Academic literature on the topic 'Cambodian American art'

Abstract In the aftermath of the Paris Agreement, Nixon and Kissinger accelerate the bombing in Cambodia and Laos. This chapter focuses on the complex role of Secretary Laird in his efforts to limit the danger to civilians and to American pilots. With Elliot Richardson scheduled to replace Laird, the president carefully limits his role from the outset, centralizing more power in the White House. The chapter links the violation of procedural norms in the field of national security to the breach of domestic norms, slowly uncovered by Watergate investigators. A priority for the president is to improve the relationship with China as a prelude to another visit. A continuing problem is the status of Taiwan, a subject Nixon prefers to keep ambiguous. The chapter describes Kissinger’s second visit with Mao, and his excitement over their newly forged bond. Another goal is for the Chinese to convince North Vietnam to delay a fresh offensive. While relations with China and Russia are improving, the situation in Cambodia is dire. The chapter concludes with the accidental bombing of a pro-government military base and the resulting deaths of soldiers’ family members. In the ensuing months, Congress learns that the administration was secretly bombing Cambodia from early in Nixon’s first term.

This chapter presents Hornberger's *continua of biliteracy as a comprehensive and wholistic examination of diverse deaf and hard-of-hearing students' multilingual and multicultural abilities. The continua consist of four domains—development, content, media, and contexts—through which biliteracy is acquired. The continua are described then applied to three diverse immigrant DHH students and their families who are from Cambodia, Vietnam, and Chile. This results in unique insights into the students' current skill development and future needs including attainment of a positive dual minority identity and optimal academic skills. The final section utilizes the continua with a miscue analysis of an African American eighth grader. Miscue analysis provided a naturalistic, language-neutral means of assessing reading skills and identified a number of strengths not previously observed. This combination of tools more thoroughly examines the positive and negative influences on diverse DHH students with sensitive and insightful approaches for optimizing their educational experiences.

Two thirds of all known species occur in tropical regions, and probably half of all species are confined to tropical rain forests—yet these rain forests are among the most threatened of all natural habitats. Throughout the tropics, rain forests are being destroyed at an alarming rate. It has been estimated that, worldwide, approximately 170,000 square kilometers of rain forests—an area almost as great as Cambodia—are being lost every year (FAO, 1990). Few tropical countries retain more than half of their natural forest cover, and even those that do are witnessing rapid habitat conversion. Figure 3-1 illustrates the decline of primary forest cover on Sumatra during the past 60 years, a picture that is duplicated over much of tropical Asia. The Indonesian archipelago, as a whole, loses at least 9,000 square kilometers of forest each year to logging, land conversion, and shifting agriculture (MoF/FAO, 1991). In some years, the figure is even higher. In 1982 and 1983, for example, severe drought and fires (often deliberately started) damaged 36,000 square kilometers of forest—an area the size of Belgium—in East Kalimantan in Indonesian Borneo (Lennertz and Panzer, 1983) and another 10,000 square kilometers in Sabah (Malingreau et al., 1985). Destruction of tropical habitats leads to the irreversible loss of biological diversity and genetic resources. Conservation of biodiversity will require a concerted effort to provide adequate and effective protection of tropical forests and their native species. The best, easiest, and least expensive way to achieve this goal is to establish networks of protected rain forest areas for in situ conservation of gene pools, species, and ecosystems. Forest destruction is proceeding so fast that this decade is probably the last chance to protect extensive areas of tropical forests; indeed, for some countries it is already too late. While this chapter focuses primarily on tropical Asia, many of the lessons and recommendations apply equally well to the rain forests of Africa and Central and South America. The question of how much protected habitat is enough has long been debated by conservationists and other scientists.

The United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) adopted by world leaders in 2000 aimed to address some of the most pressing global issues of our times: extreme poverty, unequal health, and inequities in development. The MDGs, a set of interrelated targets to be met by 2015, catalyzed political commitment toward improving child survival and maternal health. Millennium Development Goals 4 and 5 called for a two-thirds reduction in the younger-than-5 child mortality rate and a three-quarters reduction in the maternal mortality ratio, respectively, from 1990 base figures.1 Although concerted global efforts have led to substantial reductions in maternal and child mortality over the past 25 years, MDG 4 and 5 targets have not been fully realized. Only 62 of the 195 countries with available estimates achieved the MDG 4 target, of which 24 were low-income and lower-middle–income countries.2 Only 2 regions, East Asia and the Pacific (69% reduction) and Latin America and the Caribbean (67% reduction), met the target at a regional level.2 For MDG 5, of the 95 countries that had a maternal mortality ratio of more than 100 in 1990, only 9 achieved the target for reduction in maternal mortality: Bhutan, Cambodia, Cape Verde, Iran, Laos, Maldives, Mongolia, Rwanda, and Timor-Leste.3 As we celebrate the fact that the global younger-than-5 mortality rate and maternal mortality ratio have fallen by 53% and 43.9%, respectively, since 1990, we also face the sobering reality that high numbers of women and children are still dying every year, largely due to conditions that could have been prevented or treated if existing cost-effective interventions were universally available.2–4 The burden of mortality also remains unevenly distributed, with the largest numbers and highest rates of maternal and younger-than-5 deaths concentrated in countries of sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, especially in lower-income countries and among fragile states, especially those with ongoing conflict.2,3,5 2015 marked the end of the MDG era and the beginning of a new global framework, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This new framework presents an opportunity to leverage the momentum built over recent decades to tackle global inequities in maternal and child health. Of these SDGs, goal 3 also calls for an end to preventable deaths of newborns and children younger than 5 years, as well as a reduction in maternal mortality to less than 70 per 100,000 live births, by 2030.6 Achieving this target would require overcoming barriers and inequities in access to quality health services and, thus, implementing strategies to reach all mothers and children, including those who are most vulnerable, remote, and at risk. In this chapter, we discuss the current burden of younger-than-5 and maternal mortality, barriers contributing to health inequities, and, finally, evidence-based strategies to bridge these gaps.

"Abstract Genocide has affected human societies since ancient times, and in the modern era the genocide is a global phenomenon: from the massacres in colonial America, Africa and Australia.. to the Holocaust of European Jews and mass death in Maoist China, Cambodia, Palestine and Burma, and in our Iraqi reality there are what is known as the Anfal, Halabja and the genocide of the people of Marshes, Speicher and Sinjar are examples for the genocide in our country, and in recent years the system of genocide studies has developed to provide analysis and understanding of the phenomenon and an unde

According to the United Nations, presently, about 54% of the world’s population lives in urban areas, with the number expected to increase to 66% by 2050. Urban areas which are ill prepared to deal with their present population needs will have to develop and manage; housing, healthcare, education, transportation, infrastructure and food pro-duction for an additional 2.5 billion people. With three-quarters of the world’s megalopolis by the sea and 80% of people living within 60 miles of the coast, sea level rise will force a new way of thinking about urban development. Managing urban areas has

This helpdesk report reviews ten national social protection strategies (published between 2011-2019) in order to map their content, scope, development processes and measures of success. Each strategy was strongly shaped by its local context (e.g. how social development was defined, development priorities and existing capacity and resources) but there were also many observed similarities (e.g. shared values, visions for social protection). The search focused on identifying strategies with a strong social assistance remit from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), Sub-Sarahan African and Sout