Academic literature on the topic 'Camp sites facilities'
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Journal articles on the topic "Camp sites facilities"
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Grote, Ulrike, Benjamin Schleenvoigt, Christine Happle, Christian Dopfer, Martin Wetzke, Gerrit Ahrenstorf, Hanna Holst, et al. "Norovirus outbreaks in german refugee camps in 2015." Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie 55, no. 10 (October 2017): 997–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-109701.
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Abstract Purpose Refugees often live in confined housing conditions with shared kitchen and sanitary facilities, rendering susceptible to communicable diseases. We here describe the outbreak, spread and self-limiting nature of a norovirus outbreak in a German refugee camp in the winter of 2015. Methods During a norovirus outbreak, data on clinical symptoms, nationality and living conditions was obtained in a refugee camp in northern Germany in the winter of 2015. Furthermore secondary data on norovirus outbreaks in 2015 was assessed. Results Amongst n = 982 refugees, n = 36 patients (3.7 %) presented with acute norovirus gastroenteritis. The vast majority of cases were children, only the first patient was admitted to the hospital. Intensified hygiene measures were implemented on day 2 of the outbreak, but new cases peaked on day 21 and occurred until one month after the first case. Different cultural backgrounds, eating habits and hygiene standards amongst the refugees made it particularly challenging to implement stringent isolation and hygiene measures. Despite these predisposing factors, only minor norovirus outbreaks were reported in refugee camps in 2015. Conclusion Adults refugees had a low attack rate of symptomatic norovirus infection, while small children are at high risk. Infection spreads despite hygiene measures and camp sites and staff should be prepared for the particular challenges of such situations with a particular focus on cultural-background specific implementation of hygiene measures.
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Bitterman, Noemi, and Yoni Zimmer. "Portable Health Care Facilities in Disaster and Rescue Zones: Characteristics and Future Suggestions." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 33, no. 4 (July 13, 2018): 411–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x18000560.
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AbstractIntroductionNatural and man-made disasters are becoming global concerns. Natural disasters appear to be growing in number and intensity due to global warming, population explosion, increased travel, and overcrowding of cities. In addition, man-made disasters do not seem to be diminishing.At disaster sites, an immediate response is needed. National and international organizations; nongovernmental, military, and commercial organizations; and even private donors enlist to provide humanitarian and medical support and to send supplies, shelters, and temporary health care facilities to disaster zones.ProblemThe literature is sparse regarding the design of portable health care facilities intended for disaster zones and their adaptability to the tasks required and site areas.MethodsData were collected from peer-reviewed literature, scientific reports, magazines, and websites regarding health care facilities at rescue and salvage situations. Information was grouped according to categories of structure and properties, and relative strengths and weaknesses. Next, suggestions were made for future directions.ResultsPermanent structures and temporary constructed facilities were the two primary categories of health care facilities functioning at disaster zones. Permanent hospitals were independent functioning medical units that were moved or transported to and from disaster zones as complete units, as needed. These facilities included floating hospitals, flying (airborne) hospitals, or terrestrial mobile facilities. Thus, these hospitals self-powered and contained mobility aids within their structure using water, air, or land as transporting media.Temporary health care facilities were transported to disaster zones as separate, nonfunctioning elements that were constructed or assembled on site and were subsequently taken apart. These facilities included the classical soft-type tents and solid containers that were organized later as hospitals in camp configurations. The strengths and weaknesses of the diverse hospital options are discussed.ConclusionsFuture directions include the use of innovative materials, advanced working methods, and integrated transportation systems. In addition, a holistic approach should be developed to improve the performance, accessibility, time required to function, sustainability, flexibility, and modularity of portable health care facilities.Bitterman N, Zimmer Y. Portable health care facilities in disaster and rescue zones: characteristics and future suggestions. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2018;33(4):411–417
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Dupuy, Danielle, Louise Miller, Christine B. Weldon, Jennifer M. Orsi, Terry Macarol, Anne Marie Murphy, and Julia R. Trosman. "Breast imaging boot camp: A mammography quality improvement initiative." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 34_suppl (December 1, 2012): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.34_suppl.138.
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138 Background: In mammography, compression, and positioning are key quality factors. ACR standards suggest that compression should ensure that a breast is taut (drawn tight with no slack). In environmental scans, semi-structured interviews with cross discipline providers from Chicago mammography facilities, we found wide variation in radiology technologist’s understanding of standard compression and views. Optimal compression was reported from 12-45 lbs and some sites reported that four views are taken regardless of breast size. This discovery led to a mammography technologist training program as a quality improvement intervention. Methods: The Chicago Breast Cancer Quality Consortium contracted with Louise Miller, AART, CRT, and RTRM to lead a Breast Imaging Boot Camp and partnered with 4 hospitals to carry out the training. There were three components of the boot camp: a 1-day seminar for all mammography technologists, 1 day of hands on training for a limited number of techs and a train the trainer component where selected techs went through a 3-day intensive program with the goal of preparing them to provide ongoing education to the Chicago mam-tech community. A preliminary tool was developed and used randomly by radiologists during the training to examine the amount of tissue in the image from one year to the next, the presence or absence of an Inter-mammary fold and cleavage. Results: More than 120 radiology technologists attended a day-long seminar, 10 received hands on training, 4 of the 10 were trained to be future trainers. Participants rated their overall impression of the day-long seminar between 4 and 5 on a 5-point scale. During the hands-on training, radiologists assessing the images commented on significant improvements in image quality from the previous year’s mammogram. A quantitative evaluation process has been developed to examine the efficacy of the training and measure impact on mammography quality. This evaluation involves a 3 month and 1-year assessment that will take place in September of 2012 and again in May of 2013. Results of first evaluation will be available for presentation. Conclusions: Results from the evaluation will help review effectiveness of technologists post-training techniques and identify areas to improve.
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Henriksen, N. "Completion of field work for the 1:500 000 mapping and regional geological studies in central and western North Greenland." Rapport Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse 130 (December 31, 1986): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/rapggu.v130.7935.
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Field activities comprising the second, and final season of the systematic field mapping programme in central and western North Greenland were carried out from June to August 1985. The field investigations were concluded for the 1:500000 map sheet of the area between J. P. Koch Fjord (c. 400 W), in the east, and north-easternmost Washington Land (65°W) in the west; the southern boundary of the map sheet is 81°N (fig. 1). General geological investigations forrned an integral part of the mapping programme. A special source rock project, financed by the Danish Ministry of Energy, was fully integrated with the mapping programme (Christiansen et al., this report). As in 1984 a tent base camp in south-eastern Warming Land served as an operation centre for the expedition. Two chartered Jet Ranger helicopters and a Twin Otter aircraft were based here, and served the expedition groups with transport facilities throughout the season. Mobilisation and demobilisation of the expedition from Denmark were carried out with help from the Royal Danish Air Force, who airlifted the expedition to and from the Canadian Forces Station (CFS) Alert in north-east Ellesmere Island, Canada. Personnel, equipment and fuel were flown into the base camp from Alert with the Twin Otter. The expedition group numbered 40, comprising 12 two-man geological parties, a fourman drilling team and 12 supporting personnel, including aircraft crew members. As in 1984, the operation area extended about 500 km from east to west, and 150-200 km from south to north. The 12 geological teams and the drilling team utilised about 130 camp sites. At the end of the 1985 season, the temporary huts and tents at base camp were dismantled and, together with all the equipment, were taken back to Denmark. Fuel depots and equipment in other parts of the working area, which is part of the North and East Greenland National Park, were also removed.
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Кунцевич, Евгения, Evgeniya Kuntsevich, Валентин Морозов, and Valentin Morozov. "On the formation of caravan tours within the framework of adaptive tourism." Services in Russia and abroad 10, no. 1 (May 16, 2016): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/19176.
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The article discusses the relevance of the development of tourism for people with
disabilities and highlights the issue of potential and relevance of the organization of the caravan
tours as part of adaptive tourism in Russia. The authors point out the positive results of the
development of the tourist destination, and also list the main shortcomings and constraining
factors of realization caravanning in the country. The authors have conducted "pilot" survey
among tourists with special needs and summed it up. The research results demonstrate
perceptivity of development of caravan tours for people with disabilities. But it is a great work
must be done to this kind of trailering became popular. First of all it is necessary to adapt the infrastructure of tourist sites for specific requirements of customer with disabilities (lifts,
handrails, ramps, wide doorways, special sanitary zones for wheelchair users, adapted furniture,
etc.), special attention should be paid to camp organization parking (specialized sanitary
facilities, recreational facilities, catering places, etc.). Development of a socially oriented tourist
destination, where the client could be provided with the convenience and security, as well as the
considerate treatment of staff (hospitality workers, medical and social services and transport
services) during the entire trip, is very important for the organization of tours for people with
special needs.
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Nesbitt, Robin C., Vincent Kinya Asilaza, Etienne Gignoux, Aybüke Koyuncu, Priscillah Gitahi, Patrick Nkemenang, Jetske Duncker, et al. "Vaccination coverage and adverse events following a reactive vaccination campaign against hepatitis E in Bentiu displaced persons camp, South Sudan." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 18, no. 1 (January 22, 2024): e0011661. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0011661.
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Introduction Hepatitis E (HEV) genotypes 1 and 2 are the common cause of jaundice and acute viral hepatitis that can cause large-scale outbreaks. HEV infection is associated with adverse fetal outcomes and case fatality risks up to 31% among pregnant women. An efficacious three-dose recombinant vaccine (Hecolin) has been licensed in China since 2011 but until 2022, had not been used for outbreak response despite a 2015 WHO recommendation. The first ever mass vaccination campaign against hepatitis E in response to an outbreak was implemented in 2022 in Bentiu internally displaced persons camp in South Sudan targeting 27,000 residents 16–40 years old, including pregnant women. Methods We conducted a vaccination coverage survey using simple random sampling from a sampling frame of all camp shelters following the third round of vaccination. For survey participants vaccinated in the third round in October, we asked about the onset of symptoms experienced within 72 hours of vaccination. During each of the three vaccination rounds, passive surveillance of adverse events following immunisation (AEFI) was put in place at vaccination sites and health facilities in Bentiu IDP camp. Results We surveyed 1,599 individuals and found that self-reported coverage with one or more dose was 86% (95% CI 84–88%), 73% (95% CI 70–75%) with two or more doses and 58% (95% CI 55–61%) with three doses. Vaccination coverage did not differ significantly by sex or age group. We found no significant difference in coverage of at least one dose between pregnant and non-pregnant women, although coverage of at least two and three doses was 8 and 14 percentage points lower in pregnant women. The most common reasons for non-vaccination were temporary absence or unavailability, reported by 60% of unvaccinated people. Passive AEFI surveillance captured few mild AEFI, and through the survey we found that 91 (7.6%) of the 1,195 individuals reporting to have been vaccinated in October 2022 reported new symptoms starting within 72 hours after vaccination, most commonly fever, headache or fatigue. Conclusions We found a high coverage of at least one dose of the Hecolin vaccine following three rounds of vaccination, and no severe AEFI. The vaccine was well accepted and well tolerated in the Bentiu IDP camp community and should be considered for use in future outbreak response.
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Dragoman, Radu-Alexandru, Sorin Oanţă-Marghitu, Cătălin I. Nicolae, and Mihai-Ştefan Florea. "Cercetări arheologice în fosta colonie de muncă forţată din perioada comunistă de la Peninsula, canalul Dunăre – Marea Neagră / Archaeological excavations in the former communist forced-labour camp from Peninsula, the Danube – Black Sea canal." Materiale şi cercetãri arheologice (Serie nouã) 19, no. 1 (2023): 217–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/mcarh.2023.2309.
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Despite the fact that Peninsula occupies an important place in the memorial literature and historical works regarding the political repression in communist Romania, the materiality of this forced labour colony on the trail of the Danube ‒ Black Sea Canal has been neglected both by archaeological research and by the institutions responsible for memory and heritage protection policies. In order to redress this situation, in the fall of 2020, the first archaeological surveys were carried out at Peninsula, with the following objectives : to draw a general plan of the site ; to make a repertory and detailed description of constructions and facilities (buildings, cement platforms, water tanks, concrete structures) ; to identify those structures which, by their construction elements, can be dated in the 1950s ; to identify, map and document the material traces associated with the working sites of the former forced labour colony ; to document the cemeteries where, according to testimonies, political prisoners from Peninsula were buried. The present archaeological analysis goes beyond the legal distinctions (“ political prisoners”, “ common law prisoners”) and historical chronologies with which the dominant narratives regarding the communist period operate (“ first Canal”, “ second Canal” ; communism, post‑communism) and reveals another kind of memory – of the marginal, of the anonymous and abandoned, of those forgotten, at a given moment, by history. From this perspective, the ruins at Peninsula are relevant not only for understanding communist repression, but also for understanding the mechanisms of social marginalization which are perpetuated to this day.
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Reher, Charles. "The 1998 University of Wyoming/Grand Teton National Park Cooperative Archaeology Program." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 24 (January 1, 2000): 72–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.2000.3423.
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As of this writing we have completed the third year of a cooperative UW/GTNP archaeological project, with 1998 being the first season. The primary purpose here is to provide a brief overview of some of the accomplishments of that first field season. This basic "UW/NPS Research Center Annual Report" format then will have two more installments for 1999 and 2000. More attention is given in this first report to background such as the history of archaeological research in Grand Teton National Park, while subsequent reports will emphasize other types of information. No attempt is made here to provide detailed discussions of field methods, project environmental settings, or individual sites, features, and artifacts. Such description would be standard in some archaeological reporting formats, but much more detailed discussions, and more synthesis of regional prehistory, is being assembled in a series of project specific compliance reports, conference papers, seminar papers, a graduate student thesis, and journal articles. The possibility of a cooperative University of Wyoming/Grand Teton National Park venture was first proposed by Robert Schiller, Director of the Science and Resource Management Division at Grand Teton. It was apparent that a series of mutual benefits could result, where University archaeologists would aid the Park with its increasing number of federally-mandated compliance projects while at the same time providing student training and employment opportunities. In addition, nearly 400 sites had been located in Grand Teton National Park and the adjacent Rockefeller Parkway at that time, but very little current information was available for many of them and modem reÂevaluations were needed. At the same time, these various "applied research" compliance surveys and site revisit projects could contribute to broader theoretical frameworks relevant to our research throughout the region. The investigation of prehistoric settlement patterns and other aspects of landscape utilization is enhanced even by basic surface evidence, for example. The 1998 UW/GTNP CAP crew included the writer, UW Anthropology graduate students Alan Bartholomew and Mike Peterson, and volunteer archaeologist Jill Anderson. All work in Grand Teton has been coordinated with Park Historian Mike Johnson and USFS/GTNP Archaeologist Merry Haydon. Dave Hammond with the GTNP GPS unit and several other individuals aided with our projects. Yellowstone National Park Archaeologist Ann Johnson provided needed advice and materials on several occasions. All of our work was only possible because of the availability of the AMK Science Camp facilities, and the hospitality provided there by Hank and Mary Ann Harlow and their staff.
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Dalgarn, Melinda K. "The Role of the Campus Recreation Center in Creating a Community." Recreational Sports Journal 25, no. 1 (May 2001): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/nirsa.25.1.66.
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The Student Recreation Center provides a state-of-the-art facility and a comprehensive recreation program for students, faculty, staff, alumni, and spouses. It aids in the education and development of the whole person and serves as a place of employment for students. More than just a place to exercise, the recreation center also serves as a venue for education: users develop positive self-esteem, enhance their social relationships, and improve their interpersonal skills. The recreation center provides a unique site for programs and activities aimed at meeting the needs, interests, and expectations of a diverse community. Opportunities for interaction, collaboration, and unification are essential if campuses are to develop a sense of community. Reports from the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching and the Wingspread Group on Higher Education serve to challenge university administrators in their struggle to create a sense of community. In as much as campus recreation centers have the capacity to engage members of the campus community in exciting, creative, and unique experiences they can provide the means to attract diverse populations. Often open 16–18 hours each day, there is no other single facility on a college campus that can provide as many varied activities with such wide appeal. Conventional programs such as intramurals, sport clubs and aerobics programs serve individuals in a variety of sports and recreational activities from basketball to scuba diving. Wellness programs offer health and educational services and outdoors recreation programs provide opportunities to develop skills for life-long enjoyment. Student recreation centers can serve as sites for day camp programs for children. Community members at large receive passes at nominal fees when student enrollment declines during the summer months. Recreation centers provide opportunities for students to interact with one another, as well as other sectors of the community. Research shows that this aids in both recruitment and retention. University administrators must continue their efforts to foster student learning and personal development. Student recreation centers can contribute significantly to that end by providing the facilities, programs, services and personnel to help meet those challenges.
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Guo, Cong, and Huan-Xiang Zhou. "Unidirectional allostery in the regulatory subunit RIα facilitates efficient deactivation of protein kinase A." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 44 (October 17, 2016): E6776—E6785. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1610142113.
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The holoenzyme complex of protein kinase A is in an inactive state; activation involves ordered cAMP binding to two tandem domains of the regulatory subunit and release of the catalytic subunit. Deactivation has been less studied, during which the two cAMPs unbind from the regulatory subunit to allow association of the catalytic subunit to reform the holoenzyme complex. Unbinding of the cAMPs appears ordered as indicated by a large difference in unbinding rates from the two sites, but the cause has remained elusive given the structural similarity of the two tandem domains. Even more intriguingly, NMR data show that allosteric communication between the two domains is unidirectional. Here, we present a mechanism for the unidirectionality, developed from extensive molecular dynamics simulations of the tandem domains in different cAMP-bound forms. Disparate responses to cAMP releases from the two sites (A and B) in conformational flexibility and chemical shift perturbation confirmed unidirectional allosteric communication. Community analysis revealed that the A-site cAMP, by forming across-domain interactions, bridges an essential pathway for interdomain communication. The pathway is impaired when this cAMP is removed but remains intact when only the B-site cAMP is removed. Specifically, removal of the A-site cAMP leads to the separation of the two domains, creating room for binding the catalytic subunit. Moreover, the A-site cAMP, by maintaining interdomain coupling, retards the unbinding of the B-site cAMP and stalls an unproductive pathway of cAMP release. Our work expands the perspective on allostery and implicates functional importance for the directionality of allostery.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Camp sites facilities"
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Tsang, Hang-lun. "Landscape proposals for Wu Kai Sha Youth Camp redevelopment scheme." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25951063.
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Tsang, Hang-lun, and 增杏倫. "Landscape proposals for Wu Kai Sha Youth Camp redevelopment scheme." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31980594.
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Williams, Peter B. "Backcountry campsite conditions assessed for limits of acceptable change planning in Shenandoah National Park." Thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06162009-063515/.
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Smith, Amanda Jessica. "Campsite impact monitoring in the temperate eucalypt forests of Western Australia : an integrated approach /." Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 2003. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20040504.151201.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Murdoch University, 2003.Thesis submitted to the Division of Science and Engineering. "Supported by CRC for Sustainable Tourism and Dept of Conservation and Land Management (Western Australia)". Bibliography: leaves 334-355.
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Van, Hyfte Melissa A. O'Neill Martin Anthony. "Defining visitor satisfaction in the context of camping oriented nature-based tourism within Alabama state parks." Auburn, Ala, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1910.
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Spann, Jason Hans. "Hoosier National Forest Hardin Ridge Recreation Area redesign : a visitor experience oriented approach to the design and management of the Hardin Ridge recreation area." Virtual Press, 1996. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1020169.
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This creative project examined design and management alternatives for the Hardin Ridge Recreation Area located in the Hoosier National Forest. The design intent of the project was to develop Hardin Ridge into a wildland recreation facility which offered visitors a variety of experiential opportunity and choice, and provided experiences which could effectively accommodate a demographically diversified population. This project would also provide environmental educational opportunities and attempt to retain the integrity of the sites natural systems. An examination of the importance and benefits of outdoor recreation, National Forest Service recreational planning, outdoor recreation demographic diversity and outdoor recreation design issues was conducted in formulating the projects design criteria and theory. This design criteria and theory was then utilized to create the design concepts directly applicable to the Hardin Ridge project site and develop a design ideology applicable to most U.S. wilderness recreation areas. The final product of the study was a design and management plan which effectively addressed the design objectives at Hardin Ridge and created a design model capable of meeting similar design objectives at the national level.Department of Landscape Architecture
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Wagner, Matthew W. "Implementing a campsite impact monitoring system for a high-use recreation planning area Philmont Scout Ranch, Cimarron, New Mexico /." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1950188871&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Snyders, Heinrich Werner. "A survival strategy for an existing municipal caravan park in Gordon's Bay, Cape Town." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/607.
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Camping and caravanning is practiced by a segment of the population in South Africa. Various articles in the caravan and outdoor life magazine published in South Africa have indicated that municipal caravan parks are not providing the same facilities and service as was provided in the past .With this background the hypothesis was established as being, the facilities at municipal caravan parks such as Hendon Park are deteriorating due to lack of government commitment and funds. The objectives of this research was determined as being whether (1) it is economically viable for the municipality to continue to utilise the existing land as a caravan park or, (2) it is more beneficial to the taxpayer for the municipality to sell the prime land to a developer or, (3) it is in the best interest of the municipality and /or the community to sell the property to a private company for upgrading the facilities to meet campers requirements The scope of the investigation was determined and includes questionnaires to campers, as well as interview’s with various stakeholders. The researcher also considered various management strategies suggested by strategist David, Fry, Lambert and Stock and Massey that could be used by Hendon Park management to enhance the operation of the Caravan Park under their control and thus a suggested management strategy was compiled. A specific window period to gather the information was decided as being the Easter Holiday period as this was the period that all caravan parks in Cape Town are at full capacity and thus this was the best opportunity to gather the information as the target (campers) would be camping in great numbers. Finally the results was analysed and a conclusion was drawn. Specific recommendations were then proposed by the researcher to be implemented by the staff of Hendon caravan park.
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Grandfield, Daniel. "Park and recreation : a study of camping opportunities at Prairie Creek Reservoir Muncie, Indiana." Virtual Press, 1989. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/722753.
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During this creative project rationale, developed from scientific fact, community needs and the values inherent to the student was utilized as the foundation for decisions associated with the development of a campground facility for Prairie Creek Reservoir. Comprehensive and site specific problem-solving methods were used to form a broad overview of the park and recreation planning and design procedures available to landscape architects.At the comprehensive scale, a survey was conducted to assess the community need for the camping experience. An inventory of existing camping opportunities available to the residents of Delaware County was used, in conjunction with the survey results and recreation standards, in a supply/demand equation to determine the number and the type of camping facilities needed to meet present and future demand for the camping experience. The concept of camping at Prairie Creek Reservoir Park was viewed in this light.Site scale investigations began with the establishment of user and resource criteria. Natural, cultural and economic data were collected from the landscape contained within, and immediately surrounding, the property leased by the Muncie Park Board at the Prairie Creek Reservoir site. This information was analyzed in accordance with the design criteria to produce a series of computer generated maps. The student identified alternative campground sites within the site with the help of these visual aids. The campground site, best meeting the user needs and resource capabilities, was selected and a series of development proposals for the campground facility was prepared.Department of Landscape Architecture
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Kim, Sang-oh. "Effects of information on users' normative standards, perceived conflict, and depreciative behavior at campgrounds of Chiri-Mountain National Park, Korea /." 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/10318.
Full textBooks on the topic "Camp sites facilities"
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Washington (State). Dept. of Natural Resources. Division of Engineering. Media Production., Washington (State). Dept. of Natural Resources. Resource Mapping Section., and Washington (State). Land Leasing and Recreation Division., eds. Guide to camp & picnic sites. Olympia, WA (1065 S. Capitol Way, Mail Stop AW-11, Olympia 98504): Dept. of Natural Resources, Photo and Map Sales, 1988.
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Illinois. Dept. of Conservation. Camp site reservation system. Springfield, Ill: Illinois Dept. of Conservation, 1985.
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Association, American Camping, ed. Facilities for conferences, retreats, and outdoor education: A directory of sites approved by the American Camping Association. Martinsville, Ind: The Association, 1985.
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Company, Rand McNally and, ed. Camp for under $10 a day. Chicago: Rand McNally, 1987.
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Brownstown Ranger District (Ind.), ed. Hickory Ridge Horse Camp and Trail. [Brownstown, IN]: Forest Service, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Brownstown Ranger District, 1993.
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United States. Forest Service. Southern Region, ed. Sherando Lake recreation area. Buena Vista, VA (2424 Magnolia Ave., Buena Vista 24416): Pedlar Ranger District, George Washington National Forest, Forest Service, Southern Region, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1995.
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United States. National Park Service, ed. Prince William Forest Park, Prince William Forest Park, Virginia. [Washington, D.C.?]: National Park Service, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, 1994.
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United States. Dept. of the Interior, ed. Timber Creek Campground regulations. [Denver, Colo.?]: National Park Service, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, 1997.
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Francesco, Frangialli, Reignier Elisabeth, and France. Direction de l'industrie touristique., eds. L' Hôtellerie de plein air en France en 1985, 1986 et 1987: Bureau des affaires réglementaires. Paris: Documentation française, 1988.
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Madison, James E. Kulshan cabin area: Use and environmental impact study. Bellingham, Wash: Huxley College of Environmental Studies, Western Washington University, 1986.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Camp sites facilities"
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Bande, Lindita, Asma Mohamed Abdulla Alblooshi, Alyazeia Tahanoon Mohammed Alnehayan, Fatmah Saeed Rashed Alsereidi, Salma Salem Haidar, Ariel Gomez, Mohammed Albattah, and Kim Young. "Graduation Project as an Application of COVID-19 Impact on Students’ Experience—Case Study Medical Center Al Ain, UAE." In Future Trends in Education Post COVID-19, 163–72. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1927-7_13.
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AbstractThe pandemic had a significant impact on the medical environment. With a surge of patients and limited facilities, managing the patients was challenging. This pandemic taught us how to redesign medical facilities in our cities for future events of such magnitude. In the academic environment, especially in the architectural engineering field, designing facilities that can operate as per the needs of the population is crucial. Based on the students’ individual experiences during the challenging time of COVID-19, Medical Center as a graduation project came to life. There are several Medical Center facilities in the UAE. Unfortunately, some of those facilities cannot provide enough treatment spaces, basic needs, and facilities that they would need. The project discussed in this report is COVID Ready Medical Facilities Construction Design and Management. The methodology follows the below main points: Define the project's objectives: This project's purpose is to provide medical facilities in UAE and build temporary Center that can be assembled on site and dismantled when required. The building must be assembled, dismantled, and removed easily and as fast as possible. Define the main points of sustainability and innovation: Innovative building technologies methods are intended to be used, as well as renewable sources of energy are applied. The building should be able to respond to various public health issues and future challenges. Based on the pandemic experience and the standards: Some suggested services are discussed as well to provide private, mediative, and natural light for patients and workers that intend to spend their time in the medical facility. Define construction systems for a sustainable building: Appropriate construction methods Analysis, risk management, and estimations for cost studies will be applied. Lessons learned and future applications in graduate project. The aim of this research is to show how the pandemic situation and the personal experience of students can have an impact on designing a Medical Center that can be moved and assembled in any site as required, also that can be dismantled later leaving the same condition of the site before assembly, the construction method should be easy and fast as the pandemic can occur at any time. The lessons learned and applied are an example of how experience can improve the academic environment.
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Cavener, Douglas R., and Beth A. Cavener. "Translation Start Sites and mRNA Leaders." In An Atlas of Drosophila Genes, 359–77. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195071160.003.0036.
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Abstract A prototypical eukaryotic mRNA is often described as having a short (less than 100 nt) 5’ untranslated leader sequence upstream of start codon containing a good consensus sequence (Lewin 1990). Translation initiation from such a mRNA follows the scanning model whereby: (1) a complex of proteins including the cap-binding protein (eIF-4E) associates with the 5’ cap of the mRNA; (2) this complex in turn facilitates binding of the preinitiation complex (40S ribosomal subunits + eIF-2-GTP-tRNAmet); (3) the preinitiation complex scans the mRNA searching for the start codon (the first AUG encountered in the prototypical mRNA); (4) the large ribosomal subunit (60S) joins the 40S subunit beginning translation (Kozak 1989).
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Park, Yoosun. "Incarceration." In Facilitating Injustice, 119–67. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199765058.003.0004.
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Hastily built on existing sites such as race tracks and fair grounds, the temporary Wartime Civil Control Administration (WCCA) detention camps in which the Nikkei were first incarcerated were unfit for human habitation. Given the economic devastation wreaked by the removal, the need for financial and other types of aid soon became obvious, but no system of aid had been established at the centers. The more permanent War Relocation Authority camps to which the Nikkei were then transferred were no better in facilities or services. Social work departments in camps were ill-planned, underfunded, poorly staffed, and inconsistently administered. Recruiting trained social workers to staff the remote and inclement camps was a constant problem. The complicated and conflicted role of the Nikkei workers who comprised the bulk of the social work staff should be understood in the context of the generally fraught dynamic that existed between the Nikkei inmates and the Caucasian staff.
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Wilson, Douglas C., Kenneth M. Ames, and Cameron M. Smith. "Contextualizing the Chinook at Contact." In Frontiers of Colonialism. University Press of Florida, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813054346.003.0005.
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Employing an indigenous-centered perspective, this chapter explores the impact of material objects recovered from houses, hearths, and camp facilities received by the Chinook (at the mouth of the Columbia River in the Pacific Northwest of North America) as gifts, purchased, used, modified, repaired and discarded. These materials come from the Middle Village (qí’qayaqilxam) component of the Station Camp/McGowan site (45PC106), a traditional summer village occupied recurrently by hunter-gatherer-fishers during the early fur-trade period (ca. A.D. 1788-1825). The manner in which new forms of capital, like glass trade beads, muskets, European and Chinese ceramics, copper and iron goods, and glass bottles, were integrated into Chinook economic and political systems is important in the study of colonialism and culture contact. Combined with ethnographic and ethnohistorical data, their use is contextualized within dramatic social and demographic changes in Chinook culture as it intersected with British and American commercial trade.
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Bolton, Charles C. "Military Mobilization and Black Troops." In Home Front Battles, 125–48. Oxford University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197655610.003.0006.
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Abstract This chapter explores how the military’s nondiscrimination directive in the Selective Training and Service Act of 1940 led to conflicts in the Deep South. Despite the nondiscrimination order, discrimination against Blacks in both selection and training proved routine. The US Army also preserved the system of racial segregation, although on its bases, it did not always enforce racial segregation or enforced it less arduously than White Southerners desired. Off-base, however, the military made little effort to enforce the principle of nondiscrimination, and communities in the areas near military facilities became the site of racial conflict. Overall, the training of Black and White troops at the same army camps unleashed a battle over the racial segregation the military had refused to abandon, yet officially pledged to replicate in a “fairer” manner.
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Perring, Dominic. "Bread and circuses (c. AD 70–80)." In London in the Roman World, 117–31. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789000.003.0010.
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Roman London was enlarged and enhanced in the years immediately following Vespasian’s accession in ways that corresponded with the known ideological goals of the new Flavian regime. As a consequence the city came to be characterized by an imperial architecture of ‘bread and circuses’. This involved the construction of a new amphitheatre for the conduct of games associated with the imperial cult and as the likely site of public executions. Watermills drawing on the latest engineering technology were installed to allow the large-scale preparation of flour to supply local bakeries. Early Flavian investment also involved the creation of new administrative facilities, perhaps including a mansio in Southwark, and new urban districts allowing military and veteran settlement. Cycles of subsequent investment hint at a correlation between building programmes in London and preparations for new campaigns of advance launched on the arrival of new provincial governors.
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"Paddlefish: Ecological, Aquacultural, and Regulatory Challenges of Managing a Global Resource." In Paddlefish: Ecological, Aquacultural, and Regulatory Challenges of Managing a Global Resource, edited by Hong Ji and Yang Li. American Fisheries Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874530.ch11.
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<i>Abstract</i>.—The North American Paddlefish <i>Polyodon spathula</i> was first introduced into China from the United States in 1988, with the importation of 3,000 larvae. From this and subsequent introductions, successful spawning of broodstock raised in China was first achieved in Hubei Province in 2001. As of 2018, this nonnative Paddlefish is cultured in more than 10 provinces, including Hubei, Sichuan, and the southern area of Shaanxi, all throughout the Yangtze River basin, and Guangdong, in the Zhujiang River basin. Four large Paddlefish hatcheries with other, smaller, newly-established facilities produce about 10 million fingerlings per year. With feeding habits of Paddlefish being similar to those of Bighead Carp <i>Hypophthalmichthys nobilis</i>, a traditional fish species produced by Chinese aquaculture, fish farmers rear Paddlefish as a substitute species for Bighead Carp in their production systems. Typically, Paddlefish fingerlings (10 cm TL) are cultured to market sizes (0.6–0.75 kg) in ponds or cages in reservoirs. Paddlefish in China are cultured primarily for meat rather than roe. Acceptable market size can be reached within six months on prepared diets, whereas it takes one year on natural diet. Paddlefish are usually marketed live, as no processing industry has developed. Because Paddlefish have a low tolerance to hypoxia, long distance transportation of live market size Paddlefish is relatively limited. A few Paddlefish are also marketed as aquarium fish. Because of the limited supply of fingerlings and the difficulty of efficiently catching Paddlefish from large bodies of water, reservoir ranching as a production system has not been well developed. Also, reservoir ranching for Paddlefish was slowed due to concerns about potential hybridization between the nonnative Paddlefish and the critically endangered Chinese Paddlefish <i>Psephurus gladius</i> of the Yangtze River. The short supply and high price of fingerlings remain major factors limiting the expansion of North American Paddlefish production in China.
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Sauer, Eberhard W., Jebrael Nokandeh, Konstantin Pitskhelauri, and Hamid Omrani Rekavandi. "Innovation and Stagnation: Military Infrastructure and the Shifting Balance of Power Between Rome and Persia." In Sasanian Persia, 241–67. Edinburgh University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474401012.003.0011.
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The Roman Empire, and its eastern and western successor states, controlled the majority of Europe’s population for approximately half a millennium (first century BC to fifth century AD), holding dominant power status from the second century BC to the seventh century AD, longer than any other state in the western world in history, and it was also the only empire ever to rule over the entire Mediterranean. Its ability to integrate ethnic groups and its well-organised military apparatus were instrumental to this success. From the third century onwards, however, the balance increasingly shifted; the physical dimensions of fortresses and unit sizes tended to decrease markedly in the Roman world, and the tradition of constructing marching camps and training facilities seems to have been abandoned. By contrast, the Sasanian Empire increasingly became the motor of innovation. Already in the third century it matched Rome’s abilities to launch offensive operations, conduct siege warfare and produce military hardware and armour. Jointly with the Iberians and Albanians, the empire also made skilful use of natural barriers to protect its frontiers, notably by blocking the few viable routes across the Caucasus. By the fifth/sixth century, it pioneered heavily fortified, large, rectangular campaign bases, of much greater size than any military compounds in the late Roman world. These military tent cities, filled with rectangular enclosures in neat rows, are suggestive of a strong and well-disciplined army. Like these campaign bases, the contemporary c. 200km-long Gorgan Wall, protected by a string of barracks forts and of distinctly independent design, is not copied from prototypes elsewhere. The evidence emerging from recent joint projects between the Iranian Cultural Heritage, Handcraft and Tourism Organisation and the Universities of Edinburgh, Tbilisi and Durham suggests that in late antiquity the Sasanian army had gone into the lead in terms of organisational abilities, innovation and effective use of its resources.
Conference papers on the topic "Camp sites facilities"
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Al-Faridi, Naji Mohammed, Yasser Berzan, and Hamad Saed R. Kh Al-Hajri. "Enhancement of Workers’ Occupational Health, Safety and Welfare in Ashghal Projects." In The 2nd International Conference on Civil Infrastructure and Construction. Qatar University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/cic.2023.0023.
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One of Ashghal's core values and top priority is the occupational health and safety of customers, employees and contractors. Ashghal prioritizes and is concerned about developing the welfare of workers on the site and in the camp. Ashghal develops welfare specifications for the projects to protect workers and be sure the specifications align with international and national requirements. The specification covers the facilities within the site, such as: number of toilets, handwashing basins, rest area/mess hall, shelter, drinking water, first aid room, transportation, clinic, etc. Ashghal develops an implementation and monitoring system to be sure welfare specifications are provided to all workers, referring to welfare specifications as contractual requirements, then linking workers' welfare as one of the monthly KPIs for the project, implementing it by the contractor, and monitoring it by the consultant. Ashghal is also working on developing specifications and requirements for workers' welfare, for example, developing and updating the specifications and requirements for their welfare on Ashghal construction sites, which will be issued soon as the "ACS."
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Nakayama, S., K. Kawase, K. Iijima, and M. Kato. "Waste Handling and Storage in the Decontamination Pilot Projects of JAEA for Environments of Fukushima." In ASME 2013 15th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2013-96129.
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After the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) was chosen by the national government to conduct decontamination pilot projects at selected sites in Fukushima prefecture. Despite tight boundary conditions in terms of timescale and resources, the projects served their primary purpose to develop a knowledge base to support more effective planning and implementation of stepwise regional remediation of the evacuated zone. A range of established, modified and newly developed techniques were tested under realistic field conditions and their performance characteristics were determined. The results of the project can be summarized in terms of site characterization, cleanup and waste management. A range of options were investigated to reduce the volumes of waste produced and to ensure that decontamination water could be cleaned to the extent that it could be discharged to normal drainage. Resultant solid wastes were packaged in standard flexible containers, labelled and stored at the remediation site (temporary storage until central interim storage becomes available). The designs of such temporary storage facilities were tailored to available sites, but all designs included measures to ensure mechanical stability (e.g., filling void spaces between containers with sand, graded cover with soil) and prevent releases to groundwater (impermeable base and cap, gravity flow drainage including radiation monitors and catch tanks). Storage site monitoring was also needed to check that storage structures would not be perturbed by external events that could include typhoons, heavy snowfalls, freeze/thaw cycles and earthquakes.
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Abrate, Serge, Jefferson F. Lindsey, Alan Weston, Jon Rivers, and William Dill. "Advanced Technological Pre-College Education Program in Composite Manufacturing." In ASME 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-0636.
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Abstract This article describes a National Science Foundation sponsored project to promote technological education with a focus on composites manufacturing. This project has four components: (1)the promotion of careers in Technology to students in grades 7–11; (2) summer camps for students grades 7–11; (3) short courses for high school teachers; (4) developing new courses at the undergraduate level. For each component of the project, a rationale, detailed content, delivery methods, and assessment methods will be discussed. Experience indicates a need to reach secondary school students to make them aware of careers in Technology and related educational opportunities at two-year and four-year institutions and to present a positive and attractive image of the field. Our efforts are directed towards students in grades 7–11. To reach a maximum of students in a large geographic area using several approaches: 1. Presentations using distance learning facilities that allow interactive audio/video presentations at different sites. Faculty members on campus can communicate with six or more sites simultaneously and present computer-based materials, videos, and conduct live demonstrations. 2. School visits. Many schools do not have access to site for interactive video presentations. 3. A web site developed for the project contains regularly updated information about the project, information about composite materials, and the field of technology. Interested parties can register for various programs by filling out the appropriate forms on the web. 4. Special events such as National Engineers Week and Open House Days are used to establish personal contacts. This paper describes how the presentations are delivered, their contents, and how effective they are in promoting a positive image of technology. Another important component of this project is that each institution offers summer camps for students in grades 7–11 and short courses for high school teachers. Each of these activities concentrate on one specific technical area and offer both a general view of that area and how it can lead to rewarding careers in industry, and direct hands-on experiences.
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Jee, Kwang Yong, Hong Joo Ahn, Se Chul Sohn, Su Ho Han, and Ki Seop Choi. "Derivation of the Korean Radwaste Scaling Factor." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7297.
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The concentrations of several radionuclides in low and intermediate level radioactive waste (LILW) drums have to be determined before shipping to disposal facilities. A notice, by the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of the Korean Government, related to the disposal of LILW drums came into effect at the beginning of 2005, with regards to a radionuclide regulation inside a waste drum. MOST allows for an indirect radionuclide assay using a scaling factor to measure the inventories due to the difficulty of nondestructively measuring the essential α and β-emitting nuclides inside a drum. That is, a scaling factor calculated through a correlation of the α or β-emitting nuclide (DTM, Difficult-To-Measure) with a γ-emitting nuclide (ETM, Easy-To-Measure) which has systematically similar properties with DTM nuclides. In this study, radioactive wastes, such as spent resin and dry active waste which were generated at different sites of a PWR and a site of a PHWR type Korean NPP, were partially sampled and analyzed for regulated radionuclides by using radiochemical methods. According to a reactor type and a waste form, the analysis results of each radionuclide were classified. Korean radwaste scaling factor was derived from database of radionuclide concentrations.
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Xu, Siqing, A. Al Keebali, M. Baslaib, A. A. BinAmro, I. Ali, A. Vantala, B. El Yosef, et al. "CO2 Storage in a Giant Depleted Carbonate Gas Reservoir -Addressing Feasibility and Design Challenges with Field Data." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/216768-ms.
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Abstract An integrated study on CO2 storage in a giant depleted gas reservoir was completed. The objectives were to assess feasibility, potential capacity and timing for CO2 storage. Significant design challenges were addressed, including thermal-geo-mechanical impact on cap-rock integrity due to injection CO2 cooling, hydrate, injection well life cycle design and clusters location and surface facilities options. Further de-risking is recommended and ongoing. An integrated approach was adopted combining/optimizing requirements from reservoir, injection wells, cap rock integrity, surface clustering, CO2 transportation and compression/pumping. Key impacts were accounted for: injection J-T effect, hydrate, stress changes, cap rock integrity, well life cycle design, existing well integrity, costs, and surface facilities. Single well models were developed for injection cooling simulation and well design options. 3D reservoir simulations were performed for reservoir pressure changes, storage options, thermal and geo-mechanics for cap rock integrity. Surface facilities options were evaluated, arrival pressure and temperature impact. Several iterations were carried out aiming at optimizing project economics with uncertainty analysis. Results from a CO2 field injection test are presented, part of key design input. Detailed 3D reservoir simulations show that CO2 injection start-up timing and ramping up strategy are important: starting early helps additional gas recovery, late would exacerbate injection CO2 J-T cooling. Placing CO2injectors further away from producers helps enhanced gas recovery. The results of an extended actual field CO2 injection tests are presented, showing downhole temperature changes with injection rate and transient stabilization. Existing well logs and stress profile measurements were combined. Single well models were developed to simulated cooling around well-bore. Velocity strings, small tubing sizes, are potential injector design options. Hydrates formation was found in certain scenarios. Thermal-Geo-mechanics analysis show appreciable stress changes possibly propagating > 150m into cap-rock. Although CO2 surface arrival temperature can be boosted by installing heaters, but would incur higher costs and additional requirements on wellhead design. It became apparent that individual subject requirements would affect the overall design. An iterative-looping integrated approach was adopted with CO2containment and maximizing project economics as over-riding objectives. Overall CO2 storage capacity was maximized. Adequate field data/measurements are essential and critical modelling input. Further de-risking recommendations include core laboratory geo-mechanical testing, further CO2 field higher rate testing, and comprehensive existing well integrity assessment.
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Brouillard, Lee, and Micheael J. Irwin. "Using Real-Time Vadose Zone Monitoring for Long Term Performance Assessment of a Corrective Action Management Unit Containment Cell, Sandia National Laboratories, New Mexico." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4914.
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Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, New Mexico (SNL/NM), operates a Corrective Action Management Unit (CAMU) for the United States Department of Energy (DOE). In 1997 SNL/NM was granted a permit modification that allowed construction and operation of a CAMU. The CAMU follows regulatory guidance that facilitates expedient and cost-effective cleanup and management of hazardous remediation wastes. Treatment operations were completed in January 2003 in conjunction with containment of 845,000 cubic feet (23,930 cubic meters) of treated soil. The containment cell is situated approximately 485 feet (148 meters) above groundwater in a semiarid region marked by low rainfall and high evapotransporation. These site conditions required a unique approach to monitoring the containment cell performance and ultimately protecting groundwater. To satisfy Resource Conservation and Recovery Act groundwater monitoring requirements, a Vadose Zone Monitoring System (VZMS) for rapidly detecting leaks was incorporated into the containment cell design. One component of the VZMS, the Primary Subliner (PSL) monitoring system, utilizes the containment cell subliner to focus potential leakage into five longitudinal trenches. Each trench contains a wicking material and a vitrified clay pipe used to provide access for a neutron probe to measure soil moisture content directly under the containment cell. The other component of the VZMS, the Vertical Sensor Array (VSA), consists of 22 time-domain reflectometers that provide a backup to the PSL. Environmental Protection Agency regulators accepted vadose zone monitoring of the CAMU containment cell as a substitution for groundwater monitoring wells because of its high probability for early detection of leakage if it were to occur. This monitoring approach would also enable timely implementation of a corrective action to mitigate the possibility of any impacts to groundwater. The CAMU VZMS provides a superior methodology for the detection and subsequent characterization of any potential leaks emanating from waste contained in the cell versus the use of groundwater monitoring wells. One of the main advantages offered by the VZMS is its ability to provide real-time data on containment cell performance. Because of the layout, aerial coverage, and the multiple monitoring parameters incorporated into the VZMS, the specific location of a leak from the cell can be defined as well as the nature of the contaminant liquid (volatile organic versus inorganic compounds). The SNL/NM CAMU is the only facility within the DOE complex that implements this innovative approach to environmental restoration waste management and monitoring. A significant cost savings to taxpayers for on-site waste treatment and containment versus off-site disposal was achieved. A cost saving of approximately $200 million was realized by utilization of the CAMU versus off-site waste disposition. The VZMS monitoring system will be utilized during the 30 year post-closure care period for the containment cell.
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Mascagnini, Carlos, Aaesha Khalfan Al Keebali, Siqing Xu, Humberto Parra, S. K. Masalmeh, Muhammad Chughtai, Satya Perumalla, et al. "Onshore Abu Dhabi Carbonate Saline Aquifer CO2 Storage - An Integrated Technical Feasibility Study." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210812-ms.
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Abstract Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is recognized as an important technology in the decarbonisation of the energy system and saline aquifers are potential geological storage candidates. A major integrated feasibility study was conducted to screen and rank carbonate saline aquifer candidates for subsurface CO2 storage, onshore Abu Dhabi. The objectives were to obtain a range of potential CO2 storage capacities and annual injection rates and establish CO2 technical feasibility by integrating subsurface, well performance, cap rock integrity and economic analysis. A candidate screening matrix was developed taking into account onshore Abu Dhabi saline aquifer geological characteristics. Saline aquifers "A" and "B" within the syncline area were among the highest ranked candidates. A large-scale 3D static model was developed, utilising seismic and well data. Extensive CO2 storage simulation runs were performed, covering sensitivities and capturing major storage process/mechanisms applicable to carbonate formation. Combining geomechanics, geoscience, well performance, integrity and dynamic modelling, a CO2 storage site design was completed with slanted/horizontal injectors drilled radially from a centralised well pad. Ranges of CO2 storage capacity and maximum injection rates were obtained, depending on number of injectors and accounting for water offtake in nearby areas. Additionally, CO2 plume migration within several tens of thousands of years was simulated to aid CO2 containment assurance. Separate studies were performed to locate potential CO2 storage surface sites and used as part of the input for CO2 pipeline and surface facilities high level design. CAPEX, OPEX and abandonment cost estimates were generated as input for economic analysis. A multi-disciplinary risk assessment was performed, identifying potential risk factors throughout the life cycle of CO2 storage. De-risking and mitigation measures were considered and a detailed measurement, monitoring and verification (MMV) plan was developed. This paper presents the first integrated study on saline aquifer CO2 storage technical feasibility in this syncline area. A novel integrated workflow is employed, from initial candidate screening through dynamic modelling, surface facilities and risk assessment to recommendations for additional data acquisition. Key aspects which improved on published major international CO2 sequestration assessments are highlighted. The results and conclusions offer valuable insights for other Operators considering or planning CO2 sequestration in saline aquifer projects.
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Li, Longxin, Yuan Zhou, Limin Li, John Tinnin*, Xian Peng, Colin Cranfield, Yu Luo, et al. "Underground Gas Storage Process Optimization Using Integrated Subsurface Characterization, Dynamic Modeling and Monitoring - A Case Study." In Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207941-ms.
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Abstract Underground gas storage (UGS) will be key to addressing supply and demand dynamics as natural gas consumption grows during the coming decades in response to cleaner energy initiatives. The XGS facility began UGS operations in a depleted gas field located in SW China in 2013. Following this initial period of utilization, the site was reassessed to safely increase deliverability during winter months to meet future peak gas demand. The XGS field is located in a high tectonic stress region and has a structurally complex and highly faulted geological setting. The carbonate reservoir is heterogeneous and naturally fractured. Initial assessment steps involved determination of maximum storage capacity and estimation of required working gas and cushion gas volumes using fully integrated geological, geophysical, petrophysical frameworks. Geomechanical modeling was embedded into the analysis to determine the long-term impact inferred by cyclical variations of pressures on the reservoir performance and cap rock containment and evaluate both safe operating pressure limits and monitoring requirements. The coupling of complex reservoir and geomechanical parameters was required to create a dynamic model within the stress regime that could be history-matched to the early gas depletion phase and subsequent gas storage cycles. Such a holistic approach allows the operator to optimize the number of wells, their placement, trajectories and completion designs to ensure safe and efficient operations and develop strategies for increasing withdrawal rates to meet anticipated future demand. Additionally, tight integration of subsurface understanding with surface requirements, such as turbo-compressors, is critical to meet the UGS designed performance and deliverability objectives and ensure sufficient flexibility to optimize the facility usage. A further important task of the final phase of UGS facilities design involves enablement of sustainable operation through a Storage Optimization Plan. The results of the analyses serve as a basis for the design of this plan, in combination with fit-for-purpose surveillance systems of the reservoir and cap-rock seal recording pressure, rock deformation and seismicity in real time, along with regular wellbore inspection.
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Azahree, Ahmad Ismail, Farhana Jaafar Azuddin, Siti Syareena Mohd Ali, Muhammad Hamzi Yakup, Mohd Azlan Mustafa, Ana Widyanita, and Rintu Kalita. "Integrated Coupled Modelling Study to Assess CO2 Sequestration Potential in a Depleted Gas Field." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-21859-ms.
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Abstract A depleted gas field is selected as CO2 storage site for future high CO2 content gas field development in Malaysia. The reservoir selected is a carbonate buildup of middle to late Miocene age. This paper describes an integrated modeling approach to evaluate CO2 sequestration potential in depleted carbonate gas reservoir. Integrated dynamic-geochemical and dynamic-geomechanics coupled modeling is required to properly address the risks and uncertainties such as, effect of compaction and subsidence during post-production and injection. The main subsurface uncertainties for assessing the CO2 storage potential are (i) CO2 storage capacity due to higher abandonment pressure (ii) CO2 containment due to geomechanical risks (iii) change in reservoir properties due to reaction of reservoir rock with injected CO2. These uncertainties have been addressed by first building the compositional dynamic model adequately history matched to the production data, and then coupling with geomechanical model and geochemical module during the CO2 injection phase. This is to further study on the trapping mechanisms, caprock integrity, compaction-subsidence implication towards maximum storage capacity and injectivity. The initial standalone dynamic modeling poses few challenges to match the water production in the field due to presence of karsts, extent of a baffle zone between the aquifer and producing zones and uncertainty in the aquifer volume. The overall depletion should be matched, since the field abandonment pressure impacts the CO2 injectivity and storage capacity. A reasonably history matched coupled dynamic-geomechanical model is used as base case for simulating CO2 injection. The dynamic-geomechanical coupling is done with 8 stress steps based on critical pressure changes throughout production and CO2 injection phase. Overburden and reservoir properties has been mapped in Geomechanical grid and was run using two difference constitutive model; Mohr's Coulomb and Modified Cam Clay respectively. The results are then calibrated with real subsidence measurement at platform location. This coupled model has been used to predict the maximum CO2 injection rate of 100 MMscf/d/well and a storage capacity of 1.34 Tscf. The model allows to best design the injection program in terms of well location, target injection zone and surface facilities design. This coupled modeling study is used to mature the field as a viable storage site. The established workflow starting from static model to coupled model to forecasting can be replicated in other similar projects to ensure the subsurface robustness, reduce uncertainty and risk mitigation of the field for CO2 storage site.
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Prociw, Alex, Jason Ryon, and Jerry Goeke. "Low NOx Combustion Concepts in Support of the NASA Environmentally Responsible Aircraft Program." In ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-68426.
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NASA’s “Environmentally Responsible Aircraft” (ERA) N+2 advanced, low NOx combustor technologies program is looking at combustion technologies suitable for the 2020 time frame. The objective of this program is to develop fuel-air mixing concepts and associated fuel control valves. The low emissions combustor concept must be capable of meeting or exceeding the N+2 LTO NOx goal of 75% reduction from the ICAO standard adopted by CAEP 6 at engine pressure ratios of at least 55. Goodrich Engine Components is working with NASA to demonstrate concepts with these capabilities. In the early 2000’s, Goodrich partnered with NASA in demonstrating the ability of a multipoint lean direct injection (LDI) concept to achieve very low NOx emissions index (EI) levels as tested at NASA test facilities. The program was successful in demonstrating the ability of the multipoint concept to deal with NOx at high power conditions but was not optimized to perform equally as well at low power conditions such as start, ground idle, and flight idle conditions. After review of previous work, Goodrich is investigating a new multipoint combustor design for the N+2 program. The basic multipoint premise of injecting fuel through a large number of injection sites to promote rapid mixing has been retained, but at a much reduced number of nozzles compared to the original work. In the new version, nozzles are arranged in a staggered array pattern and are manifolded in radial stages. The radial stages can be utilized to control radial temperature distribution to the turbine. Radial staging is also being used to maintain sufficient temperature levels around specific nozzles at low power conditions to provide adequate emissions and stability at these conditions. In addition to the modifications of the general arrangement, injector design features are optimized by stage such that much higher air/fuel mixing rates with lower central recirculation zones dominate high power conditions while more conventional swirl stabilization dominates at low power conditions when inlet temperatures are low. The design work is being guided by CFD analysis as well as qualitative and quantitative rig testing before the final configurations are fabricated and tested at the NASA flame tube rigs. This paper will discuss elements of prior designs compared to current designs and discuss the status of Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulations completed in the first phase of this program.
Reports on the topic "Camp sites facilities"
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Mankar, Aditya, and Forouzan Golshani. The Transportation Sector, Cap-and-Trade and Blockchain: A Carbon Credit Trading Platform. Mineta Transportation Institute, March 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2024.2329.
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This study offers a solution that facilitates direct trading of carbon credits with no intermediaries by using blockchain technology aligned with the cap-and-trade system. With this solution, along with other major transformations in the industry, the transportation sector can take more ownership of emissions and mitigate the impact of its role as the largest contributor of greenhouse gasses. The solution sits at the confluence of the Cap-and-Trade initiative, carbon credit trading, and blockchain technology. Although the concept of blockchains has been the subject of significant curiosity, scrutiny, boosterism, investment, criticism, it most importantly is at the core of useful, rapidly growing innovations. The technology is critical because it removes the need for costly intermediaries for the successful functioning of complex systems. More specifically, the technology has demonstrated that value and asset trading can take place securely and meticulously in the absence of middlemen such as financial intermediaries and other brokers. This study shows how a democratized trading system for carbon credit trade can be constructed in which the parties conduct trades directly, with no third-party involvement, speeding up the process and potentially making it more secure and efficient. This intersection of cap-and-trade and blockchain may increase global participation in peer-to-peer exchange, which will help increase universal participation in carbon offset credits trading and allow the transportation sector to contribute actively to both short- and long-term climate change solutions.
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Wu, Yingjie, Selim Gunay, and Khalid Mosalam. Hybrid Simulations for the Seismic Evaluation of Resilient Highway Bridge Systems. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/ytgv8834.
Full textAbstract:
Bridges often serve as key links in local and national transportation networks. Bridge closures can result in severe costs, not only in the form of repair or replacement, but also in the form of economic losses related to medium- and long-term interruption of businesses and disruption to surrounding communities. In addition, continuous functionality of bridges is very important after any seismic event for emergency response and recovery purposes. Considering the importance of these structures, the associated structural design philosophy is shifting from collapse prevention to maintaining functionality in the aftermath of moderate to strong earthquakes, referred to as “resiliency” in earthquake engineering research. Moreover, the associated construction philosophy is being modernized with the utilization of accelerated bridge construction (ABC) techniques, which strive to reduce the impact of construction on traffic, society, economy and on-site safety. This report presents two bridge systems that target the aforementioned issues. A study that combined numerical and experimental research was undertaken to characterize the seismic performance of these bridge systems. The first part of the study focuses on the structural system-level response of highway bridges that incorporate a class of innovative connecting devices called the “V-connector,”, which can be used to connect two components in a structural system, e.g., the column and the bridge deck, or the column and its foundation. This device, designed by ACII, Inc., results in an isolation surface at the connection plane via a connector rod placed in a V-shaped tube that is embedded into the concrete. Energy dissipation is provided by friction between a special washer located around the V-shaped tube and a top plate. Because of the period elongation due to the isolation layer and the limited amount of force transferred by the relatively flexible connector rod, bridge columns are protected from experiencing damage, thus leading to improved seismic behavior. The V-connector system also facilitates the ABC by allowing on-site assembly of prefabricated structural parts including those of the V-connector. A single-column, two-span highway bridge located in Northern California was used for the proof-of-concept of the proposed V-connector protective system. The V-connector was designed to result in an elastic bridge response based on nonlinear dynamic analyses of the bridge model with the V-connector. Accordingly, a one-third scale V-connector was fabricated based on a set of selected design parameters. A quasi-static cyclic test was first conducted to characterize the force-displacement relationship of the V-connector, followed by a hybrid simulation (HS) test in the longitudinal direction of the bridge to verify the intended linear elastic response of the bridge system. In the HS test, all bridge components were analytically modeled except for the V-connector, which was simulated as the experimental substructure in a specially designed and constructed test setup. Linear elastic bridge response was confirmed according to the HS results. The response of the bridge with the V-connector was compared against that of the as-built bridge without the V-connector, which experienced significant column damage. These results justified the effectiveness of this innovative device. The second part of the study presents the HS test conducted on a one-third scale two-column bridge bent with self-centering columns (broadly defined as “resilient columns” in this study) to reduce (or ultimately eliminate) any residual drifts. The comparison of the HS test with a previously conducted shaking table test on an identical bridge bent is one of the highlights of this study. The concept of resiliency was incorporated in the design of the bridge bent columns characterized by a well-balanced combination of self-centering, rocking, and energy-dissipating mechanisms. This combination is expected to lead to minimum damage and low levels of residual drifts. The ABC is achieved by utilizing precast columns and end members (cap beam and foundation) through an innovative socket connection. In order to conduct the HS test, a new hybrid simulation system (HSS) was developed, utilizing commonly available software and hardware components in most structural laboratories including: a computational platform using Matlab/Simulink [MathWorks 2015], an interface hardware/software platform dSPACE [2017], and MTS controllers and data acquisition (DAQ) system for the utilized actuators and sensors. Proper operation of the HSS was verified using a trial run without the test specimen before the actual HS test. In the conducted HS test, the two-column bridge bent was simulated as the experimental substructure while modeling the horizontal and vertical inertia masses and corresponding mass proportional damping in the computer. The same ground motions from the shaking table test, consisting of one horizontal component and the vertical component, were applied as input excitations to the equations of motion in the HS. Good matching was obtained between the shaking table and the HS test results, demonstrating the appropriateness of the defined governing equations of motion and the employed damping model, in addition to the reliability of the developed HSS with minimum simulation errors. The small residual drifts and the minimum level of structural damage at large peak drift levels demonstrated the superior seismic response of the innovative design of the bridge bent with self-centering columns. The reliability of the developed HS approach motivated performing a follow-up HS study focusing on the transverse direction of the bridge, where the entire two-span bridge deck and its abutments represented the computational substructure, while the two-column bridge bent was the physical substructure. This investigation was effective in shedding light on the system-level performance of the entire bridge system that incorporated innovative bridge bent design beyond what can be achieved via shaking table tests, which are usually limited by large-scale bridge system testing capacities.