Dissertations / Theses: 'Cambodia'

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Leng, Phirom. "Students' Perceptions toward Private Sector Higher Education in Cambodia." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1275029368.

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Bengtner, Therese. "The Cambodian Curse : A field study on the role of journalists in modern Cambodia." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för mediestudier, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-108594.

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The title enlightens the difficulties of democratic transition that Cambodia experiences post Khmer Rouge. Media in transitional democracies is often described as a forced compromise between what is ideal and what is actually possible. This thesis aims to understand how political agency and technological advances have affected journalistic agency in a transitional democracy. Three research questions were decided upon: How do journalists in Cambodia perceive their role in a democratic transition? What restrictions and limitations do journalistic practices face in Cambodia? And how do journalists in Cambodia perceive the impact of social media on democratic development? A field study was conducted in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. For ten weeks, eight editors and journalists currently active in Cambodia were interviewed and observed in their working environment. Normative media theory and developmental democracy theory have been used to analyze and understand the material that was generated through a combination of unstructured observations and semi-structured qualitative research interviews. Important findings were that the complicated structures of transitional democracies make journalists take on different roles, from very collaborative to extremely radical. Their different stand on journalistic practices is a mixture of their own choice and the force of historical, political and social constraints. Political power players treat them differently, which further separates them and has led to a segregated journalistic community. Even though they seem to share the same fundamental ideal of what journalism should be journalists are therefor unlikely to cooperate. Social media has been a catalyst for change in democratic development in Cambodia. By offering a place for uncensored conversations it has given the opposition access to media. Social media has brought along many new dilemmas though and is probably more beneficial to journalistic development than to democratic development. There is a lack of tolerance of diversity in Cambodia due to the fragile state of democratic transition. Therefor the immediate and unrestricted ways of expression in social media partially works against creating the social capital necessary for consolidation – fully completed democratization.

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3

Su, Christine M. "Tradition and change Khmer identity and democracy in the 20th century and beyond /." Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=765033521&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1233339823&clientId=23440.

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TOUCH, Visalsok. "Agricultural Education in Cambodia." 名古屋大学農学国際教育協力研究センター, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/8919.

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5

Woudstra, Victoria. ""Cambodia : three men in a boat" : peace in Cambodia and the Australian peace proposal /." Title page, contents and conclusion only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arw938.pdf.

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6

York, Jordan. "Deported Khmer Americans| Surviving Cambodia." Thesis, Northern Illinois University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1552431.

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In 2002, under pressure from the United States, the government of Cambodia reluctantly agreed to take in a limited number of individuals facing deportation from the only home they had ever really known back to their "homeland" about which they knew little to nothing. After escaping the horrors of the Khmer Rouge and beginning new lives as refugees in America, they would in time come to live their lives as Americans. Of those being deported, many have little if any connection to their "homeland," possess limited knowledge and understanding of Khmer cultural patterns and are not accepted as "true" Khmer by the society. This thesis examines how deportation has affected their lives and shaped their cultural identities. The research contributes to anthropological discourses on displacement, homelands, transnationalism and disaporic communities by suggesting that a new notion of "dual displacement" be used to conceptualize the events experienced by these Khmer Americans and their rejection by two countries. Dual displacement allows analysis of a situation where nostalgia is not for the "homeland" in the sense of birthplace or point of origin, but for the site of refuge from which they were then exiled.

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7

Haque, Md Mozammel. "Men, masculinities and social change : exploring Khmer masculinities and their implications for domestic violence." Thesis, Faculty of Education and Social Work, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17556.

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8

Dy, Sov Ann. "Importance of SME development in Cambodia." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.595304.

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This research is concentrated mainly on Cambodian Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). SMEs are said to playa vital role in economic development and income growth in Cambodia, as they have been the primary source of job creation, not only in urban areas but also in rural areas. However, there are still considerable controversies over whether SMEs are more efficient than large enterprises (LEs) in contributing to economic development in Cambodia. The purpose of this study is to investigate the importance of SMEs in development taking Cambodia as a case study. Three hypotheses are investigated to reveal SMEs' advantages relative to LEs: (1) SMEs are more labour-intensive than LEs and S"MEs provide more jobs for women than LEs; (2) SMEs are as productive as LEs or even more productive than LEs; and (3) srvms are more equitable in distributing the income they generate than LEs. Most of the previous researchers have provided empirical evidences to support the three hypotheses. In this study, however, srvms were found to possess many undesirable characteristics, including the uneconomic use of capital, the inequitable distribution of the income they generate, the low productivity of SMEs, especially in provincial areas, and employing less female labour. Thus, Cambodia experiences the low efficiency of SMEs' performance. This is due to the government's ability to implement an enabling environment for business remaining weak. In particular, the legal framework for supporting SME activity remains weak, infrastructure and communication in rural areas are poor, and labour productivity is relatively low. Therefore, in order to improve SMEs in Cambodia, the government has to improve the efficiency of SMEs, implementation an action plan of the market-oriented framework for SME development, reduce the cost of doing business and related to bureaucratic red tape, improve the access to finance for SMEs, and improve market access for SMEs.

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Hukin, Eleanor. "Contraception in Cambodia : explaining unmet need." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2012. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/640/.

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This thesis aims to explain why there is a high level of unmet need for contraception in Cambodia - a country where effective methods of birth control are cheaply available and morally acceptable. The research design takes a mixed methods approach, initially using data from the Cambodian Demographic and Health Surveys of 2000 and 2005 to assess trends in contraceptive use. Multivariate logistic regression is used to analyse factors associated with, firstly, unmet need, and secondly, use of traditional contraceptive methods. The likelihood of having an unmet need for contraception increased as education and wealth levels decreased; urban or rural residence had no significant effect. However, the likelihood of using traditional methods, rather than modern methods, increased as education and wealth increased. Taking these findings and the questions they raise as a departure point, 21 months of ethnographic fieldwork was conducted in one urban and one rural site in Northwest Cambodia between 2008 and 2010. The study looks at women’s and men’s reproductive decision making with a focus on their experiences of and meanings given to contraception, situating these understandings within the broader social context. Fear of side effects, stemming from both contraceptive experiences and notions of health and the body, was found to be the greatest obstacle to use of modern contraceptives. This related more broadly to the pluralistic medical systems operating simultaneously and the varying levels of medicalization and trust in both biomedicine and the Cambodian health system. Behaviour that seemed counter-intuitive at the outset - not wanting to become pregnant but not using contraception, and wealthy educated women choosing traditional over modern methods – becomes understandable in light of the context and meanings highlighted by the ethnographic data. This thesis provides a unique empirical study which contributes to the emerging field of anthropological demography. By bringing approaches and methods from medical anthropology to the typically demographic phenomenon of unmet need, the study provides a new insight for social policies regarding reproductive health as well as contributing to the body of ethnographic literature on Cambodia.

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10

McCarthy, Casey. "Media Development in Transitional Democratic Cambodia." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23792.

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This thesis explores the development of the media in transitional democratic Cambodia. It looks at how the media landscape has changed over the last 20 years (what has been the successes and failures and what are the ongoing challenges); the roles of the various stakeholders critical to the development of the media (government, media themselves and development partners); and it assesses five areas critical to the establishment of an independent and sustainable media: the space for free expression, media professionalism, plurality, business management and supporting institutions. In doing so, the link between a public sphere and good governance is emphasised, the important role of the media in state reconstruction reinforced, and the western neoliberal agenda critically explored with a view to how it may be influencing current-day Cambodian political ideology and development.

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11

Millard, Jeffrey Paul 1967. "Chinese involvement in Cambodia, 1978-1991." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291845.

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The years 1978 and 1979 were critical in shaping mainland China's foreign policy towards Cambodia during the 1980s up until the international peace treaty of 1991. For China, this involved utilizing Cambodian forces to halt the spread of Vietnamese hegemony in Southeast Asia while countering an increased Soviet presence on its southern periphery. Unfortunately, China's policy of supporting both Prince Sihanouk politically and the Khmer Rouge militarily was instrumental in reestablishing the Khmer Rouge as the most powerful faction in Cambodia's uncertain future. Therefore, the Khmer Rouge became something of a Chinese enigma, nurtured by Beijing to fight the Vietnamese but completely free from PRC control or responsibility.

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12

Marston, John. "Cambodia 1991-94 : hierarchy, neutrality and etiquettes of discourse /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6431.

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13

Clarke, Judith Lesley. "Reporters and their sources in a 'hidden' war : international news coverage of Cambodia, 1979-1991 /." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20604579.

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14

Dupuis, David. "La place des paysanneries dans la colonisation agricole du Nord-Ouest du Cambodge: les paysanneries, l'Etat et le contrôle de l'accès à la terre." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209304.

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Le Nord-Ouest du Cambodge est le théâtre d'un important processus d'expansion agraire depuis les plaines rizicoles centrales du pays vers ses marges. Ce mouvement est remarquable pour la rapidité et l'ampleur des transformations spatiales qu'il engendre. Il a en particulier mené à une dynamique de déforestation massive depuis une quinzaine d'années dans la région, associée au développement de cultures commerciales (manioc et maïs). L'objectif général de ce travail est de comprendre la place des paysanneries dans ce processus de colonisation agricole ; c'est-à-dire sa situation par rapport aux logiques de restructuration et de contrôle de l'espace et de la production agricole au sein des nouveaux systèmes agraires post-forestiers qui émergent. Notre intérêt se porte sur la nature des relations entre les paysanneries et l'État en construction dans cet espace disputé. Le Nord-Ouest du Cambodge est en effet le cadre d'un jeu d'acteurs dominé par les luttes pour le territoire national qui opposent l’État actuel moderne et les réminiscences de l’État des Khmers Rouges. Historiquement, l'accès à la terre et aux ressources qu'elle contient est au cœur de l'exercice du pouvoir dans la région. L'opposition entre ces deux formes d’État se matérialise aujourd'hui également dans les luttes et négociations pour le contrôle de l'accès à la terre ; tandis que l'une maîtrise l'accès réel à la terre (les ex-Khmers Rouges), l'autre est en charge officiellement de la définition des règles de la propriété (l’État moderne). Nous adoptons dès lors une perspective centrée sur les rapports entre acteurs qui luttent pour l'accès à la terre afin de comprendre comment les relations entre les paysanneries et l’État polymorphe participent à construire l'autorité de cet État et à transformer la société rurale. L'angle d'analyse est rendu opérationnel par l'adoption d'une double perspective focalisée sur les pratiques réelles de l'accès à la terre : le contrôle direct de l'accès à la terre par les élites en place, et le contrôle indirect. Le premier se matérialise par les multiples contrats/arrangement relatifs à l'accès à la terre, formels ou informels, qui lient les paysanneries aux élites rurales. Le second se manifeste sous forme de l'instrumentalisation que font ces élites des transformations dans les processus de travail que connaissent les paysanneries (marchandisation du travail, développement du salariat agricole et des migrations de travail) du fait de l'intégration croissante de la région à une agriculture organisée de façon capitaliste. Les résultats montrent que les paysanneries sont profondément divisées face à ce jeu d'acteurs qui définit les contours d'une économie politique post-conflit très singulière. Plus encore, les paysanneries nous apparaissent instrumentalisées par les élites rurales au travers des multiples formes de contrôle de l'accès à la terre.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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15

Duong, Veasna. "Dengue in Cambodia : epidemiology, molecular evolution, clinical presentation, laboratory diagnostic and markers of severity." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20231/document.

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La dengue, maladie transmise par des moustiques, est causée par l'un des 4 sérotypes du virus de la dengue (DENV). Le Cambodge est un pays d'hyperendémicité de la dengue où les 4 sérotypes en co-circulent. Le programme national de lutte contre la dengue a été établi en 2000 et a fourni des données nécessaires dans la compréhension du profil épidémiologique et de l'évolution du DENV. La dynamique d'évolution virale est caractérisée par des événements de disparition et d'émergence de lignées au sein de chaque sérotype en fonction du temps. La dengue se présente sous différentes formes cliniques allant d'une forme asymptomatique aux formes sévères accompagnée d'un syndrome de choc (DSS) et le diagnostic différentiel est souvent compliqué. Dans des contextes cliniques différents et avec des profils biologiques variables, nous avons évalué un test de diagnostic précoce de détection de l'antigène NS1 de la dengue. De plus, nous avons identifié de nombreux profils d'expression biologique spécifiques aux cas de DSS qui pourraient être utilisés comme d'éventuelles cibles pour le développement de nouveaux traitements ou comme des marqueurs de pronostic
Dengue infection, caused by one of the four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV), is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world with an estimated 50-100 million cases annually. In Cambodia, dengue is hyperendemic and all four serotypes are circulating. The active hospital-based surveillance has been established in 2000 and provided important insights in the understanding of the epidemiological profile and of the DENV evolution. The dynamic of evolution of DENV is characterized by complex patterns of lineage turnovers within each serotype, with lineages increasing and decreasing in frequency through time. Dengue manifests in various clinical forms - from asymptomatic to severe form with shock syndrome - and is sometimes difficult to differentiate from other febrile diseases. We have evaluated the performance of a recent diagnostic tool (NS1 antigen detection) - developed to identify dengue at a very early stage on the infection - depending on various clinical and biological patterns. Additionally, genome-wide expression analysis has characterized a large amount of gene signatures specific to dengue shock syndrome which could be used as prognostic markers as well as potential targets for drug design

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Skidmore, Monique. "The politics of space and form : cultural idioms of resistance and re-membering in Cambodia." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22628.

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The subject of this paper is of cultures of terror, and more specifically of the possibility of resistance in a context of extreme fear. The focus is upon ways in which survivors of the Pol Pot regime devise strategies of embodied resistance, and rebuild notions such as identity and bodily integrity, within a Buddhist framework, to the dominant discourse of terror in contemporary Cambodian society.
The paper problematizes the concept of "order" and questions its validity as a dominant paradigm in anthropology. Further, in searching for new ways of theorizing and writing about resistance and terror, it suggests that a more power conscious analysis of popular religion and ritual may prove enlightening.
A theoretical framework is derived from a review of anthropological studies of terror and political violence. Of particular interest is the concept of "spaces of resistance" and the notions of "spaces of violence" and "bodily resistance" which it invokes. From within this framework the Dhammayietra, or peace walk, is considered as an embodied symbol of resistance and empowerment. It is hypothesized that the Dhammayietra may provide a way in which, through the symbolic "washing away" of Khmer Rouge memories; through the creation of new collective memories; and through the reclaiming of a physical manifestation (Angkor Wat) of the Buddhist-centered world view, some Cambodians may be able, at least in part, to emerge from the sensorially numb space which they created in order to survive the bodily, intellectual, and emotional assault upon their persons, culture, and religions by the Khmer Rouge.

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Om, Sothy. "Energy efficiency of tillage operations in Cambodia /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17266.pdf.

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18

Hallsey, Joshua. "US foreign policy in Cambodia, 1945-1993 /." Saarbrücken : VDM-Verl. Dr. Müller, 2009. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=017997595&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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19

Andersson, Sköld Lisa. "Water usage behaviour and discourse in Cambodia." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Culture and Communication, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-54568.

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Cambodia is one of the poorest countries in Asia and the mortality and morbidity due to lack of improved water supply sources are high. Improvement in this area could better the situation for many Cambodians and as a consequence better the situation for the state of Cambodia.

The purpose of this thesis is to depict how water issues are being handled in Cambodia. This is done from an anthropological point of view and as a result the focus is on the interviewees of this study. Issues that will be of interest are water consumption and management behaviour, and their explanations. Thoughts and knowledge on water treatments, water safety and how to prevent water related health issues will also be of interest. Other important aspects are sanitation, garbage and the work of non-governmental organizations and the Royal Government of Cambodia. The field work was carried out though interviews and observations in three main areas, urban Phnom Penh, Khsach Kandal and Angk Snuol.

The result focuses on risk behaviour and behaviour change and shows that there is a lack of knowledge among the people I talked to when it comes to water related health risks. There is a big mistrust in the quality of the water and most people regard boiling a necessity before drinking the water. However, storage is generally the big problem as well as lack of information on how, where and why water gets contaminated.

Another problem that emerged is that there is a lack of financial commitment from the Royal Government of Cambodia and much work is done by NGOs which might be the reason for conflicting and confusing messages towards the public.

Kambodja är ett av Asiens fattigaste länder och bristen på tjänliga vattenkällor gör att skade- och dödstalen är höga. Framsteg på detta område skulle förbättra situationen för många kambodjaner och i förlängningen förbättra situationen för Kambodja.

Syfte med studien är att beskriva hur problem kring vattenkonsumtion hanteras i Kambodja. Studien har en antropologisk utgångspunkt vilket betyder att fokus ligger på informanterna och deras berättelser. Frågor som var av intresse vara vattenkonsumtion och vattenhanteringsbeteende samt förklarningar kring dessa. Tankar och kunskap kring vattenrening, vattensäkerhet och hur man förebygger vattenrelaterade hälsoproblem är också av intresse för studien. Ytterligare viktiga faktorer är hygien- och avfallsfrågor, samt arbetet som hjälporganisationer och Kambodjas regering utför. Fältstudien utfördes genom intervjuer och observationer i tre områden: Phnom Penh, Khsach Kandal and Angk Snuol.

Resultatet av studien fokuserar på riskbeteende och beteendeförändring och visar att det finns kunskapsbrister när det gäller vattenrelaterade hälsorisker bland mina informanter. Det finns ett stort misstroende när det gäller vattenkvaliteten och det flesta ser kokning som ett måste innan de kan dricka vattnet. Generellt sett är dock vattenförvaring ett större problem tillsammans med en brist i hur, var och varför vatten blir förorenat.

Ett annat vattenrelaterat problem är brist på ekonomiskt åtagande från den kambodjanska regeringens sida. Mycket av arbetet utförs av olika hjälporganisationer vilket kan vara anledning till den ibland motsägelsefulla och förvirrande information som ges till allmänheten.

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20

PHIM, Runsinarith. "Determinants of Poverty : The Case of Cambodia." 名古屋大学大学院国際開発研究科, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/16247.

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21

Clayton, Stephen. "English for Cambodia? : aid, depoliticisation and inequality." Thesis, University of Essex, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.399968.

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22

Bevan, Susan R. "Thinking culturally about critical thinking in Cambodia." Thesis, London South Bank University, 2017. http://researchopen.lsbu.ac.uk/1838/.

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There is concern in Western, English-speaking universities about the ability of students from some Asian countries to think critically. This concern is often related to students’ lack of participation in class discussion. The association of questioning, discussion and debate in Western approaches to critical thinking adds to this perception, and lends itself to the stereotype of the ‘passive Asian student.’ Research suggests however that there are more diverse factors than a lack of ability to show critical thinking during classroom discussion. Student second language acquisition and confidence in speaking are important, as well as the language used by lecturers and the speed at which it is spoken. Cultural context also plays a part, and students studying in another country may struggle to understand unfamiliar discussion topics or examples. Different cultural understandings of the role of the lecturer, authority and appropriate classroom behaviour are also factors which may lead to international student’s reluctance to speak in class. My research took place in a Cambodian university, with Cambodian students and a teacher from the UK. It began with a question – How do Cambodian students experience courses aimed at developing Western style critical thinking skills? I then focused on three themes: the relationship between cultural context and critical thinking; the relationship between classroom participation and critical thinking; and the improvement of teaching and learning critical thinking through better understanding of those relationships. I created a ‘community of critical thinkers’ in the classroom. This involved asking ‘thought-encouraging’ questions in class and techniques such as small group discussion where students were allowed to code-switch between languages in a controlled fashion. Students were encouraged to apply critical thinking to their own culture and society and share examples which could be used for teaching later classes. We also compared Western approaches to critical thinking with a Buddhist approach. The research focused on the experiences of teaching and learning critical thinking for both teacher and students. A methodology based on ethnology and grounded theory was utilised to collect and analyse data. My results show that given a familiar cultural context, in classes tailored to their level of English language acquisition, students participated in classroom discussion in similar, but not identical ways to their English- speaking, Western counterparts. Likewise a lack of participation did not necessarily lead to lower marks; a propensity for speaking in class was not always related to receiving a higher mark. I recommend further exploration of different cultural approaches to critical thinking in the classroom, and a re-examination of attitudes towards participation. Not speaking in class can be the result of a range of complex factors and does not mean that students are not engaged in the process of learning. I further suggest the inclusion of different cultural applications of critical thinking when teaching can be beneficial for teachers and both international and national students.

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23

Manning, Peter. "Justice, reconciliation and memorial politics in Cambodia." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2014. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/871/.

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This thesis examines conflicts and congruities between memories of past political violence, and the implications these have for attempts to enable ‘justice’ and ‘reconciliation’ in Cambodia. The project takes the establishment of the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC) as a starting point that seeks to stabilise a narrow account of past political violence. The ECCC is important as a point of departure because it is the main institutional site through which Cambodia is confronting past political violence. Tasked with prosecuting crimes perpetrated by Khmer Rouge between 1975 and 1979, the ECCC promotes a restricted reading of political violence in Cambodia, attempting to silence some pasts whilst calling attention to others. At the same time, the work of the ECCC situates the past as a field of intervention that can yield particular ameliorative social and political outcomes: providing a sense of justice, establishing the truth of political violence in Cambodia, deterring the future perpetration of atrocity, and enabling reconciliation. Memory is integral to these ends as the key target of civic renewal. Based on eight months of fieldwork in 2008/9 conducted at multiple sites in Cambodia, the project critically reflects on the ECCC’s attempt to generate a unified and consensual account of political violence in Cambodia. Three key findings are evidenced. Firstly, whilst the ECCC attempts to frame and stabilise a preferred account of political violence through a judicial process that reconstructs memory through disclosure and concealment, this process itself is contested by the subjects it animates (its ‘victims’ and ‘perpetrators’). Moreover, I argue that the work of the ECCC actually catalyses multiple, often conflicted claims over what justice and reconciliation mean as socio-political strategies. The ECCC continues to generate unintended and unexpected results in the way that it platforms, recues and generates demands of the past. Secondly, the research findings evidence diverse and competing regimes of memory in Cambodia that call into question the possibilities of the ECCC in reconstructing a unified, shared public memory of political violence in Cambodia, and providing a sense of justice and reconciliation on that basis. These are frequently encountered exactly at the propagation of the ECCC preferred reading of past political violence, gesturing to the way that conflicting memory occurs – or is foregrounded – in resistance to power. Thirdly, the research findings evidence competing rationales for remembering and forgetting political violence in varied ways (for example, material priorities, tourism, and attendant commercial interests). Moreover, the thesis documents ambivalence among some Cambodians toward memorials and museums and the pasts that they call attention to. In this sense, the project shows how these ambivalences are dislocated from and eschew the moral authority of the rationales grounding the ECCC’s work (providing a sense of justice and facilitating reconciliation in the name of continued memories of political violence).

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Griffiths, Kate. "Culture of aid : Chinese aid to Cambodia." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18188.

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Cambodia is one of the poorest countries in Southeast Asia. The United Nations Human Development Index ranks Cambodia as 137 out of 182 countries in terms of quality of life. Cambodia is also an aid dependent country, with nearly half its annual budget coming from aid. Since the Paris Peace Accords in 1991 and subsequent United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) period, OECD-DAC (Development Assistance Committee) (or 'traditional') donors have entered Cambodia in large numbers. These traditional donors allocate aid according to the OECDDAC consensus. This consensus is based around international agreements such as the Millennium Development Goals, The Pahs Declaration on Aid Effectiveness and the Monterrey Consensus o f the International Conference on Financing fo r Development. The traditional donors have, since the early 1990s, created and dominated the aid 'culture' in Cambodia. Recently, however, another donor has come to the fore in Cambodia, and that is China. China has strong historical, social and economic links with Cambodia that go back to ancient times. China has been disbursing aid to Cambodia since the 1950s. However, it has only been since 2006 that China has come to the fore as an aid donor, due in part to the large amount of aid it is currently pledging to Cambodia but also to the growing role China is playing on the wider global stage. China is now one of the largest donors to (as well as investors in) Cambodia. China, however, is often considered a 'rogue' donor by the traditional donors both at the global scale and within Cambodia, as China does not conform with DAC policy on aid and development. This leads to certain representations of China that do not always accord with the 'realities' of China's aid program. This thesis explores aid cultures in Cambodia, in particular the encounter between Chinese aid and western aid. Theoretically this thesis situates itself at the intersection between (post)development geography and cultural geography, drawing on ideas such as representation and encounter to understand how Chinese and western aid come together in the context of Cambodia. By doing so, this thesis fills a gap in the existing literature by looking at aid as a culture, and exploring China's aid from a [post]development/cultural geography viewpoint, rather than an economic or international relations stance. Arising from this theoretical stance come three primary research questions: How do those with different cultural sets come together in certain contexts, namely aid; what cultural encounters do we see in this mix between traditional donors and new donors; how do discourses around 'the other' play into aid dialogues in Cambodia? This thesis investigates these research questions through qualitative methods, including interviews, discourse analysis and participant observation. Analysis is undertaken of western aid to Cambodia, with a focus on the history and statistics of aid, aid coordination, development policy and critiques of traditional aid in order to highlight the existing aid culture in Cambodia. An analysis is then undertaken of China's aid to Cambodia, looking at the aid figures and aid structure before investigating representations of China's aid and looking at an indicative case study of one Chinese aid project in Cambodia. Finally the encounter between western aid and Chinese aid is analysed with particular reference to three types of western aid actors in Cambodia and how they encounter and represent China and its aid program. Through the above investigation, three main findings are arrived at: a) that a particularly western aid culture has been created in Cambodia, one which can be seen as a 'site of knowledge' for western aid; b] that Chinese aid is deliberately constructed and represented in certain ways by the West for its own purposes much as Said (1995] outlined in his work Orientalism regarding the relationship between the West and 'the other'; and c) whilst global aid discourses influence the encounter between China and the West in Cambodia, Cambodia itself is not a passive player in this encounter, using it for its own advantage by playing off China and the western donors against one another.

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Suttie, Annika. "The molecular epidemiology of influenza in Cambodia." Thesis, Federation University Australia, 2019. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/173785.

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Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) represent a risk to the health of humans and animals. The prevalence of AIVs in live bird markets in Cambodia is among the highest in the world, being detected in 45.5% of tested poultry in 2015. To better understand the potential risk presented by AIVs, this thesis investigated the genetic characteristics of AIVs circulating in Cambodia between 2014 to 2018; focusing on subtypes that pose the greatest risk to human and animal health (H5, H7 and H9). Highly pathogenic (HP) H5N1 clade 2.3.2.1c viruses and low pathogenic H9N2 BJ/94-like h9-4.2.5 clade viruses were the most frequently detected subtypes, and circulate endemically in Cambodia’s domestic poultry. Co-infections were detected and facilitated the production of two novel reassortant H5N1 AIVs with single genes from H9N2 viruses. Additionally, numerous intrasubtypic reassortment events were detected for H5 and H9 AIVs. This is concerning as reassortment events can rapidly produce novel viruses of public health risk. Phylogenetic analyses showed some genes of the Cambodian H5, H7 and H9 AIVs clustered with zoonotic viruses, suggesting a common origin. There are parallels between H5N1 and H9N2 AIVs detected in Cambodia and Vietnam, likely facilitated through the illegal trade of live poultry and/or the migration of wild birds. Molecular analyses showed H9 AIVs have major markers associated with adaptation to mammals; though during the study period the only human AIV cases were the result of HP H5N1. Molecular markers of resistance to adamantine antivirals was observed in 3% of H5 and 41% of H9 AIVs; however, both subtypes remain susceptible to first line antiviral treatment, neuraminidase inhibitors. The data presented in this thesis demonstrates that circulation of Cambodian AIVs represents a risk for the emergence of novel viruses. Interventions are urgently needed to mitigate the threat posed to poultry and humans.
Doctor of Philosophy

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O'Leary, Moira Patricia, and moira mal@gmail com. "The influence of values on development practice: A study of Cambodian development practitioners in non-government organisations in Cambodia." La Trobe University. Social Work and Social Policy, 2006. http://www.lib.latrobe.edu.au./thesis/public/adt-LTU20061025.123141.

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Evaluation reports, along with development studies literature suggest that development practice is often failing to enact espoused participatory, empowering and gender equitable approaches or to achieve these espoused goals. Mainstream development theories are underpinned by values and beliefs about what is good and what �ought to be�. In this study I explore the influence of values on the development practice of Cambodian practitioners working in non-government organisations in rural Cambodia. Development practitioners are the major conduit of community based development assistance, but little is known about how their values impact their day-to-day practice, and influence their moral and political choices. In the study I used ethnographic methodology, guided by feminist principles. The research was conducted with individuals and groups of experienced, mostly Cambodian development practitioners. Data were collected in four phases through in-depth and semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions and observations of practice. I examine the (in)congruity between practitioners� espoused theories and values and those demonstrated by their practice. The findings reveal that the values are not essentially different but are prioritized differently. The espoused values are consistent with those of the international development discourse, all of which are premised on a belief in human equality. Theories and values inferred from actual practice reflect hierarchical underpinnings. In the Cambodian context this is consistent with socio-cultural values and the hierarchical order of society. However, as expatriate research participants and the literature attest, this incongruence is not particular to Cambodian practitioners. The study reveals practitioners give higher priority to fulfilling the tasks necessary for the achievement of their NGOs� planned outputs and organisational imperatives than to the facilitation of participatory and empowering processes. At the same time, the enactment of some development values is in tension with certain socio-cultural norms and practices. Practitioners are challenged to make desirable development values explicit and identify how to operationalise them in the lived social, cultural, political and economic context.

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O'Leary, Moira Patricia. "The influence of values on development practice : a study of Cambodian development practitioners in non-government organisations in Cambodia /." Access full text, 2006. http://www.lib.latrobe.edu.au/thesis/public/adt-LTU20061025.123141/index.html.

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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- La Trobe University, 2006.
Research. "A thesis submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy [to the] School of Social Work and Social Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria". Includes bibliographical references (leaves 328-351). Also available via the World Wide Web.

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Mak, Sau-man Michelle, and 麥綉雯. "Unraveling the barriers to education for children with severe disabilities (Cambodia)." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44390725.

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Sorn, San. "Le virus H5N1 à l’interface homme, animal et environnement au Cambodge." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20207.

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Le virus H5N1 hautement pathogène a été à l'origine d'importantes pertes humaines, animales et économiques dans tous les pays affectés. Nos études ont été pensées afin d'appréhender le problème complexe de la circulation et de la dissémination du virus H5N1 hautement pathogène de manière intégrée et transdisciplinaire en envisageant les problèmes sous des angles différents mais complémentaires. La première partie de ce manuscrit est consacrée à l'analyse de la dynamique de circulation du virus H5N1 en Asie du sud-est ainsi que dans la région du Cambodge et du Vietnam ce qui a permis de mieux comprendre la structure, la diversité, et l'origine des populations virales retrouvées au Cambodge. Cela a permis de décrire la succession des lignées virales introduites successivement dans le pays et d'en retracer les origines. Ce travail a aussi montré que depuis 2010 une nouvelle lignée endémique au Cambodge avait émergé et évolué à partir d'une lignée mère avant de donner naissance à un nouveau sous-clade (1.1.A). Ce travail s'est également concentré sur l'impact des mouvements de volailles sur la diffusion du virus au Cambodge ainsi que sur l'analyse des marchés de volailles vivantes comme réservoir potentiel du virus H5N1. Le rôle potentiel de l'environnement comme source d'infection humaine et animale a également été exploré dans ce travail. En effet, nos résultats montrent clairement que l'environnement des fermes à la suite d'épidémies ou que les échantillons environnementaux prélevés dans les marchés aux volailles vivantes étaient fortement contaminés par le virus aviaire. L'impact sur la survenue d'épidémies d'une évolution des pratiques des éleveurs, en particulier dans la manipulation des volailles et dans la déclaration de la mortalité, a été évalué et nous avons montré que des progrès avaient été réalisés avec le temps mais qu'il restait encore des progrès à réaliser, en particulier dans la manipulation des volailles. Nous avons également décrit la survenue d'épidémie chez des oiseaux sauvages et des chats au Cambodge et démontré le rôle que pourrait jouer dans la dissémination du virus et dans la contamination humaine une pratique bouddhiste qui consiste à relâcher des passereaux captifs. Mots-clés : virus H5N1, évolution virale, environnement, marchés aux volailles vivantes, Cambodge, Asie du sud-est, oiseaux sauvages, chats, transmission
The Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) virus, subtype H5N1, has caused important human, animal and economical losses in all countries affected. This work was designed as a somehow transdisciplinary and integrative project to try addressing the complex problem of HPAI H5N1 virus circulation and spread through different complementary but related angles. The first domain to be addressed was that of the dynamics and evolution of the virus which allowed us to better understand the structure, diversity and origin of the viral populations found in Cambodia. It also allowed to determine the succession of lineages that were introduced in the country and to identify their origin. This work also demonstrated that since 2010 a novel lineage, endemic to Cambodia, has emerged and evolved from the mother lineage to become a genetically distinct sub-clade (1.1.A). This work also focused on the impact of poultry movement networks in the spread of avian influenza in Cambodia and on the analysis of live markets as potential HPAI H5N1 reservoirs. The potential role of the environment as a source of infection for both animals and humans was also explored in the work. Indeed, our data clearly demonstrated that the environment of the farms following an outbreak or the environmental samples collected from life bird markets were highly contaminated by H5N1 virus. The evolution in poultry workers behavior, especially poultry handling and poultry mortality report and their influence on the epidemics in Cambodia was analyzed and data demonstrated some improvements over the time but some key issues, especially in regards poultry handling, should still be addressed. The occurrence of outbreaks in captive wild birds and cats in Cambodia was also observed, whereas the final part of the manuscript demonstrated the potential role of the Merit Release Birds, used during some common Buddhist ritual in Asia, in the dissemination of virus to avian and human population. Key-Words: H5N1 virus, virus evolution, environment, Live Poultry Market, Cambodia, Southeast Asia, wild birds, cats, transmission

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Goldrick, Emma. "Sino-Cambodia 2010 - 2018: To what extent has the Chinese Government contributed to the decline of multiparty democracy in Cambodia?" Thesis, Department of Government and International Relations, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/24652.

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Cambodia has become an integral component of China’s strategic objectives throughout Southeast Asia. China’s intention to expand the Belt and Road Initiative through Southeast Asia is contingent on its ability to maintain healthy cooperation with the Hun Sen administration in Cambodia. Through the patron-client dynamic of Sino-Cambodian relations, China has secured rights to vital deep-water ports, hydroelectric dams, vital BRI infrastructure and access to the South China Sea. In recent years, Prime Minister Hun Sen’s, Cambodian People’s Party (CPP), has received international criticism and sanctions from traditional aid-aid-donors for infringing on democratic rights. As a result of this, the CPP has become asymmetrically dependent on Chinese economic patronage. This thesis seeks to determine the extent to which the Chinese Government has contributed to the decline of multiparty democracy in Cambodia between 2010 and 2018. To achieve this, the paper conducts a process tracing analysis to determine causation between Chinese patronage and the breakdown of democracy in Cambodia. In doing so, this thesis uses the theoretical framework of patron-client to understand the actions of China and Cambodia alike. The core findings of this study demonstrate the party-to-party relationship between the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the CPP, and how this contributes to Cambodia’s ideological convergence. It further establishes the way in which China’s objectives in Cambodia have become mutually reinforcing. The final finding of this thesis demonstrates how Prime Minister Hun Sen’s internal legitimacy is dependent on Chinese economic patronage. Through the research findings of this study, this thesis also contributes to broader literature regarding the application of patron-client theory to China and Southeast Asia.

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Aveling, Emma-Louise. "Partnership in whose interests? : the impact of partnership-working in a Cambodian HIV prevention program." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609077.

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Lambrick, Frances H. "Community forestry in Cambodia : effectiveness, governance and implementation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.669864.

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Quinn, Peter Thomas, and peter quinn@anu edu au. "HUMAN SECURITY AND DEVELOPMENT: THE CASE OF CAMBODIA." The Australian National University. Centre for Asian Societies and Histories, College of Asia & the Pacific, 2008. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20100701.122958.

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Human security was promoted in 1994 by the UNDP as a concept embracing not only freedom from war and violence (or personal security), but also embracing individualï¿½s basic needs for (and rights to) economic security, food security, health security, environmental security, community security and political security. Following this formulation, the concept has been subject to considerable scrutiny particularly in the context of state centric security studies. Extending the concept of security beyond the state to the individual appeared problematic, especially as the mechanisms designed to maintain and restore world peace are state based. However, the post-cold war environment has required a renewed interest in conflict resolution and in this context, human security as personal security has achieved political and analytical acceptance, particularly in the UN sponsored Human Security Report. What then of the second dimension of human security as freedom from want expressed by the UNDP in terms of basic needs and rights? Debate on this aspect of the UNDP definition foundered on several fronts. As well as being outside the traditional security framework, many argued that it was too broad to be analytically useful; others that it added nothing to human rights and human development which appeared to address precisely the same issues. Thus, while the concept of human security has found acceptance by those advocating with humanitarian approaches to conflict resolution and prevention, few have addressed the actual relationship, if any, between human security and development at the local level where people are most vulnerable to insecurity and where human security or its absence is most felt. This thesis addresses this gap through a study of human security in Cambodia, where people have experienced, at different times, the full range of human insecurities detailed by the UNDP. It shows that the human insecurity of Cambodians has been in large part a consequence of the security policies and military engagements of external powers. Human security and international relations are inextricably linked. Cambodiaï¿½s post-conflict reconstruction, rehabilitation and development strategies have also been strongly influenced by international forces through development assistance programmes. Despite this aid, Cambodiaï¿½s performance in health, education, justice, employment and poverty alleviation has been poor and leaves many rural people with uncertain futures and their human security threatened. Various authors have suggested that human security might be guaranteed by the state, the rule of law, democratisation, governance, human rights or human development. Based on qualitative fieldwork, the thesis argues that governance ï¿½ especially the way in which state institutions deliver services to the people at the local or ï¿½grass rootsï¿½ level ï¿½ is key to assuring human security. It further argues that through development assistance policies and practices, global governance institutions have a significant influence on national and local governance processes. The thesis concludes that, if accepted by the UN Security Council, global governance and international development assistance agencies, human security can be a bridge uniting them all in the common pursuit of individual security and wellbeing with benefit for state, regional and global security.

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Keo, Omaliss. "Ecology and conservation of Giant Ibis in Cambodia." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.502555.

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Giant Ibis Thaumatibis gigantea has declined in its South-East Asian range and is now classified as Critically Endangered; it is only known to breed in northern Cambodia. Understanding the species's feeding and nesting habitat selection and breeding ecology is important to determine possible causes of decline and identify conservation management measures. This study was carried out in northern Cambodia during the species's breeding and non-breeding seasons. Giant Ibis prefers to nest away from villages in deciduous forest near seasonal grasslands and pools where earthworms are abundant. It selects large tall trees for nesting, mainly Trach Diptercarpus intricatus and Tbeng Dipterocarpus obtusifolius. Nesting success was 50%. Main losses were due to civet or marten predation of nestlings. Placing predator baffles on trees improved nesting success by 50% and was very cheap. Feeding habitat selection was investigated using camera trapping (CTM) and probe-mark (pMM) methods. CTM was effective in capturing presence of Giant Ibis at pools. Both methods provided similar results, but PMM gives a better prediction. Giant Ibis prefers foraging further away from villages, at larger pools with larger mud areas where there are greater abundances of frogs and mole-crickets. Numerically, frogs are the species's main prey, followed by unidentified 'insects', mole-crickets, larvae and eels. Anthropogenic influences at pools do not directly affect Giant Ibises. However, fire reduces the abundance of mole-crickets, and draining reduces the abundance ofeels. This thesis demonstrates that management of feeding and breeding habitats will be vital for the Giant Ibis in future, as local human pressures increase. Maintaining water in pools throughout the dry season is crucial to maintaining prey abundance. Nest protection should increase productivity and playa key role in recovering numbers.

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Bitar, Mona K. "The United States, Britain and Cambodia 1956-1965." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367960.

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Brady, Christopher. "United States foreign policy towards Cambodia, 1977-1992." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261444.

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Pagaran, Lourdes N. (Lourdes Navaro) 1957. "Making decentralization work : building local institutions in Cambodia." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8258.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2000.
"September 2001."
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 212-217).
This dissertation examines the dynamics of decentralization in a highly centralized, institutionally constrained, and externally resource-dependent environment. It uses a case study of Seila, a decentralization program in Cambodia, based on extensive fieldwork from 1996 to 1999. Initiated in 1996 by UNDP, the Seila program took a different path from other rural development programs by working through established provincial and local development structures on a pilot basis in five Cambodian provinces. It provided grants to target communes and selected sector along with the introduction of decentralized systems and mechanisms and the provision of capacity building at provincial and local levels. The findings of this study suggest that the Seila program has been able to establish decentralized systems and mechanisms to deliver local services and to influence macro level policy reforms on decentralization in three ways: by a delicate balancing act between process and output, by developing capacity and institutional networking at various levels, and by gaining support of various key institutional actors including provincial and local authorities, central government, donor agencies, and NGOs. The literature on fiscal federalism and on participatory and governance focuses on the primacy of either process or output. Contrary to these views, the close links between process and output have encouraged local communities to undertake collective action and have engendered accountability and responsiveness from provincial and local authorities.
(cont.) By building capacity and developing strategic partnerships, both at horizontal and vertical structures, provincial and local development committees have effectively managed local demand. Thus, these findings confirm the emerging literature on decentralization that developing effective local governments requires wholesale capacity building and establishing a broad spectrum of support networks. The support from key institutional actors, which enabled the Seila program to sustain its field-level initiatives and to buttress them through institutional and policy backing from central government, suggests that decentralization is indeed both a political decision and outcome of consensus building among politicians and decision makers.
by Lourdes N. Pagaran.
Ph.D.

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Sumner, Daniel Mark. "Gendered dimensions of Conservation Agriculture in Northwestern Cambodia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/63896.

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This research investigates gender-based constraints and opportunities to the dissemination of conservation agriculture based on a case study with smallholder farmers in the village of Pichangva, Rattanakmondol, Battambang Province, Royal Kingdom of Cambodia. Using qualitative and quantitative methods, including focus group discussions, semi-structured interviews, household surveys, and participatory mapping, we explore the effect of conservation agriculture on men's and women's allocation of labor, gendered power relations in intra-household negotiations, and access to resources and information. I found that conservation agriculture has the potential to decrease men's and women's workload and drudgery in cash crop production and generates opportunities for other work; however, this may contribute to an increase in women's "triple workload" as they invest part of this "extra time" in additional domestic and community responsibilities. I also found that gender intersects with other factors to limit men's and women's access to and control over resources, access to information, and participation in household negotiations. These findings could have implications on smallholder farmers' decision to experiment with conservation agriculture.
Master of Science
CCRA-7 (Gendered Knowledge)

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Loem, Senghuo. "Labor Mobility and Industrialization in Post-Socialist Cambodia." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1494934181936051.

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Chhay, Saomony Orapin Pitakmahaket. "Factors influencing postpartum checkups among mothers in Cambodia /." Abstract, 2008. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2551/cd419/5037964.pdf.

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Yong, Lynne Ee Lin. "Resilience in ex-refugees from Cambodia and Vietnam /." View online ; access limited to URI, 2004. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/dlnow/3147808.

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Muon, Ratha. "Termite bioturbation in Cambodia - From characterization to application." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2022SORUS383.pdf.

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La biodiversité des sols joue un rôle clé dans la régulation des fonctions écologiques clés du sol et dans la fourniture de biens et services écosystémiques essentiels aux sociétés humaines. Parmi les organismes du sol, les termites jouent un rôle de premier plan dans les sols tropicaux, en tant qu'éléments des réseaux trophiques et en tant qu'ingénieur de l'écosystème avec des effets sur la dynamique des sols et la biodiversité à différentes échelles spatiales et temporelles. Bien que les termitières caractérisent les paysages des rizières dans le bassin inférieur du Mékong, leur abondance, leurs propriétés et leurs utilisations par les agriculteurs restent inconnues. L'objectif de cette étude était donc d'analyser les interactions entre les termitières et les agriculteurs dans les zones cultivées de cette région. À cette fin, nous avons évalué l'abondance et les propriétés de deux types de termitières (les monticules ou "buttes termitiques" et les "nids") dans les rizières du bassin versant de Chrey Bak au Cambodge. Nous avons montré que la densité des buttes termitiques atteint ~ 2 termitières ha-1, et que ces constructions sont susceptibles de trouver leur origine dans l'activité de construction de Macrotermes gilvus. Nous avons mis en évidence que les buttes et les nids peuvent être considérés comme des points chauds (ou ‘hotspots’) de fertilité dans les paysages avec des teneurs plus élevées en carbone et en nutriments, et des propriétés physiques du sol améliorées (teneur en argile plus élevée, capacité de rétention d'eau et conductivité hydraulique saturée...). Enfin, à partir d'entretiens réalisés dans 13 villages, nous avons montré que les termitières fournissent un grand nombre de services aux populations locales, faisant partie des pratiques culturales et contribuant à la diversité alimentaire et à la santé (par exemple, l'utilisation du sol des buttes termitiques comme amendement, l'accès aux plantes médicinales, et une moindre utilisation d'engrais chimiques et de pesticides). En conclusion, cette recherche interdisciplinaire a mis en évidence l'urgence d'une meilleure compréhension des impacts environnementaux et sociaux de la biodiversité, et notamment de l'activité des termites, et des facteurs déterminants leur préservation par les agriculteurs
Soil biodiversity plays a key role in regulating key ecological functions and in providing essential ecosystem goods and services to human societies. Among soil organisms, termites play a prominent role in tropical soils, as elements of the food web and as ecosystem engineers with effects on soil dynamics and biodiversity at different spatial and temporal scales. Although termite mounds are conspicuous features of the landscapes in the lower Mekong basin, their abundance, properties and utilization by farmers remain unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the interactions between termite constructions and farmers in cultivated areas in this region. To this end, we assessed the abundance and properties of two termite constructions (lenticular mounds and mound nests) in paddy fields in Chrey Bak catchment in Cambodia. We showed that termite lenticular mound density reaches ~ 2 mounds ha-1, and that these constructions are likely to find their origin in the building activity of Macrotermes gilvus. We evidenced that termite lenticular mounds and nests can be seen as fertility and biogeochemical hotspots in the landscapes with higher carbon and nutrients contents, and improved soil physical properties (higher clay content, water holding capacity and saturated hydraulic conductivity). Finally, using interviews realized in 13 villages, we showed that termite mounds provide a large number of services to local people, being part of the cultivation practices and contributing to food diversity and health (e.g., utilization of mound soil as amendment, access to medical plants, and lower use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides). To conclude, this interdisciplinary research evidenced the urgent need for a better understanding of the environmental and social impacts of biodiversity, and especially termite activity, and on the driving factors controlling their preservation by farmers

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Pak, Vicheth. "Understanding rural parent-school-community partnerships in Cambodia: practices, communications andrerceptions." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50178726.

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Child-Friendly School has been adopted as a national policy for basic education in many developing countries and UNICEF has also adopted the policy as an international framework for basic education. In Cambodia, the practice has now gone up to lower-secondary schools. Dimension 5 of this policy encompasses school openness to community participations which include those of parents and other important members of the community such as elderly, clergymen, village chiefs, and NGO representatives. What is not often heard of in many schools is the extent to which and through what means the stakeholders communicate about their children‘s education. Recognizing this gap, this research was devised to explore current practices and channels of communication that the stakeholders have advocated in Cambodia. This research employed a mixed research design in which both qualitative and quantitative data were collected. Five teachers, eight key informants and two student representatives were purposefully selected for semi-structured interview, while 33 parents and 33 students were also purposefully recruited for self-administered (face-to-face) questionnaires. In addition, field observation, document analysis, and focus group discussion were also employed in this study. The study found that the current practices of parent-school-community partnerships have not met the desired outcomes of CFS‘s dimension 5 yet. More attention should be placed on attracting parental and community involvements. For example, reconstructing the existing mechanisms such as SSC and SC for better involvement, more school‘s effort to reach out to parents and more attention from national level on policy and law on parent-teacher relation are needed.
published_or_final_version
Education
Master
Master of Education

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Nowosad, Orest J. W. "Weak power-great power relationships : Sino-Khmer Rouge relations 1975-1989." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/110791.

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With the Khmer Rouge gaining control of Cambodia in 1975, the further development of a relationship between a weak and a strong power was to be seen.l The People's Republic of China (PRC) would become associated with a regime which would prove to be one of the most brutal and inhumane of the modern age.

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Ravasco, Gerard G. "Towards a Christian pastoral approach to Cambodian culture." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2004. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p101-0002.

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Wille, Kirstin. "Film production in Cambodia conditions and structure of the Cambodian film production market, demand and supply in consideration of film genre." Erfurt Thüringisch-Kambodschan. Ges, 2009. http://www.tkgev.org/film-production-in-cambodia.html.

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Annear, Peter Leslie, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Healthy markets - Heathly people? Reforming health care in Cambodia." Deakin University. School of Health Sciences, 2001. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20050825.134836.

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Abstract:

Health care reform has been described as a global epidemic. This thesis deals with nature and experience of health care reform in developing countries. Increasing privatisation, economic transition, and structural adjustment have provided the context for health system changes. Different approaches to reform have been developed by international organisations such as the World Bank, WHO and UNICEF. What has driven national health care reforms? Are such policies really appropriate to developing countries? Has a consensus now emerged in relation to international health policy? Has a new health care model appeared? The study of health care reform in Cambodia is a timely opportunity to investigate the implementation of health care reform under extreme conditions. These conditions include a legacy of genocide, long-term conflict, political isolation, and economic transition. This case study uses both qualitative and quantitative methods and multiple sources of data to analyse the reform program. The study reinforces the conclusion that, under conditions of extreme poverty, market based reforms are likely to have limited positive impact. Rather, understanding the cultural conditions that determine demand, delivering health care of a satisfactory quality, providing appropriate incentives for health practitioners, and supporting services with adequate public funding are the prerequisites for improved service delivery and utilisation. Cambodia's strategy of integrated district health service development and universal population coverage may provide an instructive example of reform. Emerging policy issues identified by this case study include the fundamental role of equity in service provision, the influence of the social determinants of health and illness and interest in the appropriate use of evidence in international health policy-making.

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Fujimura, Paul N. "Peacemaking in Cambodia: blueprint for a new world order?" Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/27201.

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Lavoix, HeÌleÌ€ne. "'Nationalism' and 'genocide' : the case of Cambodia (1861-1979)." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.417067.

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Norén-Nilsson, Astrid Asa Thyra. "Imagining Cambodia : competing nationalisms in the Second Kingdom (1993-)." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.607930.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cambodia'

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