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1
Maderspacher, Alois. "The National Archives of Cameroon in Yaoundé and Buea." History in Africa 36 (2009): 453–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hia.2010.0009.
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Even in learned journals on African and imperial history, few references have been made to the records contained in the archives in Cameroon, West Africa. Kamerun was a German colony (Schutzgebiet) from 1884-1916/19. In 1911, the Germans took over New Cameroon (Neu Kamerun), 295,000 km2 of land of French Equatorial Africa, ceded during the second Morocco Crisis. After World War I this transaction was reversed and the German colony was separated into French and British League of Nations Mandates in 1919. These mandates were transformed into United Nations Trusteeships in 1946. Finally, French Cameroun became independent in 1960, and after a plebiscite in 1961, one part of the British Cameroons joined Nigeria and the other part reunited with the formerly French part, now the independent Federal Republic of Cameroon.Due to the involvement of three colonial powers in Cameroon, the national archives in Yaoundé and Buea are an excellent source for the colonial history of West Africa, allowing for a simultaneous analysis of German, French, and British files. Whereas the colonial files in the European archives mainly give us the point of view of high politics, the archives in Cameroon offer a different dimension. The files reveal the intricacies of the colonial system on the ground, and the problems with which the colonial administrator had to cope in the bush: How did one introduce European legal tender in a territory never touched by Europeans before? How did one cope with the colonial rivals, who were couching at the frontiers to take over the territory? How did one attempt to win peoples' hearts and minds day in and day out? What happened when the new colonial power took over a territory with an already developed administration from another colonial power, as it took place in Cameroon in 1911 and 1916/19? The national archives of Cameroon contain potential answers to these questions. Hence this paper will focus on the sources that are available for the colonial period in these archives.
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Kah, Henry Kam. "Sites and objects, indigenous library and the history of Laimbwe, Cameroon." Afrika Focus 30, no. 1 (February 26, 2017): 53–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-03001005.
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This study focuses on the construction of the history of the Laimbwe people of Cameroon through indigenous methods of enquiry and/or epistemologies. These include analyses of surviving historical objects, sites and artefacts from the pre-colonial period to the reunification of British Southern Cameroons with the Cameroun Republic in 1961. Some traditional items of the Laimbwe people of Cameroon and existing artefacts as well as sites reveal a very rich history with information that Western and conventional research have not vividly captured. In this paper, we reflect on the salience of these sources in understanding the rich socio-cultural and political history of the Laimbwe. There is a need to document this as an indigenous African library in this age of globalisation so that indigenous knowledge systems are disseminated to a wider academic audience. A construction of Laimbwe history through these indigenous forms of the library present them as new perspectives of local epistemologies beyond the capture of the western library introduced into Africa during the colonial period and even before. It continues to shape the way African national and local histories are written based on Western interpretations and or epistemologies.
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Amin, Julius A. "Sino-Cameroon Relations: A Foreign Policy of Pragmatism." African Studies Review 58, no. 3 (November 23, 2015): 171–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asr.2015.72.
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Abstract:Based on primary sources, including documents obtained from Cameroon’s Ministry of External Relations, oral interviews conducted in Cameroon, and local newspapers, and a variety of secondary sources, this article examines Cameroon’s foreign policy and economic relations with China. It argues that Cameroon’s engagement with China has resulted in short-term benefits for consumers but undermined long-term, sustainable economic development. The article concludes that unless China genuinely pursues its promised policies of “mutual respect” and “win–win gain,” voices of protest will only grow louder in Cameroon and other African nations.
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Eluke, Emmanuel Jabea. "THE ROLE OF THE US IN FINDING A SOLUTION TO THE CURRENT ANGLOPHONE CRISIS IN CAMEROON." Філософія та політологія в контексті сучасної культури 12, no. 1 (July 10, 2020): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/352022.
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The Anglophone Crisis is a conflict in the Southern Cameroons region of Cameroon, part of the long-standing Anglophone problem. The purpose of this study is to analyze the origin of the Anglophone problem in Cameroon. Equally, to identify and analyze the causes of the present Anglophone crisis in Cameroon and the rule of the US in finding a solution to the crisis. Research method was based on analyzing policy documents of US, Cameroon and the separatist of the Anglophone regions. Following up latest developments of the crisis was another main method used in the study. In September 2017, separatists in the Anglophone territories of Northwest Region and Southwest Region (collectively known as Southern Cameroons) declared the independence of Ambazonia and began fighting against the Government of Cameroon. Starting as a low-scale insurgency, the conflict spread to most parts of the Anglophone regions within a year. By the summer of 2019, the government controlled the major cities and parts of the countryside, while the separatists held parts of the countryside and regularly appeared in the major cities.The war has killed approximately 3,000 people and forced more than half a million people to flee their homes. Although 2019 has seen the first known instance of dialogue between Cameroon and the separatists, as well as a state-organized national dialogue and the granting of a special status to the Anglophone regions, the war continued to intensify in late 2019. The February 2020 Cameroonian parliamentary election brought further escalation, as the separatists became more assertive while Cameroon deployed additional forces. While the COVID-19 pandemic saw one armed group (SOCADEF) declare a unilateral ceasefire to combat the spread of the virus, other groups and the Cameroonian government ignored calls to follow suit and kept on fighting. With the enormous pressure by the US on the Cameroonian government, the government of Cameroon has not yet heed the call to stop fighting with the rebels of the Anglophone regions.
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GIBSON, GARY A. P. "Revision of Lutnes Cameron (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae)." Zootaxa 4415, no. 2 (April 30, 2018): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4415.2.5.
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Argaleostatus Gibson, 1995 is synonymized under Lutnes Cameron, 1884 (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae: Eupelminae) n. syn. and its type species, Eupelmus testaceus Cameron, 1884, is transferred to Lutnes as L. testaceus (Cameron) n. comb. The species of Lutnes are revised and six species are recognized, including the type species, Lutnes ornaticornis Cameron, 1884, plus L. testaceus, L. biguttatus (Girault, 1913), and three new species, L. aurantimacula Gibson n. sp. (Ecuador), L. infucatus Gibson n. sp. (Ecuador), and L. afrotropicus Gibson n. sp. (Cameroon). The first five species are based on females from the Neotropical region, whereas the last species is based on a female from Cameroon. This Afrotropical record is the first for the genus outside of the Neotropical region. Males are unrecognized for the genus. Monophyly and relationships of the genus are discussed and the species are keyed and illustrated through macrophotography.
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Fonyuy, Kelen Ernesta. "The rush for English education in urban Cameroon: sociolinguistic implications and prospects." English Today 26, no. 1 (February 23, 2010): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078409990289.
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The growing demand for English in parts of Cameroon that were once firmly under French influence.In the last decade, multilingual Cameroon has awoken to a new linguistic reality characterised by reconstructing linguistic identities in order to fit in the global space. This is seen in more and more urban Francophones pursuing English medium education and the Anglophones consolidating their identity alignment to the English language. From a sociolinguistic perspective, this paper evaluates the prominence and implications and prospects of this rush for English education in contemporary urban Cameroon. The case study method and cost-benefit analysis confirm that there is a fast growing interest in English medium education and the beginnings of English as an L1 in urban Cameroon. The result is a paradoxical sociolinguistic outcome: first of all, there is a shift by the majority Francophone group, who are shifting from a predominantly French medium to an English medium education, principally for economic benefits. Secondly, the Anglophones are increasingly shifting to English as an L1, without losing French as they live in basically French-speaking urban zones. This state of language shift implies that there will subsequently be bilingualism without diglossia in Cameroon's two official languages, and loss of the long-standing French language hegemony in Cameroon. At the same time, this shift threatens Cameroon's ancestral languages, forcing them increasingly into attrition and possibly endangerment.
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Eta, Elizabeth Agbor, Johanna Kallo, and Risto Rinne. "Process of transfer and reception of Bologna Process ideas in the Cameroon higher education system." European Educational Research Journal 17, no. 5 (September 29, 2017): 656–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474904117733376.
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The Bologna Process (BP), which created the European Higher Education Area, has had a profound impact on educational systems in Europe and beyond, as far as Cameroon. Through thematic analysis of interviews and text documents, this article examines the adoption of BP ideas in Cameroon with a focus on the transfer and local reception to the adoption. This article shows that the adoption in Cameroon is found to continue a process that began with the adoption of the BP at the Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CEMAC) by the CEMAC heads of state, leading to its subsequent imposition on universities in Cameroon. The present findings show that, although imposed on the universities, the adoption of the BP found some support in Cameroon because of its potential to resolve the country’s higher education challenges. However, because of Cameroon’s dual French and Anglo-Saxon education system, some interviewees expressed scepticism about the adopted approaches, primarily because they appeared French driven. The article highlights some of the complexities and tensions associated with introducing a borrowed model to a dual system of education such as that in Cameroon.
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TERRETTA, MEREDITH. "CAMEROONIAN NATIONALISTS GO GLOBAL: FROM FOREST MAQUIS TO A PAN-AFRICAN ACCRA." Journal of African History 51, no. 2 (July 2010): 189–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853710000253.
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ABSTRACTThis article reassesses the political alternatives imagined by African nationalists in the ‘first wave’ of Africa's decolonization through the lens of Cameroonian nationalism. After the proscription of Cameroon's popular nationalist movement, the Union des Populations du Cameroun (UPC), in the mid-1950s, thousands of Cameroonian nationalists went into exile, most to Accra, where they gained the support of Kwame Nkrumah's Pan-African Bureau for African Affairs. The UPC's external support fed Cameroon's internal maquis (as UPC members called the underground resistance camps within the territories), rooted in culturally particular conceptions of freedom and sovereignty. With such deeply local and broadly international foundations, the political future that Cameroonian nationalists envisaged seemed achievable: even after the Cameroon territories' official independence, UPC nationalists kept fighting. But, by the mid-1960s, postcolonial states prioritized territorial sovereignty over ‘African unity’ and Ghana's support of the UPC became unsustainable, leading to the movement's disintegration.
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Onana, Jean Michel. "The World Flora Online 2020 project: will Cameroon come up to the expectation?" Rodriguésia 66, no. 4 (2015): 961–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201566403.
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Abstract Biodiverse Cameroon has been highlighted as the top country in tropical Africa for plant species diversity per degree square, with a higher diversity than all other West African countries added together, and including two of the top documented centres of plant diversity in Tropical Africa. Despite its reduced taxonomic capacity, with only six active taxonomists a high level of botanical activity in the country has resulted in accomplishments such as the databasing of the YA Herbarium (over 60,000 records), which has an in-country collection coverage of almost 95% of the known plant species that are recorded for Cameroon. Other accomplishments are the Red Data Book of the Flowering Plants of Cameroon, several local checklists and published volumes of the Flore du Cameroun which covers 37% of the country's species. Currently the checklist of Cameroon records 7,850 taxa at species and infraspecific level. Resources are needed to support and heighten the profile of this small botanical community. Already thanks to strong collaboration between Cameroon and renowned botanical institutes of others countries, in particular France and United Kingdom, one hundred and thirteen plant families have been published and would help this country to complete the recording of its biodiversity towards contributing to the World Flora Online 2020 project.
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Runcie, Sarah C. "Decolonizing “La Brousse”." French Politics, Culture & Society 38, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 126–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fpcs.2020.380207.
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This article examines French responses to transnational influences on medical education and rural health in Cameroon in the era of decolonization. As international organizations became increasingly involved in Cameroon in the postwar period, French military doctors claimed authority through specific expertise on medicine in the African “bush.” After Cameroon became independent, however, the building of new medical school became a focus of French anxieties about maintaining power in new African institutions of technical expertise and knowledge production. While scholars have begun to foreground the international context of Franco-African relations after independence, this article reveals how the distinct politics of Cameroon’s decolonization, growing out of its history as a United Nations (UN) trust territory, shaped French approaches to medical institutions there. Moreover, negotiations over the future of rural medicine in Cameroon highlighted the ways in which the approaches championed by French doctors relied on colonial authority itself.
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Dicklitch, Susan. "The Southern Cameroons and minority rights in Cameroon." Journal of Contemporary African Studies 29, no. 1 (January 2011): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02589001.2011.533059.
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Tabuwe, Manka E., Henry Z. Muluh, Enoh Tanjong, Patience Akpan-Obong, Lawrence Sikali, Augustine Ngongban, Ajibike Olubunmi Itegboje, Kibily Demba Samake, and Victor Wacham A. Mbarika. "Gendering Technologies: Women In Cameroons Pink-Collar ICT Work." International Journal of Management & Information Systems (IJMIS) 17, no. 4 (September 29, 2013): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/ijmis.v17i4.8097.
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This paper examines the rise of low-skilled, low-paying, female dominated jobs in Cameroons information and communication technology (ICT) sector. It seeks to understand why and how women (mostly between the ages of 18 and 35) seem to be naturally drawn to these jobs, described in the literature as pink-collar jobs. Through interviews with ICT workers and observations at ICT training centers and call centers in Buea, a major city in the Southwest Region of Cameroon, the paper explores the factors that hinder womens entry into more technical ICT jobs in Cameroon. It concludes that some of these factors, such as the prior income level of female ICT workers and the absence of female instructors at ICT training centers, further reinforce gender-based job classifications and the rise of ghettoization in Cameroons ICT sector.
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Vircoulon, Thierry. "Cameroon." World Policy Journal 32, no. 2 (2015): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0740277515591549.
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Taku, Norman Adze. "CAMEROON." Human Rights Law in Africa Online 2, no. 1 (2004): 939–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221160604x01124.
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Human Rights Law in Africa, Editors. "CAMEROON." Human Rights Law in Africa Online 3, no. 1 (1998): 260–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221160698x00276.
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Aquarone, Marie-Christine. "Cameroon." Index on Censorship 14, no. 5 (October 1985): 24–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03064228508533950.
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Ayissi, Isidore, Gabriel Hoinsoudé Segniagbeto, and Koen Van Waerebeek. "Rediscovery of Cameroon Dolphin, the Gulf of Guinea Population of Sousa teuszii (Kükenthal, 1892)." ISRN Biodiversity 2014 (March 23, 2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/819827.
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Since the 1892 discovery of the Atlantic humpback dolphin Sousa teuszii (Delphinidae), a species endemic to coastal western Africa, from a skull collected in Cameroon, not a single record has been documented from the country or neighbouring countries. Increasing concern about the continued existence of the Gulf of Guinea population of S. teuszii or “Cameroon dolphin” prompted an exploratory survey in May 2011. Shore-based effort, on foot (30.52 km; 784 min), yielded no observations. Small boat-based surveys (259.1 km; 1008 min) resulted in a single documented sighting of ca. 10 (8–12) Cameroon dolphins in shallow water off an open sandy shore near Bouandjo in Cameroon's South Region. The combination of a low encounter rate of 3.86 individuals (100 km)−1 suggesting low abundance and evidence of both fisheries-caused mortality and of habitat encroachment raises concerns about the Cameroon dolphin's long-term conservation prospect. Our results add to indications concerning several other S. teuszii populations that the IUCN status designation of the species as “Vulnerable” may understate its threat level.
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Márquez, Rafael. "‘Chants d’Amphibiens du Cameroun’ songs of amphibians of Cameroon." Bioacoustics 28, no. 4 (April 4, 2018): 364–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09524622.2018.1458250.
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Onana, Jean-Michel, Jean Louis Fobane, Elvire Hortense Biye, Eric Ngansop Tchatchouang, and Marguérite Marie Abada Mbolo. "Habitats naturels des écosystèmes du Cameroun." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 13, no. 7 (February 13, 2020): 3247–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v13i7.22.
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Dans le cadre de la Stratégie et le Plan d’Action National sur la Biodiversité, afin d’améliorer la compréhension et la documentation des écosystèmes, l’objectif de cette étude est l’identification et la cartographie les habitats naturels du Cameroun. Les matériels utilisés ont été les référentiels constitués de la classification standard des habitats de l’Union Internationale pour la Conservation de la Nature (UICN) pour la nomenclature, et les cartes phytogéographique, du relief et de l’hydrographie pour les habitats terrestres et aquatiques pour les cartes thématiques respectivement. Les méthodes ont été d’adapter la classification de l’UICN à celle des phytochories pour la nomenclature ; et la fabrique des délimitations sur des fonds de cartes existantes pour la cartographie. Les résultats obtenus sont la reconnaissance de différents types d’habitats naturels du Cameroun : trois cartes qui présentent les délimitations des habitats naturels terrestres par écosystème, et aquatiques par bassin hydrographique ; et que la répartition des habitats terrestres est corrélée avec la nature des sols. Ces données complètent les connaissances sur les écosystèmes et sont un outil pour l’application de l’approche par écosystème. C’est une contribution à la cartographie des milieux naturels du Cameroun en rapport avec la gestion durable de la biodiversité.Mots clés. Cameroun, habitat naturel, écosystème, phytochorie, hydrographie, cartographie. English Title: Natural habitats of the ecosystems of CameroonWithin the framework of the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan, to improve the understanding and documentation of the ecosystems, the objectives of this study are the identification and the mapping of natural habitats of Cameroon. The materials used have been the referentials made up of the classification standard scheme of the habitats of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) for nomenclature, and the phytogeographic, relief and hydrography maps for terrestrial and aquatic habitats respectively. The methods have been to adapt the IUCN classification to that of phytochoria for nomenclature; and fabricate boundaries on existing maps for cartography. The results obtain are the recognition of different natural habitat types in Cameroon: three maps showing the boundaries of terrestrial natural habitats by ecosystem, and aquatic by watershed; and that the distribution of terrestrial habitats is correlated with the nature of the soil. These data improve the knowledge on ecosystems, and are an instrument for the implementation of the ecosystem approach. It’s a contribution to the mapping of natural environments of Cameroon in relation with the sustainable management of the biodiversity.Keywords: Cameroon, natural habitat, ecosystem, phytochoria, hydrography, mapping
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Ngefac, Aloysius, and Bonaventure M. Sala. "Cameroon Pidgin and Cameroon English at a confluence." English World-Wide 27, no. 2 (July 6, 2006): 217–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.27.2.06nge.
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The paper argues that Cameroon Pidgin, a simplified language that displayed a unique peculiarity in the yesteryears, is now giving up most of its phonological peculiarities and embracing those of the variety of English spoken in Cameroon. An analysis of the speech of 150 educated Cameroon Pidgin speakers, randomly selected, shows that such phonological processes as heavy infiltration of sounds from indigenous Cameroonian languages, rampant consonant cluster simplification through vowel epenthesis and other segmental peculiarities which characterized Cameroon Pidgin by 1960, as depicted in Schneider (1960), are by far less perceivable in current Cameroon Pidgin usage. It is demonstrated that the feeling that Pidgin is an inferior language has caused Cameroon Pidgin speakers to opt for the “modernization” of the language using English language canons, instead of preserving the state of the language as it was in the yesteryears. It is therefore predicted that Cameroon Pidgin and Cameroon English will sooner or later be in a continuum.
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Delancey, Mark D. "The Spread of the Sooro." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 71, no. 2 (June 1, 2012): 168–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2012.71.2.168.
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The Sooro, the pillared entrance hall to the majority of palaces now existing in northern Cameroon, is an important index of political change in this region. The Spread of the Sooro: Symbols of Power in the Sokoto Caliphate traces the proliferation of sooroji from the time that Fulbe conquerors incorporated this region within the Sokoto caliphate in the early nineteenth century until Cameroon’s independence in 1960. The status of Fulbe rulers who conquered the region was not high enough to employ the political symbolism of the sooro, but the use of this building type spread quickly after German colonial borders separated northern Cameroon from the rest of the caliphate in 1901. Eventually the form expanded beyond the boundaries of the Fulbe and spread among non-Fulbe rulers. By explaining the changes in the form and political symbolism of the sooro, Mark DeLancey argues that it was a symbol of power spread in direct relation to the loss of real political power of rulers in colonial northern Cameroon.
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Amin, Julius A. "Cameroon's relations toward Nigeria: a foreign policy of pragmatism." Journal of Modern African Studies 58, no. 1 (February 20, 2020): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x19000545.
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AbstractExisting literature argues that the tactics of Cameroon foreign policy have been conservative, weak and timid. This study refutes that perspective. Based on extensive and previously unused primary sources obtained from Cameroon's Ministry of External Relations and from the nation's archives in Buea and Yaoundé, this study argues that Cameroon's foreign policy was neither timid nor makeshift. Its strategy was one of pragmatism. By examining the nation's policy toward Nigeria in the reunification of Cameroon, the Nigerian civil war, the Bakassi Peninsula crisis and Boko Haram, the study maintains that, while the nation's policy was cautious, its leaders focused on the objectives and as a result scored major victories. The study concludes by suggesting that President Paul Biya invokes the same skills he used in foreign policy to address the ongoing Anglophone problem, a problem that threatens to unravel much of what the country has accomplished.
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Bang, Henry, Lee Miles, and Richard Gordon. "Evaluating local vulnerability and organisational resilience to frequent flooding in Africa: the case of Northern Cameroon." foresight 21, no. 2 (April 8, 2019): 266–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/fs-06-2018-0068.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate local vulnerability and organisational resilience including coping/adaptive capacity to climate risks, specifically frequent flooding in Northern Cameroon. Design/methodology/approach The research is exploratory/deductive and draws upon qualitative methods, secondary and empirical techniques supplemented by semi-structured qualitative interviews with senior disaster managers. Secondary information sources, which include peer review articles, government reports/plans, newspaper articles and other grey literature, enhanced the analysis. Findings The research findings have unveiled the physical and social vulnerability of Northern Cameroon to frequent flooding. Results also show that institutional performance for flood management in Cameroon is ineffective, and adaptive capacity is highly deficient. Cameroon’s legislative framework for flood management is weak, and this exacerbates the poor implementation of structural and non-structural flood management measures. Results also indicate issues with relief, evacuation and foreign assistance in flood management. Recommendations that focus on enhancing capacity of response to frequent flooding via reducing vulnerabilities, managing resilience and enhancing adaptive capacity are provided. Originality/value Using Gallopin’s (2006) model of vulnerability, this paper makes a distinct contribution by offering insights into the role of adaptive capacity in disaster management systems in developing (African) countries via an evaluation of vulnerabilities and organisational resilience to repeated flooding in Northern Cameroon.
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Djemmo, Arnaud. "Trade Facilitation and Performance of Manufacturing Exports from Cameroon." Journal of International Business and Economy 14, no. 1 (July 1, 2013): 49–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.51240/jibe.2013.1.3.
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Cameroon’s “Vision 2035” considers the increase of manufacturing exports as the key factor of its “emergence” in 2035. In this context, measures to reduce manufacturing production and export costs should be taken with primary attention to reforms in trade facilitation. We use an augmented gravity model to evaluate the impact of five trade facilitation measures - port efficiency, customs efficiency, regulatory environment, use of ICT and quality of roads - on the performance of the manufacturing exports from Cameroon. Our results confirm the positive role of physical infrastructures on African exports. Using the Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood to deal with the presence of “zero” in our bilateral trade matrix, we find that port efficiency and quality of roads are the main drivers of trade facilitation in Cameroon.
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Kidmo, Dieudonné Kaoga, Kodji Deli, and Bachirou Bogno. "Status of renewable energy in Cameroon." Renewable Energy and Environmental Sustainability 6 (2021): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/rees/2021001.
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Globally, the continuous increase of energy consumption coupled with the depletion of the limited fossil fuel sources and their negative impacts on the environment, has shifted focus towards renewables for a sustainable development. For the last fifteen years, the world has enjoyed renewables generation capacity increases in a double-digit Terawatt-hours range. Although renewables consumption is fast developing in Asia Pacific, Europe and North America, significant coordination efforts are required among stakeholders in sub-Saharan Africans countries such as Cameroon. In 2018, the total final energy consumption in Cameroon was 7.41 Mtoe, 74.22% of which was from biomass, 18.48% from fossil fuels and 7.30% from electricity. Furthermore, 6977 GWh of electricity was produced, 78.29% of which from the major electricity operator (ENEO S.A. Cameroon) and 21.71% from independent producers (GLOBELEQ, ALTAAQA Sinohydro China and AGGREKO). More than three quarter of electricity produced were consumed by industry (57.04%) and residential (20.74%) sectors. The country's installed electricity generation capacity rose to 1402 MW, 56.15% of which was from hydropower, 43.84% from fossil fuels (17.55% from natural gas and 26.29% from oil) and 0.01% from solar photovoltaic. The promotion of renewable energy is an important part of Cameroon's plan to increase energy security and provide job opportunities to the country. Yet, the lack of proactive and long-term renewable energy policy and laws, in addition to less attention paid to renewable energy training and research, financing mechanisms, and unaffordable costs of renewable energy technologies to the poor population are amongst present issues hindering the development of renewable energy in the country. Hence, this paper aims to highlight the present status of renewable energy exploitation and development in Cameroon.
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Ojong, Nathanael. "Gender, the state, and informal self-employment." International Journal of Social Economics 44, no. 11 (November 6, 2017): 1456–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-03-2016-0095.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the intersection of formality, informality, structures of power, gender, and social norms in the mobile telecommunication industry in Cameroon, and to investigate the reasons for the over-representation of informal self-employed women at the base of the mobile telecommunication industry in the country. Design/methodology/approach This is a qualitative study using interviews and observations. Findings Cameroon’s mobile telecommunication industry is a “spaghetti bowl” where formality, informality, gender, structures of power, and social norms are intertwined. In Cameroon’s mobile telecommunication industry, there is no static division between formality and informality, rather, there is a connection between formality and informality to ensure the unity and totality of the airtime credit distribution system. Self-employment in the mobile telecommunication industry is gendered. Originality/value Analysing the intersection of gender, class, formality, informality, social norms, and structures of power in the functioning of the mobile telecommunication industry in the Cameroon is original.
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McDowell, Peggy. "Cameroon Art." African Arts 18, no. 3 (May 1985): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3336366.
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Tambi, F. T. "The Cameroon." Tropical Doctor 24, no. 1 (January 1994): 25–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004947559402400112.
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Orock, Rogers Tabe Egbe. "WELCOMING THE ‘FON OF FONS’: ANGLOPHONE ELITES AND THE POLITICS OF HOSTING CAMEROON'S HEAD OF STATE." Africa 84, no. 2 (April 9, 2014): 226–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972013000776.
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ABSTRACTThis article draws on a political ethnography of the hosting of state ceremonies to engage with erstwhile theoretical accounts of African politics as highly patrimonial and built on a social complicity between African rulers and their citizens. The article examines the patrimonial relationship between Cameroon's head of state, Paul Biya, and political elites of local ethno-regional communities who support the president within the framework of the Cameroon People's Democratic Movement (CPDM) in Anglophone Cameroon. It approaches such elite politics of hosting as part of the vast cultural repertoire of patrimonial domination that emphasizes a spectacularization of proximity and intimacy between the head of state and his coterie of supporting elites as the latter seek development resources for their local and regional communities in exchange for their political support. To account for hosting as a practice of patrimonial elite politics, the article demonstrates the complex logics and pragmatics of ethnic and regional competition as well as the deployment of symbolic idioms of hierarchical relations, mutuality and interdependence in the cultural performance and legitimation of Biya's patrimonial domination of Cameroon.
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HASSANA, HASSANA. "ANALYSE LEXICO-SÉMANTIQUE DES EXPRESSIONS COLONIALES SUR LES TIMBRES-POSTE." FRANCISOLA 2, no. 1 (July 5, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/francisola.v2i1.7522.
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RÉSUMÉ. Ce travail étudie, du point de vue lexico-sémantique, les mots et les expressions sur les timbres-poste. De manière spécifique, il s’agit d’appréhender l’histoire véhiculée par les mots gravés sur les productions philatéliques en circulation au Cameroun pendant la domination allemande, anglaise et française. Sur le plan théorique, cette étude s’inscrit dans le champ de la lexicologie et de la sémantique. L’approche lexicale décrit la structure et la formation des mots en langue allemande, anglaise et française. La démarche sémantique par contre questionne le sens des mots et des discours idéologiques. Sur le plan méthodologique, nous nous appuyons sur un corpus constitué des productions philatéliques. Par le biais de ce corpus, nous focalisons notre attention sur l’interprétation des mots ou des expressions sur les timbres, en mettant en exergue les grandes séquences de l’histoire coloniale au Cameroun. L’intérêt de ce travail est d’interroger l’histoire coloniale sous le prisme des expressions reproduites sur les timbres-poste.Mots-clés : cameroun, colonisation, histoire, lexicologie, philatélie, timbres-poste, sémantique. ABSTRACT. This work studies, from lexico-semantic point of view, the words and expressions on postage stamps. Specifically, it is a question of apprehending the history conveyed by the words engraved on the philatelic productions circulating in Cameroon during the German, English and French domination. From a theoretical point of view, this study falls within the field of lexicology and semantics. The lexical approach describes the structure and formation of words in German, English and French. The semantic approach, on the other hand, questions the meaning of words and ideological discourses. On the methodological level, we rely on a corpus of philatelic productions. Through this corpus, we focus our attention on the interpretation of words or expressions on stamps, highlighting the great sequences of colonial history in Cameroon. The interest of this work is to question the colonial history under the prism of the expressions reproduced on the postage stamps.Keywords: Cameroon, colonization, history, lexicology, philately, postage stamps, semantics.
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Ngimanang, Victalice Achamoh, and Ibrahim Ngouhouo. "Does Financial Liberalization and Investment Rate Affect Financial Development in Cameroon?" International Journal of Economics and Finance 8, no. 2 (January 24, 2016): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v8n2p136.
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This study investigates the key determining factors of financial development using Cameroons time series data from 1977 to 2010. After over-viewing the financial market and financial development in Cameroon and exploring some relevant literature, the study specifies and estimates long- and short-run functions for financial development using co-integration and error correction techniques. Financial liberalization, Gross investment rate, GDP growth rate, inflation rate and government spending appear to significantly influence the level of credit to the private sector in Cameroon. Gross investment rate significantly promotes financial development in the long- and short run whereas financial liberalization significantly contributes to private credit only in the short run. These results suggest that the efficiency of the financial sector in allocating credit to the private sector could be enhanced by encouraging gross investment in the short and long run and equally by liberalising the financial sector in the short run.
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Fry, Lincoln J. "The Search for a Culture of Bribery in Cameroon." World Journal of Social Science Research 3, no. 2 (May 6, 2016): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/wjssr.v3n2p185.
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<p><em>Introduction:<strong> </strong>This paper addresses systematic corruption in Cameroon. Based on the literature review and a previous study, the research question was “does a culture of bribery exist in Cameroon, and what are its predictors? Method and materials</em><em>:</em><em> Data for this study was collected by the Afrobarometer project from 1,200 Cameroonian respondents Based on self-reported data, the research attempted to determine the volume of bribes paid by respondents to receive public services. Results: Overall, the findings revealed the existence of a culture of bribery in Cameroon; forty-five percent of the respondents reported paying bribes within the last year and 30 percent reported paying two or more bribes in that same time period. Logistical regression analysis revealed that 7 variables were significant predictors of payment of bribes. Being the victim of a property crime was the strongest predictor, which, in turn, drew attention to the role of the police in Cameroon’s bribery culture.</em><em></em></p>
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Tatchou Nounkeu, Christian. "Political communication strategies of sub-Saharan Africa nationalist movements in the era of (de)colonization: The case of the UPC in Cameroon (1948‐56)." Journal of African Media Studies 12, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jams_00015_1.
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This article is about the political communication strategies of the Union des Populations du Cameroun (UPC), a political party in Cameroon which fought for the independence of the country. We particularly focus on the communication channels used by the UPC to transmit political messages, in a context marked by severe administrative repression and restrictions of freedom of press and expression. Theoretically, our article relies on the concept of media system. Methodologically, we use text analysis to map the choices of the UPC. The period of analysis ranges from 1948 when the UPC was created to 1956 when the party was banned by the colonial authorities. The results show that the political communication strategy of the UPC mainly gave preference to letter writing to mobilize the masses. In addition, the UPC owned several newspapers to cover its activities and criticize the French colonial administration in Cameroon.
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El Khatib, Bassel, and Ludek Sisak. "Productivity of Palm Oil Extraction Technology in Cameroon." Agricultura Tropica et Subtropica 47, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ats-2014-0007.
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Abstract Agriculture and forestry remain the leading sectors in Cameroon, accounting for some 36% of the merchandise exports and for more than 40% of GDP in 1998/99. Agriculture alone accounts for more than 30% of GDP and provides employment for about 68% of the active population. The Cameroon government and industry stakeholders have continuingly expressed concern about the impact of rising food import on the local industries and the rural communities especially as vegetable oils, particularly the palm oil, has a vital role to play not only as nutritional source for the Cameroon population, but for their contribution to rural incomes and employment opportunities. Particularly, Cameroon government is expecting a significant progress in implementation of new oil extraction technology where mainly in the palm oil processing technology the value added chain in this commodity is expected. Cameroon’s oil palm industry still plays a significant role in the national economy, providing oil for house hold consumption, industrial use as well as employment for thousands of Cameroonians who are engaged in production, processing and marketing. This project aims at bringing clarity on to what extent the up to date oil extraction processing technology installed in a concrete rural district, and under a clear management and regulatory structure and environment, outperforms in terms of productivity (tons of palm oil produced), quality (price of the crude palm oil) and income generation, the existing traditional manual processing palm oil producing system. The methodology applied within this study consists of comparing key indicators across populations of small scale palm oil processors in interaction with traditional non sophisticated technology with different work environment, production capacity, socio-economic status and income levels (cross-sectional statistical analysis)
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Deribe, Kebede, Jorge Cano, Abdel Jelil Njouendou, Mathias Esum Eyong, Amuam Andrew Beng, Emanuele Giorgi, David M. Pigott, et al. "Predicted distribution and burden of podoconiosis in Cameroon." BMJ Global Health 3, no. 3 (June 2018): e000730. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2018-000730.
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IntroductionUnderstanding the number of cases of podoconiosis, its geographical distribution and the population at risk are crucial to estimating the burden of this disease in endemic countries. We assessed each of these using nationwide data on podoconiosis prevalence in Cameroon.MethodsWe analysed data arising from two cross-sectional surveys in Cameroon. The dataset was combined with a suite of environmental and climate data and analysed within a robust statistical framework, which included machine learning-based approaches and geostatistical modelling. The environmental limits, spatial variation of predicted prevalence, population at risk and number of cases of podoconiosis were each estimated.ResultsA total of 214 729 records of individuals screened for podoconiosis were gathered from 748 communities in all 10 regions of Cameroon. Of these screened individuals, 882 (0.41%; 95% CI 0.38 to 0.44) were living with podoconiosis. High environmental suitability for podoconiosis was predicted in three regions of Cameroon (Adamawa, North West and North). The national population living in areas environmentally suitable for podoconiosis was estimated at 5.2 (95% CI 4.7 to 5.8) million, which corresponds to 22.3% of Cameroon’s population in 2015. Countrywide, in 2015, the number of adults estimated to be suffering from podoconiosis was 41 556 (95% CI, 1170 to 240 993). Four regions (Central, Littoral, North and North West) contributed 61.2% of the cases.ConclusionIn Cameroon, podoconiosis is more widely distributed geographically than was initially expected. The number of cases and the population at risk are considerable. Expanding morbidity management and follow-up of cases is of utmost necessity. Promotion of footwear use and regular foot hygiene should be at the forefront of any intervention plan.
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Déruelle, Bernard, Jean N'ni, and Robert Kambou. "Mount Cameroon: an active volcano of the Cameroon Line." Journal of African Earth Sciences (1983) 6, no. 2 (January 1987): 197–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(87)90061-3.
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Enonchong, Laura-Stella Eposi. "Judicial Independence and Accountability in Cameroon: Balancing a Tenuous Relationship." African Journal of Legal Studies 5, no. 3 (2012): 313–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17087384-12342013.
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Abstract This article examines Cameroon’s approach to judicial accountability focusing on its political accountability to the executive. The article contends that the judiciary in Cameroon is excessively accountable to the executive, a position which has resulted to the absence of judicial independence. It also contends that a constitutional reform is necessary to restructure the relationship between the executive and the judiciary and to reform the institutions of judicial insulation in order to provide adequate balance between independence and accountability.
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Nfobin, Eric Herman Ngwa. "The Push to Protect the Oneness of English as a Judicial Language in the Southern Cameroons Jurisdiction of Cameroon." International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 26, no. 4 (August 30, 2019): 503–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718115-02604001.
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The February 2015 crisis whether both official languages, French and English, be used in proceedings in the Anglophone jurisdiction practicing common law, was a reminder that the Cameroon concept of bilingualism still requires definition. At the simplest and most obvious level, the lawyers of the minority English-speaking jurisdiction were protesting against the introduction of a rival language, unfamiliar to their community. A second look unveils proofs of deeper malaise behind what is only the thin end of the wedge. In fact, there are conjoining components originating from misunderstandings traceable back to 1961 when the English-speaking Southern Cameroons and independent French-speaking Cameroon reunited. It is far from the dream that drove them to form a common entity. This article goes below the surface of these dissensions that amount to a veritable ‘Anglophone problem’, which if not properly understood and handled, and allowed to fester, can be the harbinger of disintegration.
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Kah, Henry Kam. "Sites and objects, indigenous library and the history of Laimbwe, Cameroon." Afrika Focus 30, no. 1 (February 24, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/af.v30i1.4977.
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This study focuses on the construction of the history of the Laimbwe people of Cameroon through indigenous methods of enquiry and/or epistemologies. These include analyses of surviving historical objects, sites and artefacts from the pre-colonial period to the reunfication of British Southern Cameroons with the Cameroun Republic in 1961. Some traditional items of the Laimbwe people of Cameroon and existing artefacts as well as sites reveal a very rich history with information that Western and conventional research have not vividly captured. In this paper, we reflect on the salience of these sources in understanding the rich socio-cultural and political history of the Laimbwe. There is a need to document this as an indigenous African library in this age of globali- sation so that indigenous knowledge systems are disseminated to a wider academic audience. A construction of Laimbwe history through these indigenous forms of the library present them as new perspectives of local epistemologies beyond the capture of the western library introduced into Africa during the colonial period and even before. It continues to shape the way African national and local histories are written based on Western interpretations and or epistemologies. Key words: sites, objects, history, Laimbwe, Cameroon
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"Report on Cameroon (Cameroon)." Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network 39, no. 3 (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.gvp.bgvn201403-224010.
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Loveline, Yaro. "Optimising Post-Colonial Bilingual Education in Cameroon’s Primary and Secondary Schools: A Critic on School Practice." Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies, July 21, 2020, 39–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajess/2020/v9i330250.
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The post-colonial period was a turning point in Cameroon’s educational system. Since Independence and Reunification in 1960-61, the various governments of the Federal Republic of Cameroon, the United Republic of Cameroon and the Republic of Cameroon have been committed to the development of Education. Significant resources have been invested in this course geared towards improved education quality in both sub-sectors of Primary and Secondary Education. The Ministries of Primary and Secondary Education continue to be amongst the top ministries to receive the highest allocation from the state budget with 19.7% in 2010 and 16.3% in 2011 (Cameroon, 2015). However, there still exist challenges to quality education in Cameroon that the government has continued to address through, formation of commission, committees, and taskforces that have influenced curriculum policy formulation and implementation. In this respect, the formulation of education policy of bilingualism to use in the teaching and learning in Cameroon schools has been one of the main concerns of education in Cameroon. There is therefore need to asses and monitor progress of how this has guided teaching and learning in schools. How this policy has evolved overtime and especially how it is serving the purpose for which it was formulated. Using the Historical approach this study provides an opportunity to critically examine the efforts made in Cameroon in implementing the policy of bilingualism formulated for teaching in primary and secondary schools after independence and reunification. It sheds light in the meaning of bilingualism in the context of school application and broadens discussions on challenges faced by stakeholders in the implementation process. Furthermore, as the country, looks towards the achievement of the millennium development goals and education for sustainable development, the study provides recommendations to optimize bilingualism in Schools in Cameroon.