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Ndamsa D. Thomas, Mbiydzenyuy Courage Sevidzem, and Tangwa M. Wiykiynyuy. "Fiscal Decentralization and Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Critical Literature Survey and Perspectives for Future Research in Cameroon." PanAfrican Journal of Governance and Development (PJGD) 3, no. 2 (August 30, 2022): 166–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.46404/panjogov.v3i2.3944.
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Much literature exists on fiscal decentralization and intergovernmental fiscal relations in sub-Saharan Africa, and some of the very salient policy actions that have impacted local government development have emerged from such literature. The developing world, including sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), has markedly promoted fiscal decentralization in the last three decades. However, many important aspects of fiscal decentralization in SSA and Cameroon, in particular, have not been addressed by existing literature. The main objective of this review paper is, therefore, to identify the literature gaps and design an agenda for future research in the areas of fiscal decentralization and intergovernmental fiscal relations that has the potential to impact policy and spur development in Cameroon. A qualitative research methodology (content analysis) is used to gather, group, and offer a critical look at existing literature on the benefits of fiscal decentralization and intergovernmental fiscal relations in sub-Saharan Africa. It uses an integrative review and a standardized approach of abstracting appropriate information from each article and performing an appropriate analysis of the literature survey of a few decentralized countries in SSA as the population focused on in the primary studies. This review paper recommends that areas for further research on FD in Cameroon should include: Types of funding autonomy desired by local government councils in Cameroon; Revenue sharing formulas that are good for Cameroon’s economic development; How central government transfers enhance local revenue mobilization in councils which share the same political affiliation as the ruling party compared to those who do not. Studies that point to new ways of generating supplementary financing at the local level in Cameroon to match the increased responsibilities due to decentralization are still rare. The percentage of shares of central government revenue transfers to local communities is necessary to reduce poverty and inequality, and what agency and criteria should be put in place to control the execution of these transfers? The above recommendations of this review paper will greatly inform theory, policy, and practice on fiscal decentralization realities in SSA as a whole and Cameroon in particular.
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Tabuwe, Manka E., Henry Z. Muluh, Enoh Tanjong, Patience Akpan-Obong, Lawrence Sikali, Augustine Ngongban, Ajibike Olubunmi Itegboje, Kibily Demba Samake, and Victor Wacham A. Mbarika. "Gendering Technologies: Women In Cameroons Pink-Collar ICT Work." International Journal of Management & Information Systems (IJMIS) 17, no. 4 (September 29, 2013): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/ijmis.v17i4.8097.
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This paper examines the rise of low-skilled, low-paying, female dominated jobs in Cameroons information and communication technology (ICT) sector. It seeks to understand why and how women (mostly between the ages of 18 and 35) seem to be naturally drawn to these jobs, described in the literature as pink-collar jobs. Through interviews with ICT workers and observations at ICT training centers and call centers in Buea, a major city in the Southwest Region of Cameroon, the paper explores the factors that hinder womens entry into more technical ICT jobs in Cameroon. It concludes that some of these factors, such as the prior income level of female ICT workers and the absence of female instructors at ICT training centers, further reinforce gender-based job classifications and the rise of ghettoization in Cameroons ICT sector.
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Amin, Julius A. "Cameroon's relations toward Nigeria: a foreign policy of pragmatism." Journal of Modern African Studies 58, no. 1 (February 20, 2020): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x19000545.
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AbstractExisting literature argues that the tactics of Cameroon foreign policy have been conservative, weak and timid. This study refutes that perspective. Based on extensive and previously unused primary sources obtained from Cameroon's Ministry of External Relations and from the nation's archives in Buea and Yaoundé, this study argues that Cameroon's foreign policy was neither timid nor makeshift. Its strategy was one of pragmatism. By examining the nation's policy toward Nigeria in the reunification of Cameroon, the Nigerian civil war, the Bakassi Peninsula crisis and Boko Haram, the study maintains that, while the nation's policy was cautious, its leaders focused on the objectives and as a result scored major victories. The study concludes by suggesting that President Paul Biya invokes the same skills he used in foreign policy to address the ongoing Anglophone problem, a problem that threatens to unravel much of what the country has accomplished.
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Bang, Henry, Lee Miles, and Richard Gordon. "Evaluating local vulnerability and organisational resilience to frequent flooding in Africa: the case of Northern Cameroon." foresight 21, no. 2 (April 8, 2019): 266–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/fs-06-2018-0068.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate local vulnerability and organisational resilience including coping/adaptive capacity to climate risks, specifically frequent flooding in Northern Cameroon. Design/methodology/approach The research is exploratory/deductive and draws upon qualitative methods, secondary and empirical techniques supplemented by semi-structured qualitative interviews with senior disaster managers. Secondary information sources, which include peer review articles, government reports/plans, newspaper articles and other grey literature, enhanced the analysis. Findings The research findings have unveiled the physical and social vulnerability of Northern Cameroon to frequent flooding. Results also show that institutional performance for flood management in Cameroon is ineffective, and adaptive capacity is highly deficient. Cameroon’s legislative framework for flood management is weak, and this exacerbates the poor implementation of structural and non-structural flood management measures. Results also indicate issues with relief, evacuation and foreign assistance in flood management. Recommendations that focus on enhancing capacity of response to frequent flooding via reducing vulnerabilities, managing resilience and enhancing adaptive capacity are provided. Originality/value Using Gallopin’s (2006) model of vulnerability, this paper makes a distinct contribution by offering insights into the role of adaptive capacity in disaster management systems in developing (African) countries via an evaluation of vulnerabilities and organisational resilience to repeated flooding in Northern Cameroon.
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Ngimanang, Victalice Achamoh, and Ibrahim Ngouhouo. "Does Financial Liberalization and Investment Rate Affect Financial Development in Cameroon?" International Journal of Economics and Finance 8, no. 2 (January 24, 2016): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v8n2p136.
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This study investigates the key determining factors of financial development using Cameroons time series data from 1977 to 2010. After over-viewing the financial market and financial development in Cameroon and exploring some relevant literature, the study specifies and estimates long- and short-run functions for financial development using co-integration and error correction techniques. Financial liberalization, Gross investment rate, GDP growth rate, inflation rate and government spending appear to significantly influence the level of credit to the private sector in Cameroon. Gross investment rate significantly promotes financial development in the long- and short run whereas financial liberalization significantly contributes to private credit only in the short run. These results suggest that the efficiency of the financial sector in allocating credit to the private sector could be enhanced by encouraging gross investment in the short and long run and equally by liberalising the financial sector in the short run.
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Fry, Lincoln J. "The Search for a Culture of Bribery in Cameroon." World Journal of Social Science Research 3, no. 2 (May 6, 2016): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/wjssr.v3n2p185.
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<p><em>Introduction:<strong> </strong>This paper addresses systematic corruption in Cameroon. Based on the literature review and a previous study, the research question was “does a culture of bribery exist in Cameroon, and what are its predictors? Method and materials</em><em>:</em><em> Data for this study was collected by the Afrobarometer project from 1,200 Cameroonian respondents Based on self-reported data, the research attempted to determine the volume of bribes paid by respondents to receive public services. Results: Overall, the findings revealed the existence of a culture of bribery in Cameroon; forty-five percent of the respondents reported paying bribes within the last year and 30 percent reported paying two or more bribes in that same time period. Logistical regression analysis revealed that 7 variables were significant predictors of payment of bribes. Being the victim of a property crime was the strongest predictor, which, in turn, drew attention to the role of the police in Cameroon’s bribery culture.</em><em></em></p>
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Nfah-Abbenyi, Juliana Makuchi, and Bole Butake. "Anglophone Cameroon literature: A conversation with Bole Butake." Tydskrif vir letterkunde 53, no. 1 (April 11, 2016): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tvl.v53i1.2.
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Nfah-Abbenyi, Juliana Makuchi, and Ambroise Kom. "Francophone Cameroon literature: A conversation with Ambroise Kom." Tydskrif vir letterkunde 53, no. 1 (April 11, 2016): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tvl.v53i1.3.
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Ashuntantang, Joyce. "Anglophone Cameroon literature 1959–90: A brief overview." Tydskrif vir letterkunde 53, no. 1 (April 11, 2016): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tvl.v53i1.7.
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McDowell, Peggy. "Cameroon Art." African Arts 18, no. 3 (May 1985): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3336366.
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Morse, Yonatan L. "The legislature as political control: change and continuity in Cameroon's National Assembly (1973–2019)." Journal of Modern African Studies 59, no. 4 (December 2021): 485–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x21000288.
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abstractA growing literature has begun to more closely examine African legislatures. However, most of this research has been attentive to emerging democratic settings, and particularly the experiences of a select number of English-speaking countries. By contrast, Cameroon is a Francophone majority country that reintroduced multiparty politics in the early 1990s but continues to exhibit significant authoritarian tendencies. This article provides a longitudinal analysis of Cameroon's National Assembly and builds on a unique biographical dataset of over 900 members of parliament between 1973 and 2019. The article describes changes in the structure and orientation of the legislature as well as the social profile of its members, in particular following the transition to multipartyism. While the legislature in Cameroon remains primarily a tool of political control, it is more dynamic, and the mechanisms used to manage elites within the context of complex multiethnic politics have evolved.
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Ushena Buinwi and Jumai Adama Buinwi. "Challenges and Opportunities in International Trade Policy Implementation: Insights from the Cameroonian Ministry of Trade." International Journal of Management & Entrepreneurship Research 6, no. 7 (July 23, 2024): 2353–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.51594/ijmer.v6i7.1329.
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This study meticulously explores the intricate dynamics of Cameroon's trade policies, aiming to elucidate their current state, identify significant challenges, and propose strategic enhancements for more robust economic integration and growth. Against the backdrop of a globalized economy, Cameroon's trade policies play a crucial role in shaping its economic landscape. The research employed qualitative methodologies, including an extensive literature review of works published by various authors on the topic, to garner a comprehensive understanding of the policy environment. The findings reveal critical barriers such as infrastructural deficits, regulatory inefficiencies, and policy implementation challenges that impede effective trade operations. These obstacles not only hinder trade efficiency but also limit Cameroon's potential to capitalize on global market opportunities. The study concludes with several strategic recommendations: prioritizing infrastructure investment to alleviate logistical bottlenecks, streamlining regulatory frameworks to enhance transparency and reduce bureaucratic hurdles, and improving policy-making processes. These measures are designed to fortify Cameroon's trade policy framework, thereby enhancing its economic prospects and global trade integration. The research underscores the importance of a holistic, strategic approach to trade policy development, advocating for sustained, coordinated efforts among all relevant stakeholders. By addressing the identified challenges and leveraging highlighted opportunities, Cameroon can significantly improve its trade policy outcomes, fostering sustainable economic growth. Keywords: Trade Policy, Cameroon, Economic Integration, Regulatory Framework, Stakeholder Engagement, Infrastructure Investment.
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Daka, A., Y. Wang, and L. Hu. "Public Agrarian Policies and Food Security in Cameroon: Problems and Challenges towards Agricultural Development." European Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 1, no. 4 (July 22, 2021): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejsocial.2021.1.4.77.
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The hunger riots that Cameroon experienced in February 2008 were on the one hand a local manifestation of the world food crisis (2007-2008) and on the other hand, a result of ineffective agricultural policies implemented since the 1960s. The analysis of public food security policies in Cameroon from 1960 to 2008, highlights the inability of the latter to fight effectively against food insecurity and to bring Cameroonian agriculture out of the rut. These riots were likely to have a long-term effect on Cameroon's socio-economic trajectory. Because they were food for thought for the Cameroonian government, which ended up realizing that the constraints facing agricultural development felt an immediate need for solutions after the end of the riots. The post-riot strategies implemented by the Cameroonian government boil down to all the measures taken to stem the impact of the crisis and allow food security to all social strata. However, these economic redistribution strategies adopted by the Cameroonian government to allow the poorest to have access to food at an affordable price still fail to stem the situation. Literature relating to the riots of February 2008 in Cameroon abounds, but little is concerned with the analysis of the causes and post-riot government strategies, which is very crucial to understanding the origins of the problems facing the Cameroonian agricultural community today. This article examines the distant and immediate causes of the February 2008 hunger riots in Cameroon, including the post-riot strategies implemented by the Cameroonian government to combat food insecurity and the contribution of international partners.
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Ngeh, Andrew T., Anyam Pius Mbuh, and Chopnkeng Stanley. "Conscientisation and Political Liberation in Anglophone Cameroonian Poetry: The Poetic Vision of Emmanuel Fru Doh, Bate Besong and Mathew Takwi." Issues in Social Science 3, no. 2 (October 4, 2015): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/iss.v3i2.8393.
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<p>The main thrust of the argument of this paper is that Emmanuel Doh, Bate Besong and Mathew Takwi have used their poetry as a veritable weapon of conscientisation and political liberation in Cameroon. Thus, the three poets blend literature and reality to advance the cause of Anglophone National Liberation in Cameroon. From a clearly Marxist literary perspective, the ideo-aesthetic position of Emmanuel Doh in Wading the Tide (1998), Bate Besong in Just Above Cameroon (1998) and Mathew Takwi in Messing Manners (2014) is very clear, though subtle: these poets view the emancipation and welfare of Anglophones in Cameroon as an index of socio-political growth. <br />In the light of the above assertions, the paper argues that Doh, Besong and Takwi are deeply sensitive and responsive to the realities and moods of moments of collective experience, especially crisis moments. Their poetry is , in fact, a summation of their political and ideological commitments. These poets have endeared themselves to the Anglophone, especially those who are dissatisfied with the present day political dispensation in Cameroon in their attempts to write and be involved with what has become known as “literature of conscientisation and commitment”.</p>
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Ngongkum, Eunice. "‘A crushing curse’: Widowhood in contemporary Anglophone Cameroon literature." Tydskrif vir letterkunde 53, no. 1 (April 11, 2016): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tvl.v53i1.9.
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Alemagi, D., D. Nukpezah, L. Duguma, and K. Fobissie. "An analysis of the institutional framework for REDD+ implementation in Cameroon." International Forestry Review 25, no. 1 (March 1, 2023): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1505/146554823836838736.
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REDD+ is a mechanism that is used to advance the efforts of developing countries that are endowed with forests to mitigate climate change by decreasing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, encouraging conservation and the sustainable management of forests, as well as forest carbon enhancement. In this paper, using a qualitative approach, an analysis was conducted of the institutional framework that governs REDD+ implementation in Cameroon. The roles of the various institutions that play a role in advancing REDD+ implementation in Cameroon were profiled followed by a literature review and, after interviews with REDD+ actors in Cameroon, the results of a SWOT analysis of the institutional framework for REDD+ implementation in Cameroon are presented. It is hoped that the findings of this study will be used by policy makers who are driving the REDD+ process in Cameroon to craft and implement initiatives directed at promoting REDD+ implementation in the country.
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Wilt, Timothy Lloyd. "A Survey of the Linguistic Preferences of Cameroon Pidgin English Speakers." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 9, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.9.1.04wil.
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Pidgin English speakers from five major towns in Anglophone Cameroon were asked to indicate their preferences for linguistic variants of variables whose use in written literature had proven problematic. The relationship between the scores and speakers' mother tongue, age, sex, educational background, and geographical location was considered, with particular interest in choices made when one variant was closer to standard Cameroon English than another. Test results indicate, among other things, that students' preference for variants closer to standard English gives way to favorisation of mesolectal forms after their studies; this contributes to the basic stability of Cameroon Pidgin English (PE), in spite of the ever-increasing acquisition of standard English (SE). It is suggested that, in making decisions for written literature, lexical items generally should be chosen at the mesolectal level, but that the orthography should reflect phonological variants closer to SE.
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Mouzong, Marcelin Pemi, Inoussah Moungnutou Mfetoum, Simon Koumi Ngoh, Prosper Gopdjim Noumo, and Jean Gaston Tamba. "Current Status, Future Prospects, and the Need for Geothermal Energy Exploration in Cameroon: Comprehensive Review." Geofluids 2023 (August 24, 2023): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/6168519.
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Cameroon is a country in Central Africa that relies heavily on hydropower, fossil fuels, solar, and biomass for its energy needs. However, the unstable and intermittent nature of these energy sources makes them unreliable, and there is a pressing need for a more secure and sustainable energy supply. Geothermal energy, which is abundant in Cameroon due to its favorable geological characteristics, has not been fully explored as a potential energy source. This study is aimed at providing a comprehensive review of the current status and future prospects of geothermal energy in Cameroon, based on publications related to geothermal energy in Cameroon, geological, and geophysical studies. The objectives of this study are to analyze the existing literature on geothermal energy in Cameroon, to identify the challenges and opportunities associated with geothermal energy development, and to make recommendations for future research and policy decisions. The results indicate that geothermal energy in Cameroon is still in its infancy, with limited research and development in the field. However, the country has geothermal potential, particularly in the Adamawa and Cameroon volcanic line (CVL) areas. The review highlights the challenges and barriers to geothermal energy development in Cameroon, including limited financial resources, technical expertise, and regulatory frameworks. The findings of this study suggest that Cameroon has significant potential for geothermal energy development, and that further exploration and investment in this area could contribute significantly to a more secure and sustainable energy supply in the country.
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COETZEE, MAUREEN. "Literature review of the systematics, biology and role in malaria transmission of species in the Afrotropical Anopheles subgenus Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae)." Zootaxa 5133, no. 2 (May 4, 2022): 182–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5133.2.2.
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It has been 34 years since the last update of the subgenus Anopheles Meigen, 1818 in the Afrotropical Region. Eleven species occur in the region, and of these, eight occur only on the African continent, two in both Africa and Madagascar, and one exclusively in Madagascar. Three species are implicated in the transmission of malarial parasites in localised areas: An. coustani Laveran, 1900 (Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Madagascar, Tanzania and Zambia), An. paludis Theobald, 1900 (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo) and An. ziemanni Grünberg, 1902 (Cameroon, Chad, Ethiopia and Rwanda). Several arboviruses have been isolated from An. coustani in Kenya, Madagascar and Senegal. Recent molecular studies indicate possible undescribed species within An. coustani that could be resolved with integrated molecular, morphological and cytogenetic methods.
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Akoa, Victor, Clément Eya’a, and Joseph Martin Bell. "Pérennisation par modélisation résiliente dans la culture de l’arachide (<i>Arachis hypogaea L.</i>) au Cameroun (Synthèse bibliographique)." Revue Africaine d’Environnement et d’Agriculture 6, no. 2 (July 3, 2023): 104–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/rafea.v6i2.12.
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Description du sujet: La culture de l’arachide au Cameroun date de 1928. Les techniques qui ont conduit à la pérennisation de cette protéo-oléagineuse originaire d’Amérique du Sud, n’ont jamais fait l’objet d’une structuration scientifique. Pourtant, des démarches scientifiques rigoureuses de modélisations sous forme de résilience ont été pratiquées tant par les pouvoirs publics que par les paysans, dans le but de conserver cette production végétale.
Littérature: Dans un contexte global marqué par les changements climatiques, la préoccupation de la recherche permanente de la meilleure résilience demeure, car cette spéculation agricole joue un rôle d’équilibre pour les couches vulnérables. A cet effet, le Cameroun dans sa politique agricole, a pu durant des décennies, combiner les aspects généraux, non-spécifiques et spécifiques de la résilience, afin de pérenniser cette semence exotique au sein de tout son territoire national.
Conclusion: La prévention des risques épidémiologiques durant les changements climatiques pourrait se faire par l’usage des variantes de la résilience pour une politique agricole compétitive au Cameroun.
English title: Sustainability through resilient modeling in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivation in Cameroon
Description of the subject: Groundnut cultivation in Cameroon dates back to 1928. The techniques that led to the sustainability of this proteo- oleaginous plant originating from South America have never been the subject of scientific structuring. However, rigorous scientific approaches to modeling in the form of resilience have been practiced both by the public authorities and by farmers, with the aim of preserving this plant production.
Literature: In a global context marked by climate change, the concern of the permanent search for the best resilience remains, because this agricultural speculation plays a role of balance for the vulnerable layers. To this end, Cameroon in its agricultural policy has been able for decades to combine the general, non-specific and specific aspects of resilience, in order to perpetuate this exotic seed within its entire national territory.
Conclusion: The success of politic in agricultural sector in front of epidemiology risk can be made during climate change by using the different variables of resilience for sustaining production.
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Wansi, Theresia, and Darrell Norman Burrell. "Financing Challenges of Cameroon’s Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs)." Financial Markets, Institutions and Risks 7, no. 4 (December 31, 2023): 88–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.61093/fmir.7(4).88-104.2023.
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Cameroon’s small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are vital contributors to economic growth and employment opportunities, making its sustained success imperative. However, SMEs grapple with a myriad of issues that impede their development trajectory. Challenges related to financial access, profitability, resilience, and growth are intertwined and necessitate a holistic examination. One significant challenge is the limited access to financing options, hindering SMEs from investing in growth and innovation. Investigating the effectiveness of government policies and financial institutions in facilitating SME access to capital is crucial. Furthermore, market dynamics, cost structures, and competition often constrain SME profitability. Research can illuminate strategies to enhance profitability through efficiency and value creation. SME survival in Cameroon’s dynamic business environment demands an exploration of the barriers and the challenges. This inquiry explores these complexities by exploring the literature through current and emerging literature. The aim is to shed light on the dynamics of small business financing in Cameroon to create a research discussion that other researchers and policymakers will build on.
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Ngangnchi, Forbe Hodu, Roland Joefendeh, and Laisin Innocent. "External Debt, Public Investment and Economic Growth in Cameroon." International Journal of Economics and Financial Research, no. 81 (February 27, 2022): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/ijefr.81.23.29.
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This study investigates the extent to which external debt and public investment contribute to economic growth in Cameroon-emphasizing how public investment modulates the effect of external debt on economic growth. Time series data spanning the period 1980-2021 obtained from the World Bank’s world development indicators were used, together with the Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) approach to ascertain the nature of the long-run relationship between external debt, public investment, and economic growth in Cameroon. Consistent with the debt-overhang and crowding-out literature, the study reveals a negative significant influence of external debt on economic growth in Cameroon. Results also reveal that there is a positive and significant direct effect of public investment on economic growth in the long run. Further results indicate that public investment and external debt positively and significantly affect engender economic growth in Cameroon. This is evidence that public investment modulates the effect of external debt on economic growth in Cameroon. These findings suggest the need for the government of Cameroon to create an enabling environment for private sector investment while accompanying external debt resources with domestic revenue mobilization by broadening the tax base to include taxes on landed property.
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Tambi, Mbu Daniel. "Economic Growth, Crisis, and Recovery in Cameroon: A Literature Review." Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business 6, no. 1 (March 30, 2015): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.13106/ijidb.2015.vol6.no1.5.
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Cameron, Elisabeth L. "Expressions of Cameroon Art." African Arts 19, no. 3 (May 1986): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3336417.
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PEMUNTA, NGAMBOUK VITALIS, and MATHIAS ALUBAFI FUBAH. "SOCIO-CULTURAL DETERMINANTS OF INFANT MALNUTRITION IN CAMEROON." Journal of Biosocial Science 47, no. 4 (April 9, 2014): 423–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932014000145.
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SummaryThis study seeks to explore and explain the socio-cultural factors responsible for the incidence of infant malnutrition in Cameroon with particular emphasis on northern Cameroon where it is most accentuated. It combines quantitative data drawn from the 1991, 1998, 2004 and 2011 Cameroon Demographic and Health Surveys, as well as a literature review of publications by the WHO and UNICEF. This is further complemented with qualitative data from various regions of Cameroon, partly from a national ethnographic study on the ethno-medical causes of infertility in Cameroon conducted between 1999 and 2000. Whereas socio-cultural factors related to child feeding and maternal health (breast-feeding, food taboos and representations of the colostrum as dangerous for infants) are widespread throughout Cameroon, poverty-related factors (lack of education for mothers, natural disaster, unprecedented influx of refugees, inaccessibility and inequity in the distribution of health care services) are pervasive in northern Cameroon. This conjunction of factors accounts for the higher incidence of infant malnutrition and mortality in northern Cameroon. The study suggests the need for women's empowerment and for health care personnel in transcultural situations to understand local cultural beliefs, practices and sentiments before initiating change efforts in infant feeding practices and maternal health. Biomedical services should be tailored to the social and cultural needs of the target population – particularly women – since beliefs and practices underpin therapeutic recourse. Whereas infant diarrhoea might be believed to be the result of sexual contact, in reality, it is caused by unhygienic conditions. Similarly, weaning foods aimed at transmitting ethnic identity might not meet a child's age-specific food needs and might instead give rise to malnutrition.
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Arrey, Sammy Besong, and Peters Ako Etchu. "THE GOVERNMENT OF CAMEROON AND THE ANGLOPHONE CIVIL SOCIETY CONSORTIUM: GLIMMERS TO THE CAMEROON ANGLOPHONE ARMED CONFLICT." American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations 05, no. 04 (April 29, 2023): 46–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/volume05issue04-07.
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After the reunification of Cameroon in 1961, some West Cameroonian political class began to cast their doubts on the centralized Federal System put in place. This system according to some Anglophones gave room for marginalization and assimilation of West Cameroon especially with the closure of its development agency. This somehow nursed grievances and in 2016, the bon a fide English Speaking Cameroonian lawyers and teachers rose up in a “peaceful civil disobedient protest” to express their disillusion, over the erosion of the Common Law Judicial System and the Anglo-Saxon Education System in Cameroon. This paper from this angle looks at the origin of the Consortium, Government position and the impact. The paper argues that, Government’s responses and policies towards the corporate grievances and the ban on the Consortium laid the foundation of a radicalized armed conflict in the Anglophone region and within this dispensation; other discourse towards a lasting solution became valuable. The major instrument used for data collection was interviews, secondary literature, author’s experience and a multidisciplinary approach to present the facts. This paper concludes that the failure to break even between the Government of Cameroon and the Cameroon Anglophone Civil Society Consortium (CACSC) introduced armed conflict with costly consequences.
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TAHAS (Σ.Α. ΤΑΧΑΣ), S. A., N. D. GIADINIS (Ν.Δ. ΓΙΑΔΙΝΗΣ), M. KRITSEPI-KONSTANTINOU (Μ. ΚΡΙΤΣΕΠΗ-ΚΩΝΣΤΑΝΤΙΝΟΥ), E. PAPADOPOULOS (Η.ΠΑΠΑΔΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ), E. J. PETRIDOU (Ε.Ι. ΠΕΤΡΙΔΟΥ), D. POSANTZIS (Δ. ΠΟΣΑΝΤΖΗΣ), and C. I. DOVAS (ΔΟΒΑΣ Χ.Ι.). "Assessment of some health parameters in West African Pygmy Goats and Cameroon Dwarf Sheep of a Zoo in Greece." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 63, no. 2 (December 15, 2017): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.15430.
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Ten A frican pygmy goats and five Cameroon sheep from the Attica Zoological Park in Greece were examined for some health parameters including a thorough clinical examination, haematology, serum biochemistry, serological and P CR examination for small ruminant lentivirus, milk bacteriology for common pathogens of clinical or subclinical mastitis and faecal parasitology. These were compared with the existing literature for these two exotic breeds of small ruminants. Haematologic and biochemistry values are compared to existing literature for the pygmy goats whereas this is the first report of such values in Cameroon sheep. A ll animals proved clinically healthy and were free of common pathogens found in small ruminants in Greece as well as for intestinal and respiratory parasites
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Tagne Safotso, Gilbert. "A Study of Vowel Nasalization and Vowel Epenthesis Processes in Cameroon Francophone English." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 7, no. 2 (March 1, 2017): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.7n.2p.214.
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Unlike Cameroon English and Received Pronunciation, Cameroon Francophone English has a number of nasal and epenthetic vowels. Those nasal vowels are generally French ones, as Cameroon Francophone English is heavily influenced by that language. The epenthetic vowels found in Cameroon Francophone English as in many other non-native Englishes are difficult to explain. Part of the data analysed is drawn from past studies (Safotso 2001, 2006, 2012 & 2015; Kouega 2008). This is complemented by the oral reading of some test words by French-speaking Cameroonian undergraduate/postgraduate students and some speech gathered from debates and interventions on various national TV channels and radio stations. Results show that in Cameroon Francophone English, vowel nasalization and vowel epenthesis occur in specific positions. This paper attempts to show how they operate in that variety of English.
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Ebot, Wilson Atem. "Phonological peculiarities in Cameroon Engalish." English Studies 80, no. 2 (April 1999): 168–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00138389908599173.
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Valliere, Dave. "The comparative state of entrepreneurial intent in Cameroon." Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies 7, no. 3 (September 7, 2015): 241–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jeee-03-2015-0022.
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Purpose – This paper aims to report on the level of entrepreneurial intent (EI) in southwestern Cameroon, by developing and using a novel scale that avoids the problems of construct confounds that exist with most EI scales currently in the literature. This scale is also used to measure EI in Canada, as a comparative example of the Western countries typical of previous EI research, to demonstrate the stability of the scale across different cultures. Design/methodology/approach – Data are collected by survey of random participants in Jamaica and Canada. Factor analysis is used to refine the choice of scale elements from this survey. Nested structural equation modelling is then used to confirm the construct validity and to demonstrate construct stability across the two populations. The population scores are then compared by t-test. Findings – A novel ten-item scale is developed and is shown to have a stable factor structure across the two populations. Using this measure, it can be newly seen that, contrary to the expectations for low entrepreneurial prevalence and intention expressed in the literature, there is actually no significant EI deficit in Cameroon. Research limitations/implications – Previous measures of EI in the literature have been seriously confounded by adjacent constructs in the same nomological net, such as beliefs, attitudes and expectations for future behaviours. The research approach taken here demonstrates how these confounds may have led to erroneous conclusions about EI in Cameroon and potentially in other countries. The major limitation of this study is the small sample size, which should be reinforced by replication or extension in future studies. Originality/value – The development of a scale free of construct confounds represents an important step in the refinement of accurate measurement of this foundational construct in entrepreneurship research. This is underscored by the finding that EI in Cameroon may have been misreported in early research due to confounded measurement.
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KAKDEU, Louis-Marie. "Cultural Hegemony and Longevity on Power in Cameroon: An Analysis from a Socialist Perspective." Relaciones Internacionales, no. 32 (June 30, 2016): 221–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15366/relacionesinternacionales2016.32.011.
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This article tries to adapt socialist and Marxist reading grids to the Cameroon case. It draws on the neo-Gramscian literature leaving aside concepts unsuited to the realities of the country. It offers the analysis axis harmed/profiteers who contrasts with that of proletarian/bourgeois in the literature. However, it notes that the client/owners paradigm remains the nodal point of neo-patrimonial relations. The article emphasizes the concept of “mass consciousness” to that of “legal consciousness” or “class consciousness”. It leads to a conclusion similar to that of Gramsci’s according to which the political system resists to the revolutionary commitment of harmed people in Cameroon thanks to the trenches built in social organizations under the influence of the hegemonic culture of profiteers.
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Mngo, Zachary Y. "The Dual Colonial Heritage of Cameroon: A Roadblock to Viable National Education Reform." Global Journal of Educational Studies 9, no. 2 (January 3, 2024): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/gjes.v9i2.21581.
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Educational reform on a national scale often presents complexities due to the myriad perspectives of the stakeholders involved. Particularly in multicultural and multilingual societies, the distinct frames of reference can significantly impede compromise. One challenge is the change agents’ occasional oversight of local nuances. In Cameroon, attempts at reform, especially at primary and secondary education levels, have been notably contentious since the country’s independence from France and Britain in 1960. The subsequent reunification of British Southern Cameroon and French Eastern Cameroon established an imperfect union, birthing two education and legal systems with distinct characteristics, difficult to harmonize. A comprehensive review of the literature indicates that resistance to educational reform is more deeply rooted in the dual colonial legacy than the vast diversity of ethnicities and languages. Notably, in 1960, Cameroon comprised over 279 ethnic groups and languages within a population of less than six million. In contemporary times, for a now-divided Cameroon, home to approximately twenty-four million residents, successful educational reform that addresses modern-day needs can only materialize if both decision-makers and citizens prioritize a Cameroonian identity over their Francophone or Anglophone affiliations. This shift is crucial given the prevailing sociopolitical challenges that not only complicate educational harmonization but also impede national integration and unity.
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Zabus, Chantal, and Juliana Makuchi. "Your Madness, Not Mine: Stories of Cameroon." World Literature Today 74, no. 3 (2000): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40155830.
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Page, Ben, Martin Evans, and Claire Mercer. "Revisiting the Politics of Belonging in Cameroon." Africa 80, no. 3 (August 2010): 345–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/afr.2010.0301.
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The article introduces a themed section in the journal on hometown associations in Cameroon. It outlines the impact of ten years’ work in this field and argues that notions of autochthony remain central in understanding Cameroonian politics. However the three articles go on to argue that some of the claims about home, belonging and politics are difficult to reconcile with the hazier reality observed on the ground. The articles aim to disturb any universal, inevitable or overly tidy segue between questions of belonging and claims of political segmentation. Too often the existing literature moves too quickly to an analysis that foregrounds only the worrisome dimensions of a politics of belonging, thus leaving little space for other interpretations. To explore this dilemma the article continues by exploring a land dispute in Bali Nyonga, north-west Cameroon. It shows (1) how ideas of belonging remain central to the practice of politics; (2) how the politics of belonging has changed over time; and (3) how it is possible to foreground an alternative ‘politics of conviviality’, which would otherwise be shaded out by the dominance of the politics of belonging within the literature.
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Yewah, Emmanuel. "Congolese Playwrights as Cultural Revisionists." Theatre Research International 21, no. 3 (1996): 219–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883300015339.
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The Central African sub-region has a well developed literary history. Although such countries as Cameroon and Zaire have been the region's literary vanguard, the Congo presents a rather fascinating case study given its size, population and its incredible contribution to national and African literature. Roger Chemain insightfully notes: ‘De toute l'Afrique dite “francophone”, le Congo compte le plus fort pourcentage d'écrivains par rapport à l'ensemble de la population au point qu'il peut prétendre à être l'un des “poles” culturels de cette partie de l'Afrique, au même titre que le Sénégal ou le Cameroun, pourtant beaucoup plus peuplés.’ Indeed, the Congo has produced some of the continent's most innovative and daring political writings. In the theatre, a number of playwrights have attempted to take issue with post-colonial dictatorships and cultural assumptions inherited from African traditions and colonialism.
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Sala, Bonaventure M. "Writing in Cameroon pidgin English: begging the question." English Today 25, no. 2 (May 26, 2009): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078409000133.
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ABSTRACTCameroon Pidgin English (CPE) is increasingly becoming an important language in the country, judging from its use in the media (both private and public), in literary texts, the Bible and other religious materials. The soaring of writing in CPE has been hailed by many as a positive signal for the spread and survival of the language, but this begs the question of how it should be written. Formal statements made so far on how CPE should be written are divergent (see Todd, 1986; Mbangwana, 1983; Ayafor, 1996 and Schr¨der, 2003) and in practice the present situation of CPE writing is marred by inconsistency, where the English- and the phonetically-based options compete (see Schneider, 1960 and Awah, 1981). For a full-blown literature (which standardises a language in many respects) to flourish, there is need for an agreed writing system that can make its literature better accessible to the public. We need to know what makes the one option superior to the other and why. Showcasing the literature in CPE as guarantee of viability, as Ayafor (2005) does, is not helpful if we do not pause to ask ourselves how it is, and should be, written. The purpose of this paper is to assess the controversies involved in talking about and conceiving a writing system for CPE. It is also to propose a writing system for CPE, based on linguistic and extra-linguistic parameters.
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Nkemleke, Daniel. "Researching the research article in Cameroon English." Brno Studies in English 40, no. 1 (2014): 175–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/bse2014-1-9.
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Ebwanga, Ebanja Joseph, Stephen Mbigha Ghogomu, and Jan Paeshuyse. "African Swine Fever in Cameroon: A Review." Pathogens 10, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10040421.
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African swine fever (ASF) is a hemorrhagic contagious porcine disease caused by the African swine fever virus. The disease poses enormous problems to the pork industry with pig mortality ranging from 30% to 100%, depending on the virulence of the virus circulating. Cameroon, situated in Central Africa is one of the countries in which the African swine fever virus (ASFV) has been endemic since its first outbreak in 1982. The disease is a major problem to the pig industry causing huge economic losses. A clear and concise review on ASF in Cameroon relating to the entry and current genotype of the virus, epidemiology, pathogenesis and economic impact is lacking. A thorough literature search revealed: (1) The virus entered the country in 1982 and caused the death of 80% of the pigs. (2) All isolates belong to serogroup I and only Genotype I is circulating in Cameroon principally in the domestic cycle as there are neither soft ticks nor warthog in the pig production regions sampled. (3) 70% of the pig farmers are involved in the traditional system of production with local and hybrid breeds of pigs with minimal input. (4) The country is endemic to the virus with huge economic losses. (5) So far, very little research has been effected on ASFV in Cameroon. This review gives a detailed overview of the situation of African swine fever virus (ASFV) in the country along with potential avenues for future research into ASFV in Cameroon.
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Atanga, Lilian Lem. "A gendered academy – women’s experiences from higher education in Cameroon." International Journal of the Sociology of Language 2021, no. 267-268 (March 1, 2021): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijsl-2020-0080.
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Abstract Women make up less than 20% of the faculty in Cameroon and continue to work in male-dominated workplaces against a context of patriarchal gendered ideologies. This paper explores women’s experiences in the academy in Cameroon, highlighting the way they navigate these challenges to position themselves in higher education. Through autoethnography and critical discourse analysis, it examines literature within the area of gendered discourse and texts on higher education, and the author’s personal experiences as a female academic in Cameroon. It is argued in this paper that the challenges of women are higher and include rendering content of teaching and research gendered, appropriating gendered identities as women, and asserting themselves in research, publication, and administration. Language is considered as the vehicle for disempowering women in the academy. Thus, women are called upon to demystify stereotypes about femininity and women’s place in the academy through language use. That deconstruction of roles must start with gender-sensitive language use.
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Nseke, Pisso. "Social Media a Two-Edged Sword to E-Governance: The Role of Social Media in Cameroon’s Democracy." JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS RESEARCH AND MARKETING 3, no. 2 (2018): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/jibrm.1849-8558.2015.32.3005.
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The aim of the paper is to provide information about the application of social media tools in e-governance of Cameroon. The review of the literature shows that social media tools have a huge potential to be used in the context of e-governance and it offers several benefits such as transparency, easy and wide dissemination of information about the activities of government and many others. However, there are still some countries which have not taken full advantage of benefits offered by social media in the context of e-governance. Although there are a number of countries including Cameroon which has adopted usage of social media tools in e-governance, the interaction and engagement of customers to e-governance systems is rather limited and needs further development. This paper aims to provide information about the current state of e-governance in Cameroon which is explained by the framework of social media policy which consists of eight important elements.
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Thompson, Jennifer A., Susan J. Gaskin, and Magdaline Agbor. "Embodied intersections: Gender, water and sanitation in Cameroon." Agenda 31, no. 1 (January 2, 2017): 140–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10130950.2017.1341158.
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Taniform, Peter, Luca Persia, Davide Shingo Usami, Noella Bajia Kunsoan, Mary M. Karumba, and Wim Wijnen. "An Assessment of the Social Costs of Road Traffic Crashes in Cameroon." Sustainability 15, no. 2 (January 10, 2023): 1316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15021316.
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This study estimated the social costs of road traffic crashes (RTCs) in Cameroon, motivated by a lack of empirical evidence for economic loss and social suffering associated with RTCs menace in developing countries particularly Sub-Sahara Africa. A model for estimation of cost based on a combination of valuation methods was developed following international guidelines, and can be adapted for other developing countries similar to Cameroon’s context. Five cost components were estimated namely: production loss; human costs; medical costs; property damage costs and administrative costs. Data from the field, secondary databases and transfer values were used together with adjustments for under-reporting of road traffic crash data that is prevalent particularly in developing countries. Total social cost of RTCs in Cameroon in 2018 was USD 3.6 Billion and is equivalent to 3.8% of GDP in 2018. This estimate is way above RTCs cost estimates obtained by studies in Sub-Sahara Africa using the human capital approach, and slightly outside the range of social cost estimates found in Lower- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) literature. The estimate is also larger than the conservative figures used for policy purposes such as the current National Road Safety Strategy, implying that under-reporting of RTCs data under-represents apparent socio-economic value of RTCs. The study recommends improvement in the procedures of crash data by operationalizing the recently established centralized RTCs database, as well as adoption of systematic approaches to estimation of crash costs by policy makers.
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Okah-Efogo, Françoise, and Gaëlle Tatiana Timba. "Female entrepreneurship and growth in Cameroon." African Journal of Economic and Management Studies 6, no. 1 (March 9, 2015): 107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajems-10-2012-0067.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to supplement the literature on the effect of female entrepreneurship on economic growth by bringing new evidence for the case of SMEs owned by women in Cameroon. Design/methodology/approach – Effects of female entrepreneurship on Cameroonian economic growth are analyzed through a simple statistical analysis. Findings – Our results reveal that there is a growing female entrepreneurship in Cameroon, localized in many different sectors of activity. Moreover, these SMEs are opportunity entrepreneurship which contributes to economic growth by considerably reducing unemployment particularly for women, generating revenues for government and enhancing human capital skills. Research limitations/implications – The study suggests an investment in SMEs owned by women and an investment in education and skills of those women in order to positively affect economic growth. Originality/value – Many studies have focussed their attention on the relationship between SMEs and economic growth, but few attempted to evaluate the theoretical assumptions in case studies and in a gender perspective.
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Mpabe Bodjongo, Mathieu Juliot. "Protection sociale des travailleurs du secteur informel au Cameroun : une analyse de la demande." Assurances et gestion des risques 89, no. 1-2 (May 11, 2023): 45–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1099330ar.
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This paper aims to examine the subscription of entrepreneurs in the informal sector to the public social protection system in Cameroon. The analysis covers a sample of 4598 promoters of informal production units (UPI), obtained from the 2nd phase of the second survey on employment and the informal sector in Cameroon (INS, 2010). Based on the review of the economic literature, the econometric results obtained using a Probit estimation with selection bias reveal that entrepreneurs in the informal sector will be less inclined to adhere to a system of public social protection offering the following social benefits: old age insurance, invalidity insurance, family allowance and occupational sickness allowance.
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Agbor, Avitus, and Derrick T. Cho. "Prosecuting Human Violations Committed in the Anglophone Cameroon Crisis: A Disquisition on the Legal Framework." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal 25 (March 9, 2022): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2022/v25ia11343.
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The prosecution of perpetrators of mass violations of human rights remains one of the unfinished tasks of Africa's ʺdemocraciesʺ which, in itself, is eloquent evidence of the need for systemic arrangements to protect human rights, build a culture of the rule of law and ultimately defeat impunity. Emboldened by the absence of the foregoing, accountability for human rights violations of individuals and the fulfilment of the corresponding duty to prosecute violators have been contentious issues in Africa's politically volatile communities. As states are caught betwixt and between protecting human rights and holding individuals accountable, the questions about the State's fulfilment of its international obligations arises. Sourced primarily from international treaties, customary international law, and general principles of law, the duty to prosecute violations of human rights is revisited with a focus on the theoretical and legal framework. Situated in the context of the ongoing Anglophone Cameroon crisis in which political factions of the English-speaking regions are pitted against the French-speaking dominated Government of Cameroon, and bringing to the fore the violations, which have become an odious scourge, this paper argues that there is a sacrosanct duty on the Government of Cameroon to investigate, prosecute and punish such violations. The paper interrogates the relevant international law instruments and engages in a dialogue with relevant and respectable literature penned by prominent scholars and jurists on the issue of accountability. It provides an analytical disquisition on the duty to prosecute which, as argued herein, must be fulfilled by Cameroon given the violations that have been committed during the ongoing Anglophone Cameroon crisis.
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Rabine, Leslie W. "Photo Cameroon: Studio Portraiture, 1970s-1990s." African Arts 55, no. 4 (2022): 86–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/afar_r_00686.
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Nsagha, Dickson S., Anne-Cécile ZK Bissek, Sarah M. Nsagha, Jules-Clement N. Assob, Henri-Lucien F. Kamga, Dora M. Njamnshi, Anna L. Njunda, Marie-Thérèse O. Obama, and Alfred K. Njamnshi. "The Burden of Orphans and Vulnerable Children Due to HIV/AIDS in Cameroon." Open AIDS Journal 6, no. 1 (October 19, 2012): 245–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874613601206010245.
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HIV/AIDS is a major public health problem in Cameroon and Africa, and the challenges of orphans and vulnerable children are a threat to child survival, growth and development. The HIV prevalence in Cameroon was estimated at 5.1% in 2010. The objective of this study was to assess the burden of orphans and vulnerable children due to HIV/AIDS in Cameroon. A structured search to identify publications on orphans and other children made vulnerable by AIDS was carried out. A traditional literature search on google, PubMed and Medline using the keywords: orphans, vulnerable children, HIV/AIDS and Cameroon was conducted to identify potential AIDS orphans publications, we included papers on HIV prevalence in Cameroon, institutional versus integrated care of orphans, burden of children orphaned by AIDS and projections, impact of AIDS orphans on Cameroon, AIDS orphans assisted through the integrated care approach, and comparism of the policies of orphans care in the central African sub-region. We also used our participatory approach working experience with traditional rulers, administrative authorities and health stakeholders in Yaounde I and Yaounde VI Councils, Nanga Eboko Health District, Isangelle and Ekondo Titi Health Areas, Bafaka-Balue, PLAN Cameroon, the Pan African Institute for Development-West Africa, Save the orphans Foundation, Ministry of Social Affairs, and the Ministry of Public Health. Results show that only 9% of all OVC in Cameroon are given any form of support. AIDS death continue to rise in Cameroon. In 1995, 7,900 people died from AIDS in the country; and the annual number rose to 25,000 in 2000. Out of 1,200,000 orphans and vulnerable children in Cameroon in 2010, 300,000(25%) were AIDS orphans. Orphans and the number of children orphaned by AIDS has increased dramatically from 13,000 in 1995 to 304,000 in 2010. By 2020, this number is projected to rise to 350,000. These deaths profoundly affect families, which often are split up and left without any means of support. Similarly, the death of many people in their prime working years hamper the economy. Businesses are adversely affected due to the need to recruit and train new staff. Health and social service systems suffer from the loss of health workers, teachers, and other skilled workers. OVC due to HIV/AIDS are a major public health problem in Cameroon as the HIV prevalence continues its relentless increase with 141 new infections per day. In partnership with the Ministry of Social Affairs and other development organizations, the Ministry of Public Health has been striving hard to provide for the educational and medical needs of the OVC, vocational training for the out-of- school OVC and income generating activities for foster families and families headed by children. A continous multi-sectorial approach headed by the government to solve the problem of OVC due to AIDS is very important. In line with the foregoing, recommendations are proposed for the way forward.
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Mouliom Mouiche, Mohamed Moctar, Eugenie Elvire Nguemou Wafo, Serge Eugene Mpouam, Frédéric Moffo, Jean Marc Kameni Feussom, Arouna Njayou Ngapagna, Youssouf Mouliom Mfopit, Claude Saegerman, and Mamoudou Abdoulmoumini. "Zoo-Sanitary Situation Assessment, an Initial Step in Country Disease Prioritization Process: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis from 2000 to 2020 in Cameroon." Pathogens 12, no. 9 (August 24, 2023): 1076. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12091076.
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To prevent and/or control infectious diseases in animal and human health, an appropriate surveillance system based on suitable up-to-date epidemiological data is required. The systematic review protocol was designed according to the PRISMA statement to look at the available data on infectious diseases of livestock in Cameroon from 2000–2020. Data were searched through online databases. Grey literature was comprised of dissertations and theses from veterinary higher education institutions in Cameroon. A random-effects model was used to calculate pooled prevalence using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software. Based on disease prevalence, major infectious diseases of livestock in Cameroon were gastrointestinal parasitosis (57.4% in cattle, 67.2% in poultry, 88% in pigs), hemoparasites (21.6% in small ruminants, 19.7% in cattle), bovine pasteurellosis (55.5%), fowl salmonellosis (48.2%), small ruminant plague (39.7%), foot-and-mouth disease (34.5% in cattle), and African swine fever (18.9%). Furthermore, other important endemic zoonoses in the country included: Rift Valley fever (10.9% in cattle, 3.7% in small ruminants), brucellosis (7% in cattle, 8% in pigs), bovine tuberculosis (4.7% in cattle), hepatitis E virus (8.4% in pigs) and bovine leptospirosis (2.5%). Most of the retrieved research were carried out in the Adamawa, Northwest, and West regions of Cameroon. The evaluation of existing data as evidence, albeit publication-specific, is an important step towards the process of prioritizing animal diseases, including zoonoses.
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Njuma Libwea, John, Linda Esso, Andreas Ateke Njoh, Che Henry Ngwa, Vivienne Ngomba Armelle, Chanceline Bilounga Ndongo, Georges Alain Etoundi Mballa, et al. "Generating the evidence to support the establishment of a Respiratory Syncytial Virus surveillance system in Cameroon: A study protocol." PLOS ONE 19, no. 6 (June 11, 2024): e0303468. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0303468.
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Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the major pathogens frequently associated with severe respiratory tract infections in younger children and older adults globally. There is an unmet need with a lack of routine country-specific databases and/or RSV surveillance systems on RSV disease burden among adults in most low- and middle-income countries, including Cameroon. We aim to estimate the adult RSV burden needed to develop a framework for establishing an RSV surveillance database in Cameroon. Methods and analysis A two-phase study approach will be implemented, including a literature review and a review of medical records. First, a systematic review of available literature will provide insights into the current burden of RSV in adults in Cameroon, searching the following databases: Global Health, PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, African Journal Online Library, Scopus, Global Index Medicus, Cochrane databases, and grey literature search. Identified studies will be included if they reported on the RSV burden of disease among Cameroonian adults aged ≥18 years from 1st January 1990 to 31st December 2023. A narrative synthesis of the evidence will be provided. A meta-analysis will be conducted using a random effect model, when feasible. Two co-authors will independently perform data screening, extraction, and synthesis and will be reported according to the PRISMA-P guidelines for writing systematic review protocols. Secondly, a retrospective cohort design will permit data analysis on RSV among adults in the laboratory registers at the National Influenza Center. Medical records will be reviewed to link patients’ files from emanating hospitals to capture relevant demographic, laboratory, and clinical data. The International Classification of Diseases and Clinical Modifications 10th revision (ICD-10-CM) codes will be used to classify the different RSV outcomes retrospectively. Results The primary outcome is quantifying the RSV burden among the adult population, which can help inform policy on establishing an RSV surveillance database in Cameroon. The secondary outcomes include (i) estimates of RSV prevalence among Cameroonian adult age groups, (ii) RSV determinants, and (iii) clinical outcomes, including proportions of RSV-associated morbidity and/or death among age-stratified Cameroonian adults with medically attended acute respiratory tract infections. Conclusions The evidence generated from the two projects will be used for further engagement with relevant stakeholders, including policymakers, clinicians, and researchers, to develop a framework for systematically establishing an RSV surveillance database in Cameroon. This study proposal has been registered (CRD42023460616) with the University of York Center for Reviews and Dissemination of the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO).
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Juliot Mpabe Bodjongo, Mathieu, Moustapha Fofana, and Fanny Kabwe Omoyi epse Essomme. "Firm size and pro-environmental behavior in Cameroon." Environmental Economics 14, no. 1 (May 10, 2023): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ee.14(1).2023.05.
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Previous studies indicate a lack of analysis of pro-environmental behavior adoption in enterprises of various sizes. Very small enterprises, especially in the informal sector, have always been overlooked in the literature, although they are in the majority in most countries. This paper aims to examine the effects of firm size on pro-environmental behavior adoption in Cameroon. The analysis focuses on a sample of 141,926 firms drawn from the Second General Census of Enterprises (RGE-2) in Cameroon (NIS, 2018). The study adopted a statistical and econometrical approach based on the logit model. The results showed that the adoption of pro-environmental behavior increases with firm size. The probability of having a health, safety, and environment system increases by 16.70 points in large enterprises compared to 8.40 points in small enterprises. The probability of having a wastewater management system increases by 5.30 points in large enterprises compared to 2.30 points in small enterprises. The probability of having an air pollution management system increases by 2.20 points in large enterprises compared to 1.50 points in small enterprises. However, company size does not significantly influence the adoption of a solid waste management system. It is recommended to (i) raise awareness among large companies of the challenges of environmental protection and to strengthen controls on compliance with environmental standards, and (ii) to implement actions aimed at the migration of companies from the informal to the formal sector.