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1
Amin, Julius A. "Sino-Cameroon Relations: A Foreign Policy of Pragmatism." African Studies Review 58, no. 3 (2015): 171–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asr.2015.72.
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Abstract:Based on primary sources, including documents obtained from Cameroon’s Ministry of External Relations, oral interviews conducted in Cameroon, and local newspapers, and a variety of secondary sources, this article examines Cameroon’s foreign policy and economic relations with China. It argues that Cameroon’s engagement with China has resulted in short-term benefits for consumers but undermined long-term, sustainable economic development. The article concludes that unless China genuinely pursues its promised policies of “mutual respect” and “win–win gain,” voices of protest will only grow louder in Cameroon and other African nations.
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Njoh, Ambe J. "Politico-economic determinants of forestry policy in Cameroon." GeoJournal 70, no. 2-3 (2007): 109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10708-008-9118-z.
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FUH KUM, George. "The Operation Green Revolution 1973-1986: Sustaining Cameroon’s Planned Development Precept." World Journal of Education and Humanities 3, no. 2 (2021): p63. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/wjeh.v3n2p63.
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This paper studies the Green Revolution and its input to Cameroon’s planned development agenda from 1973 to 1986. After attaining statehood, Cameroon like most African states, espoused strategies, aimed at enhancing its socio-economic developments. All these emerged from its foremost planned development policy, introduced in 1960. This policy initially laid emphasis on industrialisation, which was too costly and inert to spur socio-economic growth. Agriculture was thus reconsidered as the basis for real development in the country and the green revolution ideology was adopted to embolden this ambitious quest. Launched in 1973, the revolution did swiftly and hugely enhance Cameroon’s socio-economic development, but nevertheless faded due to obvious deficiencies and the setting in of the economic crunch in 1986. This paper argues that despite its merely ideological bearing and hasty end, the Green Revolution remained a very vital spur to Cameroon’s planned development programme and propounds perspectives for more enhancing inputs. It is built on primary and secondary data and analysed qualitatively.
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Hamann, Steffi. "Not home-made: Historical and contemporary social policy dynamics in Cameroon." Global Social Policy 20, no. 3 (2020): 286–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468018120923235.
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Social policy development trajectories in post-colonial sub-Saharan African states deviate from those in highly industrialized countries. Recent research endeavours established broad patterns of global interdependencies dating back to colonialism. This article contributes to these efforts by presenting a case study of the dynamics animating social policy development in Cameroon. It examines the progressive evolution of global determinants and their impacts on Cameroon’s welfare system over three periods: (1) decolonialization and post-colonial restructuring in the mid-20th century, (2) structural adjustment in response to the 1980s’ debt crisis and (3) the contemporary era of market liberalization driven by accelerated economic globalization. The research draws on a mixed-methods approach involving a document analysis and a survey administered in 400 rural households. Findings indicate that horizontal interdependencies were predominant in the establishment phase of Cameroon’s national social insurance scheme, but eventually gave way to vertical interdependencies in the 1980s. Recent efforts to advance economic liberalization represent a return to horizontal transnational forces, given the growing influence of multinational corporations on the country’s social security landscape. The study reinforces existing research insights in showing that, unlike social protection in the global north, social policy dynamics in Africa tend to actively contribute to the marginalization of underprivileged groups.
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Ofeh, Moses A., and Ali T. Muandzevara. "Investigating the Effects of Migrant Remittances on the Economic Growth of Cameroon." International Journal of Economics and Finance 9, no. 2 (2017): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v9n2p58.
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Low and unsteady economic growth rates and strategies for fostering growth are major issues of concern for Cameroon. The paper attempted to investigate the effects of remittances on the economic growth of Cameroon. To achieve the objective for a clearer understanding of the dynamics of migrant remittances in relation to economic growth in Cameroon, the least squares method of multiples regression was exploited to analysze data collected from 1980 to 2013. The results revealed that migrant remittances to the tune of 1.5% positively but insignificantly explained economic growth in Cameroon.Further, consumption expenditure; government expenditure and exports were found to positively but significantly explain growth while investment expenditure was found to positively but insignificantly determine growth. Only imports alone stood to negatively and significantly influence economic growth in Cameroon.The value of R-squared Adjusted showed that 85% of variation in GDP was explained by variations in the independent variables specified in the model. Therefore, any policy measure aimed at improving upon the level of economic growth in Cameroon must give consideration to migrant remittances.
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Fondja Wandji, Yris D. "Energy consumption and economic growth: Evidence from Cameroon." Energy Policy 61 (October 2013): 1295–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2013.05.115.
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Mbah, Mudoh, and Anna Franz. "Revitalization and Branding of Rural Communities in Cameroon Using a Circular Approach for Sustainable Development—A Proposal for the Batibo Municipality." Sustainability 13, no. 12 (2021): 6908. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13126908.
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Rural communities in Cameroon have high levels of poverty, poor living conditions and lagging sustainable development. Lack of economic, social and physical infrastructure opportunities make these communities unsustainable and impact the quality of life for residents. Existing conditions render these areas unattractive for visitors and external and local investors. Initiatives to reduce poverty and improve living standards have had limited impact to reducing poverty or improving quality of life. The recent signing of Cameroon’s decentralization law, giving authority for planning and investments to local council governments now provides an opportunity to rethink existing strategies. Using Batibo, a representative community in the north western region of Cameroon, this paper examines the status of development initiatives and identifies new priorities for planning and steps to improve economic status. Guided by the Theory of Ecological Design and Five Pillars of Economic Development, and using a circular city approach, this paper outlines a concept for town planning and architectural flagship projects that can project the image, culture and heritage of the community and strategies for improving markets. With decentralized governance and re-envisioned priorities, Batibo has an opportunity to become a prototype for sustainable development and model of a quality future in rural Cameroon.
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Harilal, Vyasha, and Tembi Tichaawa. "Community Perceptions of the Economic Impacts of Ecotourism in Cameroon." African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, no. 9(6) (December 15, 2020): 959–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.46222/ajhtl.19770720-62.
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This study aimed to investigate community perceptions of the economic impact of ecotourism in Cameroon. Using a mixed-method research approach, based on two case study areas (the Mount Cameroon National Park and the Douala Edéa Wildlife Reserve), community surveys were administered to 442 households. In addition, in-depth, face-to-face interviews were conducted with relevant key informants. Key findings suggest that, while respondents generally agreed that ecotourism has many positive economic benefits, such benefits are often concentrated at government level, or contained within privately owned businesses. The lack of benefit sharing can be attributed to the low level of involvement of locals in the sector, unsuitable management practices that promote neither inclusiveness, nor the nomination of locals as economic beneficiaries of the sector, and an absence of dedicated ecotourism policy to guide the overall development and management of the sector. The study recommends that policies and strategies that encourage local economic development from ecotourism be established in the country, to ensure that the appropriate structures are put in place for the equitable distribution of the economic benefits to locals.
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Ndenecho, Emmanuel Neba. "Economic value and management of mangrove forests in Cameroon." International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology 14, no. 6 (2007): 618–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504500709469759.
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Abega Ngono, Jean Marie, Célestin Chameni Nembua, and Moses Abit Ofeh. "Financing Enterprises to Boost Employment in Cameroon." International Journal of Economics and Finance 11, no. 10 (2019): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v11n10p77.
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Cameroon has 93969 different enterprises (NIS, 2010) operating in varied fields aimed at fostering economic growth. The enterprises confront challenges such as infrastructural weaknesses, unfavorable business climate and poor governance (World Bank, 2013), thus leading to disappointing results in terms of economic growth. Such a situation has attracted much attention from businessmen and policy-makers alike as to what to do in order to reverse the situation for favorable job creation and economic growth. The paper aims at examining the impact of external financing to enterprises in order to offer employment in Cameroon. Econometrically analyzing a sample of 180 loan recipients and 273 non-loan recipients, using the decomposition technique of Blinder-Oaxaca (1973), results show that enterprises that received external funding were more performing and creating jobs than those that did not, especially those operating in Yaoundé and Douala. A positive gap of total number of employees existed between loan and non-loan recipients estimated at 15 employees per enterprise. Also, such loans received positively amplify the actions of productive factors in Yaoundé and Douala considering the number of establishments and businesses. Equally, there exist a difference due to observable characteristics of enterprises and their coefficients, contributing 181.1 and 140.12% respectively for loan and non-loan recipients. We therefore recommend that the state, financial institutions and enterprises should work in synergy to collectively improve on enterprise financing so as to boost employment in Cameroon that can lead to economic growth.
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SUNDERLIN, W. D., O. NDOYE, H. BIKIÉ, N. LAPORTE, B. MERTENS, and J. POKAM. "Economic crisis, small-scale agriculture, and forest cover change in southern Cameroon." Environmental Conservation 27, no. 3 (2000): 284–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900000321.
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The rate of forest cover loss in the humid tropics of Cameroon is one of the highest in Central Africa. The aim of the large-scale, two-year research project described here was to understand the effect of the country's economic crisis and policy change on small-scale agricultural systems and land-clearing practices. Hypotheses were tested through surveys of more than 5000 households in 125 villages, and through time-series remote sensing analysis at two sites. The principal findings are that: (1) the rate of deforestation increased significantly in the decade after the 1986 onset of the crisis, as compared to the decade prior to the crisis; (2) the main proximate causes of this change were sudden rural population growth and a shift from production of cocoa and coffee to plantain and other food crops; and (3) the main underlying causes were macroeconomic shocks and structural adjustment policies that led to rural population growth and farming system changes. The implication of this study is that it is necessary to understand and anticipate the undesirable consequences of macroeconomic shocks and adjustment policies for forest cover. Such policies, even though they are often not formulated with natural resource consequences in mind, are often of greater relevance to the fate of forests than forest policy.
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Cockburn, John, Arnault Christian Emini, and Luca Tiberti. "Impacts of the global economic crisis and national policy responses on children in Cameroon." Canadian Journal of Development Studies / Revue canadienne d'études du développement 35, no. 3 (2014): 396–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02255189.2014.934212.
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Zemengue, J. "Training library staff in the Republic of Cameroon." Scientific and Technical Libraries, no. 10 (December 13, 2018): 116–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33186/1027-3689-2018-10-116-124.
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Negative trends in the system of library education in the Republic of Cameroon and their the exterior and intrinsic factors are examined. Among the exterior factors are: the low economic development of the country and the labor market; lack of efficient standards and laws and state regulation of education, culture and library activities; low literacy and education level; undeveloped information culture; severe natural and climatic conditions. Insufficient standard, regulation, methodological, staff and logistical support of library education, insufficient application of modern pedagogical and information and communication technologies of education make the intrinsic factors. The author also emphasizes that the exterior and intrinsic factors are interrelated and interdependent: developed information and communication technologies, finances and logistics of library professional education always depend on the country’s economic development, and library education legislation depends on the national policy for libraries and education, and this is true for the Republic of Cameroon. Until the negative factors are eliminated, the level of professional training of librarians and their professional motivation will remain low.
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Alobwede, Charles Esambe. "LINGUISTIC HYBRIDITY AND DEVELOPMENTAL PERSPECTIVES IN CAMEROON." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 9, no. 4 (2021): 501–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v9.i4.2021.3852.
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Language politics and the issue of official bilingualism have been factors in Cameroonian politics since the country obtained independence from its respective colonial masters. These phenomena have impacted not only on the operation of state institutions, but also on the cultural and linguistic make-up of the society. This has given birth to cultural and linguistic and perspectives in development. French and English, the two official languages of the country and a legacy of colonialism have created linguistic and sometimes political, social and cultural barriers. Bilingualism, a policy adopted by the government of Cameroon to achieve national unity and integration has often been criticized because of some of its shortcomings. However, this article seeks to prove that despite such shortcomings, cultural and bilingualism have positively impacted the political, historical, economic, social and cultural factors of development in Cameroon.
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Awazi, Nyong Princely, Lucie Felicite Temgoua, and Abubakar Ali Shidiki. "Examining Farmers’ Resilience to Climate Change and Policy Ramifications in North-West Cameroon." Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal 16, no. 1 (2021): 46–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.16.1.06.
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Over half of the world’s population depends on smallholder farms for their daily food needs. However, high levels of vulnerability and low levels of resilience to the adverse effects of climatic variations and changes constitute major threats to smallholder farms and farmers. It is within this context that this paper assessed the levels of resilience of smallholder farmers as well as the factors affecting smallholder farmers’ resilience to climate change in north western Cameroon. A mixed research approach was adopted during data collection, and data analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics. It was found that climate extremes were the order of the day, and farmers perceived income level, practice of agroforestry and land accessibility as the main determinants of resilience. The main resilience option practiced by most smallholder farmers was agroforestry. Chi-square and t-test statistics showed the existence of a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between smallholder farmers resilience to climate change and different environmental, institutional and socio-economic variables. Logistic regression coefficients showed the existence of a statistically significant cause-effect relationship (p<0.05) between farmers’ resilience to climate change and different environmental, institutional and socio-economic variables such as income level, land accessibility, credit accessibility, information accessibility and number of farms. From the foregoing, income level, land accessibility, credit accessibility, information accessibility and number of farms play a significant role towards enhancing smallholder farmers’ resilience to climate change. Policy makers therefore need to factor in these variables when crafting policies geared towards improving smallholder farmers’ resilience to climate change.
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Amungwa, Fonteh Athanasius. "Impact and Challenges of Centres for Education and Community Action in Cameroon’s North West Region." Journal of Education and Research 8, no. 2 (2018): 51–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jer.v8i2.27379.
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This paper examines the impact of community education and challenges facing Centres for Education and Community Action as a rural development strategy in Cameroon. The study was conducted in the North-West Region of Cameroon, employing field observations, semi-structured interviews with key informants using a convenient sampling technique and through elaborate review of documents. These research instruments were blended into what is termed triangulation and the data collected was analysed descriptively. The main focus of qualitative analysis is to understand the ways in which people act and the accounts that people give for their actions. This paper posits that extreme dependence on the provision of Western formal education cannot solve the problems of a rapidly changing society like Cameroon, which is facing a long-term economic crisis and persistent unemployment issues of graduates. Consequently, education should be redefined in the context of the prevailing economic crisis to make it responsive to the aspirations of rural communities. Findings showed that community education had contributed towards rural development immensely but has suffered many challenges due to neglect of the field in the policy agenda. This paper recommends the integration of community education with formal education to facilitate group and community betterment in particular and rural transformation in general.
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Kimengsi, Jude, Jürgen Pretzsch, Mukong Kechia, and Symphorien Ongolo. "Measuring Livelihood Diversification and Forest Conservation Choices: Insights from Rural Cameroon." Forests 10, no. 2 (2019): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10020081.
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While forests’ contribution to rural livelihoods has been unearthed scientifically, the patterns, determinants and forest conservation policy implications of livelihood diversification still beg for more scientific and policy edification. This paper makes a contribution in this regard, using household data (N = 200) from eight villages around the Kilum-Ijim Forest Landscape of Cameroon. The ordinary least square and the logit model are used to explore the determinants of livelihood diversification and the likelihood of forest dependence, respectively. The diversification patterns were analysed using a simple t-test, and the multinomial logit for conservation choices. We find that forest-related activities are a source of livelihood diversification for 63% of households, with non-timber forest products (NTFP) domestication (31%) and medicinal plant extraction (30%) being the most preferred. For non-forest activities, migration is the most preferred diversification strategy. Generally, households with favourable socio-economic status prefer non-forest to forest activities for livelihood diversification. The regression estimates indicate that older respondents are more likely to depend on the forest than the young, whereas males and individuals with at least some secondary education are less likely than their respective counterparts to rely on the forest. The results also suggest those who participated in training, educated household heads and older individuals are significantly more likely to choose high-valued diversification strategies. Concerning conservation activities, households with favourable socio-economic status are on average less likely to adopt NTFP domestication and more likely to adopt bee-keeping as a conservation choice. The results suggest the need for policy considerations to: (i) effectively integrate women in forest management processes, (ii) intensify trainings for conservation-friendly diversification approaches, (iii) regulate unclean energy use and (iv) encourage value chain improvement for conservation-friendly products.
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Njieassam, Esther Effundem. "Gender Inequality and Land Rights: The Situation of Indigenous Women in Cameroon." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal 22 (April 29, 2019): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2019/v22i0a4907.
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Land is an essential resource that serves as a means of subsistence for millions of people in the world and indigenous communities and women in particular. Most indigenous societies' survival is closely tied to land. In Cameroon, indigenous women are the backbone of food production in their communities. That makes access to land important, as it is a significant source of wealth and power for indigenous peoples in general and indigenous women in particular. While women all over the world encounter gender-based discrimination in relation to the control and ownership of land, indigenous women face triple discrimination on the basis of their gender (as women), their ethnicity (as indigenous peoples) and their economic class (economically poor). They are often dehumanised, degraded and subjected to treatment as second-class human beings despite the existence of national legislation that discourages such practices. This paper interrogates the possibility of including indigenous women in government and decision-making processes in Cameroon in the hope that they may be involved in key decision-making processes that affect them, thereby reducing their economic and social vulnerability. It concludes with some thoughtful recommendations on policy reform aimed at ensuring access to land for indigenous women as well as socio-economic justice in its broadest sense.
 
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Bate, Bate, Jude Kimengsi, and Sani Amawa. "Determinants and Policy Implications of Farmers’ Climate Adaptation Choices in Rural Cameroon." Sustainability 11, no. 7 (2019): 1921. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11071921.
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The issue of climate change and its related impacts is now a social reality. The paradigm shift today in climate change issues is focused on mitigation and adaptation. Besides mitigation, adaptation is considered as an essential strategy for reducing the severity and cost of climate change impacts given the fact that additional future climate change is considered as being inevitable. In this paper, we analyze household socio-economic determinants of climate change adaptation and their policy implications. A survey of 130 farmers in four farm communities in Cameroon was conducted to capture the determinants of farmers’ adaptation to climate change. We employed the binary Logistic regression model to assess the determinants of climate adaptation. Results reveal that in the midst of climate change, 78.33% of farmers have adopted rainfall-related adaptation while 63.33% have resorted to temperature-related adaptation. Based on the binary logistic regression, access to road, access to non-farm income source, and membership of farmers’ groups were significant determinants for the adoption of temperature-related adaptation options. Furthermore, access to improved seeds was found to be the lone significant determinant for the adoption of rainfall-related adaptation options. All in all, much is required to strengthen farmers’ adaptive capacity and increase the range of adaptation options undertaken. As such, policies geared towards building farmers’ resilience should effectively capture the following tri-factors: provision of access roads linking farm communities to nearby urban centres, upscaling institutional interventions with regards to providing high quality and resistant seeds to farmers, and incentivizing farmers to create or join social groups in order to facilitate adaptation uptake.
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Muluh, Gregory Nguh, Jude Ndzifon Kimengsi, and Ngwa Kester Azibo. "Challenges and Prospects of Sustaining Donor-Funded Projects in Rural Cameroon." Sustainability 11, no. 24 (2019): 6990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11246990.
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For more than five decades, developing countries (including Cameroon) have been primary beneficiaries of donor-funded projects targeting many sectors, including agriculture and rural development. Cameroon’s rural landscape witnessed a series of project interventions which emphasized sustainability. Although research efforts have been directed towards understanding the planning, implementation and impacts of donor-funded projects, not enough scientific information exists on the determinants, challenges and prospects of sustaining donor-funded projects in rural communities in Cameroon. For this study, the Investment Fund for Communal and Agricultural Micro-projects (FIMAC I) scheme, was used to diagnose the determinants, challenges and prospects for sustaining development projects in the North West Region (NWR) of Cameroon. A representative sample of 150 beneficiaries drawn from 20 farming groups in the NWR was conducted, to generate data which was complemented by interviews. The binary logistic regression results reveal the following: Although there is a significant change in the level of incomes for the FIMAC I project beneficiaries, its sustainability (mirrored through continuity) is dependent upon a myriad of socio-economic factors including family size, length of stay in the community, gender, education and the status of the beneficiary. Furthermore, the less transparent loan application process and the lack of collateral security were the main challenges faced by project beneficiaries. We argue that the introduction of soft loans with minimal demands for collateral security could increase beneficiary participation in projects, while beneficiary groups should further diversify their sources of capital and productive activities. The study does not only contribute to existing theoretical constructs on sustainable rural development, but also makes a succinct request for future studies to unbundle the conditions, under which donor-funded projects are rendered sustainable in rural contexts.
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Demboh, Primus, and Diah Susanti. "GLOBAL TRENDS IN EDUCATIONAL POLICY IMPLEMENTATION AND THE COMPLEXITY OF QUALITY IN EDUCATION: A CAMEROONIAN PERSPECTIVE." INSECTA: Integrative Science Education and Teaching Activity Journal 2, no. 1 (2021): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21154/insecta.v2i1.2671.
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This article argues that effective policy implementation strategies based on the concepts of equity, flexibility, accountability, creativity and innovation can raise students’ learning and bring about a significant economic and social development. Cameroon is an example of an education system that has over the years developed very important policies in the hope of raising the quality of knowledge that students learn in schools. The country’s education sector strategy for 2020/2030 has a good number of policies which are aimed at developing skills and promoting the spirit of entrepreneurship in the learners from the primary through the secondary to higher levels. However, most of these policies have either failed or have taken a far longer time to attain their set objectives. Cameroon like many other countries in Africa, Asia, and the rest of the world seem to present a mismatch between their educational policy objectives and what is implemented in the field. This situation is very much unlike the case in many other countries where effective educational reforms have brought about measurable growth in their economies. As a result of the numerous and diverse challenges involved in this process, very few systems attain a significant level of success in these policies. Thus, they fail because of their inability to handle the various challenges that come with the struggle for quality in education reform. This study focuses on some of those challenges that are likely to be faced by any educational system, in their struggle to achieve quality in their education; why these challenges arise and how some systems have overcome them to attain their objectives. Based on the case study of Cameroon, the study comes up with a number of factors of failures in most systems. It is built on the idea that challenges are always part of the process of education, and success can only be achieved by braving them
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Alim, Ousmanou. "Employee ownership in companies in Cameroon." Journal of Participation and Employee Ownership 2, no. 2 (2019): 93–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpeo-05-2019-0012.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of employee ownership (EO) on the creation of shareholders’ wealth in companies in Cameroon. Design/methodology/approach The methodological approach adopted is hypothetical-deductive. The sample includes 89 companies, of which 31 practiced EO policy for at least ten years. Information used come from secondary data collected over the period 2008–2013 at the National Statistical Institute of Cameroon. These data were analyzed through a time series cross-sectional regression, corrected for any latent heteroskedasticity and serial auto-correlation. Findings The paper finds that the average level for participation of employee in the capital is 7.4 percent and the average wealth creation of shareholders is 26 percent of invested equity. However, this average rate of creation of shareholders’ wealth is higher in companies with EO (45 percent) than in conventional firms (16 percent). For the results of model estimates, the percentage of capital held by employees affect positively and significantly at 1 percent the return on equity. This study concludes that EO is a lever for creation of shareholders’ wealth in companies in Cameroon. Practical implications Findings of this research can serve as framework for reflection by politicians, managers and business leaders as they will have a strategic management tool capable of improving the social climate in companies and also promoting shareholders’ wealth creation. It is a formula that would allow them combining economic and social realities of organizations. Originality/value No similar review has been done before in Africa in general and Cameroon in particular. Study was carried out in a context where financial market is not developed.
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Kamgang, Serge Alexis, Kadiri Serge Bobo, Mary Katherine Gonder, et al. "Interactions Between People and Nigeria-Cameroon Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes ellioti) Around Mbam-Djerem National Park, Central Cameroon." Tropical Conservation Science 14 (January 2021): 194008292110335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/19400829211033504.
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Understanding the interactions between local people and chimpanzees is crucial to develop sustainable wildlife conservation strategies and management policy in the Mbam-Djerem National Park (MDNP). The MDNP covers about 416,512 ha and shelters the Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzee ( Pan troglodytes ellioti) being the most endangered of all currently recognized chimpanzee subspecies. Close to 30,000 people live in the periphery of the MDNP and depend on the park’s resources for subsistence. We investigated the extent of, and factors leading to, the interactions between people and chimpanzees through a socio-economic survey focusing on households (124) and individual interviews (38) in 30% of villages around MDNP. About 95% of the respondents stated that human–wildlife conflict is an issue around MDNP. Access to resources (78.9%), crop damage (84%), and animal attack (11.3%) were the main sources of conflicts. The ground squirrel Xerus erythropus (59.7%), the green monkey Chlorocebus aethiops (20.2%), chimpanzees (7.3%) and baboons Papio anubis (5.6%) were identified as the main conflict animals and the destroyed crops included peanuts (70.2%), maize (15%) and cassava (5%). The population perceptions differed between the park’s four sectors and were significantly influenced by education and the main livelihood activity. The study also provided quantitative evidence on the role of personal and religious beliefs on the behavior towards chimpanzees. Our findings suggest that the improvement of income-generating activities and education will contribute to strengthening the conservation of chimpanzees.
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Kinga, Bertila Mayin, Sundjo Fabien, and Wilfred Fon Mbacham. "ASSESSING THE ECONOMIC COST (QALY AND ACUR) OF OBESITY IN THE BAMENDA MUNICIPALITY OF THE NORTH WEST REGION OF CAMEROON." European Journal of Health Sciences 4, no. 2 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ejhs.429.
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Introduction: Five people die every minute, 75 people every 15minutes and 7.671 persons each day from obesity-related complications in the world (WHO, 2014). Overweight and obesity are the fifth leading risks for global deaths (WHO, 2014). In June 2013, the American Medical Association recognized obesity as a disease (WHO, 2014. In Cameroon, the obesity figures stood at 9.6% second in CEMAC after Gabon which was 15% in 2014 (WHO 2014). In addition, 44% of the diabetes burden, 23% of the hypertension burden and between 7% and 41% of certain cancer burdens and 60% of Cardiovascular Disease in Cameroon were attributable to overweight and obesity in that same year (WHO, 2014).Purpose: This study purports to calculate the obesity QALY and ACUR and to scrutinize the effect of obesity on mobility index and age at death in the North West region of Cameroon.Methodology: To calculate the QALY and ACUR, data was collected secondary source making up 149 individuals aged 50 and above who died in the Bamenda general hospital from obesity related illnesses between 2016 and 2018. To generate the mobility index, we issued and corrected the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire for testing quality of life to238 individuals in the Bamenda Municipality. To ensure the reliability of the instrument, Pre-tests were conducted. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for the calculation of QALY.Findings: The Average cost utility ratios’ (ACURs) show that obesity treatment in the Bamenda Municipality will result in a 0.275 QALYs gained and monthly ACURs of $3,578.18/QALY. It also shows that obesity significantly and negatively influences mobility index and age at death. We thus conclude that obesity incurred major economic cost.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Policy wise, the “2M (Mentality and Motivation) concept” of obesity treatment is recommended as major contributions to theory, practice and policy. This will lead to a change in the perception and motivation toward treating obesity.
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Mkong, Cynthia J., Tahirou Abdoulaye, Paul Martin Dontsop-Nguezet, Zoumana Bamba, Victor Manyong, and Godlove Shu. "Determinant of University Students’ Choices and Preferences of Agricultural Sub-Sector Engagement in Cameroon." Sustainability 13, no. 12 (2021): 6564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13126564.
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Although the agri-food sector has a huge potential to offer attractive employment opportunities for Africa’s burgeoning youth, a negative perception of agriculture persists among Cameroonian youths, such as in many other African countries. The paper assesses the determinants of university students’ choices and preferences for agricultural sub-sector engagement in Cameroon. A multistage random sampling technique was used to select 550 students from two state universities. We used the SWOT analysis to evaluate students’ perceptions of challenges and opportunities within the agricultural sector in Cameroon, the binomial probit analysis to assess the determinants of students’ choices of agriculture as a university major, and an ordered probit analysis to evaluate the determinants of students’ preferences of agricultural sub-sector engagement. Findings reveal that choice of agriculture as a university major is significantly determined by sex, pre-university farming experience, pre-university academic background, mother’s level of education, and household income. Likewise, preference of agricultural sub-sector engagement is significantly determined by the student’s level of study and location of a childhood home. Improving the attractiveness of, and working conditions in, the agricultural sector could increase youth engagement in agribusiness and rural economic activities. The results also reinforce the need to increase household income in Cameroon, as this could lift families out of poverty and offer them more economic opportunities. Policies that regulate levels of education can equally be used to allocate human resources into different agricultural sub-sectors, subject to felt needs.
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Vosti, Stephen, Katherine Adams, Aleksandr Michuda, et al. "Selecting Micronutrient Intervention Programs to Save Lives: Evidence From Cameroon." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (2021): 693. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab045_075.
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Abstract Objectives We use the Micronutrient Intervention Modeling (MINIMOD) tool to identify and compare economically optimal sets of micronutrient (MN) programs that focus on two objectives: increasing the number of individuals achieving adequate intake of specific life-saving MNs, and saving children's lives using sets of MNs. Methods We used 24-hour dietary intake data from Cameroon to estimate usual intake of zinc and vitamin A for children 1–5 y (n = 872) and of folate for women of reproductive age (WRA) (n = 902), as well as the prevalence of inadequate intake (below the Estimated Average Requirement) for each. We simulated the effects on inadequate MN intake of single or combined fortification of wheat flour, oil, and/or bouillon cubes, as well as two delivery platforms for vitamin A supplementation (VAS). The Lives Saved Tool (LiST) was used to estimate the number of lives saved by each program, and by all combinations of them. We estimated program costs for each scenario, nationally and subnationally, over a 10-year planning time horizon. The economic optimization model was run twice to identify the most cost-effective combination of programs based on two objectives achieving adequate intake for each MN, and increasing lives saved by all MNs. Results When the policy focus is on adequate intake of specific life-saving MNs, the following national and subnational programs are most cost-effective: wheat flour fortified with zinc (95 ppm, at target level), edible oils (9 mg/kg, 75% of target) and bouillon cubes (80 ppm) both fortified with vitamin A, and VAS provided to children in the northern part of Cameroon via Child Health Days. For meeting the folate needs of WRA, wheat flour fortified with folic acid (5 mg/kg, 33% of standard) is the most cost-effective option. When the primary focus is saving lives, a very similar set of economically optimal programs emerges, which saves over 26,000 lives over 10 years. Conclusions Policymakers in Cameroon who promote mortality-reducing MN programs using adequate intake and economic efficiency as their guides can expect to save child lives in a cost-effective way. Funding Sources This work was funded by a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to the UC Davis, and by a gift from Mars Inc. to UC Davis to support interdisciplinary research and training in economics and nutrition.
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Essapo, Daniel, and Marcel Ekedi. "Assessing Green Policies for the Rehabilitation and Sustainable Restoration of Mine Sites in Cameroon: Case of the Mayo-Darlé Mine Site, Adamawa Region." Ghana Journal of Geography 12, no. 2 (2020): 125–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjg.v12i2.6.
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Mining is not without negative consequences for the environment. It is appropriate for each concerned state, particularly Cameroon, to adopt and implement mining laws and regulations to reduce environmental risks. The former Mayo-Darlé mine site in the Adamawa region that has been abandoned for several decades is a striking example of the limitations and lapses of national environmental protection policies. Hence, this study outlines an inventory of features in the concerned mine site while analyzing green policies related to the mining sector in Cameroon. The study attempts to modelize the socio-economic and environmental impacts in the sustainable management of the Mayo-Darlé mine site. The study proposes the prescription of a green network to encourage artisanal sustainable practices within mining fields. This “eco-sustainable" strategy shall be specific to mine site development. The implementation of measures outlined in the proposed policy shall considerably improve environmental conditions around the mine site. This involves the establishment of a rehabilitation plan and realistic restoration of the Mayo Darlé site for good preservation of the environment.
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Nchu, Innocent Ngiehnu, Jude Ndzifon Kimengsi, and Gerald Kapp. "Diagnosing Climate Adaptation Constraints in Rural Subsistence Farming Systems in Cameroon: Gender and Institutional Perspectives." Sustainability 11, no. 14 (2019): 3767. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11143767.
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Climate adaptation efforts are recurrent in the science and policy spheres, especially in the context of the adaptation of community-driven, small-scale farming systems. One such is subsistence farming, which constitutes the backbone of most rural sub-Saharan African (SSA) economies, including Cameroon. Significant research and policy efforts have been directed towards overcoming barriers to climate adaptation. Such efforts have tackled a range of socio-economic and exogenous institutional constraints. However, knowledge gaps exist in the climate adaptation literature, particularly with regards to the extent to which endogenous cultural institutions (customary rules) in SSA shape gender (in)equality in access to productive resources like land. Based on a representative survey of 87 female-headed households in rural Cameroon, we contribute to bridge this gap by determining endogenous cultural institutional constraints to rural women’s climate adaptation, specifically with regards to their access to land for subsistence farming. Results were obtained with logistic regression analysis and a chi-square test of independence, showing that: (i) an inverse relationship exists between discriminatory cultural practices and women farmers’ capacity to adapt to climate change, and that (ii) tenure insecurity and inequality amplifies farmer’s vulnerability to long- and short-term climatic change. While this paper contributes to existing theoretical frameworks on climate adaptation from an institutional perspective, it equally makes a succinct request for further studies to be undertaken to ground this theoretical assertion.
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Djekonbé, Djimoudjiel, Ningaye Paul, and Nafé Daba. "DOES THE PROCYCLICALITY OF CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS AFFECT FINANCIAL STABILITY IN CEMAC?" International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 8, no. 7 (2020): 17–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i7.2020.514.
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The objective of this article is to analyze the effects of procyclical variations of the capital requirements for risk coverage on financial stability in the CEMAC[1]. In order to achieve this objective, we have specified and estimated a panel VAR model using the structural factorization method on quarterly Central Bank data over the period 2006-2017. Firstly, the results show that procyclical capital adjustments in the CEMAC region lead to short-term financial instability through the contraction of credit to the private sector. Secondly, despite the low level of financial development, the effects maintained by the adjustment of monetary policy instruments in the short term remain significant on price stability. Finally, in the long term, the procyclicality of regulatory capital makes it possible to revive economic activity and guarantee financial stability. These results lead us to recommend the adoption of a more discretionary monetary policy so as to make more procyclical the capital requirement.
 
 
 [1] Economic Community of Central African States comprising Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Gabon and Equatorial Guinea.
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Alpes, Maybritt Jill. "Bushfalling at All Cost: The Economy of Migratory Knowledge in Anglophone Cameroon." African Diaspora 5, no. 1 (2012): 90–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187254612x646189.
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Abstract Despite high financial costs, deportations and many frustrated departure attempts, young Anglophone Cameroonians maintain high aspirations for migration. In this article, I lay out the social rationalities of aspiring migrants, as well as the economic, symbolic and informational context of their emigration decisions. On the basis of three case studies, I analyze how information on emigration is controlled, processed, and evaluated. While discourses within migration policy often posit that aspiring migrants are naïve and uninformed, I demonstrate how migration choices and strategies are developed under circumstances more complex than can be grasped by the simplistic alternative between being informed or not informed about migratory risks. Rather than to consider flows of information, I argue what matters is whether or not information is trusted and how it is interpreted. By looking at the costs and gains of migration from the standpoint of aspiring migrants, this article shifts the focus towards migration dynamics at the point of departure.
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Lescuyer, G., and R. Nasi. "Financial and economic values of bushmeat in rural and urban livelihoods in Cameroon: Inputs to the development of public policy." International Forestry Review 18, no. 1 (2016): 93–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1505/146554816819683726.
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Mohamed, Yufenyuy, and Nguetsop Victor François. "Climate Variability and the Emergence of Malaria: Case of Kumbo Central Sub-Division, North West Region, Cameroon." International Journal of Global Sustainability 4, no. 1 (2020): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijgs.v4i1.17263.
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Climate variability and change is a major driver of infectious diseases around the world. This study sought to investigate the role of climate variability on the emergence of malaria in the North West region of Cameroon. Both biophysical and socio-economic data were collected for this study. Biophysical data, mainly secondary, was collected from meteorological stations (rainfall and temperature data) and hospitals (malaria morbidity and mortality statistics) in the study area. Socio-economic data were collected from primary sources, mainly, survey of households and hospitals, using semi-structured questionnaires. A total of 164 questionnaires were distributed amongst medical personnel and the general public (aged 18-70 years). Data obtained were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings revealed that patterns of fluctuation in climate parameters did not have a perfect match with rates of prevalence of malaria. However, some relatively significant correlation was found to exist between certain aspects of climate and rates of prevalence of malaria. It was noted that other drivers are involved in influencing rates of prevalence of malaria besides climate variability and change. Amongst the impacts of malaria prevalence on the population were high rates of morbidity and mortality. The population employed treated mosquito bed nets as the main coping strategy for fighting against malaria. The study recommends that the health sector should incorporate the phenomena of climate variability and change into its policy framework, and more research should be conducted to assess other drivers of malaria prevalence in north western Cameroon.
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Maes, Jan, Jeff Mbella Molombe, Kewan Mertens, et al. "Socio-political drivers and consequences of landslide and flood risk zonation: A case study of Limbe city, Cameroon." Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space 37, no. 4 (2018): 707–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399654418790767.
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Disaster risk zonation is often proposed as a long-term disaster risk reduction strategy by international treaties and academic research. This strategy has been implemented in the city of Limbe, which is known to be a disaster-prone one. Citizens are forced to settle in unsafe terrains, ranging from wetlands to unstable hillslopes due to the city’s geographical location and economic attraction. Following the fatal landslides and floods in 2001, a local crisis committee identified affected areas and declared them ‘risk zones’ to prevent further exposure. Empirically, this study narrates the production and implementation of risk zonation policy in the city of Limbe. Theoretically, it uses an urban political ecology perspective, which incorporates science and technology studies, post-political theory and disaster research to interpret the drivers and implications of the mismatch between research, policy and action. In this case study, we investigate the implications for disaster risk reduction by describing three underlying socio-political drivers of the risk zonation policy: (i) authoritarian science regime, (ii) post-political discourse, and (iii) blame diversion. We argue that authorities from national to local level use a post-political discourse to promote and implement disaster risk reduction in the city of Limbe through the development and the application of risk zonation policy. As a consequence, risk zonation leads to poor enforcement of the law and corruption, ultimately leading to risk accumulation in this case. This analysis allows us to draw broader conclusions on drivers and implications of the implementation of disaster risk zonation policy in urban areas that are primarily governed hierarchically and prone to corruption.
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Yebga, Solange Ngo. "Initiatives locales de la société civile en santé reproductive au Cameroun: Étude de cas des associations en milieu urbain." Regions and Cohesion 2, no. 1 (2012): 25–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/reco.2012.020102.
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The notion of civil society became popular and generalized in Africa during the 1990s, through the initiatives of international bodies like the World Bank and agencies for international development. In Cameroon, the economic recession caused by the deterioration of exchange rates and falling prices of agricultural raw materials (coffee, cocoa, and co on) has favored the emergence of these actors alongside the state in managing and improving the living conditions of those urban populations. In the field of reproductive health, civil society, through associations, is pursuing public orientation through services of education, promotion, and diffusion. Observing the Association for the Struggle against Violence against Women (ALFV in French) ALFV and Women, Health, and Development in Sub-Saharan Africa (FESADE in French) shows how a health policy is operationalized via endogenous initiatives. This research, which is mainly empirical, was conducted between 2006 and 2009 with institutional health managers and managers of associative structures in Yaoundé and throughout Cameroon. Spanish la noción de sociedad civil se populariza y vulgariza en África hacia los años 90 bajo la iniciativa de instancias internacionales como el Banco Mundial y las agencias de desarrollo. En Camerún, la recesión económica debida a la caída de las tasas de cambio y a la baja en las materias primas agrícolas (café, cacao, algodón) favoreció la emergencia de dicha sociedad paralelamente al Estado en la gestión y mejoramiento de las condiciones de vida de las poblaciones urbanas. Por ejemplo, en el campo de la salud reproductiva, la sociedad civil, en la forma de asociaciones, lleva a cabo acciones públicas a través de los servicios de educación, promoción y difusión. La observación de los ejemplos de la Asociación para la Lucha contra la Violencia contra la Mujer (ALVF en francés) y de Mujer, Salud y Desarrollo en el África subsahariana (FESADE en francés) permite ver cómo se operativiza una política de salud a través de iniciativas endógenas. Esta investigación esencialmente empírica fue desarrollada entre 2006 y 2009 con los responsables institucionales de salud y con los responsables de las estructuras asociativas de Yaoundé y Camerún. French La notion de société civile se popularise et se vulgarise en Afrique vers les années 90 à l'initiative d'instances internationales comme la Banque mondiale et des agences d'aide au développement. Au Cameroun, la récession économique due à la détérioration des termes de l'échange et à la chute des prix des matières premières agricoles (café, cacao, coton) a favorisé l'émergence de cet intervenant aux côtés de l'Etat dans la gestion et l'amélioration des conditions de vie des populations urbaines. Dans le domaine de la santé reproductive, la société civile, sous la forme d'associations par exemple, poursuit les orientations publiques à travers des services d'éducation, de promotion et de diffusion. En observant les exemples de l'ALVF et de la FESADE, nous étudions comment s'opérationnalise une politique de santé à travers des initiatives endogènes. Ce e recherche, essentiellement empirique, a été menée entre 2006 et 2009 auprès de responsables institutionnels de santé et de responsables des structures associatives à Yaoundé et dans d'autres villes du Cameroun.
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Melachio Tameko, André, and Laurent Ndjanyou. "The willingness to pay for urban parks' amenities: the economic value of 'Bois Sainte Anastasie' in Yaoundé, Cameroon." International Journal of Sustainable Development 23, no. 1/2 (2020): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijsd.2020.10034388.
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Tameko, André Melachio, and Laurent Ndjanyou. "The willingness to pay for urban parks' amenities: the economic value of 'Bois Sainte Anastasie' in Yaoundé, Cameroon." International Journal of Sustainable Development 23, no. 1/2 (2020): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijsd.2020.112116.
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Papyrakis, Elissaios, and Luca Tasciotti. "A Policy Study on the Implementation Challenges of Phytosanitary Standards: The Case of ISPM 15 in Botswana, Cameroon, Kenya, and Mozambique." Journal of Environment & Development 28, no. 2 (2019): 142–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1070496519836146.
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The rise in international trade in recent decades has been accompanied by an increase in the movement of wood packaging materials (WPMs). Recognizing the associated threat of cross-border pest movement, the Commission on Phytosanitary Measures, the governing body of the International Plant Protection Convention, adopted the International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures No. 15 (ISPM 15; guidelines for regulating WPM in international trade) for the treatment of WPMs. The objective of this article is to raise awareness on the challenges four sub-Saharan countries—Botswana, Cameroon, Kenya, and Mozambique—are facing when it comes to implementation. During extensive fieldwork, we conducted interviews with key stakeholders to understand their role in the setup and implementation of the standard as well as their perceptions on relevant challenges. Addressing these challenges is vital for achieving compliance and removing associated institutional and economic barriers. The article can assist policy-makers and academics to design future policies that tackle implementation problems, especially in the context of developing countries.
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Njoh, Ambe J., Liora Bigon, Erick O. Ananga, and Richard A. Ayuk-Etang. "Institutional, economic and socio-cultural factors accounting for gender-based inequalities in land title procurement in Cameroon." Land Use Policy 78 (November 2018): 116–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.06.038.
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Lucas, Pony. "Politiques Publiques, Insertion Des Jeunes Et Secteurs d’Emplois d’Actualite." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 16 (2018): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n16p144.
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This paper focuses on open public policies that are related to youth employment and hence to human capital or skills training. From the objective of this study, it is important to recognize that debates around public development policies, focused on external openness and youth employment, have always existed in both developed and underdeveloped countries. Inspired by all these debates, we were able to develop our hypothesis and, subsequently, an adequate methodology to verify them. This shows a causality between the variables: external openness, employment and qualifying training or public policy. Thus, we will start from the neoclassical economic theory that relates production, capital, and employment to develop our econometric model. We, therefore, found that it is appropriate to use VAR (value at risk) modeling to analyze the interrelationship between the variables: open access, human capital and employment. The data come from the World Bank, specifically from the "World Development Indicators" , which has earned us a longitudinal sectional study over the period from 1979 to 2014. It uses Word and Excel software to ensure the processing of our data as well as Eviews for the analysis of our data. In this way, we arrive at the result and the recommendations according to which it is necessary to upgrade the GESP (strategy documents for growth and employment in Cameroon). In their elaboration in August 2009, they were focused on the global economic crisis in providing, among other things, appropriate responses to the problems raised by the so-called crisis. This has also placed growth and employment in Cameroon at the center of their actions. To this end, the integration of young people should start from public policies according to the sectors of news and concerns of the jobs of subcontracting and the jobs of transition. It insists on the formations qualifying and, in the long run, the auto employment of the young people.
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Vondou, Derbetini A., Guy Merlin Guenang, Tchotchou Lucie Angennes Djiotang, and Pierre Honore Kamsu-Tamo. "Trends and Interannual Variability of Extreme Rainfall Indices over Cameroon." Sustainability 13, no. 12 (2021): 6803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13126803.
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Central African citizens are highly vulnerable to extreme hydroclimatic events due to excess precipitation or to dry spells. This study makes use of CHIRPS precipitation data gridded at 0.05° × 0.05° resolution and extended from 1981 to 2019 to analyze spatial variabilities and trends of six extreme precipitation indices defined by the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI) over Cameroon. They are the number of wet days (RR1), the simple daily intensity index (SDII), the annual total precipitation from days greater than the 95th percentile (R95ptot), the maximum number of consecutive wet days (CWD), the maximum number of consecutive dry days (CDD), the number of very heavy rainfall (RR20). The standard precipitation index (SPI) time series were also examined in the five agro-climatic regions of the domain. The pattern of annual precipitation was first checked over the entire domain. We obtain a well-known pattern showing a decreased precipitation northward with the highest values around the Atlantic Ocean coast. The analysis shows that all indices represent patterns approximately similar to that of annual rainfall except CDD where the spatial south-north gradient is reversed. RR20 shows the lowest spatial variability. Trend study of RR1 indicates negative values south of the domain and predominated positive values in the northern part, where CDD, on the contrary, shows a decreased trend. The highest trends are observed in the northernmost area for CWD and around the coast for SDII and R95ptot. SPI time series indicate an alternative dry and wet period and the years between 1990 and 2000 witnessed more annual wet conditions. Such a study is very important in this domain where variabilities of climatic components are very high due to climate change impact and diversified relief. The results can serve as a reference for agricultural activity, hydropower management, civil engineering, planning of economic activities and can contribute to the understanding of the climate system in Cameroon.
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Forrer, Armelle, Samuel Wanji, Elisabeth Dibando Obie, et al. "Why onchocerciasis transmission persists after 15 annual ivermectin mass drug administrations in South-West Cameroon." BMJ Global Health 6, no. 1 (2021): e003248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003248.
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IntroductionOnchocerciasis is targeted for elimination mainly with annual community-directed treatment with ivermectin (CDTI). High infection levels have been reported in South-West Cameroon, despite ≥15 years of CDTI. The aim of this study was to assess factors associated with continued onchocerciasis transmission and skin disease.MethodsA large-scale cross-sectional study was conducted in 2017 in 20 communities in a loiasis-risk area in South-West Cameroon. A mixed-methods approach was used. Associations between infection levels, skin disease and adherence to CDTI were assessed using mixed regression modelling. Different community members’ perception and acceptability of the CDTI strategy was explored using semi-structured interviews.ResultsOnchocerciasis prevalence was 44.4% among 9456 participants. 17.5% of adults were systematic non-adherers and 5.9% participated in ≥75% of CDTI rounds. Skin disease affected 1/10 participants, including children. Increasing self-reported adherence to CDTI was associated with lower infection levels in participants aged ≥15 years but not in children. Adherence to CDTI was positively influenced by perceived health benefits, and negatively influenced by fear of adverse events linked with economic loss. Concern of lethal adverse events was a common reason for systematic non-adherence.ConclusionCDTI alone is unlikely to achieve elimination in those high transmission areas where low participation is commonly associated with the fear of adverse events, despite the current quasi absence of high-risk levels of loiasis. Such persisting historical memories and fear of ivermectin might impact adherence to CDTI also in areas with historical presence but current absence of loiasis. Because such issues are unlikely to be tackled by CDTI adaptive measures, alternative strategies are needed for onchocerciasis elimination where negative perception of ivermectin is an entrenched barrier to community participation in programmes.
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Kimengsi, Jude Ndzifon, Balgah Roland Azibo, and Akhere Solange Gwan. "Enhancing Community Participation for Rural Development in Central Ejagham of Cameroon: Challenges and Prospects." International Journal of Community Development 4, no. 1 (2016): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.11634/233028791503745.
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Community participation in rural development is no longer a new terminology in the development lexicon of developing countries. In most developing nations, there exist a great disparity between the rural and the urban centres in terms of socio-economic development. Central Ejagham, an enclaved community in Manyu Division of southwestern Cameroon has, over the years, been faced with a number of development challenges. In response to this, and inline with the government of Cameroon’s policy of supporting self-reliant development, the community engaged in a series of self-defined community development activities in a multiplicity of sectors, on the bases of locally identified abilities and resources. This paper adopts qualitative methods such as interviews, focus group discussions, detailed field observations which were complemented by secondary data sources and content analysis to examine the barriers and indigenous efforts towards enhancing community participation in Central Ejagham. We observe that the level of participation in a majority of the projects falls either within the “tokenism” or the “citizen control” rungs of Sherry Arnstein’s Ladder of Citizen Participation. In addition, although “tokenism” rung projects in Central Ejagham receive much financial and technical support, although they are saddled with commitment-related challenges. Conversely, projects at the “citizen control” rung are characterized by significant commitment but are hampered by limited (financial and technical)resources. To further enhance community participation, we recommend that projects at the “tokenism” rung which are generally viable in terms of financial and technical capacity be stepped up to the “citizen control” level, inorder to guarantee maximum participation for better results. In addition, we suggest that the legislative arm of the government should introduce a bill on the need to effectively support community developmental efforts. This. We believe, will make “citizen control” rung projects to become more effective. Finally, a platform to guarantee the sustainability of projects and to ensure the adequate dissemination of information on sourcing for external funding to support projects should be introduced.
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Nfor, Omarine Nlinwe. "Assessment of the choice of malaria diagnostic methods among household heads of the Nkwen village in Bamenda-3 municipality." Journal of the Cameroon Academy of Sciences 16, no. 2 (2021): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jcas.v16i2.2.
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Malaria remains a major threat to life in Bamenda in particular and Cameroon in general. Despite numerous and relatively affordable malaria diagnostic and treatment methods, accurate choice of diagnosis remains a major challenge to the inhabitants of the almost 14,285 households in the Nkwen village of the Bamenda 3 municipality. This study was designed to investigate the key determinants of the choice of malaria diagnostic methods (demand side analysis) in the Nkwen village of the Bamenda 3 municipality. A purposive and randomized sampling method was employed to recruit of 560 household’s heads from the 46 quarters of the Nkwen village. The Multinomial Logistic Regression Model and Chi-Square analysis were used to analyze the collected data. The findings reveal that gender, marital status, educational level, income, household size, age, religion and health insurance policy contribute to the choice of malaria diagnostic methods in the study area. Therefore, the integration of socio-economic factors into malaria control policies will feasibly contribute to malaria decrease in the study area.
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Momo, Marie Caroline Solefack, Andre Ledoux Njouonkou, Lucie Felicite Temgoua, Romuald Djouda Zangmene, Junior Baudoin Wouokoue Taffo, and Mama Ntoupka. "Land-Use/Land-Cover Change and Anthropogenic Causes Around Koupa Matapit Gallery Forest, West-Cameroon." Journal of Geography and Geology 10, no. 2 (2018): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jgg.v10n2p56.
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This study assesses land cover change of the Koupa Matapit forest gallery, West Cameroon, in relation to anthropogenic factors. Ethnobotanical surveys were conducted to investigate the relationships between the local population and the gallery forest; the spatio-temporal dynamics of the landscapes around the gallery forest were studied from the diachronic analysis of three Landsat TM satellite images of 1984, Landsat ETM + 1999 and Landsat OLI_TIRS of 2016, supplemented by verification missions on field. The satellite images were processed using ArcGIS and Erdas Imagine software. According to surveys, it should be noted that agriculture and livestock are the main economic activities of the population of Koupa Matapit, agriculture and fuel wood collection for energy were the main anthropogenic activities responsible for deforestation and degradation of the forest gallery. The collection of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) would have a significant implication in land use and cover changes. The results indicate that the extension of savannah/agricultural land (from 6989 ha in 1984 to 7604 ha in 2016) and bare soil/built up area (from 71 ha in 1984 to 342 ha in 2016) would have led to the disappearance of much of the forest area (1465 ha in 1984 to 580 ha in 2016). The rapid population growth of Koupa Matapit would be responsible for these pressures. There is an urgent need to implement appropriate land use policy in this area.
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Nyuydine Wirba, Lucas, Amawa Sani Gur, Victor Konfor Ntoban, et al. "Exploring Water Management Practices and Sustainability Implications in the Bamenda Metropolis of Cameroon." International Journal of Global Sustainability 4, no. 1 (2020): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijgs.v4i1.17649.
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City governments, the world over, are grappling with the problem of sustaining water supply to their rapidly growing population. The need to meet up with this exigency has been emphasized in Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6 (Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all) and SDG 11 (Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable). While a series of demand and supply-side approaches to water management have been employed, the extent to which water management practices could guarantee (un)sustainability still require clarity, especially in the context of cities in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Taking the case of the Bamenda Metropolis of Cameroon, we contribute to address this lacunae, by identifying household level water management practices in Bamenda, and discussing the implications it has for sustainable water supply (availability, affordability). To obtain relevant data for this study, a random sample of 120 households, within 8 neighborhoods of Bamenda, was conducted. Furthermore, we employed descriptive and inferential statistical methods to test the relationship between household socio-economic characteristics and water management (consumption, rationing, preservation). The results reveal the following: In terms of regularity, approximately 63% of the households have irregular water supply, and consume less than 50 litres of water per day. The key water source is pipe borne water (65%), supplied by CAMWATER and Community Water Systems. One of the main water management practice at household level is rainwater harvesting (41.7%), while sustainability is compromised by the weak management systems from supply side, and limited knowledge and resources at the demand side (household level). There is a need for policy (re)orientation to regulate household water distribution, consumption and affordability. Further studies are required to ground this assertion.
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Lhoest, Simon, Cédric Vermeulen, Adeline Fayolle, et al. "Quantifying the Use of Forest Ecosystem Services by Local Populations in Southeastern Cameroon." Sustainability 12, no. 6 (2020): 2505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12062505.
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In order to improve sustainability and design adequate management strategies in threatened tropical forests, integrated assessments of the use of ecosystem services are needed, combining biophysical, social, and economic approaches. In particular, no integrated ecosystem services (ES) assessment has been conducted in Central Africa, where rural communities deeply depend on forests in a high-poverty context. Here, we aimed to quantify the use of ES provided by tropical forests to local populations in the Dja area (Cameroon), identify its determinants and evaluate its sustainability. We conducted various interviews and field surveys with 133 households in three villages, focusing on three provisioning services (bushmeat, firewood, and timber), and five cultural services (cultural heritage, inspiration, spiritual experience, recreation, and education). Local populations consumed a mean of 56 kg of bushmeat/person/year (hunting zones covering on average 213 km2), 1.17 m3 of firewood/person/year (collection zones covering on average 4 km2), and 0.03 m3 of timber/person/year. Between 25% and 86% of respondents considered cultural services as important. The use of ES was mainly influenced by population size, deforestation rate, and forest allocations, whereas the influence of socio-demographic characteristics of households remained limited to slight differences between Baka and Bantu people. We conclude that the consumption of firewood and timber is sustainable, whereas high hunting pressure has resulted in severe defaunation in the area due to the large decline in the abundance and biomass of forest mammals hunted for bushmeat by local populations.
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Milek, Anne, Christoph Stork, and Alison Gillwald. "Engendering communication: a perspective on ICT access and usage in Africa." info 13, no. 3 (2011): 125–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14636691111131493.
Full textAbstract:
PurposeInformation communication technologies (ICTs) are widely seen as having the potential to contribute positively to economic growth and development and to improve the livelihoods and quality of life of individuals and households and yet access to ICTs and usage of them remains highly inequitable. This paper aims to identify areas of inequality in access to ICTs between men and women in Africa.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on the Research ICT Africa (RIA) household and individual ICT survey conducted in 17 African countries between 2007/2008 the paper provides an empirical basis for assessing gender dimensions of ICT access and usage. Additionally, focus group studies were conducted in Cameroon, Ethiopia, Nigeria, South Africa and Uganda to gain a greater qualitative understanding of access to and usage of ICTs from a gender perspective.FindingsAlthough the results confirmed in many countries the widely held belief that men have greater access to ICTs than women in some instances more women than men owned mobile phones such as in South Africa and Mozambique. In Cameroon women were found to have greater knowledge of the internet than their male counterparts. Most significantly perhaps is the finding that when women have similar income, education and employment status they have comparable access to ICTs as their male counterparts. However, as women generally do not have the same access to those core factors that enhance ICT access and usage, their access to ICT is generally lower.Originality/valueThe quantitative as well as focus group results of this study confirm gender differences in access to ICTs, raising important questions about the points of policy intervention to redress such imbalances.
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Ouédraogo, Mohamed, Daiyan Peng, Xi Chen, Shujahat Haider Hashmi, and Mamoudou Ibrahima Sall. "Dynamic Effect of Oil Resources on Environmental Quality: Testing the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis for Selected African Countries." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (2021): 3649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13073649.
Full textAbstract:
This paper examines the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) theory, augmenting the role of oil resources and energy consumption in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions using the annual data of 11 African oil-producing countries from 1980 to 2014. We apply advanced panel cointegration and panel autoregressive distributive lag (ARDL) techniques coupled with Granger non-causality analysis to account for cross-sectional dependence and heterogeneity. The results of the augmented mean group (AMG) reveal that oil resources abundance degrades the environmental quality in Angola while abating CO2 emissions in Algeria, Gabon, Morocco, and Nigeria. Contrarily, energy consumption escalates pollution in the Congo Democratic Republic (COD), Côte d’Ivoire (CIV), Gabon, Morocco, and Tunisia. Our findings support the EKC hypothesis only in Cameroon, CIV, and Nigeria while exhibiting a U-shaped curve in Algeria and Morocco. Causality analysis unveils that oil resources Granger cause energy consumption, suggesting the balance between renewable and non-renewable energy sources. The current study has important policy implications for promoting green technology, economic diversification, service sector, and green investments.
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Pye, Alison, Sara Ronzi, Bertrand Hugo Mbatchou Ngahane, Elisa Puzzolo, Atongno Humphrey Ashu, and Daniel Pope. "Drivers of the Adoption and Exclusive Use of Clean Fuel for Cooking in Sub-Saharan Africa: Learnings and Policy Considerations from Cameroon." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 16 (2020): 5874. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165874.
Full textAbstract:
Household air pollution (HAP) caused by the combustion of solid fuels for cooking and heating is responsible for almost 5% of the global burden of disease. In response, the World Health Organisation (WHO) has recommended the urgent need to scale the adoption of clean fuels, such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). To understand the drivers of the adoption and exclusive use of LPG for cooking, we analysed representative survey data from 3343 peri-urban and rural households in Southwest Cameroon. Surveys used standardised tools to collect information on fuel use, socio-demographic and household characteristics and use of LPG for clean cooking. Most households reported LPG to be clean (95%) and efficient (88%), but many also perceived it to be expensive (69%) and unsafe (64%). Positive perceptions about LPG’s safety (OR = 2.49, 95% CI = 2.04, 3.05), cooking speed (OR = 4.31, 95% CI = 2.62, 7.10), affordability (OR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.38, 2.09), availability (OR = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.72, 2.73), and its ability to cook most dishes (OR = 3.79, 95% CI = 2.87, 5.01), were significantly associated with exclusive LPG use. Socio-economic status (higher education) and household wealth (higher income) were also associated with a greater likelihood of LPG adoption. Effective strategies to raise awareness around safe use of LPG and interventions to address financial barriers are needed to scale wider adoption and sustained use of LPG for clean cooking, displacing reliance on polluting solid fuels.
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Ngatcha, Benjamin Ngounou, and Djoret Daira. "Nitrate pollution in groundwater in two selected areas from Cameroon and Chad in the Lake Chad basin." Water Policy 12, no. 5 (2010): 722–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2010.017.
Full textAbstract:
The shallow aquifer in the Lake Chad basin is highly vulnerable to pollution. Analysis carried out on 316 wells and boreholes have showed a tendency towards an increase of nitrate values, exceeding 50 mg l−1. Nitrate concentrations ranged between about 1 and 300 mg l−1. Large variation in concentration was observed in wells and boreholes that are only short distances apart. High concentrations of nitrate in wells, especially in a recharge area along the sand dunes, or via infiltration from river banks, irrigation channels, and infiltration of urban wastewater into groundwater from septic tanks, pose a serious problem for drinking water supply. In Cameroon and Chad, the results of the investigation indicate a variation of nitrate concentration in groundwater between the two areas. The primary origin of this pollution is agricultural proliferation activities that are developed and stressed by socio-economic needs outside the urban area, and by urban expansion within the area served by a decrepit network of urban area sewers. Substancial differences in values of nitrate concentrations were observed in groundwater from adjacent wells and boreholes, indicating local rather than regional contamination.