Relevant bibliographies by topics / Cameroon, history

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Cameroon, history'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 August 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Cameroon, history"

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Kah, Henry Kam. "Sites and objects, indigenous library and the history of Laimbwe, Cameroon." Afrika Focus 30, no. 1 (February 26, 2017): 53–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-03001005.

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This study focuses on the construction of the history of the Laimbwe people of Cameroon through indigenous methods of enquiry and/or epistemologies. These include analyses of surviving historical objects, sites and artefacts from the pre-colonial period to the reunification of British Southern Cameroons with the Cameroun Republic in 1961. Some traditional items of the Laimbwe people of Cameroon and existing artefacts as well as sites reveal a very rich history with information that Western and conventional research have not vividly captured. In this paper, we reflect on the salience of these sources in understanding the rich socio-cultural and political history of the Laimbwe. There is a need to document this as an indigenous African library in this age of globalisation so that indigenous knowledge systems are disseminated to a wider academic audience. A construction of Laimbwe history through these indigenous forms of the library present them as new perspectives of local epistemologies beyond the capture of the western library introduced into Africa during the colonial period and even before. It continues to shape the way African national and local histories are written based on Western interpretations and or epistemologies.
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Maderspacher, Alois. "The National Archives of Cameroon in Yaoundé and Buea." History in Africa 36 (2009): 453–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hia.2010.0009.

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Even in learned journals on African and imperial history, few references have been made to the records contained in the archives in Cameroon, West Africa. Kamerun was a German colony (Schutzgebiet) from 1884-1916/19. In 1911, the Germans took over New Cameroon (Neu Kamerun), 295,000 km2 of land of French Equatorial Africa, ceded during the second Morocco Crisis. After World War I this transaction was reversed and the German colony was separated into French and British League of Nations Mandates in 1919. These mandates were transformed into United Nations Trusteeships in 1946. Finally, French Cameroun became independent in 1960, and after a plebiscite in 1961, one part of the British Cameroons joined Nigeria and the other part reunited with the formerly French part, now the independent Federal Republic of Cameroon.Due to the involvement of three colonial powers in Cameroon, the national archives in Yaoundé and Buea are an excellent source for the colonial history of West Africa, allowing for a simultaneous analysis of German, French, and British files. Whereas the colonial files in the European archives mainly give us the point of view of high politics, the archives in Cameroon offer a different dimension. The files reveal the intricacies of the colonial system on the ground, and the problems with which the colonial administrator had to cope in the bush: How did one introduce European legal tender in a territory never touched by Europeans before? How did one cope with the colonial rivals, who were couching at the frontiers to take over the territory? How did one attempt to win peoples' hearts and minds day in and day out? What happened when the new colonial power took over a territory with an already developed administration from another colonial power, as it took place in Cameroon in 1911 and 1916/19? The national archives of Cameroon contain potential answers to these questions. Hence this paper will focus on the sources that are available for the colonial period in these archives.
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TERRETTA, MEREDITH. "CAMEROONIAN NATIONALISTS GO GLOBAL: FROM FOREST MAQUIS TO A PAN-AFRICAN ACCRA." Journal of African History 51, no. 2 (July 2010): 189–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853710000253.

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ABSTRACTThis article reassesses the political alternatives imagined by African nationalists in the ‘first wave’ of Africa's decolonization through the lens of Cameroonian nationalism. After the proscription of Cameroon's popular nationalist movement, the Union des Populations du Cameroun (UPC), in the mid-1950s, thousands of Cameroonian nationalists went into exile, most to Accra, where they gained the support of Kwame Nkrumah's Pan-African Bureau for African Affairs. The UPC's external support fed Cameroon's internal maquis (as UPC members called the underground resistance camps within the territories), rooted in culturally particular conceptions of freedom and sovereignty. With such deeply local and broadly international foundations, the political future that Cameroonian nationalists envisaged seemed achievable: even after the Cameroon territories' official independence, UPC nationalists kept fighting. But, by the mid-1960s, postcolonial states prioritized territorial sovereignty over ‘African unity’ and Ghana's support of the UPC became unsustainable, leading to the movement's disintegration.
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Christelle Nadège Guedem, Noumbi. "THE GENEALOGY OF CAMEROON'S COLONIAL DEBT NEGOTIATION." Analele Universităţii din Craiova seria Istorie 28, no. 2 (February 28, 2024): 105–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.52846/aucsi.2023.2.07.

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Negotiation is a process of communication and exchanges between at least two parties whose object concerns the organization of a relationship or the settlement of a problem between them. During the decolonisation, France and Cameroon decided to share the assets and liabilities located on the territory of Cameroon. This distribution, a consequence of negotiation, started before independence, was the way to peacefully settle questions of the State’s debts. Alexander-Nahum Sack, jurist and specialist of the State’s succession, thinks that negotiation is the appropriate way to peacefully settle financial issues such as infrastructure management and colonial debts during the territorial separation of the former colonial power from the former colony. This historical essay therefore intends to show that, instead of asking for cancellation, France and Cameroon authorities agreed for distribution after several negotiations. So, the imputation of the debt contracted by France in Cameroon on January 1, 1960, is the consequence of an agreement. It is within this framework that on April 16, 1957, the two parties set down in a first document which was to serve as a compass for subsequent meetings, the legal bases relating to the postcolonial management of foreign investments in Cameroon, while laying down the milestones for their future bilateral cooperation. Based on a variety of documentation, the aim is to show that France and Cameroon, after negotiations, have choosen the distribution of the existing assets and liabilities. France, like Cameroon, as well as international creditors, had an interest in agreeing. Cameroon had to negotiate, so as to make a good impression with Foreign Direct Investors and external creditors needed Cameroon's cooperation for the protection of localized investments on its territory. Even though those debts were incurred in the exclusive interest of Cameroon under French administration, it agreed to negotiate.
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Fru, Raymond Nkwenti. "Discursive Postcolonial Reflections of Reunification in Selected Contemporary Anglophone Cameroonian History Textbooks, 1961—2021." ISTORIYA 13, no. 12-2 (122) (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840024114-4.

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The Anglo-French partition of German Cameroon in 1961 and the eventual reunification in 1961 of British Southern Cameroons with French Cameroon are responsible for the significant presence of Anglo-French heritage in contemporary Cameroon. Since its reunification, the country has witnessed several internal tensions mainly informed by developments around reunification and the colonial legacies. This article adopts a critical content analysis approach, nuanced with a discursive postcolonial theoretical framework to analyze two history textbooks from the English subsystem of education in Cameroon. In addition to the textbooks presenting history as a memory and uncritical discipline, the findings also reveal the presence of a robust Anglophone nationalism discourse rather than a Cameroonian one in the selected history textbooks under review. Furthermore, the author argues that the colonial heritage enshrined in the federal constitution is being systematically erased, indicating the assimilation of a weaker culture by a stronger one. There is a deep sense in the English-speaking community, both public and private, that the form of the state must be changed. Discourses of disempowered subaltern representation are emerging in relation to postcolonialism, which is also linked to internal colonisation.
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Takang, Bessong Stephen, Nixon Kahjum Takor, and Canute A. Ngwa. "Economic Backlash on the Cameroon Development Corporation (CDC) at the End of British Rule in Southern Cameroons, 1961-1968." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 10, no. 06 (June 12, 2022): 3615–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v10i6.em05.

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The Cameroon Development Corporation (CDC) was created in 1946 and went operational in 1947 through the enactment of two important ordinances by the government of Nigeria. As an agro-industrial company, the principal objective at inception was the management of the ex-German plantations in Cameroon for the welfare of the workers in particular, and the inhabitants of Southern Cameroons in general. Curiously, the creation of the CDC coincided with a rising spirit of nationalism in the territory, culminating in the granting of independence by reunification with the Republic of Cameroon in October 1961. Considering that the end of British rule was accompanied by reunification, and not integration with Nigeria, the objective of this paper is to highlight the post reunification implications on the CDC. Even though it drastically reduced Nigerian domination of the plantations and offered the corporation greater access to seaport facilities in Douala, the article posits that the CDC suffered enormous setbacks at the end of the British trusteeship in the territory. Using qualitative historical designs, the finding of the study admit that the end of British rule provoked the suspension of Commonwealth funding, cancellation of banana trade preferences, tariff imbroglio, cross-territory security concerns, among the other constraints. However, the article concludes that the federal government equally embarked on a number of remedial measures which went a long way in mitigating the post-independence challenges faced by the CDC.KEY WORDS: Economic backlash, Cameroon Development Corporation, British rule and Southern Cameroons.
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Runcie, Sarah C. "Decolonizing “La Brousse”." French Politics, Culture & Society 38, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 126–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fpcs.2020.380207.

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This article examines French responses to transnational influences on medical education and rural health in Cameroon in the era of decolonization. As international organizations became increasingly involved in Cameroon in the postwar period, French military doctors claimed authority through specific expertise on medicine in the African “bush.” After Cameroon became independent, however, the building of new medical school became a focus of French anxieties about maintaining power in new African institutions of technical expertise and knowledge production. While scholars have begun to foreground the international context of Franco-African relations after independence, this article reveals how the distinct politics of Cameroon’s decolonization, growing out of its history as a United Nations (UN) trust territory, shaped French approaches to medical institutions there. Moreover, negotiations over the future of rural medicine in Cameroon highlighted the ways in which the approaches championed by French doctors relied on colonial authority itself.
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HASSANA, HASSANA. "ANALYSE LEXICO-SÉMANTIQUE DES EXPRESSIONS COLONIALES SUR LES TIMBRES-POSTE." FRANCISOLA 2, no. 1 (July 5, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/francisola.v2i1.7522.

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RÉSUMÉ. Ce travail étudie, du point de vue lexico-sémantique, les mots et les expressions sur les timbres-poste. De manière spécifique, il s’agit d’appréhender l’histoire véhiculée par les mots gravés sur les productions philatéliques en circulation au Cameroun pendant la domination allemande, anglaise et française. Sur le plan théorique, cette étude s’inscrit dans le champ de la lexicologie et de la sémantique. L’approche lexicale décrit la structure et la formation des mots en langue allemande, anglaise et française. La démarche sémantique par contre questionne le sens des mots et des discours idéologiques. Sur le plan méthodologique, nous nous appuyons sur un corpus constitué des productions philatéliques. Par le biais de ce corpus, nous focalisons notre attention sur l’interprétation des mots ou des expressions sur les timbres, en mettant en exergue les grandes séquences de l’histoire coloniale au Cameroun. L’intérêt de ce travail est d’interroger l’histoire coloniale sous le prisme des expressions reproduites sur les timbres-poste.Mots-clés : cameroun, colonisation, histoire, lexicologie, philatélie, timbres-poste, sémantique. ABSTRACT. This work studies, from lexico-semantic point of view, the words and expressions on postage stamps. Specifically, it is a question of apprehending the history conveyed by the words engraved on the philatelic productions circulating in Cameroon during the German, English and French domination. From a theoretical point of view, this study falls within the field of lexicology and semantics. The lexical approach describes the structure and formation of words in German, English and French. The semantic approach, on the other hand, questions the meaning of words and ideological discourses. On the methodological level, we rely on a corpus of philatelic productions. Through this corpus, we focus our attention on the interpretation of words or expressions on stamps, highlighting the great sequences of colonial history in Cameroon. The interest of this work is to question the colonial history under the prism of the expressions reproduced on the postage stamps.Keywords: Cameroon, colonization, history, lexicology, philately, postage stamps, semantics.
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Tur’inskaya, Khristina M. "Cameroon: Problems of National Development." Asia and Africa Today, no. 8 (2023): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s032150750027143-9.

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The article highlights the issues of state-building and nation-building in post-colonial Cameroon. An outline of the current situation in the economy, politics, social sphere and cultural agenda is given. The author focuses on key facts and events from the history of statehood, politics, culture and social thought of modern Cameroon. Important dates are associated with the names and activities of famous Cameroonians: politicians and statesmen Ahmadou Ahidjo and Paul Biya, writer Mongo Beti, who saw culture as a means of political mobilization and a way to protest against the French colonial and neo-colonial domination in Africa. The paper discusses the causes of the “Anglophone crisis” and separatism of “Southern Cameroons”, as well as the problems of the territorial and administrative structure in Cameroon, which are directly related to the national and federal issue. The experience and prospects of Cameroonian federalism and unitarianism, the results of the “Major National Dialogue”, initiated by the central government in order to resolve the acute internal political crisis in the country, are analyzed.
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Kam Kah, Henry. "“Come-no-go/l’ennemi…dans la maison”: Reflections on the Lingoes of Conflict in Cameroon’s Urban History." Modern Africa: Politics, History and Society 7, no. 1 (July 8, 2019): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.26806/modafr.v7i1.185.

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The re-introduction of multi-party politics and the liberalisation of politics in Cameroon during the 1990s unleashed a venomous language of conflict in some cities. In the coastal region, the expression of “come-no-go,” synonymous to a dreaded skin disease, was/is frequently used to denigrate people from the grassfields of the country. Many were descendants of migrants to the commercial plantations established by the Germans. Meanwhile, the archbishop of Yaounde at the time called Anglophones “l’ennemi dans…la maison” or “enemies in the house.” This followed the launching of the Social Democratic Front (SDF) party in Bamenda against a government ban. This article examines the power of derogatory language in Cameroon’s urban space. Lingoes of conflict and segregation have denigrated some people and remain a challenge to national unity and integration in Cameroon since the reunification of 1961.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cameroon, history"

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Gouem, Gouem Bienvenu. "Des premières communautés villageoises aux sociétés complexes sur le littoral méridional du Cameroun." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209930.

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Ce travail est le résultat de recherches réalisées d’abord dans le cadre d’un programme d’archéologie préventive (2001-2004), puis d’une bourse doctorale à l’ULB entre 2004 et 2010 (Introduction générale). Les sites étudiés sont localisés dans la région de Kribi (côte camerounaise) et sont essentiellement composés de fosses, qui sont très certainement les vestiges des premières entités villageoises ayant habité la zone forestière atlantique du Cameroun vers ca. 3000BP (Chap. 1). La méthodologie adoptée varie sensiblement selon les deux programmes (Chap. 2). Le matériel analysé, surtout la céramique (Chap. 3, 4 et 5), a été récolté au cours des fouilles de sauvetage et programmées et a permis de définir une chronoséquence générale entre ca. 1000 BC et ca. AD 1000 (Chap. 6) qui comprend trois traditions céramiques :la Tradition de Bissiang (période de Transition Âge de la Pierre/Âge du Fer, Cal 1000-400 BC), le Groupe de Mpoengu (Âge du Fer I, Cal 400-50 BC) et la Tradition de Bidjoka (Âge du Fer II, Cal AD 0-1000). Cette dernière tradition est aussi contemporaine de l’apparition de sociétés complexes sur la côte méridionale camerounaise et ses environs, dont les sites se caractérisent surtout par la présence de ce qui semble être des structures funéraires, dans lesquelles on trouve de nombreux objets en fer (parures, armes, etc.) disposés de manière particulière et généralement associés à de poteries carénées décorées.

Une étude comparative de la chronoséquence de la zone côtière a été faite avec celles déjà établies pour les zones avoisinantes, notamment au centre du Cameroun et dans les pays voisins (Chap. 7). Ce rapprochement a permis de conclure, entre autres, à une parenté culturelle entre la Tradition de Bissiang et celle d’Obobogo identifiée dans la région de Yaoundé (zone de forêt mixte). Enfin, l’ensemble des études comparatives a aussi conduit à faire quelques spéculations sur le peuplement de l’Afrique Centrale forestière depuis environ 3000 BP (Conclusion générale).


Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
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Solly, Hilary. ""Vous êtes grands, nous sommes petits": the implications of Bulu history, culture and economy for an Integrated Conservation and Development Project (ICDP) in the Dja Reserve, Cameroon." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211362.

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Mezop, Temgoua Alice Lucie. "Archéologie, traditions orales et ethnographie au nord du Cameroun: histoire du peuplement de la région du Faro durant le dernier millénaire." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209940.

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A la limite entre le Cameroun et le Nigéria, la région du Faro est une zone d’extraordinaire diversité, tant du point de vue des populations que de la topographie. Pas moins de 13 groupes ethnolinguistiques y sont documentés, qui appartiennent à 3 grands ensembles linguistiques et se répartissent dans la plaine et les montagnes. Les données de la linguistique indiquent que les représentants des langues adamaoua seraient présents dans la plaine de la Bénoué et du Faro depuis environ quatre mille ans. Au niveau de l'ethnohistoire, on sait que les habitants des plaines sous soumis à l’autorité des Foulbé depuis deux siècles. Mais au delà de cette période, de nombreuses zones d'ombre demeurent. L’histoire des populations de cette partie du bassin de la Bénoué avant le 19ème siècle semblait donc hors d’atteinte, car la région du Faro restait vierge du point de vue archéologique.

Dans ce travail, j’apporte par le biais d'une approche historique et comparative des éléments susceptible d’expliquer, d’une part la complexité qui caractérise le peuplement du Faro et, d’autre part, la façon dont le peuplement de cette région a évolué au cours du dernier millénaire. Il est également question de faire progresser la réflexion méthodologique, en évaluant la façon dont les modèles obtenus par l’archéologie peuvent être confrontés avec ceux qui se basent sur les traditions orales, les éléments de la culture matérielle actuelle et la linguistique.

L’étude des traditions orales a permis de classer par ordre chronologique les éléments historiques importants et d’établir une histoire du peuplement durant ces derniers siècles. Elle confirme qu’il est possible de reconnaître des racines remontant au delà du 19ème siècle à la plupart des groupes qui peuplent encore la région aujourd’hui, ainsi que de nombreuses ruptures dans l’histoire du peuplement du Faro. Contrairement aux travaux antérieurs, la plus importante de ces fractures date du début du 19ème siècle, avec l’occupation des conquérants foulbé, qui ont provoqué l’insécurité généralisée, la division de la région en deux et les plus importantes déportations de populations des plaines vers les montagnes refuges.

L’approche archéologique a permis d’établir la première séquence chrono-culturelle du Faro au cours du dernier millénaire. Si la présence d’un peuplement ancien dans la plaine était envisagée, l’étude archéologique apporte la preuve que des communautés humaines vivent dans le Faro depuis environ 1000 ans. A partir du 15ème siècle, des modifications surviennent. Celles-ci se manifestent surtout par l’apparition d’une nouvelle poterie ornée au Blepharis sp. Lorsque l’on compare la carte de distribution des sites associés à cette céramique, au trajet suivi par les Bata, qui remontent le cours du Faro en implantant des villages et à l’aire d’extension des langues tchadiques au Faro, il semble plausible que de nouvelles populations occupent la région vers le milieu du dernier millénaire de notre ère. Pour le 19ème siècle bien documenté par les traditions orales, les données archéologiques viennent renforcer l’idée d’une profonde rupture durant cette période.

En abordant l’histoire du peuplement du Faro, il était nécessaire d’examiner le concept de l’ethnicité comme il est classiquement employé dans la région. D’une manière générale, l’étude conforte l’idée qu’il est très difficile d’aborder la profondeur historique des identités des groupes actuels.

La confrontation entre les faits des cultures vivantes et les résultats archéologiques a permis d’évaluer les potentialités de raisonnements historique et comparatif. On ne peut que constater, dans cet exemple concret, le grand intérêt qu’il y a à fonder la reconstitution du passé sur de multiples sources.


Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
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Mokake, Flavius Mayoa. "Isolation, Control and Rehabilitation: A Social and Medical History of Leprosy Treatment and Leprosaria in Cameroon, 1916-1975." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1522500055205231.

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Hales, Kevin. "The Moving Finger: A Rhetorical, Grammatological and Afrinographic Exploration of Nsibidi in Nigeria and Cameroon." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1431071905.

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Anafak, Lemofak Antoine Japhet. "La Belgique et l'Afrique centrale, diversification ou néocolonialisme? dynamique de la politique de coopération belge au Cameroun et dans ses anciennes colonies, 1960-1990." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210145.

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Le travail de recherche intitulé :«La Belgique et l’Afrique centrale, diversification ou néocolonialisme ?Dynamique de la coopération belge au Cameroun et dans ses anciennes colonies (1960-1990) » s’interroge sur la mise en œuvre et le déploiement de la coopération belge en Afrique centrale principalement au Cameroun. Il développe cette politique au Cameroun sous un regard global des intérêts belges dans son pré carré c'est-à- dire dans ses anciennes colonies dans le contexte de guerre froide et de construction européenne. C’est également le contexte de la mise en place du marché commun, de la signature des accords de Yaoundé entre la CEE et EAMA (Etats Africains et Malgaches Associés). Les aspects analysés prennent aussi en compte la France autre ancienne métropole de la région.

Cette thèse insiste sur les éléments de mise en place et les fondements de la politique étrangère de la Belgique en Afrique centrale. Elle analyse sa présence depuis la colonisation du Congo, du Ruanda-Urundi et développe le processus de mutation de la Belgique dans la sous-région à la faveur des indépendances. Cette accession à la souveraineté des territoires leur attribuait le statut d’acteur de la communauté internationale. L’adaptation de la Belgique à cette nouvelle donne l’oblige à étendre son espace de captation d’intérêts par l’établissement des relations diplomatiques avec de nombreux pays de la région parmi lesquels le Cameroun. Le choix du Cameroun comme pays d'appui à la politique belge dans la région en dehors de ses colonies est le fait de nombreuses justifications que cette thèse démontre.

Ce travail insiste sur les rapports politiques entre le Cameroun et la Belgique notamment les éléments expliquant la coopération diplomatique et politique entre le Cameroun et la Belgique. Celle-ci était basée sur un soutien mutuel dans la lutte contre les mouvements rebelles procommunistes au Cameroun et au Congo dans les années 60. Cet ouvrage développe l'organisation de l’action conjointe de la Belgique et du Cameroun dans la lutte contre le communisme en Afrique centrale principalement au Congo en période de guerre froide, les éléments prouvant le soutien de la Belgique au Cameroun dans sa lutte contre les activistes nationalistes de l’UPC et réciproquement, les actions montrant la collaboration et la compréhension du Cameroun envers la Belgique dans la gestion des conflits d’après indépendance au Congo, au Rwanda et au Burundi.

De plus, cette thèse évoque la dynamique de la politique étrangère de la Belgique à partir de 1965 dans la région. Dans cette section marquée par l’arrivée de Mobutu au pouvoir et le coup d’Etat de Micombero au Burundi, ce travail détaille les éléments qui justifient le renforcement des relations politiques entre le Cameroun et la Belgique après 1965 par l’analyse du contexte national et international de mise en place de cette politique après 1967. Un contexte marqué par la réélection d’Ahmadou Ahidjo et le renforcement de son pouvoir et le départ du socialiste Paul-Henri Spaak, remplacé par le démocrate-chrétien Pierre Harmel. Ce dernier instaure une nouvelle politique dite de diversification et de distanciation envers le régime de Mobutu. Le constat est que cette diversification a profité au Cameroun, devenu progressivement un partenaire privilégié de la Belgique dans la région après la visite officielle d’Ahidjo de 1967 à Bruxelles.

Ce travail analyse les rapports qu’entretenaient la Belgique et le Cameroun dans les organisations internationales en rapport avec la situation interne de son pré-carré d’Afrique centrale, notamment les circonstances du soutien de la candidature du Zaïre à l’entrée dans l’Union Douanière et Economique d’Afrique Centrale (UDEAC) et plus tard dans la création de l’Union Economique d’Afrique Centrale (UEAC) en 1969. Le soutien mutuel des candidatures belges et camerounaises dans les instances internationales à partir des années septante, les incidences de l’entrée du Royaume-Uni de Grande Bretagne et l’Irlande du Nord au sein de la Communauté Economique Européenne (la convention de Lomé I) sur la politique étrangère belge menée par Renaat Van Elslande, les implications de la zaïrianisation sur les relations belgo-zaïroises, l’arrivée au pouvoir de Juvénal Habyarimana au Rwanda et la renégociation des accords d’indépendance entre le Cameroun et la France. La Belgique et ces pays souhaitaient une approche plus consensuelle des grandes questions internationales, notamment le nouvel ordre économique international, le conflit du proche orient, la question de la décolonisation des territoires portugais d’Afrique centrale, la généralisation des conflits armés et des assassinats politiques.

La présence militaire belge en Afrique centrale est un fait colonial. Un rappel nécessaire de cette présence militaire depuis la période coloniale nous a permis de nous interroger sur la gestion difficile du devenir de ces soldats après les indépendances du Congo, du Rwanda et du Burundi, notamment pendant la crise Katangaise. Ces difficultés rencontrées au Congo poussent la Belgique à trouver des dérivatifs pour se désengager militairement au Ruanda-Urundi après l’indépendance en 1962. La visite officielle de juin 1967 d’Ahmadou Ahidjo en Belgique marque le début d’une intense coopération militaire entre la Belgique et le Cameroun. Les deux pays coopèrent pour la livraison du matériel de guerre par la Fabrique d’Herstal à Liège, et dans la formation les officiers camerounais en Belgique. Plusieurs facteurs justifiant cette coopération avec le Cameroun sont énumérés dans cette thèse. De plus, ce travail retrace l’implication de la Belgique dans les guerres du Shaba et ses initiatives en faveur d’une paix globale dans la région autour les années 80.

Le troisième grand axe de cette thèse développe la présence de la Belgique en Afrique centrale dans le cadre de la Communauté Economique Européenne. Après avoir expliqué l'historique et l'évolution du FED, nous avons exploré le poids de la présence belge au sein du Fond Européen de Développement par rapport à la France et les autres Etats de la CEE pour constater sa faiblesse dans cette institution contrôlée par la France l’Allemagne. Ce qui justifie son choix de renforcer la coopération bilatérale dans la région. Enfin, ce thèse insiste sur ces relations économiques bilatérales de la Belgique en Afrique centrale, principalement au Cameroun en comparaison avec les anciennes colonies pour voir l'influence de la Belgique au Cameroun, au Congo, au Rwanda et au Burundi depuis les indépendances jusqu'aux années nonante.


Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
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Samekomba, André Yves. "Le laïc camerounais face à une "double fidélité". Analyse du problème de « dichotomie » dans la vie du laïc d’aujourd’hui, à la lumière de l’histoire du laïcat camerounais." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040210.

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L’objectif de la présente recherche est d’analyser la « dichotomie » que l’on observe habituellement dans la pratique chrétienne de nombreux fidèles africains. Ils sont en effet partagés entre, d'une part, un fort et sincère attachement à l’Eglise catholique avec ses principes, et d'autre part, un recours aux pratiques rituelles des cultures africaines traditionnelles pour résoudre les problèmes de la vie quotidienne. Après un ressourcement dans l’histoire du laïcat en Pays beti, nous avons noté la réalité de ce problème. Mais nos investigations nous ont conduit à opérer un discernement dans l’herméneutique de cette question. Le problème de la « dichotomie religieuse» ne se pose plus de la même manière aujourd’hui qu’au sein de l’Église missionnaire ou même dans la période post-missionnaire des années 60. D’où la nécessité d’un redéploiement historique pour une bonne herméneutique de ce problème. Notre analyse nous conduit à des déplacements herméneutiques quant aux mobiles de ce malaise dans la pratique chrétienne des laïcs africains. Les défis d’une société moderne et même postmoderne ne sont plus seulement les conflits entre traditions ancestrales et culture christiano-occidentale. C’est en ce sens que l’on peut penser que le constat de « dichotomie » est beaucoup plus l’expression de ce malaise moderne que la désignation de la crise la plus fondamentale. Le principal défi du laïc aujourd’hui est l’adaptation du vécu de sa foi dans une société moderne aux interpellations multiformes. L’urgence pastorale est donc dans la prise en compte de la nouvelle donne socioreligieuse d’aujourd’hui. D’où la pertinence d’une « pastorale des signes des temps »
The purpose of this research is to analyze the "dichotomy" whose many African faithful are subjected in their Christian practices. In fact, they are divided between, on one hand, a strong and sincere commitment to Catholic Church with its principles, and on the other hand, an appeal to traditional African cultures and ritual practices to solve their daily life problems. A survey of the history of the laity in the Betiland provides us the framework on which we build our analysis. Our investigation reveals a hermeneutical problem. In dealing with the problem of ‘dichotomy’ in the Betiland, two periods are to be acknowledged: the Missionary Period (until 1960) and Post Missionary Period (until today). Because of these two periods, there is a need of re-assessing an historical reading of the problem. This reading leads us inevitably to hermeneutical shifts in assessing the reasons of the malaise whom the African layman is confronted in his Christian practice. As a matter of fact, our discovery is that the challenges of a modern and even post-modern society are not only conflicts between traditions and Western Christian culture. There are results of a more fundamental crisis: the crisis of secular world. From this standpoint, the word ‘dichotomy’ becomes more than the expression of a solely post-modern malaise. It becomes a word that expresses the main challenge of today’s secular world in search of the adaptation of faith in modern society as this society faces multi breakdowns; thus our interest of evaluating its use on pastoral field and its relevance in terms of a "pastoral care of the signs of the times"
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Samekomba, André Yves. "Le laïc camerounais face à une "double fidélité". Analyse du problème de « dichotomie » dans la vie du laïc d’aujourd’hui, à la lumière de l’histoire du laïcat camerounais." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040210.

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L’objectif de la présente recherche est d’analyser la « dichotomie » que l’on observe habituellement dans la pratique chrétienne de nombreux fidèles africains. Ils sont en effet partagés entre, d'une part, un fort et sincère attachement à l’Eglise catholique avec ses principes, et d'autre part, un recours aux pratiques rituelles des cultures africaines traditionnelles pour résoudre les problèmes de la vie quotidienne. Après un ressourcement dans l’histoire du laïcat en Pays beti, nous avons noté la réalité de ce problème. Mais nos investigations nous ont conduit à opérer un discernement dans l’herméneutique de cette question. Le problème de la « dichotomie religieuse» ne se pose plus de la même manière aujourd’hui qu’au sein de l’Église missionnaire ou même dans la période post-missionnaire des années 60. D’où la nécessité d’un redéploiement historique pour une bonne herméneutique de ce problème. Notre analyse nous conduit à des déplacements herméneutiques quant aux mobiles de ce malaise dans la pratique chrétienne des laïcs africains. Les défis d’une société moderne et même postmoderne ne sont plus seulement les conflits entre traditions ancestrales et culture christiano-occidentale. C’est en ce sens que l’on peut penser que le constat de « dichotomie » est beaucoup plus l’expression de ce malaise moderne que la désignation de la crise la plus fondamentale. Le principal défi du laïc aujourd’hui est l’adaptation du vécu de sa foi dans une société moderne aux interpellations multiformes. L’urgence pastorale est donc dans la prise en compte de la nouvelle donne socioreligieuse d’aujourd’hui. D’où la pertinence d’une « pastorale des signes des temps »
The purpose of this research is to analyze the "dichotomy" whose many African faithful are subjected in their Christian practices. In fact, they are divided between, on one hand, a strong and sincere commitment to Catholic Church with its principles, and on the other hand, an appeal to traditional African cultures and ritual practices to solve their daily life problems. A survey of the history of the laity in the Betiland provides us the framework on which we build our analysis. Our investigation reveals a hermeneutical problem. In dealing with the problem of ‘dichotomy’ in the Betiland, two periods are to be acknowledged: the Missionary Period (until 1960) and Post Missionary Period (until today). Because of these two periods, there is a need of re-assessing an historical reading of the problem. This reading leads us inevitably to hermeneutical shifts in assessing the reasons of the malaise whom the African layman is confronted in his Christian practice. As a matter of fact, our discovery is that the challenges of a modern and even post-modern society are not only conflicts between traditions and Western Christian culture. There are results of a more fundamental crisis: the crisis of secular world. From this standpoint, the word ‘dichotomy’ becomes more than the expression of a solely post-modern malaise. It becomes a word that expresses the main challenge of today’s secular world in search of the adaptation of faith in modern society as this society faces multi breakdowns; thus our interest of evaluating its use on pastoral field and its relevance in terms of a "pastoral care of the signs of the times"
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Nlend, Nlend Pascal. "Les traditions céramiques dans leur contexte archéologique sur le littoral camerounais (Kribi-Campo) de 3000 à 500 BP." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209563.

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Les recherches archéologiques sur le littoral méridional du Cameroun ont connu un essor depuis le début des années 2000. Les prospections, ont mis en évidence trente-huit sites archéologiques dans la région de Kribi-Campo. L’analyse du matériel issu des fouilles révèle l’existence de trois traditions céramiques régionales et d’un groupe plus local, datés de 1100 BC à AD 1460. Cela correspond à la transition de l’Age de la Pierre à l’Age du Fer Ancien, et à un contexte paléo-environnemental qui varie entre phases sèches et humides. Ses populations avaient un mode de subsistance basé sur la cueillette, la chasse, la pêche et probablement l’agriculture. Sédentaires, elles creusaient des fosses dont certaines ont eu des fonctions rituelles. Au cours de l’Age du Fer Ancien, des structures funéraires ont été identifiées. La disposition particulière des poteries et leur association à de multiples objets en fer semblent indiquer qu’on serait en présence de tombes d’une élite. Cela suggère la présence d’une société hiérarchisée s’étendant au-delà de la région de Kribi-Campo jusqu’en Guinée équatoriale il y a environ 2000 ans./Archaeological research on the southern coast of Cameroon has been rapidly expanding since the beginning of 2000. Recent surveys revealed 38 archaeological sites in the Kribi-Campo region. The analysis of the material extracted from excavations provides three regional ceramic traditions and one local ceramic group, dated between 1100 BC and 1460 AD. This corresponds to the transitional period of the Late Stone Age and Early Iron Age, which from a palaeoenvironmental perspective, was characterized by dry and humid phases.

This population lived a sedentary lifestyle, based on hunting, gathering, fishing and probably also on agriculture. They dug out pits, of which some might have had a ritual function.

Funerary structures were identified, dating to the Early Iron Age. The specific disposition of pots and their association with different iron objects seem to indicate the presence of elite graves. This hierarchical society might have spread beyond the Kribi-Campo region about 2000 years ago as similar burial sites were found in Equatorial Guinea.


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Mboyi, Moukanda Laure Cynthia. "La pratique des échanges commerciaux dans la société précoloniale du Gabon : XVIe-[XIXe] siècles." Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00984318.

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Cette thèse porte sur la pratique des échanges et du commerce dans la société précoloniale du Gabon. L'enjeu est d'étudier cette pratique en privilégiant un angle d'approche général au départ, et en mettant en œuvre une démarche analytique progressive, afin de saisir les acteurs, les modes de production mais également les produits faisant l'objet de ces échanges. L'objet " La pratique des échanges commerciaux dans la société précoloniale du Gabon : XVIe-XIXe siècle " se situe à la croisée des relations internationales, de l'analyse des contacts avec les peuples de " l'extérieur ", de processus d'européanisation et peut donc faire l'objet d'approche différentes selon les variables qu'on entend privilégier. Nous avons choisi de l'étudier selon une démarche non seulement historique mais anthropologique et sociologique qui nous conduisent à privilégier certains concepts clés : historique des peuples, étude de leur milieu et mode de vie, configurations de relations entre acteurs structurant un nouvel espace social d'interactions. D'un point de vue méthodologique, cette étude s'appuie sur une démarche qualitative et privilégie l'usage des entretiens : le corpus de compose d'une cinquantaine d'entretiens, complétés par l'audio-visuel, la littérature spécialisée et grise sur le sujet. Elle se compose de deux parties, découpées en six (6) chapitres totaux. Dans une première partie, la thèse se concentre sur l'historique des peuples du Gabon précolonial en prenant en compte les facteurs, les circuits et les dénouements des migrations, en l'occurrence les implantations de ces groupes ethniques dans leur habitat actuel. Elle s'étend ensuite sur l'étude de l'organisation sociale politique et culturelle des peuples à travers l'analyse des structures parentale, matrimoniale, juridique et culturelle. Enfin, cette partie précise le contexte et le jeu des différents acteurs à l'origine du développement de ces échanges : la production agricole et artisanale favorisée d'une part par la division sociale du travail et la spécialisation des groupes et d'autre part par les failles écologiques (l'inégal répartition de ressources, aridité des sols, animaux dévastateurs des cultures). Dans un second temps, la thèse fait porter l'analyse sur le déroulement des activités d'échange d'une part et de commerce d'autre part. Elle met en relief les différents circuits empruntés par les acteurs et les produits ainsi que les zones d'aboutissement. D'abord, elle fait une description des échanges en milieu local mettent en scène les membres des mêmes milieux ou des milieux proches les uns des autres. Cette interdépendance observée au sein des groupes avait comme base les liens de familiarité ou d'amitié entre ces différents groupes d'acteurs concernés. Ensuite, est évoqué le système d'échange hors des territoires, quoi que le concept territoire ne soit qu'employé de façon péjorative. Cette catégorie d'échange fait naître des contacts entre les populations avec celles des localités environnantes du nord au sud, de l'est à l'ouest. Enfin, le poids de l'abolition de la traite des noirs joue à un niveau macro comme obstacle des activités économiques des européens, ce qui soulève dès lors des enjeux capitalistes pour ces derniers. La naissance de cette économie de traitre, mais également son déroulement et son ascendance sur l'économie traditionnelle préexistante font l'objet de notre troisième et dernier chapitre de cette seconde partie. Entre héritage et ajustements de nature, ces politiques économiques vont mettre en place de types de monnaies, de produits et d'habitudes. Là encore, le poids des cultures et des habitudes étrangères à ces peuples, limitaient la pratique des échanges traditionnels, développant les effets d'apprentissage aux métiers pourvoyeur du gain.
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Books on the topic "Cameroon, history"

1

Ian, Fowler, and Zeitlyn David, eds. African crossroads: Intersections between history and anthropology in Cameroon. Providence: Berghahn Books, 1996.

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Sheehan, Sean. Cameroon. 2nd ed. New York: Marshall Cavendish Benchmark, 2011.

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Sheehan, Sean. Cameroon. New York: Marshall Cavendish, 2001.

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Mbuagbaw, Tambi Eyongetah. A History of the Cameroon. 2nd ed. Burnt Mill, Harlow, Essex, England: Longman, 1987.

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1940-, Njeuma M. Z., ed. Introduction to the history of Cameroon: Nineteenth and twentieth centuries. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1989.

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Mangula, Lucas Tazanu. Ordinary level history for Cameroon schools. 2nd ed. [Buea]: Anucam Educational Books, 2006.

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Ndi, Anthony. Southern/West Cameroon revisited. Bamenda [Cameroon]: Paul's Press, 2013.

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Achanyi-Fontem, James. Cameroon, remember April 6. [Cameroon]: Cathca Fund Publication, 1993.

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Mokake, John N. Basic facts on Cameroon history since 1884. Limbe, Cameroon: Cure Series, 2006.

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Edwin, Ardener. Kingdom on Mount Cameroon: Studies in the history of the Cameroon Coast, 1500-1970. Providence: Berghahn Books, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Cameroon, history"

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Joseph, George. "Cameroon." In Comparative History of Literatures in European Languages, 151–58. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/chlel.vi.15jos.

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Lambert, Fernando. "Cameroon." In Comparative History of Literatures in European Languages, 557–74. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/chlel.vi.42lam.

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Goodridge, Richard. "Women and Plantations in West Cameroon since 1900." In Engendering History, 384–402. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-07302-0_20.

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Shanklin, Eugenia. "Natural disasters in the oral history of West Cameroon." In Natural Hazards in West and Central Africa, 57–62. Wiesbaden: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-05239-5_7.

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Yovsi, Relindis D. "Parenting Among the Nso of the Northwest Province of Cameroon." In Science Across Cultures: The History of Non-Western Science, 253–66. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7503-9_19.

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Nkwi, Walter Gam. "Print Media, Memories and History of Football in Erstwhile West Cameroon, 1961–1969." In Discourses in Sport Communication in Africa and the African Diaspora, 102–17. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003462156-7.

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Ceríaco, Luis M. P., Bruna S. Santos, Ricardo F. de Lima, Rayna C. Bell, Sietze J. Norder, and Martim Melo. "Physical Geography of the Gulf of Guinea Oceanic Islands." In Biodiversity of the Gulf of Guinea Oceanic Islands, 13–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06153-0_2.

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AbstractThe Gulf of Guinea, in the Atlantic coast of Central Africa, has three oceanic islands that arose as part of the Cameroon Volcanic Line. From northeast to southwest these are Príncipe (139 km2), São Tomé (857 km2), and Annobón (17 km2). Although relatively close to the adjacent mainland, the islands have distinct climactic and geomorphologic characteristics, and have remained isolated throughout their geological history. Consequently, they have developed a unique biodiversity, rich in endemic species. We provide an integrated overview of the physical setting of the islands, including their geographic location, geological origin, topography, geology and soils, climate zones, and prevailing wind and ocean currents—key features that underlie the evolution of their biodiversity.
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Mabeu, Marie Christelle, and Roland Pongou. "The Interplay Between Colonial History and Postcolonial Institutions." In The Oxford Handbook of the Economy of Cameroon, 63–94. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780192848529.013.3.

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Abstract We study the long-term impacts of Cameroon’s colonial history and its interplay with postcolonial institutions. We exploit both the arbitrary division of the German Colony of Kamerun between France and Britain after the First World War and the 1961 reunification of British Southern Cameroons and French Cameroon. Comparing individuals from the same ethnic homeland but living on either side of the British-French border within Cameroon, we find that individuals on the British side had higher educational attainment before the reunification, but that this initial advantage was partially erased by post-reunification governance. Despite achieving higher educational attainment overall, individuals on the British side have worse employment outcomes and roughly similar infant mortality rates. We provide further evidence of the interaction between colonial origins and postcolonial institutions by analyzing how the outcomes of individuals in former Southern Cameroons differ from their hypothetical outcomes, had they instead opted to join Nigeria in the 1961 plebiscite. We find that they have lower educational attainment, higher infant mortality rates, and worse employment outcomes relative to their co-ethnics living on the Nigerian side of the border between Southern Cameroons and Nigeria.
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"Learning from Cameroon’s History of Non-formal Training." In Visual Arts in Cameroon, 291–308. Langaa RPCIG, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvh9vwpg.9.

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Sharp, Thomas. "The changing boundaries of resistance: the UPC and France in Cameroonian history and memory." In Francophone Africa at fifty, 189–203. Manchester University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9780719089305.003.0013.

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Thomas Sharp elaborates on the case of the Union des Populations du Cameroun (UPC), which became an underground guerilla movement in Cameroon after 1955. The UPC attempted in this period and well into the 1960s to build up an international anticolonial network, to mobilize against the structures of collusion between the Ahidjo Government and French institutions. Sharp notably offers a fresh interpretation of UPC activities between 1962 and 1966, which as a phase of the movement has not yet attracted scholarly interest. He links these experiences to the new situation of Cameroon under multi-party democracy from the 1990s, in which many opposition groups have attempted to ‘reveal’ this ‘hidden history’, as a method to secure international support for their political projects. This is especially true of secessionist Anglophone groups, whose leaders, like those of the UPC, claim to have been dispossessed of a ‘true’ independence by the continuation of neo-colonial relationships, as brutal and marginalizing practices.
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Conference papers on the topic "Cameroon, history"

1

Petri, M. B. "Structural Assesment of Existing Suspension Bridge between Cameroon and Nigeria." In IABSE Symposium, Wroclaw 2020: Synergy of Culture and Civil Engineering – History and Challenges. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/wroclaw.2020.0283.

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<p>Our firm performed an inspection and analysis of an existing suspension bridge crossing the 'Cross River' between Cameroon and Nigeria. The bridge was designed in the 1940s by a British company and was completed in the early 1950s. Once the original drawings were located in an archive in the</p><p>U.K. a team was established to examine the existing bridge. The bridge was surveyed and all information collected in the field and archives was processed in the office for a detailed review report including the status of all the elements including ranking and identifying major defects. A full model of the bridge was computerized based on the findings and calculated for both the original and up to date loads in order to examine the capacity of the bridge members and the global stability. From the information collected and calculated, the recommendation was to preserve the bridge as a unique element in Nigeria's heritage.</p>
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Ninga, M. Chembou, G. Ponte, T. Rouat, P. Murray, R. C. Ozioko, A. Bois, and O. Oredolapo. "Drilling and Completing of Highly Depleted and Unconsolidated Sand Requiring Overbalance Mud Weight for Shale Layer. A Control Made Possible with Strong Well Planning Optimization and Mechanical Earth Model Iteration." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/216348-ms.

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Abstract Cameroon, Rio del Rey basin has been developed in the late 70's with more than 400 wells drilled & producing from different reservoirs in vertically (stacked reservoir) and horizontally (faulted) compartmentalized fields. The long production history of these fields coupled with the under-compaction state of some deep geological formation tends to raise a real challenge to any operator which would plan to drill infill wells in this context to sustain the production rate. The addition of any drainage points in currently producing reservoirs must pass through in-depth analysis of the current state of stress in the drilled zone. One must consider the under compaction of shale layers requiring high MW to counteract the collapse pressure, the huge depletion of the targeted reservoir and the need to maintain a minimum overbalance in front of unproduced layers at virgin pore pressure. The resulting narrow margin between pore pressure & collapse pressure on the low end, and the fracture propagation and initiation pressure in the higher end, can drive to non drillability of the wells planned. However, thanks to thorough trajectory optimization - mainly well inclination angle at the entry of reservoir section - and iteration supported by a solid 1D Mechanical Earth Model (MEM), it was possible to drill two sidetracks (ESM-1ST & ESM-2ST) in this challenging environment, with up to 3000psi overbalance in front of severely depleted permeable formations, completed by a cemented 5½″ liner in 6¾″ open hole. It was possible to validate the possibility to enlarge drilling envelope by increasing the fracture pressure thanks to inclination and even being able to operate beyond this limit thanks to strong wellbore strengthening procedure implemented. Improvement process through lessons learnt from the first sidetrack helped to drill and case off the second sidetrack well successfully.
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McGovern, Steve, Maurice Rouen, and Tim Addington. "West Cameron 76 field development case history." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2000. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1816122.

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Pitts, Alan, Achim D. Herrmann, John T. Haynes, Gabriele Giuli, Stefano Mazzoli, and Claudio Di Celma. "PROVENANCE AND SYNTECTONIC DEPOSITIONAL HISTORY OF THE MIOCENE CAMERINO DEEPWATER BASIN, CENTRAL ITALY." In GSA 2020 Connects Online. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020am-359782.

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Knapp, S., N. Payne, and T. Johns. "Imaging Improvements Utilizing 3D Multicomponent Seismic Data - a Case History in West Cameron Area, Gulf of Mexico." In 63rd EAGE Conference & Exhibition. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.15.p106.

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E. Pickard, J. "Velocity modelling of a long-period static anomaly, West Cameron Block 225, a Gulf of Mexico case history." In EAGE/SEG Research Workshop 1990. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201411904.

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Sinha Roy, Swagata, and Kavitha Subaramaniam. "READING TOURS INTO MALAYSIAN NARRATIVES: LOCALES IN THE GARDEN OF EVENING MISTS AND THE NIGHT TIGER." In GLOBAL TOURISM CONFERENCE 2021. PENERBIT UMT, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46754/gtc.2021.11.051.

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If one has not read local English novels like The Garden of Evening Mists and The Night Tiger, one would never be able to imagine the wonders of locales depicted in these two books. One of the reasons the authors here want to visit a said destination is because of the way a certain place is pictured in narratives. Tan Twan Eng brings to life the beauty of Japanese gardens in Cameron Highlands, in the backdrop of postWorld War II while Yangsze Choo takes us into several small towns of Kinta Valley in the state of Perak in her beautifully woven tale of the superstitions and beliefs of the local people in Chinese folklore and myth in war torn Malaysia in the 1930s and after. Many of the places mentioned in these two novels should be considered places to visit by tourists local and international. Although these Malaysian novelists live away from Malaysia, they are clearly ambassadors of the Malaysian cultural and regional heritage. In this paper, a few of the places in the novel will be looked at as potential spots for the coming decade. The research questions considered here are i) what can be done to make written narratives the new trend to pave the way for Visit Malaysia destinations? ii) how could these narratives be promoted as guides to the history and culture of Malaysia? The significant destinations and the relevant cultural history of the regions will be discussed in-depth to come to a relevant conclusion.
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Bierly, Aaron D. "THE PRE-HISTORIC AND HISTORIC GEOLOGIC IMPACTS OF ICE AND WATER WITHIN THE PA WILDS: A STUDY OF THE SURFICIAL DEPOSITS IN THE RICH VALLEY 7.5-MINUTE QUADRANGLE, CAMERON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA." In 53rd Annual GSA Northeastern Section Meeting - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018ne-310720.

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Valero, Enrique, Alan Forster, Frédéric Bosché, Lyn Wilson, and Alick Leslie. "COMPARISON OF 3D REALITY CAPTURE TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE SURVEY OF STONE WALLS." In ARQUEOLÓGICA 2.0 - 8th International Congress on Archaeology, Computer Graphics, Cultural Heritage and Innovation. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/arqueologica8.2016.2582.

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The maintenance of the external fabric of historic buildings constitutes a large portion of overall building life cycle costs.Advanced reality capture and data processing technologies have the potential to transform existing survey practice,providing surveyors with objective data pertaining to building fabric, in a more rapid (frequent), safe and cost-effectivemanner. In this paper, we present a unique evaluation of several Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) and photogrammetric(PG) systems that assess their relative strengths for the survey of stone walls. The assessment is conducted using anhistoric building selected for its representativeness of form, fabric and condition. The work considers performance interms of data accuracy and precision, data completeness, and process efficiency. The results show that, while TLSprovides good geometric data to generate accurate and valuable 3D models, the quality of PG reconstructions can bealso be sufficient in such contexts. And considering the relatively low-cost and portability of modern digital camerascompared to laser scanners, photogrammetry can constitute a realistic alternative to TLS. In addition, mounting a cameraon a UAV could further solve access issues, preventing the need for any additional infrastructure (e.g. scaffolding), whichwould be required when employing TLS. However, a lesson drawn from this work is that effective acquisition ofphotogrammetric data requires careful planning to select the appropriate camera settings and picture density (andlocations) to ensure accurate and reliable photogrammetric reconstruction. This process may be referred to as: Planningfor Photogrammetry (P4P).
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Pei, Yuyi, Ning Zhang, and Dimitrios Dermisis. "Numerical and Experimental Study of Wave Over Coastal Levee Structures." In ASME 2016 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2016 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2016-7581.

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Louisiana coast experiences significant erosion due to wave actions. The loss of beaches in some coastal areas in Louisiana is severe. There are wetlands and marshes located in the coastal areas. Wetland loss is a major threat to the coast areas. 3D numerical simulations of wave-levee interactions were conducted, and the results were analyzed to determine the flow characteristics and surface shear distributions. The simulation setup is exactly the same as an experiment conducted in a wave tank facility. The velocity histories on different locations near the test levee surface were compared, and the agreement is very good, therefore the simulation is validated. A test levee system was also constructed on a test Gulf beach site, approximately 4.6 miles west of Holly Beach in Cameron Parish, Louisiana. Long term observation of erosion was conducted, and survey data showing the change of the test levee were produced. From the observations, the loss of this portion of Gulf beach is significant during the 2-year research period. Real-time images were recorded to show this significant change in topography. The losses of the levee materials during the entire project period were quantified based on the survey data. The history of the loss was plotted. It indicates some major storm event contributed to significant losses and erosion of the test structure. It can be seen from the results that the real-time erosion pattern on the test site agrees reasonably with the surface shear patterns from the simulations. In the numerical simulation, commercial package ANSYS-FLUENT was used. A free-surface flow model is adopted with open channel wave boundary conditions. A grid-independence study was performed to determine to appropriate grid resolution to be used in the simulation. Parallel computing was conducted due to the expensive cost of this 3D simulation with relatively fine grid resolutions.
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Reports on the topic "Cameroon, history"

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Kanno, Yoichiro, Dan Preston, Yoichiro Kanno, and Dan Preston. Fisheries inventories at Rocky Mountain National Park to inform cutthroat trout conservation and recreational angling decision post-fire. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2304877.

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The Cameron Peak Fire and East Troublesome Fire of 2020 were the two largest wildfires in Colorado history. They burned approximately 9% of the Rocky Mountain National Park, raising a concern for trout populations that currently support recreational fishing and success of on-going and future efforts to conserve native trout populations. We inventoried habitat characteristics and biological communities at 19 sites in summer of 2021 and a subset of 11 sites in summer of 2022 to characterize wildfire impacts on aquatic resources, with the focus on characterizing trout population responses. There was much site-to-site variation in the trout population responses, but when averaged across sites using Bayesian hierarchical models, trout abundance significantly decreased in 2021 relative to pre-fire abundance, and the decrease was more evident in smaller trout (75-125 mm total length) than in larger trout (> 125 mm). From 2021 to 2022, trout abundance generally increased, although the increase was statistically significant only in small trout. Although pre-fire data were lacking for benthic macroinvertebrates, their abundance and composition was comparable between burned sites and those outside the fire perimeter, indicating that prey availability to trout was not limited. Our results show that trout abundance decreased post-fire, but trout populations were not eradicated and are likely in a recovery phase. These data cannot be used to argue for stocking trout to sustain recreational fisheries or discontinuing native trout conservation actions including the Poudre Headwaters Project.
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