Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Camerun'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Camerun.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Motuo, Fanmegne Lucienne Martel. "Racconti tradizionali del Camerun: Proposta di traduzione." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/11402/.
Full textSantanera, Giovanna. "Douala si mette in scena : nuove esperienze video in Camerun." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0650.
Full textThe object of my dissertation is the commercial video production that has developed in Douala, Cameroon, since the liberalization of the audiovisual sector in 2000 and the diffusion of low-cost and easy-to-use digital technology among the intermediate urban social stratum. Videos are conceived as artwork that expresses social experiences, representing symbolic platforms which trigger and produce change and critically question the world. By investigating the production process, videos are not only analyzed as texts but also as experiences. Against the backdrop of the deep changes that have recently revolutionized the African mediascape, I illustrate the transformations of video production in Douala from the beginning of the 2000s until present. The conclusion focusses on reception practices, highlighting how these reinsert stories into the flux of life, supplying material that can eventually inspire the production of new videos. At the same time, I explore video production as an urban practice that instills sensations and meanings into the urban space. I retrace tyhe social origin of plots and characters, as well as the wys work within the audiovisual sector is organized locally with the aim to grasp the multiple relations between fiction and reality, artists and the rest of society
Ngwikem, Manfo Claudiane Solange. "Espansione della cultura cinese in Africa: il caso del Camerun." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/9222/.
Full textSANTANERA, GIOVANNA. "Douala si mette in scena. Nuove esperienze video in Camerun." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/89230.
Full textThe object of my PhD dissertation is the commercial video production that has developed in Douala, Cameroon, since the liberalization of the audiovisual sector in 2000 and the diffusion of low-cost and easy-to-use digital technology among the intermediate urban social stratum. Videos are conceived as artwork that expresses social experiences, representing symbolic platforms which trigger and produce change and critically question the world. By investigating the production process, videos are not only analyzed as texts but also as experiences. Against the backdrop of the deep changes that have recently revolutionized the African mediascape, I illustrate the transformations of video production in Douala from the beginning of the 2000s until present. The conclusion focusses on reception practices, highlighting how these reinsert stories into the flux of life, supplying material that can eventually inspire the production of new videos. At the same time, I explore video production as an urban practice that instills sensations and meanings into the urban space. I retrace the social origin of plots and characters, as well as the ways work within the audiovisual sector is organized locally with the aim to grasp the multiple relations between fiction and reality, artists and the rest of society.
Mazoua, Megni Tchio Vicky <1981>. "La lingua italiana nella scuola secondaria in Camerun : contesti, metodi e prospettive glottodidattiche." Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/8288.
Full textNgoueko, Tiako Tchiaffi Anne Honorine. "Comprensión lectora de español como lengua extranjera (E/LE) en la enseñanza secundaria camerunesa. Un estudio sobre el currículum, los manuales y las prácticas de aulas en tercer curso de español." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/462163.
Full textLa necesidad de adoptar el método interactivo en las prácticas lectoras debe considerarse como una práctica fundamental si queremos mejorar la competencia lectora de los aprendientes. La gran preocupación de este estudio es la mejora de las prácticas lectoras en la Secundaria en Camerún. De ahí que el propósito de esta investigación se oriente a analizar las prácticas lectoras en las aulas del 3er curso de E/LE. Para tal fin, los instrumentos utilizados han sido: el cuestionario y la observación. Los resultados han indicado que los factores que dificultan el aprendizaje de esta habilidad tienen más peso que los que lo facilitan. Estas dificultades se refieren, por un lado, al programa oficial, a los manuales escolares y por otro, a los docentes. Frente a estas limitaciones se sugiere una propuesta globalizadora en los siguientes ámbitos: político, familiar y áulico.
The need to adopt the interactive method in reading practices must be considered as a fundamental practice if we want to improve the reading competence of the students. This study aimed to improve the reading practices in Secondary Education in Cameroon. Hence, the purpose of this research is to analyze the reading practices in the classrooms of the 3rd year of Spanish in high school. For this purpose, we have used two instruments: the questionnaire and the observation with its respective guide. The results have indicated that the factors that hinder the learning of the reading comprehension have more weight than those that facilitate it. These difficulties refer, on the one hand, to the official program, the school textbooks and on the other, the teachers. Faced with these limitations, a globalizing proposal is recommended: in the political sphere and in the field of the classroom and the families.
STRINGINI, MARZIA. "Studio della biodiversità e caratterizzazione di lieviti isolati da ambienti naturali del Camerun e della Namibia." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/242383.
Full textNTIGA, BISSENE Nestor Firmin. "Il microcredito e la lotta alla povertà rurale in Camerun. Il caso del Dipartimento della Lekie." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/499014.
Full textMbede, Ambassa Luc Bonaventure. "Hacia una enseñanza interaccionista del español en el Camerún francófono: propuesta de materiales complementarios de nivel a (según el MCER) para la enseñanza secundaria." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/454724.
Full textLa finalidad de esta investigación es proponer un recurso didáctico de E/LE en la concepción interaccionista del aprendizaje. Va destinado a un contexto escolarizado en el que el programa estructural de enseñanza de una lengua extranjera está muy consolidado. Con el modelo interaccionista del aprendizaje, la lengua sirve de instrumento para relacionarse socialmente con cierta capacidad discursiva en los intercambios de ideas y algún componente estratégico sobre el proceso de construcción colectiva del aprendizaje. En el interés por buscar los procesos de adquisición de una lengua en el mundo interior de los alumnos, se realizó un análisis de las características individuales, experiencias personales y actitudes de un grupo de alumnos. El resultado reveló que las experiencias de aprendizaje y la dinámica colaborativa de clase arrebatan la titularidad a una visión acumulativa del conocimiento. En vista de esas premisas, se resuelve que los resultados satisfactorios en la enseñanza de E/LE se obtienen cuando los recursos volitivos del alumno están al frente de la enseñanza para dirigirla. Por tanto, este estudio diseñó una serie de actividades de interacción lingüística comunicativa centradas en las motivaciones de los alumnos por el aprendizaje de la lengua meta; lo que comporta ser también flexibles, adaptables a la gran variedad de situaciones de aprendizaje y revisables por el contexto donde se ubica el proceso. De igual forma, se enfatiza la aplicación efectiva de estrategias de aprendizaje, con el propósito de aumentar la eficacia y rendimiento de la forma en que el alumno de E/LE aprende.
The purpose of this research is to propose a teaching resource for learning Spanish as a foreign language in the interactionist way. It is intended for a schooled context in which the structural program of teaching a foreign language is well established. With the interactionist model of learning, language serves as an instrument to interact socially with certain discursive capacity in exchanges of ideas and to collectively build learning and communicative strategies. In order to find the factors for effective language acquisition in the inner world of the students, this investigation carried out an analysis of the needs of students. The result revealed that, the learning experiences and collaborative strategies in language classes prevail over the accumulation of knowledge. In view of these premises, it is proved that success in teaching is obtained when the volitional resources of students are at the forefront of the process. Therefore, this study designed teaching materials focused on learning the target language in communicative interaction and, based on the motivations of each learner. This involves the flexible nature of the proposed materials and adaptability to the wide variety of learning situations. In the same way, the effective implementation of learning strategies is emphasized, in order to increase the efficiency and performances of a spanish language learner.
Yagang, Christelle. "Dificultades que plantea la enseñanza/aprendizaje de ELE para alumnado camerunés de lengua materna medùmba (entre el contraste de lenguas y las creencias sociolingüísticas y educativas)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/405568.
Full textIntervienen muchos elementos en el proceso de enseñanza/aprendizaje de una lengua extranjera. En esta tesis se analiza el efecto que tienen en dicho proceso las lenguas que previamente ha aprendido el alumno, así como las creencias que se tiene sobre el entorno lingüístico, sobre las dificultades intrínsecas de la lengua extranjera y sobre el método de enseñanza. La falta de reconocimiento mundial de las lenguas africanas nos ha llevado al planteamiento de cómo sería la enseñanza/ aprendizaje del español para alumnado de una lengua africana, en general, y camerunesa, en particular, el medùmba, propia de un territorio en el que se implantó una lengua europea mediante un proceso de colonización, el francés. Para ello, se contrastan los sistemas fonético-fonológicos y gramaticales del medùmba, el francés y el español, en la búsqueda de los escollos potenciales con los que se topará el alumnado francófono de lengua materna medùmba que está aprendiendo ELE. Asimismo se identifica el imaginario social sobre el estatuto de las lenguas autóctonas y extranjeras entre el profesorado y el alumnado de los centros de secundaria en Camerún, así como las creencias, de estos mismos colectivos, en torno a la enseñanza-aprendizaje de ELE. Finalmente, se comprueba el grado de proximidad entre la realidad social, lingüística y educativa, por un lado, y, por el otro, las creencias sobre las lenguas y sobre la enseñanza/aprendizaje del español.
There are lots of different elements that take part in the teaching/learning process in a foreign language. In this thesis the effect that the language previously learned by the pupil has in the mentioned process and the beliefs that are embraced about the linguistic are analyzed. The lack of world recognition of the African languages has taken us to the approach of how it would be the teaching-learning process of the Spanish for African native students in general, and Cameroon natives, (specially, the medùmba speakers), proper of a territory in which an European language (the French language) was implemented by a settling process. In order to do that, the phonetic - phonological and grammatical systems of the medùmba, the French and the Spanish are contrasted in the search of the potential obstacles, faced by the French-speaking student of medùmba mother language who is learning ELE. Additionally, the imaginary social is identified about the autochthonous and foreign languages statute among the teaching and students body in the Cameroon’s secondary centers, as well as the beliefs of the same groups, concerning ELE’s teaching - learning. Finally, on the one hand, the degree of proximity is verified among the social, linguistic and educational reality, and, on the other one, the beliefs on the languages and on the teaching / learning of Spanish.
Kem-Mekah, Kadzue Oscar. "Enseñanza y aprendizaje del español en Camerún: análisis de las creencias del alumnado/profesorado e implicaciones didácticas para una formación competitiva de estudiantes/docentes de ELE." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/399641.
Full textNowadays, the universal objective of learning foreign languages is the development of the communicative competence of the learners. Nevertheless, it is important to notice that the acquisition of that competence is not always guaranteed at the end of the learning process. In this regard, whatever the learning context, it is not surprising to find students who are not able to hold even a simple conversation in a given foreign language even though they have studied that language all through their secondary education. What goes wrong is one of the main questions that will guide this research. The results we have achieved and which are presented in further details in this Doctorate Thesis permit us to make proposals for pedagogically decisive interventions which aim at ameliorating the standard and quality of Spanish teaching/learning in Secondary Education and the training of teachers in Cameroon. This work is enrolled in the study line of learners’/teachers’ beliefs. This is a relatively recent research line in the SFL domain even though it took off in the area of languages’ didactic, precisely in the Anglo-Saxon tradition of research and education in the middle of the 80 thanks to the publication of the pioneer studies of Horwitz (1985) and Wenden (1986). This domain of study stipulates that most of learners’/teachers’ conscious or unconscious decisions, actions and conducts within the classrooms are based on their beliefs. This is why it is crucial to study in depth their importance on languages teaching/learning process.
Avui dia, la finalitat universal de l'aprenentatge de llengües estrangeres és el desenvolupament de la competència comunicativa en els discents. No obstant això, cal admetre que l'adquisició d'aquesta competència comunicativa no sempre es dóna al final del procés d'aprenentatge. En aquest sentit, sigui el que sigui el context d'aprenentatge, no és sorprenent trobar un gran nombre d'estudiants que, després de passar-se tota l'Educació Secundària aprenent una llengua estrangera, es mostri incapaç de mantenir una mínima conversa en la mateixa en finalitzar aquesta etapa d'aprenentatge. Què és el que falla és una de les preguntes que forma part del fil conductor de la nostra recerca. Els resultats als quals arribem, i que són explicats detalladament en aquesta Tesi Doctoral, ens permeten plantejar unes propostes d'intervenció didàctiques contundents de cara a millorar la qualitat de l'ensenyament/aprenentatge de l'espanyol a l'Educació Secundària i la formació del professorat d'ELE a Camerun. La present Tesi Doctoral s'emmarca dins de l'estudi de les creences de l'alumnat/professorat, una línia de recerca relativament nova en l'àmbit d'ELE però que va prendre el seu impuls en el camp de la didàctica d'idiomes, en concret en la tradició investigadora i educativa anglosaxona, a mitjan anys 80 amb la publicació dels estudis pioners de Horwitz (1985) i Wenden (1986). Es tracta d'un camp d'estudi que estipula que les creences són el suport de gran part de les decisions, accions i actuacions conscients o inconscients dels discents/docents a l'aula. D'aquí la seva crucial importància per aprofundir i reflexionar sobre el procés d'ensenyament/aprenentatge de les llengües.
Mbida, Christophe. "L'émergence de communautés villageoises au Cameroun méridional: étude archéologique des sites de Nkang et de Ndindan." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212499.
Full textGouem, Gouem Bienvenu. "Des premières communautés villageoises aux sociétés complexes sur le littoral méridional du Cameroun." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209930.
Full textUne étude comparative de la chronoséquence de la zone côtière a été faite avec celles déjà établies pour les zones avoisinantes, notamment au centre du Cameroun et dans les pays voisins (Chap. 7). Ce rapprochement a permis de conclure, entre autres, à une parenté culturelle entre la Tradition de Bissiang et celle d’Obobogo identifiée dans la région de Yaoundé (zone de forêt mixte). Enfin, l’ensemble des études comparatives a aussi conduit à faire quelques spéculations sur le peuplement de l’Afrique Centrale forestière depuis environ 3000 BP (Conclusion générale).
Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Minfegue, assouga Calvin. "Espaces transfrontaliers, territorialités et conflictualités en Afrique centrale : cas des bassins frontaliers Est et Sud du Cameroun." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALH006.
Full textThis work makes the hypothesis that the potential for conflicts in some Cameroonian borderlands are (also) shaped by incompatibilities and divergences in the expression of territorialities in these spaces. Territorialities, understood in their socio-geographical sense in the wake of Raffestin's work, refer to representations, speeches (official and local) and practices that mediate the relationships between actors and spaces. This conception of territoriality finds fertile convergences with sociological and geographical works respectively oriented towards a renewed attention to banality and an interest in a "geography from below". Thus, these are plural forms of conflicts that can be observed with their socio-historical roots, their own movements and historicity and their connection to regional and global dynamics. The study of active and latent conflicts in the borderlands, with an entry privileging territoriality, also makes possible to present the complexity surrounding Cameroonian borders in the variety of its forms, the lability of its functions and the plasticity of its localization and situation.Two Cameroonian borderlands make possible such an analysis, namely Kye-Ossi in the South region and Garoua-Boulaï in the Eastern region. They are inserted in cross-border areas covering portions of territory in conflict (CAR) and territories where singular forms of insecurity formerly latent seem to emerge (Equatorial Guinea)
Enguita, Fernàndez Cristina. "Etnicidades en movimiento. (Re)presentaciones identitarias en un contexto global. Los peul mbororo, entre Camerún y Europa." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666829.
Full textBased on a multi-sited ethnography with a complementary virtual fieldwork, this thesis explores the connections among those Mbororo in Cameroon and those whom, after a transnational migration journey, dwell in Europe. Methodologically, in order to entangle the experiences in Cameroon and in Europe, the thesis suggests an intersectional approach while rendering the variability of social categories that surround the experiences of identity while deepening in a perspective that breaks with essencializing rhetorics of ethnicity. Mbororo pastoralists of Cameroon have been recognized as indigenous population according to the criteria established by African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights. This latter being part of the African Union and following the 169 Convention of the ILO and The Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. The Mbororo are part of the Fulani ethnolinguistic blog of the great south-sahelian area from Mauritania to Central African Republic. The identification as indigenous people in Cameroon in contrast to other Peul groups in the country, allows Cameroonian Mbororo to strengthen their cultural frontiers, this latter promoted by a vibrant associational movement which has (re)defined their ethnic particularism into human rights and citizenship rhetoric. In spite of the strength of the sociopolitical discourse of the Mbororo community in Cameroon, the preliminary results of this multi-sited ethnography confirm a debilitation of the ties with the original community in the moment of migration. Instead of describing this debilitation as a form of disconnection, the thesis argues for a notion of ethnicity as an identity process in transformation. It understands the experience of identity from the contingency in which subjects adopt cultural benchmarks according to their contextual needs and anxieties. On the whole, the thesis contributes to identity and ethnicity studies by approaching the Mbororo as agentive representatives of their own ethnic experience.
Okala, Jean-Tobie. "Médias publics et pouvoir politique au Cameroun: approches du discours des autorites politiques camerounaises vis-à-vis des médias nationaux: usages "démocratiques" ou "impérialistes"? Le cas de la télévision nationale." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212276.
Full textBikai, Charles-Emmanuel. "Le changement organisationnel et ses difficultés de mise en oeuvre dans l'entreprise publique africaine : l'exemple de Cameroon airlines." Caen, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988CAEN0532.
Full textFollowing the debate organised on the necessity to nationalize or not to nationalize public firms, all conjonctural measures applied, on the 1980 structural crisis, were bound to fail. In this prospect, we wanted to show why these firms, in general, particulary cameroon firms act and function, more or less efficiently, why and how they change poorly an how one could give tangible solutions to remedy the situation without causing great social destructions. To solve this, we opted for analytical opposition between Cameroon airlines organizational practices and those declared by the best past ten years authors of the sociology of the organizations, concluding on the necessity to operate deepest changes, notably structures, mentalities and hierarchies organs, while showing that public firms must have been a target of interests and aims, either convergent or divergent, whose survival needs projective dialectical approach of problems, in view of its functionning and management with prospects to a better continuous research of adaptable solutions in all circumstances, in the intention to come to a compromise and members agreement to global objectives, without which public firms wouldn't act according to the principle of negentropy, which is necessary to steer up environment, then the principle of equifinality, which determines the capacities in organizational adaptations, by which it could be able to realize its objectives, even when initial conditions of functionning change, and finally, the principle of auto-regulation, for the organization cannot continue to proceed to critical analysis of essential aspects of management. .
Bakehe, Délise Laurence. "Les conflits sportifs au Cameroun et leurs règlements." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCF009.
Full textThere is seldom any event as captivating, fascinating, touching and at the same time riddled with so many contradictions as sports in Cameroon. In fact, from one generation to another, sports has sometimes been considered as a factor of national cohesion and sometimes as a seed of division and all sorts of discord. If we look at it closely, the unexpected achievements, which no one dreamt of, that have been done in this field over the last three decades eventually led to the social tendency to portray Cameroon as a sports country, a great sports country. In concrete terms, this has resulted in the participation of its athletes and teams in international competitions. The resulting fame thus gave the country the opportunity to better organise its sports, in order to maintain this beautiful image earned by the selflessness of its athletes.Paradoxically, however, it is observed that the achievements of these athletes have not produced the expected results, due to the involvement of governing bodies in unending internal struggles and conflicts. In fact, the recurrence of conflicts and disputes within Cameroonian sports bodies is a real problem, both in terms of stakeholders` fulfilment and infrastructure development. These widespread and pernicious issues have thus prevented sports from developing in a professional way and enabling its main actors to make a decent living from it.This study aims to analyse the organisation and functioning of these bodies based on texts in force and facts on the ground, in order to better identify the origin of these conflicts and to understand the ways of resolving them.The documentary analysis that we used as theoretical framework for this study made it possible to highlight conflicts related to elections, sports proper and finally, administrative and financial litigation respectively. Moreover, defining the nature and type of sports conflicts in Cameroon has been undoubtedly a major epistemological obstacle since the review of related literature showed little or no previous work on this issue.Moreover, highlighting the question of whether or not these conflicts can be settled by arbitration has enabled an analysis of the institutions, methods, and procedures put in place for their resolution, based on facts and legal precedents.Finally, it is to be said that the sports movement in Cameroon is experiencing endless conflicts that significantly hamper its operation and, the various ways of regulation that are observed are a reflection of the confusion in which the country`s sports practice is mired
Nlend, Nlend Pascal. "Les traditions céramiques dans leur contexte archéologique sur le littoral camerounais (Kribi-Campo) de 3000 à 500 BP." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209563.
Full textThis population lived a sedentary lifestyle, based on hunting, gathering, fishing and probably also on agriculture. They dug out pits, of which some might have had a ritual function.
Funerary structures were identified, dating to the Early Iron Age. The specific disposition of pots and their association with different iron objects seem to indicate the presence of elite graves. This hierarchical society might have spread beyond the Kribi-Campo region about 2000 years ago as similar burial sites were found in Equatorial Guinea.
Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
WAKATA, BOLVINE FRANCOIS. "Politique d'information et pratiques journalistiques : les differences de traitement de l'information entre journalistes anglophones et francophones a cameroon tribune." Grenoble 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE39011.
Full text"modern cameroon is the result of two communities emerging from a joint francobritish colonisation. From that the institution of an official bilingualism was designed to express this origin. The media of the state are construed following this dualist logic and is composed of bilingual wording. Now, despite an institutional environment preaching a "united voice", the official press produces a polyphonic discourse, often contrary to government stipulations. These differences are often due to the english-speaking journalists who use the media as a means of assertion and as a vehicle for political demands in the face of a french-speaking majority power. In this way cameroon journalists seem to have developed notable specific pratices of reflecting the "interior" environment which is reflected by their activity, and tending to reproduce strong relationships which cross the socio-political field of a country where englishspeakers and french-speaking build up, consciously or not, strategies directed at maintaining or modifiying the balance of forces which govern their relationships"
Ngo, Yebga Noël Solange. "Expériences et normes liées à la procréation au Cameroun : Une ethnographie locale à partir de l’exemple du recours à l’avortement à Eséka et à Maroua." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3013.
Full textOur thesis is about the abortion in Cameroon in two cities Eséka and Maroua. We aim to understand the stresses related to abortion in urban areas in a context where there are specific medical and legal provisions. An empirical study was conducted in two locations. This fieldwork, we observed that there is for women at the medical level, the possibility of support for post-abortion care, regardless of the conditions of its realization. From a legal standpoint, the decision to have an abortion outside the defined legal requirements remains problematic for women and for those who resort to abortion outside this framework. We affirm that procreative norms that women face daily, in particular those related to pregnancy, can encourage them to resort to abortion, although this is highly regulated. The theoretical framework combines both sociological theory of experience, the ethnographic approach of the context (global and local) and the cases studies related to abortion. From this perspective, we analyze the abortion from the experiences and individual stories of women related to procreation and pregnancy in one hand, as well as from difficulties related to norms imposed by social institutions like the family or the State in the other hand. This is mostly to show through this specific experience, implementation challenges that come with the translation of recommendations made at the international level to the local level in the particular case of abortion
Amougui, Atangana Elie Serge. "Controle fiscal et performance des finances publiques au Cameroun." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01D013.
Full textSince the end of the 1980s, the political and institutional system of Cameroon is performing. This does not spare the tax administration. Indeed, considered for a long time as a simple provider of budgetary revenues, the public tax service must now be used to satisfy. the requirement and the achievement of the performance objective which is the Cameroon's new public finance paradigm. This is the reason why the actual research questions the Cameroonian model of fiscal control in order to know if it can be considered as a lever for the performance of public finances. A rigorous interpretation of the normative framework and a careful observation of the practice of fiscal control in this country lead to a clear diagnosis. The latter reveals that various obstacles obstruct the capacity of this legal technique to promote the performance of public finances in Cameroon. These obstacles, which are invariably legal and socio-economic in nature, are linked to the internal environment and the international context of control operations. After this first observation, the research also aims to suggest some normative, institutional and managerial developments likely to favor the economic and financial profitability of the tax audit without jeopardizing the legal security of taxpayers. In this perspective, Cameroon's legislator could include the performance requirement in the corpus of standards governing tax audits. Such innovation can be enhanced by adapting control techniques to the realities of the local economic fabric and to the international economic context. A reconfiguration of the normative, institutional and functional system of the control services could also make a decisive contribution to transforming this legal technique into a genuine tool for the performance of public finances in Cameroon. This requirement may remain a wish if the tax administration fails to appropriate or internalize the critical assessment of its own control methods and procedures
Wallaert, Hélène. "Mains agiles, mains d'argile: apprentissage de la poterie au Nord-Cameroun. modes d'acquisition des compôrtements techniques." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211720.
Full textLavachery, Philippe. "De la pierre au métal: archéologie des dépôts holocènes de l'abri de Shum Laka (Cameroun)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212115.
Full textGuitard, Emilie. "« Le grand chef doit être comme le grand tas d’ordures » : gestion des déchets et relations de pouvoir dans les villes de Garoua et Maroua (Cameroun)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100142/document.
Full textIn the middle-size cities of Garoua and Maroua in Northern Cameroon, it is said that “chiefs”, those having authority over a family, a town quarter, a city or, formally, a kingdom, should be « like great trash piles ». This proverb thus posits a privileged link between authority and the exercise of power, and the management of waste: a chief should adopt a patient and hieratic attitude towards the insults and complaints he receives from his subjects like so much filth; but also, in keeping with an esoteric understanding developed by local religions and taken up within an Islamic framework, he is expected to exhibit the magical and other powers that are held to arise from large and ancient heaps of rubbish. In the light of local conceptions relating to bodily excreta, refuse and the residues of daily activities, the control and handling of rubbish appears as an essential component of a distinctive “governmentality” (Foucault). The latter operates though specific “techniques of the body” and “techniques of the self” aimed at disentangling oneself from one’s bodily and material waste products. A genealogical analysis of the discourses and practices of individual and institutional waste management, since the founding of these two cities in the 18th century to the privatisation of this public service at the beginning of the 21st century, shows how, in this context, trash piles act as veritable “devices” of power, and the control of filth as a powerful instrument for governing the self and others
Galland, Emmanuel. "Figures et imaginaires de la réussite sociale à Yaoundé : les enjeux moraux d’un débat public." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3060.
Full textUrban Cameroonians express a sense of passing through a time of “moral crisis” concerning the paths and foundations of social success. A sets of representations and imaginaries link intimately the question of success to the denunciation of moral depravity. Critique of “misguided” forms of success implies a denunciation of corruption, nepotism, scams, homosexuality and other forms of sexuality deemed to be scandalous. Criticism is also extended to “cults” and “occult circles”, “mysticism”, and “ritual crime”, as well as other practices connected to the imaginary of witchcraft and the occult.This thesis explores issues related to these critiques. By observing the practices of different urban social groups, an emic sense of the specific conceptions, figures, and paths of success in Yaoundé show that there are several constellations of norms, values, and feelings that impact how social success is judged, perceived, and legitimated. An opposition principle emerges between, on one side, a moral economy of a facility based on the speed and disconnection of productive work, and on the other side, a moral economy of merit that is articulated around the recognition of the value of hard work, talent and competence.A number of moral stakes are structured around this opposition and are seen in the denunciation discourse of social actors. Through their critique, these actors construct, in different contexts, the “scourges”, social problems, and political “causes” related to ways of becoming rich and succeeding. This is becoming increasingly visible and spectacular in recent years with major “affaires” agitating the public and political space of Cameroon
Droissart, Vincent. "Etude taxonomique et biogéographique des plantes endémiques d'Afrique centrale atlantique: le cas des Orchidaceae." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210364.
Full textCette étude phytogéographique porte sur la famille des Orchidaceae et est basée sur l’analyse de la distribution des taxons endémiques de l’ACA. Elle s’appuie sur un jeu de données original résultant d’un effort d’échantillonnage important au Cameroun et d’un travail d’identification et de localisation de spécimens dans les principaux herbaria européens abritant des collections d’ACA. Durant cette étude, (i) nous avons tout d’abord identifié ces taxons endémiques et documenté leur distribution au travers de plusieurs contributions taxonomiques et floristiques, (ii) nous nous sommes ensuite intéressé aux nouvelles méthodes permettant d’analyser ces données d’herbier de plantes rares et donc pauvrement documentées, testant aussi l’intérêt des Orchidaceae comme marqueurs chorologiques, et finalement, appliquant ces méthodes à notre jeu de données, (iii) nous avons délimité des centres d’endémisme et identifié les territoires phytogéographiques des Orchidaceae en ACA.
(i) Une révision taxonomique des genres Chamaeangis Schltr. et Stolzia Schltr. a été réalisée respectivement. Sept nouveaux taxons ont été décrits: Angraecum atlanticum Stévart & Droissart, Chamaeangis spiralis Stévart & Droissart, Chamaeangis lecomtei (Finet) Schltr. var. tenuicalcar Stévart & Droissart, Polystachya engogensis Stévart & Droissart, Polystachya reticulata Stévart & Droissart, Stolzia repens (Rolfe) Summerh var. cleistogama Stévart, Droissart & Simo et Stolzia grandiflora P.J.Cribb subsp. lejolyana Stévart, Droissart & Simo. Plusieurs notes taxonomiques, phytogéographiques et écologiques supplémentaires ont également été redigées. Au total, nous avons identifié 203 taxons d’Orchidaceae endémiques d’ACA parmi lesquels 193 sont pris en compte pour l’étude des patrons d’endémisme.
(ii) Au Cameroun, les patrons de distribution des Orchidaceae et des Rubiaceae endémiques d’ACA ont été étudiés conjointement. Des méthodes de rééchantillonnage des données (raréfaction) ont été appliquées pour calculer des indices de diversité et de similarité. Elles ont permis de corriger les biais liés à la variation de l’effort d’échantillonnage. Un gradient de continentalité a été observé, les parties côtières étant les plus riches en taxons endémiques d’ACA. Contrairement à la région du Mont Cameroun et aux massifs de Kupe/Bakossi qui ont connu une attention particulière des politiques et des scientifiques, la partie côtière du sud Cameroun, presque aussi riche, reste mal inventoriée pour plusieurs familles végétales.
Cette analyse à l’échelle du Cameroun a également permis de comparer les patrons d’endémisme des Orchidaceae et des Rubiaceae. Les différences observées seraient principalement dues à la présence d’Orchidaceae terrestres dans les végétations basses et les prairies montagnardes de la dorsale camerounaise alors que les Rubiaceae sont généralement peu représentées dans ces habitats. Au sein des habitats forestiers, la concordance entre les patrons d’endémisme des Orchidaceae et des Rubiaceae remet en question l’utilisation des capacités de dispersion des espèces comme critère pour choisir les familles permettant l’identification des refuges forestiers et semble ainsi confirmer la pertinence de l’utilisation des Orchidaceae comme marqueur chorologique.
La distribution potentielle a été utilisée pour étudier en détail l’écologie, la distribution et le statut de conservation de Diceratostele gabonensis Summerh. une Orchidaceae endémique de la région guinéo-congolaise uniquement connue d’un faible nombre d’échantillons. Cette méthodologie semble appropriée pour compléter nos connaissances sur la distribution des espèces rares et guider les futurs inventaires en Afrique tropicale.
(iii) En ACA, les Orchidaceae permettent d’identifier plusieurs centres d’endémisme qui coïncident généralement avec ceux identifiés précédemment pour d’autres familles végétales. Ces constats supportent aussi l’utilisation des Orchidaceae comme marqueur chorologique. La délimitation des aires d’endémisme des Orchidaceae a ainsi permis de proposer une nouvelle carte phytogéographique de l’ACA. Les éléments phytogéographiques propres à chacune des dix phytochories décrites ont été identifiés et leurs affinités floristiques discutées. Les résultats phytogéographiques obtenus (a) soutiennent l’existence d’une barrière phytogéographique matérialisée par la rivière Sanaga entre les deux principaux centres et aires d’endémisme de l’ACA, (b) étendent l’archipel afromontagnard situé principalement au Cameroun au plateau de Jos (Nigeria) et (c) montrent l’importance de la chaîne montagneuse morcelée Ngovayang-Mayombe pour la distribution de l’endémisme en ACA. Cette chaîne de montagne, qui s’étend le long des côtes de l’océan du sud Cameroun au Congo-Brazzaville et qui correspond à plusieurs refuges forestiers identifiés par de nombreux auteurs, est ici considérée comme une seule aire d’endémisme morcelée./
Atlantic central Africa (ACA) covers the Lower Guinean Domain, the four islands of the Gulf of Guinea and a part of the afromontane archipelago. Different centres of endemism have been identified into this area and are usually considered as related to glacial forest refuges. However, the origin of this endemism, the localization of the centres and the methods employed to identify these centres are subject to debate. Yet, the localization of these centres of endemism and the identification of the rare plants they harbor is an essential prerequisite to setting up rational conservation policies, and remains a priority for private, institutional and governmental organizations which are dealing with the sustainable management of biodiversity.
This phytogeographical study focuses on Orchidaceae and analyses the distribution of the taxa endemic to ACA. We use an original dataset resulting from an important sampling efforts and the identification of specimens coming from all the principal herbaria where collections from ACA are housed. During this study, (i) we first identified the taxa endemic to ACA and documented their distribution through several taxonomic and floristic contributions, (ii) we used and developed new methods allowing to correct for sampling bias associated with the use of rare and poorly documented taxa, testing at the same time the use of Orchidaceae as chorological markers, and finally, applying these methods to our dataset, (iii) we delimited the centres of endemism and identified the phytogeographical territories of Orchidaceae in ACA.
(i) A taxonomic revision of Chamaeangis Schltr. and Stolzia Schltr. respectively was carried out. Seven new taxa were described: Angraecum atlanticum Stévart & Droissart, Chamaeangis spiralis Stévart & Droissart, Chamaeangis lecomtei (Finet) Schltr. var. tenuicalcar Stévart & Droissart, Polystachya engogensis Stévart & Droissart, Polystachya reticulata Stévart & Droissart, Stolzia repens (Rolfe) Summerh var. cleistogama Stévart, Droissart & Simo and Stolzia grandiflora P.J.Cribb subsp. lejolyana Stévart, Droissart & Simo. Several additional taxonomic, phytogeographical and ecological notes were also published. We finally identified 203 Orchidaceae taxa endemic to ACA, among which 193 were used to study the patterns of endemism.
(ii) In Cameroon, the distribution patterns of both Orchidaceae and Rubiaceae endemic to ACA were studied. Subsampling methods (rarefaction) were applied to calculate diversity and similarity indices and to correct potential bias associated with heterogeneous sampling intensity. A gradient of continentality was confirmed in Cameroon, the coastal part being the richest in taxa endemic to ACA. The Cameroon Mountain and the Kupe/Bakossi mountain massifs have received a great consideration of politics and scientists. On the contrary, the Southern coastal part of Cameroon, though almost as rich as the Northern part, remains poorly known for several plant families.
This analysis also allowed us to compare patterns of endemism of Orchidaceae and Rubiaceae. The differences observed could be mainly due to the terrestrial habit of some Orchidaceae, which are only found in the grasslands of the highest part of the Cameroonian volcanic line where endemic Rubiaceae are rare. Within forest habitats, the concordance between the patterns of endemism of Orchidaceae and Rubiaceae question the widespread use of dispersal ability as a selection criterion for the families used to identify forest refuges. This also confirms the relevance of Orchidaceae as chorological marker.
Species distribution modelling was used of an in depth study of the ecology, the distribution and the conservation status of Diceratostele gabonensis Summerh. an Orchidaceae endemic to the Guineo-Congolian regional centre of endemism which is only known from very few collections. This method is proved to be appropriate to complete our knowledge on the distribution of rare plant species and to guide the future inventories in tropical Africa.
(iii) In ACA, an analysis of the distribution of endemic Orchidaceae confirmed the presence and location of several centres of endemism previously identified on the basis of other plant families. This result again supports the use of Orchidaceae as a chorological marker. The chorological study of the endemic Orchidaceae allowed us to propose a new phytogeographical map for ACA. Phytogeographical elements for each of the ten phytochoria described were identified and their floristic affinities were also discussed. Our results (a) support the existence of a phytogeographical barrier, materialized by the Sanaga River, between the two main centres and area of endemism of the ACA, (b) extend the limits of the afromontane archipelago to the Jos Plateau in Nigeria and (c) show the importance of the Ngovayang-Mayombe line to explain the distribution of endemism in ACA. This mountainous line, stretching along the ocean coast from Southern Cameroon to Congo-Brazzaville, corresponds to several forest refuges identified by many authors, and is here considered as an unique but discontinuous area of endemism.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Gwet, Ghislaine Ariane. "L'école au Cameroun pendant les périodes coloniales allemande et française et leur retombée sur la situation actuelle." Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0008.
Full textThis thesis deals with the school issue in Cameroon during the German and French colonial periods, as well as their impact on the current situation. This is a thorough analysis of the place and forms of education in Cameroon under the German and French colonial yokes. It takes into account the different political objectives and conceptions of man, specific to each of the two colonial powers. It specifically underlines feminine education in each part of this work. The comparative analysis of the German and French colonial educational systems highlights the differences and similarities between the both educational policies and their concrete applications. Our work is not restricted to this comparative approach but goes beyond this. It shows that the educational system in Cameroon is now essentially marked by the French colonial past, whereas the remains of German colonization academically are almost absent
Gosselain, Olivier. "Identités techniques: le travail de la poterie au Cameroun méridional." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212622.
Full textNguegang, Asaa Prosper. "L'agriculture urbaine et périurbaine à Youndé: analyse fonctionnelle d'une activité montante en économie de survie." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210392.
Full textComme la plupart des villes africaines, Yaoundé, capitale du Cameroun, est confrontée aux phénomènes d’urbanisation croissante. Cette urbanisation rapide n’est pas accompagnée d’une croissance économique. En fait, le pouvoir d’achat extrêmement bas, le chômage, le sous-emploi, la pauvreté, voire la misère, ont amené une frange importante de la population à inventer de nouvelles solutions pour s’assurer un revenu. C’est alors qu’apparaît le phénomène d’agriculture urbaine et périurbaine. La caractérisation de cette agriculture a mis en évidence une interaction entre les catégories d’acteurs, les types d’espaces, les types de cultures, les produits obtenus et les revenus moyens générés. Il ressort de l’analyse des résultats que cette forme d’agriculture emploie près de 2000 personnes, pour la plupart des jeunes et, surtout, des femmes, dont la moyenne d’âge est de 35 ans. C’est une activité basée principalement dans les bas-fonds marécageux, le bas des pentes, les abords des routes avec une forte pression sur l’espace. Les cultures sont diversifiées et sont à dominance maraîchère, vivrière et floricole. Elles varient en fonction des trois espaces étudiés, à savoir l’auréole urbaine, la zone périurbaine et l’hinterland rural.
L’analyse du système de commercialisation a mis en évidence trois types de circuits à travers lesquels les produits transitent des producteurs aux consommateurs. Ce sont notamment les circuits longs, les circuits courts et les circuits directs. Dans ces circuits de commercialisation, la régulation du marché se réalise au niveau de tous les intervenants. Cela signifie que les prix des produits ne sont pas fixés d’avance, mais varient en fonction de la demande. En ce qui concerne la rentabilité, l’analyse sur les comptes d’exploitation des cultures de céleri, de ndolé et de morelle noire indique que cette agriculture est rentable avec un gain moyen journalier de près de trois euros pour les producteurs. C’est la raison pour laquelle certains maraîchers estiment qu’à la place d’un travail salarial de près de 75euros / mois, ils préfèrent rester dans leur jardin.
Cependant, aucun cadre juridique et réglementaire lié à l’exercice de cette activité n’est disponible. Aucun article de loi ne l’autorise. Nous avons noté également de nombreuses autres contraintes liées à l’organisation des producteurs, aux pratiques, à la structuration et la mise en marché des produits. Ces résultats ont alors d’importantes implications quant à la compréhension des interactions entre les agriculteurs en ville et le monde politique de Yaoundé. Les fonctions multiples de cette activité tel que l’emploi pour les jeunes, les revenus substantiels pour les couches des populations les plus vulnérables, la gestion des déchets urbains et la beauté du paysage étant autant d’attraits qui concourent à son encouragement.
Les stratégies qui visent à susciter l’implication des producteurs urbains dans le développement de la ville de Yaoundé ont été mises en œuvre à travers la CAUPA (Coalition pour la promotion de l’agriculture urbaine et périurbaine en Afrique). L’intégration de ces stratégies dans les schémas directeurs d’aménagements urbains, pourrait contribuer à concilier les défis d'une amélioration du bien-être des populations en quête de survie. Cette thèse met en évidence la nécessité d’une médiation entre les différentes catégories d’acteurs pour une agriculture urbaine et périurbaine de qualité. Les résultats pourront permettre aux décideurs et administrateurs des villes de disposer d‘informations utiles sur l’importance de cette forme d’agriculture qui est, non seulement montante, mais aussi controversée.
SUMMARY:
As in most African cities, Yaounde, the capital city of Cameroon, is faced with the phenomenon of urbanization. This leads to socio-economic problems especially in food supply and acquisition of basic necessities. The extremely low purchasing power, unemployment, underemployment, poverty - say misery, brought a significant proportion of the population to invent new solutions to ensure basic income through urban and peri-urban agriculture. The characterization of this agricultural system highlights the interaction between various stakeholders, types of spaces and crops, productivity and average revenue generated. Results show that this agricultural system has generated employment for about 2000 people, mainly youths and especially women, with 35 years average age. The activity is based mainly in lowland floody zones, low slope, landscaping roads with increase land pressure. Vegetables, gardening and flowers are dominant diversified crops noticed in the area. These crops vary from urban, peri-urban and rural areas, three landscape which were studied.
The analysis of the marketing chain show three main types of distribution chains through which products pass from producers to consumers. These include long distribution, short distribution and direct channel. In these channels, the regulation of the market is achieved at the level of all stakeholders. This means that the prices of the products are therefore fixed in advance, and also are functions of demand. Regarding profitability, the analysis on the farmer’s accounts of Celery, Bitter leaf and Black nightshade indicates that this agriculture is profitable with an average daily gain of almost 3 euro per producers. That's why some gardeners believes that instead of a salary of almost 75 euro per month, they prefer to stay in their farm.
However, no legal and regulatory framework related to this activity is available in the case of Yaounde. Also, there are many other constraints related to the organization of producers, practices, structuring and implementation of products in the markets. These results have important implications to the understanding of the interaction between farmers and policy makers. The multiple functions of this activity such as youth employment, income for substantial segments of the most vulnerable populations, urban waste management and the beautification of the landscape is as much attraction that contribute to its promotion.
A strategy to encourage the implication of urban producers in the development of the city of Yaounde has been implemented through CAUPA. The integration of these strategies in urban planners, could help for the challenges of improving people’s welfare. Subsequently, this thesis brings forth the need for a mediation between different stakeholders and contributes to good quality of peri-urban agriculture. The results can therefore enable decision-makers and policy to provide useful information on the importance of this form of agriculture which is not only rising, but also controversial.
Doctorat en Sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Saïdou, Hamadou. "Pauvreté, paludisme et réformes des systèmes de santé en Afrique : trois études appliquées au Cameroun." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLED003/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with poverty, malaria and health system reforms in Africa. It is motivated by persistently high levels of social inequality, prevalence and mortality related to malaria in sub-Saharan Africa in a context characterized by widespread use of insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITNs) and the implementation of innovative reforms in health system. We focused on three cases studies applied to Cameroon. Since 2012, the country has been experimenting the Performance Based Financing (PBF) approach in its health system. We used data from the PBF impact assessment surveys conducted in this country in 2012 and 2015.Our results show first that the households’ low level of standard of living predisposes its members under 5 to malaria. Secondly, we find that the malaria shocks, very frequent for children under 5 years, affect negatively the mothers. Thirdly labor supply. We find that the reforms introduced by PBF have a significant and positive impact on the therapeutic use in case of malaria of children under 5 in Cameroon, especially among the poor children and in rural areas.The results obtained could guide endemic sub-Saharan countries in the implementation of the new roadmap for the achievement of sustainable development goals, formulate consistent policies against malaria and against poverty
Merlat, Tchoutchoua Bonjawo Honorée. "Les jeunes filles « soutien de famille » à Yaoundé : analyse sociologique d’un phénomène répandu mais invisible." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100006/document.
Full textThis thesis examines the financial contributions of young girls in Yaoundé (Cameroon) to their family resources. Little attention has been given to the phenomenon of young girls as breadwinner in research in the social sciences; thus, our objective through this work is to try to make it a subject of research in itself. Our study analyses semi-structured interviews with 45 women (hosted, heads of households, married). The results show that these young girls’ economic support to their family does not happen spontaneously. It is the result of a long process incorporating the specific social, family and individual configurations. It also appears that unlike the ideas conveyed by some feminists, the person exerting domination over women is not always the man but rather the entire family and mainly they are women.Women, who bear the bulk of the family's expenses, are placed in the ambivalent position of having to sacrifice the future autonomy of younger and more vulnerable women who are sometimes their own daughters. Parents thus delegate to children the financial burden that they are supposed to support. So these girls, whose economic responsibilities are considered as very important on the one hand, are socially considered as minors on the other hand.Although our study shows the vast majority of our respondents as individuals acting like breadwinners, their energy to support their families of birth results in great injuries. The role of breadwinner has negative repercussions on their life projects, namely, downgrading on the marriage market, difficulties in conceiving children and inability to put aside their own savings, that could be useful in their future life just to name a few
Kouob, Bégné Serge. "Les forêts matures de terre ferme du sud-est Cameroun." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210222.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Laborde-Balen, Gabrièle. "Au-delà du traitement du sida : une anthropologie de l’échec thérapeutique au Cameroun." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3116/document.
Full textWhen antiretroviral treatment becomes widespread in countries in the Global South, the emergence of viral resistance related to treatment failures is a threat for individuals and the general public. In Cameroon, various constraints hinder the prevention, detection and case management of treatment failures. Through an anthropological approach, this dissertation explores the context and determinants of treatment failures. Nonadherence is the main cause of their onset. Medical and psychosocial teams must face a lack of suitable guidelines and procedures. Also, notification of the failure is often associated with placing blame on patients, on whom caregivers assign sole responsibility for the failure. Adaptation in facilities is limited. Medical and psychosocial care is focused on starting treatment and making changes in treatment, but long-term follow-up does not exist. Patients’ perceptions of antiretrovirals are hampered by failures. The failure redefines power relationships and trust between caregivers and patients. Caregivers’ attitudes vacillate between compassion and condemnation, while the failure reinforces the patients’ dependence. This dissertation aims to contribute to the anthropological discussion on medicines, the health system and the caregiver-patient relationship as well as to improve care for patients with treatment failure to ensure the continued effectiveness of antiretroviral therapies that underlie any hopes of one day eradicating the epidemic
Njifon, Nsangou Hassan. "Drépanocytose et fratrie : une étude clinique exploratoire du vécu des frères et sœurs d’enfants atteints en contexte culturel camerounais." Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100015.
Full textThe family is a potential social resource for sick people. However, under such circumstances, siblings are less often considered and even studied than parents. It is important to understand how siblings of a child with a chronic condition such as sickle cell disease cope with the situation. This genetic disease is characterized with pain and chronic anemia, generally unpredictable. This dissertation explored the experiences of 4 brothers and 10 sisters of children with sickle cell disease met in 9 different families in Cameroon through the clinical interview and the family drawing. The analysis of interviews and the analysis of family drawings highlight the children give meaning to the disease by relying on traditional and Western representations. They have feelings of helplessness, guilt, shame and experience the sick as strange during crises. They are afraid of being contaminated as well while having ambivalent feelings whereby they wish for the sick sibling’s death while at the same time exhibiting fear of the same. They feel lonely, siblings are not a resource and talking about the disease is a challenge. The sick child is perceived as a passive victim, not like a brother. This dissertation shows the specificities of the experiences of these siblings and emphasizes the need to offer a listening ear among them and the sick child so that he/she can be/become a child among others
Bivina, Guillaume. "L'éducation, un aspect des relations culturelles Cameroun -Canada (1948-2008)." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON30009.
Full textIn 2010, Cameroon celebrated the centenary of modern education and the fiftieth anniversary of its independence. For adult generations, school level dropped alarmingly. According to this thesis, the students were once more conscientious and more efficient. As such, schools like BONNEAU, SACRED HEART, SAINT-HEART, VOGT, STOLL, evoke everything that is serious. Great personalities of Cameroon of the example of the current head of State were being trained by Canadian missionaries. Wanting to know what the peculiarity of this education was, we issued the general assumption that it was based on a particular educational approach. This assumption allowed us to develop a questionnaire to examine the ethical, socio-professional, pedagogical and technological aspects of Canadian educators. After counting the questionnaire, it appears that the ethical and moral values were at the heart of their educational approach. The profile of the teachers appeared less important than the Christian values they embodied. We therefore proposed that the current Cameroonian educators get inspired by this model to improve their practice. In short, it became highly desirable that history teachers, based on the Canadian ethical approach, have authentically African values to young Cameroonians
Simeu, Simplice. "Le français parlé au Cameroun : une analyse de quatre marqueurs discursifs (là, par exemple, ékyé et wèé)." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAL006/document.
Full textThis thesis sets out to describe and to analyse the discourse markers (DMs) là, par exemple, ékyé and wèé in Cameroon French, a regional variety of French that is spoken in Subsharan Africa. It is a pragmatic study of oral discourses that highlights how communication is based on speech inter-subjectivity such as DMs, which constitute linguistic traces. In order to study these uninvestigated pragmatic phenomena in Cameroon spoken French, three notions were of prime necessity, namely: discursive continuity, social implicity and interaction. These notions help to shed light on the informational structure and on the situational context of the DMs là, par exemple, ékyé and wèé in discourse organization as well as in its production or in its reception. The data of this study was got from two sources: on the one hand, radio programmes, and on the other hand, scripts collected from the internet. The study comprises two parts: Part one focuses on the theoretical concerns, alongside some illustrations of excerpts from the data. The second part provides a systematic analysis of the data (the functioning of the four DMs là, par exemple, ékyé and wèé in radio programmes and in internet scripts). This analysis enabled the confirmation that not only is it difficult to clearly define what a DM is but that there are also several competing terms and explanations, as theories regarding studies on DMs are heterogeneous. We propose an operational definition of DMs for the analysis of the data and suggest that studies on regional French spoken in Africa should take into account oral phenomena related to interaction
Kay, Nicole. "Les représentations sociales du changement climatique au Cameroun : analyse de presses et analyse comparée chez les agriculteurs en zone équatoriale et en zone soudano-sahélienne." Thesis, Angers, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ANGE0045/document.
Full textClimate change is obvious and its impacts on agriculture in undeniable especially in sub-saharan african countries which remain the most vulnerable. This study analyzes the social representation of climate change among farmers in Cameroon. The theoretical framework is the structural approach of social representations. Thus, it was question of examining the organisation and the structuring of the object climate change within the specific public which are the farmers. Three surveys were conducted for this purpose.The first study in an exploratory survey ; three groups of farmers (N=60) were interviewed through the free association test. It is observed that climate change is indeed an object of representation for farmers and has a dual structure with two different core centers that have functional elements.The second study was condutued four years laters within two groups of farmers (N=95) still in the same geo-climatic contexts. The free association test was completed by the characterization questionnaire. As with the first survey, there are also two different social representations of climate change. For one group, the absence of rain appears more salient and the advance of desert mor characteristic ; while for the other, the change of season seems more central. A diachronic reading of the study shows changes in the representation.The third study focused on the press release on climate change through lexicometric analysis. Three newspapers and dailies were analyzed. There is a potential influence of the press discourse in the representation field.Beyond the contextual variable that strongly differentiates the two groups of farmers by inducing differentiated social representations, the study shows a social representation described essentially through its effects, structured around natural elements related to agricultural practice and evolving gradually. The results are discussed in terms of the climatic characteristics of each zone and adaptation to climate change through the adoption of new agricultural practices
Tchendjou, tankam Patrice Yves. "Conseil prénatal du VIH orienté vers le couple : faisabilité et effets sur la prévention du VIH au Cameroun." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0334/document.
Full textIt is a little above 30 years that the first cases of AIDS resulting from HIV infection were described in the United States of America. This disease remains a public health problem worldwide, with a great social and economic impact. In 2012, it was reported that the disease had already caused over 25 million deaths, and yet every year, more than 70% of the 2.3 million new HIV infections occurred in Africa, where there are only 12% of the world’s population. In Africa, there is a peculiar evolution of this infection overtime. After nearly two decades of promoting the ABC programs (abstinence, be faithful, condoms); promotion of counseling and testing; or more recently, introduction of pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis, usage of antiretroviral therapy as treatment and prevention, the prevalence of HIV remained stable or decreased in the most at-risk populations but increased dramatically in the formerly low-risk populations. Recent data from South Africa, Botswana an Cameroon showed that the prevalence of HIV is twice as much in women as in men and was higher in the population age range of 30 to 45 years, which constitute the economic livelihood of the continent. Furthermore, in some countries like in Cameroon, HIV prevalence was reported to be higher in stable couples (married, prolonged cohabitation etc.). It therefore seems necessary to revise the actual strategies of HIV prevention to deal with the new facet of the HIV epidemic in the African context. This thesis, which is a reported experience from an operational research, presents the results of the evaluation of a new intervention so called couple-oriented HIV counseling (COC), built by using the health belief model. It is an enhanced HIV post-test counseling offered during prenatal HIV testing, in replacement of the classical HIV post-test counseling. The originality of this study was the quality of our study design with a good level of proof and the public health perspective of the new strategy. To realize the study, we adopted two methodological approaches. The first one, acting as a proof of concept, was a randomized trial, conducted in a reference structure in an urban area (ANRS 12127-Prenahtest trial), to evaluate the efficiency of the new COC intervention to improve prenatal HIV testing of male partners, couple counseling for HIV and spousal communication about. Besides the effects of the COC, we documented other conditions for the improvement of previously mentioned indicators. After the proof of concept phase, we realized a second stage which consisted of scaling-up of the new intervention, with implementation conditions very close to the field conditions to take into account the future needs of transferability in practical standard care conditions. The study design used for this phase was the before/ after study (SIMECAM – FGSK project). This type of study was chosen to take into account the organization of the health system with three categories of health facilities at the peripheral level (district hospitals, divisional medical centers and integrated health centers). It also took into account the ethical component resulting from the superiority of the new intervention of COC described in an urban area
Hellberg, Simon, and Dominik Hollidt. "Evaluation of Camera Resolution in Optical Flow Estimation Using Event-Based Cameras." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-280321.
Full textDe senaste utvecklingarna inom händelsebaserad kamerateknologi och deras nyligen utökade mängd pixlar ställer frågan om denna högre upplösning påverkar precision samt prestanda för algoritmer. Den här rapporten studerar påverkan av upplösning på optiskt flödes-algoritmer för händelsebaserade kameror. För att göra detta skapas en dataupsättning av riktiga och syntetiska scener, där det sanna optiska flödet är känt. För att modellera den lågupplösta datan används tre olika nedskalningsalgoritmer. Kameran som används för att spela in de riktiga scenerna var Prophesee (CSD3SVCD), som vi avgjorde var den bästa av de nuvarande existerande kamerorna i en förstudie. I förstudien bedömde vi kamerornas precision i tid samt rymd. För att besvara vår huvudsakliga fråga testades totalt 13 algoritmvariationer från fyra algoritmfamiljer (Lucas-Kanade [1, 2], Local Planes fitting [3, 2], direction-selective filter [4, 2] och patch match [5]). Vi analyserar deras prestanda i beräkningstid, densitet av vektorer, ändpunktsfel, relativt ändpunktsfel och vinkelfel. Resultaten visar ingen global trend över alla algoritmer för precision av optiskt flöde baserat på upplösning. Individuella trender kan dock skönjas inom algoritmfamiljer. Den bäst presterande algoritmfamiljen, patch match, verkade föredra de mindre täta typerna av nedskalning. Utvärderingen visar också att över upplösning så verkar datans specifika karaktäristik ha större påverkan på precision. Därför kan brusreducerad data ha mer påverkan på en algoritms precision än en ändrad upplösning.
Moungande, Ibrahim Aliloulay. "De la pratique rituelle au spectacle vivant: une approche sémio-anthropologique du Nguon et du Ngondo au Cameroun." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209396.
Full textS’appuyant sur le fait que le corpus de ce travail est constitué de deux rites appartenant à deux régions diamétralement opposées du Cameroun et que chacun d’eux procède d’un style particulier, le besoin de recourir à l’approche comparatiste de temps à autre s’est fait sentir. Fort de ce constat, la sémiologie du spectacle vivant qui sert de support méthodologique et théorique est complétée par l’approche comparatiste. Approche qui ne vise pas à assimiler le Nguon et le Ngondo, mais à mettre en évidence les spécificités de chaque rite grâce à la mise en rapport de l’un avec l’autre.
Les résultats auxquels nous sommes parvenu montrent que ces deux pratiques rituelles sont des performances au sens Schechnerien du terme. Chacune d’elles ayant une certaine spécificité.
Le Nguon est à coup sûr une suite d’évènements représentés devant un public par des acteurs en un temps déterminé dont l’imitation et la dénégation en constituent l’essence. Dans cette perspective, il se rapprocherait plus d’une représentation théâtrale. Contrairement au Nguon, le Ngondo est une suite de performances où gestes (minutieusement orchestrés, chorégraphiés), objets et certaines activités ludiques constituent un vocabulaire dont la syntaxe déroule un sens. Dans cette perspective, chaque esprit forge ses propres refuges, ses stratégies, ses fétiches pour affronter cette pratique rituelle où certains référentiels du théâtre tels que la frontalité, la dénégation, etc. paraissent estompés ou abolis pour céder place aux terrains d’action, d’expérimentation et de transformation. Ainsi, chaque moment du Ngondo est une performance accomplie. Fort de ce constat, le Ngondo a le caractère d’un festival où performances, musiques et danses rivalisent d’adresse avec des réminiscences mythiques et mystiques.
Afin de les démocratiser davantage et assurer leur exploitation optimale, nous avons pensé à la création des espaces culturels dans ces régions du Cameroun à partir du modèle que nous proposons dans ce travail. La multiplicité de ces espaces dans toutes les régions de notre pays et sur le continent africain et pourquoi pas dans le monde entier faciliterait le travail d’un collectif de chercheurs venus des quatre coins de la planète pour se réunir autour du concept de la « Négroscénologie », que chaque membre doit entériner et de promouvoir où qu’il soit.
Doctorat en Information et communication
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Animbom, Ngong Paul. "Towards the development of a therapeutic theatre in Cameroon: Investigating its practice and reception through a cross-case evaluation." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209340.
Full textLe cadre théorique convoqué à cet effet est la sémiologie théâtrale telle que vue et énoncée par André Helbo. Développée de la pragmatique, sa sémiologie théâtrale est basée sur l’émission et la réception d’un message dans le spectacle. À cet égard, il existe des fonctions réciproques d’acteurs et de spectateurs dans l’événement théâtral. Ceci signifie que la distinction entre la production et la réception est tout simplement considérée comme une « distinction pédagogique ».
Le langage du théâtre dans sa production et/ou sa réception fonctionne dans un contexte d’expérience sociale partagée. Dans cette perspective, Helbo parle de « codes de spectacle (conventions spécifiquement applicables au spectacle, au genre, à la période historique), de codes généraux (linguistiques, idéologiques/culturels, perceptuels), et de codes mixtes (codes généraux fonctionnant dans un contexte spécifique de spectacle) » .Néanmoins, dans la démarche sémiologique d’Helbo tout comme dans ce travail, le privilège est accordé au dépassement de la division précédemment mentionnée, pour aboutir à ce qu’il nomme « l’énonciation collective » et la « notion d’observateur actant ».
Ces concepts dépassent le modèle de la communication linéaire évoqués par Mounin, pour souligner que les participants dans un phénomène théâtral sont impliqués dans le processus de création collective ou de l’énonciation collective sous des normes culturelles spécifiques. Dans ce processus, l’observateur représente une fonction spécifique, l’une des conditions de l’existence de l’énoncé spectaculaire. La notion de l’observateur actant « raffine considérablement l’analyse de l’identification initiée par Brecht », notion qui a été incorporée ou prolongée dans le théâtre thérapeutique de la même manière que le processus de co-création. Ce qui est central dans l’application de la sémiologie théâtrale dans cette thèse, c’est le postulat selon lequel le destinataire d’aujourd’hui deviendra le destinateur de demain.
À la fin de cette étude, nous montrons (sans chercher une reproduction du modèle occidental), que le théâtre thérapeutique est pratiqué au Cameroun. L’utilisation des techniques théâtrales favorise le bien-être des participants et contribuent au changement à tous les niveaux de la vie. Cette approche est orientée vers la communauté et par conséquent constitue un paradigme thérapeutique à visé communautaire nommé « théâtre communautaire à visé thérapeutique ». Considéré comme tel, ce paradigme peut être utilisé concomitamment dans le cadre de la santé mentale et de la santé communautaire au Cameroun. Dans ce cas, il sert comme une modalité thérapeutique intégrée et établit un lien entre le spectacle vivant, la santé en générale et la santé mentale en particulier.
Therapeutic theatre is an improvisational method of performing arts that heightens participants' sensitivity to improve their ability to communicate feelings and thoughts verbally and by gestures. As a hybrid form, it functions in the same way as theatre for social change (TFSC) wherein theatre praxis is used to change participants or communities and promote wellbeing. TFSC is seen as an articulated intention to use theatre praxis in the service of change (social, mental, and emotional). Tradition has held these practices distinctly for the past decades. This thesis however, contends that despite these historic perceptions, there is a paradigm where these forms, previously viewed as distinctly different, come together in a spectacle that is therapeutic and applied to mental health in hospitals and community settings in Cameroon. This hypothetical case is examined under the general topic: ‘Towards the development of a therapeutic theatre in Cameroon: investigating its practice and reception through a cross-case evaluation.’ This thesis is based on the analysis of three TFSC/therapeutic theatre productions from the same practitioner: The Boomerang, Ndop and SOS Village Mbalmayo workshop productions respectively.
The research is inserted under theoretical considerations of theatre semiology and particularly, André Helbo's semiotic concepts. Developed from pragmatics, this method of theatre semiology focuses on the manner in which a message is sent and received. In this respect, there are reciprocal functions of actor and spectator in the theatrical event. From this, semiology is applied to understand the theatrical phenomenon in its entirety: production and reception. This implies, the division between production and reception is viewed as “a pedagogical distinction” only. Privilege in this thesis therefore is given to the surpassing of the aforementioned division to what he terms “enunciating collective” (co-creation process), and the “notion of the observer actant”.
These concepts go beyond the linear form of communication in theatre evoked by Mounin to highlight that the participants in a theatrical phenomenon are involved in a collective creation process or enunciating collective under specific cultural norms, and the observer represents a specific function, one of the conditions of existence of the performance utterance (l’énoncé spectaculaire). The notion of the observer actant in effect “refines considerably the analysis of identification initiated by Brecht” and which has been incorporated or prolonged in therapeutic theatre in the same way as the process of co-creation. Vital therefore to the application of theatre semiology in this work is the postulate that the theatrical phenomenon is an act of interaction wherein today’s receiver can be transformed into tomorrow’s sender.
At the end of this research, it is proven that without seeking a reproduction of a Western form, "therapeutic theatre" is practised in Cameroon. The utilisation of theatrical techniques fosters participants’ wellbeing and enhance change at all levels. It is community centred thereby constituting a community-based therapeutic paradigm which is named "community-based therapeutic theatre". Understood as such, this paradigm can be used concomitantly in cases of mental and community health in Cameroon. In this case, it serves as an integrated therapeutic modality and bridges the gap that exists in the health domain in general and mental health in particular.
Doctorat en Information et communication
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Djoupee, Bertille. "Description du ɓaka, une langue oubanguienne du Cameroun." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCF034/document.
Full textƁaka is an Ubangian language of the Niger-Congo language family. The grammatical description is based on a text corpus that was collected during fieldwork in the department of Haut Nyong in the East Province of Cameroon. The corpus consists of recordings (1h and 36 min) of spontaneous speech, which were annotated in Toolbox, Elan and Praat and then analyzed from a structuralist-functionalist perspective. The thesis is divided into three parts. Part 1 contains the introduction and the phonological analysis. Part 2 is dedicated to defining the word classes. As Ɓaka is a language with little morphology, the following 15 word classes were identified through syntactic criteria: verb, noun, relational noun, personal pronoun, pronoun, adjective, adverb, numeral, predicator, preposition, subordinator, coordinator, interjection, onomatopoeia and modal. For each of these defined word classes, a study of their forms and functions is presented. Part 3 deals with the syntax of Ɓaka, more precisely with the noun phrase, the verb phrase and non-verbal predication, which are the fundamental structuring units of this language. Non-verbal predication encompasses both the use of non-verbal predicators as well as constructions that contain no dedicated predicators and are based on two juxtaposed elements, whose characteristic features are analyzed in detail. Part 3 is also concerned with complex sentences. It examines coordinating and subordinating connectors as well as topicalization and focalization strategies, which reflect hierarchical relations in the sentence. The thesis concludes with a bibliography and an appendix containing three transcribed texts from the corpus
Lekoa, Aime. "La profession enseignante au Cameroun de la période post coloniale à nos jours dans le contexte social, politique et syndical : le processus de professionnalisation des enseignants camerounais." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20145.
Full textThe general States of the education held in Yaoundé in 1995, consequences of the teaching movements following the wage cuts of 1993, on labor-union pressure, allowed to make the diagnosis of the Cameroonian education system generally and the teaching profession in particular. If the conclusions of the assizes clock of numerous dysfunctions, they also indicate it recommendations. Of these numerous dysfunctions, we can speak about the global management of an education system traced on a centralized hyper model. Dysfunctions and limit which we also notice in terms of resources so human, that material and infrastructural. Qualitatively and quantitatively, the weaknesses and the limits of a heterogeneous teaching profession are not to be any more demonstrated. By their various statutes - state employees or contract employees, the mode of recruitment, practicing in the private or public education, it seems straightaway improbable to speak about teacher's job as a profession in the sense that understands it the sociology of the occupations. Thus involving the quantity and the quality of the teachers, it was noticed that in spite of the efforts of recruitment for landing in the abyssal deficit, it stayed a lot to be done to move closer to international standards. In spite of the enlargement of the map of school catchment areas by the creation and the opening sometimes in a inconsistent way of more public institutions, their subsidy in qualified teachers remains profoundly insufficient, any things which are an obstacle in the smooth running and the efficiency of the education system. This research allowed us to estimate the level of professionalization of a job which occupies a pivotal position in the training of the future citizens of a country. That is why the question of the training and the recruitment of the teachers is at the heart of this work. To do it, it is undeniable that the objectives of the Cameroonian education system can be reached only if the State revalues its level of requirement in the recruitment of his staff. Raise his level of training to have competent, motivated teachers and who feel socially considered. We seem paradoxical that as various teaching actors, labor unions, parents and institutions live for a better management of the education system, the crisis of confidence persists. A crisis of confidence stressed by the fact that the teachers would not feel enough socially considered. A fact which has for consequence the reduction in the quality of the teaching and on the rebound that of the level of the pupils. Indeed, the teachers blame public authorities for the lack of consideration, ways and their wage treatment with regard to other socio-professional groups of the public service. If a particular status of the staff of the Education was create since 2000, his application which stays an assault course makes difficult but progressive the process of professionalization of the Cameroonian teachers. The teaching professional body gradually established in twenty years. On one hand, many labor unions were born and stood out as main interlocutors of public authorities. By their actions labor unions want to weigh in the choices of the programs, the training and the recruitments. Thus remain to spread these requirements in the private education where the sector still escapes the control with an absence of collective agreement. On the other hand, by reforming teacher's training colleges, public authorities granted to revise the access mode in the profession. But the training to her alone will not be enough for professionalizing the job of teacher in Cameroon if the political will did not already agree to apply all which is registered in the above-mentioned decree
McLemore, Donald Rodney Jr. "Layered Sensing Using Master-Slave Cameras." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1253565440.
Full textMimesse, Me Fame Marie. "L’élection présidentielle comme levier de pérennisation dans le système élitaire au Cameroun de 1992 à 2011." Thesis, Lille 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL20025.
Full textOur work aims at studying how the thermidorian-type elite integrations witnessed in Cameroon from 1992 to 2011 are set up and evolve, based on transactions linked to the candidacy for presidential elections. In december 1990, after 4 decades of one-party presidential system, opposition forces emerged thanks to the liberalisation of political life in december 1990, with the aim of toppling the powers that be, through a revolutionary move. After two decades of pluralism, some members of the opposition who have not succeeded to replace the people in power are integrated into public bodies of the regime, thus causing a thermidorian revolution. We are reviewing the various elements (system andsituational) facilitating elite integration at the end of an authoritarian period and which foster the integration of former revolutionaries into the centre of power. The following conditions are reviewed, including: a centralised elite structure which hinders the setting up of a polycentre for an independent opposition, a decentralised elite recruitment, mesocratism as a practice in the political field. Situational elements which promote the integration of post-authoritarian elite and that we are analysing are the following :emerging elite possess the characteristics of the new order of political game (democraticreferences), elite in the central power lack of this new characteristics, intermediary elite are able to mount pressure on the central power to change the political agenda, and lastly, the elite in power can use institutional levers at their disposal to bring the various existing factions together
Mpegna, Belmond Nicaise. "Les relations culturelles franco-camerounaises de 1960 a 2000." Thesis, Paris 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA030073.
Full textCameroon reaches the independence on January 1st, 1960. On November 13th, 1960, France and Cameroon signed a series of agreements of cooperation which covered diverse domains so civil as military. By observing this series of agreements of cooperation, we realize that the cultural part occupies ¾ some French-Cameroonian cooperation since 1960. This subject does not deal with the French-Cameroonian cooperation generally, but the cultural parts, contained in the French-Cameroonian cultural agreement [convention], which is the legal base of these relations. The French-Cameroonian cultural relations evolved uneven; sometimes dense and warm [decade 60 and 90], sometimes cold and tense [70-80]. This explains by the stakes which surround these cultural relations. For France, the culture remains the fundamental instrument of its foreign policy. The objectives are the diffusion of the French cultural influence by: the French language, through the classic instruments that are the French cultural centers and the French-Cameroonian alliances. The French broadcastin [audivisual] presence in the world through media such as TV5, RFI and CFI. During the cold war, the main objective was to avoid that fall certain africans states squared under the influence of the one or the other block.. In Cameroonian side, the French cultural influence was always seen by a suspicious glance. Tolerated under Ahidjo for needs of internal safety [security], he distances oneself since the unity and the stability of Cameroon was insured in 1972. Under Biya, after debuts rather cold in the decade 80, the French-Cameroonian cultural relations know since the 90s their peak. This is due to the end of the cold war, on the return of Cameroon in the French-speaking community in 1991, the economic crisis, in the general States of the culture and the Education and especially in American pressures for democratic questions in Cameroon. The French-Cameroonian cultural relations touch diverse sectors as the technical support, the higher education, the education, the cultural activities. Cameroon is a part of the Zone of priority solidarity [ ZSP] and benefits from preferential character in the outside cultural policy of France. But these cultural relations have perverse effects in Cameroon, in term of acculturation, in spite of the role played by the general states of the culture and the education. Finally, in spite of some positive points as the linguistic unity which played a role in the national integration in Cameroon, Cameroonians judge badly the intense French culturals activities in Cameroon
Cameron, Jeffrey Carlyle. "Characterization of the Arabidopsis compact inflorescence 3 (cif3) mutant and identification of the cif3 gene product as a chloroplast localized putative ATPase." Thesis, Montana State University, 2005. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2005/cameron/CameronJ0505.pdf.
Full textCameron, Robin A. "Homework that helps: identifying aspects of meaningful biology homework assignments." Montana State University, 2012. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2012/cameron/CameronR0812.pdf.
Full textDia, André. "Information-pouvoir et politique au Cameroun : de la période précoloniale à la deuxième décennie post indépendance." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON30058.
Full textThe subject deals with the contribution that intelligence made to decision making by the political powers from the precolonial period to the postcolonial period. The chronology has lead us to examine the intelligence service, its infrastucture and its staff during the precolonial period, followed by intelligence during the colonial period, from conquest to the setting up of the French administration. Following independence, intelligence services continued to exist by restructuring themselves, while at the same time maintaining links with the old colonial powers. This long term study has revealed a broad continuity in time and the dynamics of adaptation between the different periods. The traditional informants continued to supply local and colonial powers as well as postcolonial powers. (In a way they constituted the firemen of the “furnace of information”). More than a departure, this study brings to light the very broad continuity between the past and the present