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1
Holt, Lisa L. "Campaign Posters: The 1972 Presidential Election." Journal of American Culture 9, no. 3 (September 1986): 65–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1542-734x.1986.0903_65.x.
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Cameron, Averil. "Late antiquity and Byzantium: an identity problem." Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 40, no. 1 (April 2016): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/byz.2015.4.
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1975 seems light years away. In parts of the field of Byzantine studies, at any rate, the world has shifted, and perhaps most of all in that contested territory of early Byzantium, otherwise known as late antiquity. The first issue ofByzantine and Modern Greek Studieswas published only four years after Peter Brown’sThe World of Late Antiquity,1and before the ‘explosion’ of late antiquity.2This was also the start of another explosion: the emergence of late antique archaeology as a discipline, leading to its vast expansion and the enormous and ever-growing amount of material available today. For the first time, John Hayes'sLate Roman Pottery(1972) enabled reliable dating criteria for the ceramic evidence that became the foundation of a new understanding of trade and economic life.3The UNESCO Save Carthage campaign, a landmark in the reliable recording of excavations of the late antique period, began in the following year, and since then the growth in data has been exponential.
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Smedley, Stuart. "Making a Federal Case: Youth Groups, Students and the 1975 European Economic Community Referendum Campaign to Keep Britain in Europe." Twentieth Century British History 31, no. 4 (November 28, 2020): 454–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tcbh/hwz043.
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Abstract To persuade the electorate to vote ‘Yes’ in the June 1975 referendum on the United Kingdom’s membership of the European Economic Community, Britain in Europe, the pro-European campaign organization, adopted a pragmatic approach, focusing on the economic benefits of membership and warning about the potentially grave consequences of withdrawal. Importantly, they avoided discussing proposed future advances in European integration. However, this theme was of importance to pro-European youth and student campaign groups—the subject of this article. Through a detailed analysis of their campaign literature, this article further transforms understanding of the 1975 referendum and, especially, the nature of the ‘Yes’ campaign by demonstrating how radical youth groups’ arguments for continued membership were. It argues that young activists yearned to discuss sovereignty and deeper integration in great detail as they offered idealistic visions for how the EEC could develop and benefit Britain. The article also advances knowledge of youth politics in the turbulent 1970s. Greater light is shone on the frustration pro-European youth groups felt towards the main Britain in Europe campaign. Meanwhile, it serves as a case study on the extent to which the perspectives of party-political youth groups and their superiors differed on a specific, highly salient policy issue.
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Aktar, Ayhan. "The Struggle between Nationalist and Jihadist Narratives of Gallipoli, 1915–2015." Forum for Modern Language Studies 56, no. 2 (March 18, 2020): 213–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fmls/cqaa003.
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Abstract There have been a number of milestones in the (re-)writing of the history of the Gallipoli campaign (1915). First, the dominant Turkish nationalist historiography ‘Turkified’ the victory of the Ottoman Imperial Army. Narratives of the 1930s were also constructed in such a way that the presence of Mustafa Kemal (later Atatürk) was used as a bridge to attach the Gallipoli campaign of 1915 to the Turkish War of Independence (1919–1922). In later years, Islamist poets such as Mehmet Akif wrote poems presenting the campaign as a kind of ‘Resistance of Islam against the Infidel’. However, it was not until the mid-1990s that the Gallipoli campaign came to be framed as an ‘Invasion of Crusaders into the House of Islam’. This new narrative reflects a jihadist revision. In this article, these trends will be analysed within the framework of operations of political power in both civil society and the state.
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Eversone, Madara. "Kampaņa pret abstrakcionismu un formālismu 1963. gadā. Latvijas Padomju rakstnieku savienības valdes nostāja." Letonica, no. 35 (2017): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.35539/ltnc.2017.0035.m.e.43.52.
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Between 1962 and 1963 the First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Nikita Khrushchev launched several campaigns against abstractionists and formalists in Moscow, thus marking the end of the so-called Thaw throughout the Soviet Union. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of Latvia also started a campaign against national abstractionists and formalists. On the 22nd and 28th of March 1963 the works of the new poets Vizma Belševica, Monta Kroma, Ojārs Vācietis as well as writer Ēvalds Vilks came under the criticism cross-fire at the Intelligentsia Meeting of the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic. After the criticism from the Communist Party the above mentioned authors also had to be discussed at the Board meetings of the Latvian Soviet Writers’ Union and the local organization meetings of the Party. The article examines the attitude of the Board of Soviet Writers’ Union towards the campaign initiated by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Latvia in March 1963 by looking at the documents of the Latvian Soviet Writers’ Union and the Union’s local organization of the Communist Party that are available at the State Archives of Latvia. Crucial and artistic aspects of the works of the above-mentioned authors have not been included in the analysis. Examining the debates that evolved in the Writers’ Union within the ideological campaign, it is possible to state that the Board, which was loyal to the Communist Party, kept its official stance in line with the Party principles, hereafter paying special attention to the ideologically artistic achievements of particular authors. Generally, the position of the Board of the Latvian Soviet Writers’ Union in respect to the criticized authors can be evaluated as passive, because no repressions were carried out against the new authors and no creative activities were completely suspended by the Board. The campaign of 1963 strongly demonstrates the differences between the generations and the views of the writers. It also reveals the older generation’s struggle for keeping their position and prestige in the field of literature while the younger generation took an increasing opposition.
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Larsen, Svein-Erik. "Noreg og dei polskjødiske flyktningane, 1968–1970." Nordisk judaistik/Scandinavian Jewish Studies 32, no. 1 (May 31, 2021): 66–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.30752/nj.101743.
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In 1968, an antisemitic campaign, launched by the Polish government, caused around 13,000 Jews to leave Poland. About 2500 of these refugees came to Denmark, while only about 25 ended up in Norway. The migration to Norway could potentially have reached low hundreds, but as oral-history sources indicate, the Jewish congregation in Oslo turned down a government initiative in 1969. Based on written and oral sources, and secondary literature, I argue that there was an equally important factor differentiating the two countries. Comparing the Danish and Norwegian refugee reception policies, the article finds that Danish authorities and their NGO partners at decisive stages in the process were more proactive than their Norwegian counterparts in their efforts to persuade Polish Jews to come. The most critical point was in June 1969, when Denmark’s embassy in Warsaw started issuing Jews with automatic visas, while Norway retained its existing application process.
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Easter, Michele M. "Freedom in speech: Freedom and liberty in U.S. presidential campaign discourse, 1952–2004." Poetics 36, no. 4 (August 2008): 265–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.poetic.2008.03.001.
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Opeibi, Tunde Olusola. "One message, many tongues." Journal of Language and Politics 6, no. 2 (December 13, 2007): 223–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jlp.6.2.06ope.
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The essay sets off by arguing that since the 1950s, there has been a growing enthusiasm in political advertising discourse. This was because political advertising became prominent as an effective communicative and publicity tool in the 1952 U.S. presidential election campaign when Dwight D. Eisenhower deployed its instruments to win the most prestigious and highest political post in the U.S. (Reece 2003). Since that time, several rhetorical strategies have been adopted by politicians all over the world to cast and communicate political messages to their various audiences. Most previous research efforts appear to be in the monolingual or L1 settings (e.g. Chilton and Schäffner 1997; Obeng 1997). In this study, we examine how Nigerian politicians demonstrate their bilingual creativity in an innovative manner, employing linguistic facilities to publicise and sell their political programmes, especially in the use of media multilingualism, a novel persuasive strategy that has come to characterise political campaign texts. Specifically, we consider this recent phenomenon in Nigerian political discourse in which political candidates ‘marry’ and exploit the resources of both the exogenous (English) and indigenous languages (and sometimes along with pidgin) in the same campaign texts in order to woo voters. So the term ‘media multilingualism’ here is taken to be the variety of code-mixing and codeswitching in written political texts. The paper thus examines inter/intrasententially code-mixed facts found in the written campaign texts and discusses their functional implications especially as part of the discourse strategies deployed by the politicians to elicit support and woo voters to support their candidatures. Relevant literature on codeswitching and theories (e.g. Speech Accommodation Theory) that provide theoretical underpinning for the study are reviewed. An attempt is also made to demonstrate that codeswitching in political discourse is an interpersonal strategy that can be used to create, strengthen or destroy interpersonal boundaries, and thus it functions as a discourse strategy for pragmatic and strategic purposes (Wei 2003). The framework for analysis follows the insights provided in Rational Choice Models (RC) as seen in the works of Myers-Scotton (1993), Myers-Scotton and Agnes Bolonyai (2001) and Wei (2003). The essay concludes by presenting a summary of some important analytical observations that arose from the study. It also suggests that a similar pattern is bound to occur in political discourse found in other L2 contexts. The data set for this work came from selected political texts produced during the 2003 governorship and presidential elections campaigns in Nigeria and sourced from selected Nigerian national newspapers.
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Mazaheri, Nimah. "State repression in the Iranian bazaar, 1975–1977: The anti-profiteering campaign and an impending revolution." Iranian Studies 39, no. 3 (August 3, 2006): 401–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00210860600808250.
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Molek-Kozakowska, Katarzyna, and Agnieszka Kampka. "CREATIVE RECONSTRUCTIONS OF POLITICAL IMAGERY IN AN INSTAGRAM-BASED ELECTION CAMPAIGN: IMPLICATIONS FOR VISUAL RHETORICAL LITERACY." Creativity Studies 14, no. 2 (August 18, 2021): 307–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cs.2021.14524.
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This article reviews literature on visual rhetoric in political campaigning and synthesizes several strands of current research devoted to the rhetorical potential of communicating with visuals in online environments. It uses rhetorical concepts of identification and manoeuvring, as well as the category of topos, to discuss the implications of an abductive analysis of a coded corpus of 1976 Instagram images posted during 2019 election to the European Parliament campaign in Poland. On this basis, the article offers recommendations related to the awareness of topoi in visual rhetoric to foster users’ creative inventory. In the context of increasingly strategically designed and creative online political communications, scholarship should offer guidance on how to parse images according to how they (mis)represent political reality to fit the purposes of elite communicators, and how to challenge them.
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FORTIER, Jacob. "EAST TIMOR: WHEN STATE REPRESSION MAKES SECESSION EASIER (1975-2002)." Conflict Studies Quarterly 35 (April 2021): 18–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/csq.35.2.
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Why does state violence sometimes fail to crush a secessionist movement and instead facilitate international support for the separatist cause? Based on the literature on the international recognition of secessionist entities and on the impact of state repression against social movements, this paper develops an argument according to which the timing of certain repressive events make them more likely to generate an international backlash and thus facilitate external support for secessionists. To backfire internationally, state violence must occur at the right time—that is, when the secessionists have gained sufficient media attention, put in place an appropriate organizational structure, and have abandoned violent tactics for a nonviolent campaign. Using the secession process of East Timor as a case study, this paper shows how the international moral outrage that followed the Dili massacre (1991),combined with a changing geopolitical context, have boosted the foreign support of the secessionist movement in East Timor and allowed it to obtain important concessions from Jakarta. Keywords: State repression, Secession, East Timor, Political violence, International Relations
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Manning, Roberta T. "1504. The Rise and Fall of “the Extraordinary Measures,” January –June, 1928: Toward a Reexamination of the Onset of the Stalin Revolution." Carl Beck Papers in Russian and East European Studies, no. 1504 (January 1, 2001): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/cbp.2001.154.
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''The extraordinary measures" is a phrase frequently encountered in scholarly literature to describe the onset of mandatory grain procurements in the USSR at the end of 1927 and the first tentative steps toward the collectivization of agriculture.' Newly declassified archival materials, however, indicate that the extraordinary measures entailed more than a change in economic policy. Rather, contemporaries applied this label to the first of a series of mass police operations, that is, mass arrest campaigns undertaken by OGPU, the Soviet political police, against the countryside in the prewar years. The extraordinary measures thus heralded the onset of Stalin's Terror.
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Kampka, Agnieszka, and Katarzyna Molek-Kozakowska. "Instagram w autoprezentacji politycznej. Analiza wizualna postów polskich kandydatów do europarlamentu w 2019 roku." Polityka i Społeczeństwo 18, no. 1 (2020): 41–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/polispol.2020.1.3.
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This article reviews currently available literature on the role of Instagram in political communication and reports on the results of the analysis of 1976 Instagram posts of the most active politicians during the 2019 European parliamentary election campaign in Poland. With the aid of quantitative thematic analysis and qualitative visual rhetorical analysis, we identify the main patterns of self-representation of candidates and compare the forms of visualization and typical strategies of building ethos and mobilizing the voters across parties. We prove that traditional representations of candidates (delivering speeches, canvassing, shaking hands) and national (rather than European) symbols tend to dominate. We conclude with observations on the increase in personalization of politics, professionalization of political campaigning, and strong communitarian identification.
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Parker, Simon B., Pierre Bordreuil, Daniel Arnaud, Beatrice Andre-Salvini, Sylvie Lackenbacher, Florence Malbran-Labat, Dennis Pardee, et al. "Une bibliotheque au sud de la ville: Les textes de la 34e Campagne (1973)." Journal of Biblical Literature 112, no. 3 (1993): 507. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3267750.
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Mbali, Mandisa. "‘A Matter of Conscience’: The Moral Authority of the World Medical Association and the Readmission of the South Africans, 1976–1994." Medical History 58, no. 2 (April 2014): 257–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2014.8.
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AbstractThis article describes the role of transnational anti-apartheid activism in South Africa, Britain and the United States in generating international moral outrage over the readmission of the Medical Association of South Africa (MASA) to the World Medical Association (WMA), which had taken place in 1981 after it had withdrawn from that body in 1976. It discusses an example of a controversy where an international health organisation (IHO) lost moral authority as a result of being accused of white supremacy and a pro-American engagement in Cold War politics. At the time of its readmission to the WMA, the MASA was controversial because of its failure to strike off its membership roll one of the doctors implicated the death in detention of Black Consciousness leader Steve Biko in 1977. It details how these activists viewed the American Medical Association as having campaigned for the MASA’s readmission. The WMA’s readmission of the MASA cost the former its relationships with the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the British Medical Association – a dispute which continued until South Africa’s democratic transition of 1994. With its focus on transnational activism in relation to the WMA and the effects of activists’ allegations of racism on its internal politics, this article contributes to the literature on the history of IHOs. Ultimately, this controversy shows the deficiency of international medical professional associations as ethical arbitrators of last resort.
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Matin, A. Michael. "Gauging the Propagandist’s Talents." Critical Survey 32, no. 1-2 (June 1, 2020): 79–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/cs.2019.112604.
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Shortly after the outbreak of World War One, Charles Masterman was appointed by Prime Minister Asquith to oversee a covert literary propaganda campaign in support of the British war effort. Although William Le Queux had been one of the most prominent British anti-German writers during the prewar years, he was not recruited for this governmental endeavour that included many of the nation’s best-known writers. Nonetheless, he continued on his own to publish anti-German propaganda throughout the war. These two articles assess Le Queux’s national security-oriented writings within that broader context, and they offer a methodology for gauging the potential efficacy of such texts based on recent developments in the field of risk-perception studies. Part One provides a historical and methodological foundation for both articles and assesses a number of Le Queux’s pre-1914 works. Part Two (published in Part II of this issue) examines Le Queux’s career and writings from 1914 through to his death in 1927.
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Matin, A. Michael. "Gauging the Propagandist’s Talents." Critical Survey 32, no. 1-2 (June 1, 2020): 193–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/cs.2020.32010209.
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Shortly after the outbreak of World War One, Charles Masterman was appointed by Prime Minister Asquith to oversee a covert literary propaganda campaign in support of the British war effort. Although William Le Queux had been one of the most prominent British anti-German writers during the prewar years, he was not recruited for this governmental endeavour that included many of the nation’s best-known writers. Nonetheless, he continued on his own to publish anti-German propaganda throughout the war. These two articles assess Le Queux’s national security-oriented writings within that broader context, and they offer a methodology for gauging the potential efficacy of such texts based on recent developments in the field of risk-perception studies. Part One (published in Part I of this issue) provides a historical and methodological foundation for both articles and assesses a number of Le Queux’s pre-1914 works. Part Two examines Le Queux’s career and writings from 1914 through to his death in 1927.
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Martz, John D. "Electoral Campaigning and Latin American Democratization: The Grancolombian Experience." Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 32, no. 1 (1990): 17–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/166128.
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Does electoral campaigning in Latin America make a difference, and does it merit the attention of scholars? This was at the core of an extensive bibliographic analysis, published nearly two decades ago, which noted the paucity of literature on the subject, extending throughout the Third World and even including Western Europe (Martz, 1971). However, the rising tide of military authoritarianism dramatically reduced the relevance of the question in the region, and students of Latin American politics turned away, understandably, from concerted attention to campaigns, elections, and parties. Only with the reemergence of democratic regimes in recent years has interest turned back toward older emphases (Martz, 1990). Once again, theoretical developments have been colored by the events of the day, reorienting scholarly attention “from the military overthrow of civilian regimes and Latin American authoritarianism toward the prospects and processes of redemocratization” (Malloy, 1987).
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Broockman, David E. "Do Congressional Candidates Have Reverse Coattails? Evidence from a Regression Discontinuity Design." Political Analysis 17, no. 4 (2009): 418–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pan/mpp013.
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Although the presidential coattail effect has been an object of frequent study, the question of whether popular congressional candidates boost vote shares in return for their parties' presidential candidates remains unexplored. This article investigates whether so-called “reverse coattails” exist using a regression discontinuity design with congressional district-level data from presidential elections between 1952 and 2004. Taking incumbency to be near-randomly distributed in cases where congressional candidates have just won or lost their previous elections, I find that the numerous substantial advantages of congressional incumbency have no effect on presidential returns for these incumbents' parties. This null finding underscores my claim that the existing coattail literature deserves greater scrutiny. My results also prompt a rethinking of the nature of the advantages that incumbents bring to their campaigns and may help deepen our understanding of partisanship in the United States.
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BUSCH, TRACY NICHOLS. "Women and Children First? Avtodor's Campaigns and the Limits of Soviet Automobility from 1927 to 1935." Russian Review 70, no. 3 (June 14, 2011): 397–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9434.2011.00621.x.
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Federici, Silvia, and Campbell Jones. "Counterplanning in the Crisis of Social Reproduction." South Atlantic Quarterly 119, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 153–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00382876-8007713.
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In this interview Silvia Federici discusses the prospects for counterplanning from below in the current crisis of social reproduction. The organization of care and social reproduction by capital, in alliance with governmental and non-governmental organizations, has created massive structural suffering and devalued vital social activities from which capital extracts value for which it pays nothing. As this crisis of social reproduction has developed internationally and taken on increasingly racialized forms, new and different forms of struggle over social reproduction have arisen. Starting from the Wages for Housework campaign and her 1975 call for “Counter-planning from the Kitchen,” Federici refines her thinking about the struggle over social reproduction and the reproductive commons today. She sketches the shifting grounds of the present crisis, and stresses what can be learned from current struggles over social reproduction in Africa, Latin America, and elsewhere, to organize and value social reproduction differently.
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Henning, Michelle. "ANTHROPOMORPHIC TAXIDERMY AND THE DEATH OF NATURE: THE CURIOUS ART OF HERMANN PLOUCQUET, WALTER POTTER, AND CHARLES WATERTON." Victorian Literature and Culture 35, no. 2 (June 29, 2007): 663–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150307051704.
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MR. POTTER'S MUSEUM OF CURIOSITIESwas a small Victorian museum that contained unique anthropomorphic tableaux made by the taxidermist Walter Potter (1835–1918). Its glass cases were crammed with small “stuffed” or “mounted” animals, such as birds, squirrels, rats, weasels, and rabbits, wearing miniature clothes and placed in models of the human settings of Potter's time. They play sports, get married, fill schoolrooms and clubs, but they also illustrate well known sayings, rhymes, and rural myths. From the 1860s the tableaux were displayed in Bramber, Sussex, in the southeast of England. In 1972 the Museum was sold and relocated to Brighton and two years later to Arundel, in Sussex. In 1985 it was sold again and moved to the Jamaica Inn – a Daphne du Maurier inspired tourist attraction on the edge of the bleak Bodmin Moor in Cornwall. The collection was finally dispersed in an auction sale in 2003. This sale attracted some media attention and several campaigns attempted to preserve the museum intact. The artist Damien Hirst claimed he had offered to buy the entire collection, but the auction went ahead (Hirst). Hirst was perhaps only the most high profile of those campaigning to keep Potter's collection together. Nevertheless, at the time it seemed hardly surprising that this unusual museum stood more chance of being rescued by an artist whose work often uses animal corpses to speak of mortality and the processes of preservation and decay, than it did of being bought by any public museum.
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Galil, Gershon. "Israelite Exiles in Media: A New Look at ND 2443+." Vetus Testamentum 59, no. 1 (2009): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853308x372955.
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AbstractThis paper reexamines ND 2443+, a Neo-Assyrian administrative record excavated at Calah in 1952, and first published by Barbara Parker in 1961 (Iraq 23, pp. 27-28). A new translation of this important text is presented, followed by a few notes and a discussion on the relation between the Israelite exile Hilqī-Iāu, and the city Sagbat/Bīt-Sagbat in Media. The text should be dated to the last years of Tiglath-pileser III since it mentions Bēl-Harrān-bēlu-usur, the nāgir ekalli, first appointed ca. 775 B.C., and the Israelites Hilqī-Iāu and Gir-Iāu, probably exiled from Israel after the 733-732 B.C. campaign. In light of the new interpretation of ND 2443+ the issue of “the cities of Media” (1 Kgs 17:6; 18:14) is reconsidered, and it is suggested that ND 2443+ indicates the deportation of Israelites to Media in the last years of Tiglath-pileser III.
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Murphy, Martin. "A Jacobite Antiquary in Grub Street: Captain John Stevens (c.1662–1726)." Recusant History 24, no. 4 (October 1999): 437–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034193200002636.
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Some of the multifarious literary activities of Captain John Stevens have received attention from specialists. His journal of the Irish wars of 1688–91, not published until 1912, is now generally recognised as being one of the most important primary sources for the campaign. His place in the history of travel writing, as the translator into English of classical works in Spanish and Portuguese on the history, geography and ethnology of the Iberian world, has been established by Dr. Colin Steele. His major contribution to English monastic history, as the translator and continuator of Sir Thomas Dugdale, though less well known, and deserving closer study, has been recognised by David Douglas. More recently a Portuguese scholar has paid tribute to him as one of the first writers to introduce the English reader to Portuguese history and literature. English Hispanists have acknowledged his prolific output as a translator of Spanish authors, notably Cervantes and Quevedo. More controversially, in Pat Rogers’s fascinating study of the literary underclass in London during the age of Pope and Swift, he is ignominiously—and, I shall argue, unjustly—indexed under the heading ‘Dunces and their allies’.
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Green, Maia. "Mau Mau oathing rituals and political ideology in Kenya: a re-analysis." Africa 60, no. 1 (January 1990): 69–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1160427.
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Opening ParagraphThe Mau Mau movement used a campaign of ritualised oath-taking to gain the support and co-operation of the Gikuyu masses. The oaths remain a continuing source of controversy in the literature on Mau Mau, little of which is directly anthropological. This article offers a tentative resolution to that controversy through an anthropological analysis of Mau Mau oathing rituals in the light of contemporary theories on the relation of ritual to ideology. I argue that the oathing rituals are to be understood as part of the ideological apparatus of the movement, along with rallies and songs. The effectiveness of the oathing rituals lies not solely in their symbolic reference to 'traditional practice' as Buijtenhuijs (1982: 87) has suggested, nor in some inherent mystifying property of ritual communication (Bloch, 1974: 67–76). Although a continuity between the oathing rituals and those associated with the legitimation of traditional authority is strikingly apparent, the success of the former as a medium for political recruitment is to be explained in its relation to ideology, and in the essential ambiguity of the central tenets of that ideology—‘land’ and ‘freedom’.
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Orbach, H., and A. Tanay. "Vaccines as a trigger for myopathies." Lupus 18, no. 13 (October 30, 2009): 1213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961203309345734.
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Vaccines are considered to be among the greatest medical discoveries, credited with the virtual eradication of some diseases and the consequent improved survival and quality of life of the at-risk population. With that, vaccines are among the environmental factors implicated as triggers for the development of inflammatory myopathies. The sporadic reports on vaccineinduced inflammatory myopathies include cases of hepatitis B virus, bacillus Calmette—Guérin, tetanus, influenza, smallpox, polio, diphtheria, diphtheria—pertussis—tetanus, combination of diphtheria with scarlet fever and diphtheria—pertussis—tetanus with polio vaccines. However, a significant increase in the incidence of dermatomyositis or polymyositis after any massive vaccination campaign has not been reported in the literature. In study patients with inflammatory myopathies, no recent immunization was recorded in any of the patients. Moreover, after the 1976 mass flu vaccination, no increase in the incidence of inflammatory myopathies was observed. Although rare, macrophagic myofasciitis has been reported following vaccination and is attributed to the aluminium hydroxide used as an adjuvant in some vaccines. Prospective multicenter studies are needed to identify potential environmental factors, including vaccines, as potential triggers for inflammatory myopathies. Lupus (2009) 18, 1213—1216.
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Popović, Olivera, and Slavko Burzanović. "PUTOPISNI ZAPIS JEDNOG ITALIJANSKOG DOBROVOLJCA O CRNOJ GORI U VRIJEME BALKANSKIH RATOVA / DIARIO DI VIAGGIO DI UN VOLONTARIO ITALIANO SUL MONTENEGRO DURANTE LE GUERRE BALCANICHE." Folia linguistica et litteraria XI, no. 33 (2020): 149–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31902/fll.33.2020.7.
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L'articolo tratta il diario di viaggio del volontario italiano Pierluigi Albini, che visitò il Montenegro durante la Prima guerra balcanica (1912-1913). Facendo riferimento al contesto della sua visita, gli autori affrontano il motivo del suo arrivo, gli eventi di viaggio descritti nel suo manoscritto, nonché i fatti che collocano il suo diario tra le fonti storiche per lo studio delle relazioni tra il Montenegro e l'Italia durante questa campagna di guerra nei Balcani. Confrontando il diario di Albini con le relazioni di viaggio di altri autori italiani pubblicati non solo in occasione delle Guerre balcaniche, ma anche in altre circostanze storiche, si evidenziano le possibili influenze di queste opere sulla rappresentazione del Montenegro e dei Montenegrini nel manoscritto di Albini.
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Schnadt Poberaj, C., J. Staehelin, D. Brunner, V. Thouret, and V. Mohnen. "A UT/LS ozone climatology of the nineteen seventies deduced from the GASP aircraft measurement program." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 7, no. 22 (November 29, 2007): 5917–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-5917-2007.
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Abstract. We present ozone measurements of the Global Atmospheric Sampling Program (GASP) performed from four commercial and one research aircraft in the late 1970s. The GASP quality assurance and control program was reviewed, and an ozone climatology of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UT/LS) of the years 1975–1979 was built. The data set was estimated to have an overall uncertainty of 9% or 3 ppb whichever is greater for the first two years and 4% or 3 ppb for the remaining years, i.e. after implementation of silicone rubber membranes in the pumps. Two cases of nearly coincident flights of two GASP airliners along the same flight route, and the comparison with independent observations from the literature, including ozonesondes and aircraft campaigns, indicate that the ozone measurements are of high quality. The UT/LS climatology of the GASP data set is in general agreement with that derived from MOZAIC in the 1990s in regions covered by both programmes. GASP provides unique large-scale climatological information on UT/LS ozone above the northern hemisphere Pacific region, which is not covered by MOZAIC. There, the GASP climatology confirms several characteristic features derived from individual research aircraft campaigns and from ozone soundings. In particular, summertime ozone in the UT over the midlatitude eastern Pacific Ocean was significantly lower in the 1970s than over the American continent. The generally lower ozone concentrations in the tropics near the dateline as compared to farther east are indicative of convective uplifting of ozone poor air from the marine boundary layer.
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McAteer, Michael. "Post-revisionism: Conflict (Ir)resolution and the Limits of Ambivalence in Kevin McCarthy’s Peeler." Text Matters, no. 8 (October 24, 2018): 9–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/texmat-2018-0001.
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This essay considers a historical novel of recent times in revisionist terms, Kevin McCarthy’s debut novel of 2010, Peeler. In doing so, I also address the limitations that the novel exposes within Irish revisionism. I propose that McCarthy’s novel should be regarded more properly as a post-revisionist work of literature. A piece of detective fiction that is set during the Irish War of Independence from 1919 to 1921, Peeler challenges the romantic nationalist understanding of the War as one of heroic struggle by focusing its attention on a Catholic member of the Royal Irish Constabulary. In considering the circumstances in which Sergeant Seán O’Keefe finds himself as a policeman serving a community within which support for the IRA campaign against British rule is strong, the novel sheds sympathetic light on the experience of Catholic men who were members of the Royal Irish Constabulary until the force was eventually disbanded in 1922. At the same time, it demonstrates that the ambivalence in Sergeant O’Keefe’s attitudes ultimately proves unsustainable, thereby challenging the value that Irish revisionism has laid upon the ambivalent nature of political and cultural circumstances in Ireland with regard to Irish-British relations. In the process, I draw attention to important connections that McCarthy’s Peeler carries to Elizabeth Bowen’s celebrated novel of life in Anglo-Irish society in County Cork during the period of the Irish War of Independence: The Last September of 1929.
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Bashkin, Orit. "The Barbarism from Within—Discourses about Fascism amongst Iraqi and Iraqi-Jewish Communists, 1942-1955." DIE WELT DES ISLAMS 52, no. 3-4 (2012): 400–429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700607-201200a7.
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This article looks at the changing significations of the word “fascist” within communist discourses in Iraq and in Israel. I do so in order to illustrate how fascism, a concept signifying a political theory conceptualized and practiced in Italy, Germany, and Spain, became a boarder frame of reference to many leftist intellectuals in the Middle East. The articles shows that communist discourses formulated in Iraq during the years 1941-1945 evoked the word “fascist” not only in order to discredit Germany and Italy but also, and more importantly, as a way of critiquing Iraq’s radical pan-Arab nationalists and Iraq’s conservative elites who proclaimed their loyalty to pan-Arabism as well. In other words, the article studies the ways in which Iraqi communist intellectuals, most notably the leader of the Iraqi Communist Party, Fahd, shifted the antifascist global battle to the Iraqi field and used the prodemocratic agenda of the Allies to criticize the absence of social justice and human rights in Iraq, and the Iraqi leadership’s submissive posture toward Britain. As it became clear to Iraqi communists that World War II was nearing its end, and that Iraq would be an important part of the American-British front, criticism of the Iraqi Premier Nūrī al-Saʿīd and his policies grew sharper, and such policies were increasingly identified as “fascist”. Within this context, Fahd equated chauvinist rightwing Iraqi nationalism in its anti-Jewish and anti- Kurdish manifestations with fascism and Nazi racism. I then look at the ways in which Iraqi Jewish communists internalized the party’s localized antifascist agenda. I argue that Iraqi Jewish communists identified rightwing Iraqi nationalism (especially the agenda espoused by a radical pan-Arab Party called al-Istiqlāl) as symptomatic of a fascist ideology. Finally, I demonstrate how Iraqi Jewish communists who migrated to Israel in the years 1950-1951 continued using the word “fascist” in their campaigns against rightwing Jewish nationalism and how this antifascist discourse influenced prominent Palestinian intellectuals
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Thomas, Bronwen. "Kicking the hornet’s nest: The rhetoric of social campaigning in Stieg Larsson’s Millennium trilogy." Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 21, no. 3 (July 24, 2012): 299–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963947012444224.
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Stieg Larsson’s Millennium trilogy has attracted huge audiences all over the world. Interest in the trilogy has been fuelled by revelations about the life and death of the author, and by clever publicity campaigns for both the books and the film adaptations, but little attention has been paid so far to the language and style of the novels. This article will focus on Larsson’s attempt to incorporate social campaigning and politics into the crime genre, and the extent to which he is able to combine rhetorical attacks on the injustices of contemporary Swedish society with a gripping plot. The article will offer a close analysis of the stylistic ‘gear shifts’ in the novels (Page, 1973), along with an examination of the various types of paratextual matter (Genette, 1997 [1987]) they incorporate. In addition, I will explore how far Larsson’s writing participates in the reworking of definitions of criminality and deviance within the genre (Gregoriou, 2007). Finally, the article will consider how far the film adaptations dilute Larsson’s social and political agenda, and tone down or glamorise the sexual violence which is such a feature of the novels.
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Brown, Tristan G. "A Mountain of Saints and Sages: Muslims in the Landscape of Popular Religion in Late Imperial China." T’oung Pao 105, no. 3-4 (November 11, 2019): 437–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10534p06.
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AbstractNear the beginning of the Qing dynasty (1636-1912), the mausoleum of a Sufi saint, the Pavilion of Lingering Illumination, was constructed on an ancient Daoist mountain in the town of Baoning, Sichuan province. Over the following centuries, the shrine became one of the most heavily patronized religious sites in the province. There, state officials oversaw rain-making rituals, local gentry supplicated for success in the civil examinations, and Manchu bannermen bestowed dedications celebrating the empire’s military campaigns in Xinjiang. While Qing officials recognized it as an Islamic site, many of the town’s residents treated it like any other Chinese shrine, emphasizing its connections to the region’s fengshui and its efficacy for rain-making. Through exploring the shrine’s history, this article provides a new window into Islam as a “local religion” in China, a survey of the flexible religious contours of the imperial state, and a richer understanding of Qing patronage for the institutions of minority groups. It argues that this Islamic site played a central role in the wider social life and governance of the area.
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Johnson, David. "Settler Farmers and Coerced African Labour in Southern Rhodesia, 1936–46." Journal of African History 33, no. 1 (March 1992): 111–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002185370003187x.
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This paper contributes to a growing body of literature on the socio-economic impact of the Second World War on Africa. The focus is on the inter-relationship between the state, settler farmers and African labour in Southern Rhodesia. The war presented an opportunity for undercapitalized European farmers to enlist state support in securing African labour that they could not obtain through market forces alone. Historically, these farmers depended heavily on a supply of cheap labour from the Native Reserves and from the colonies to the north, especially Nyasaland. But the opportunities for Africans to sell their labour in other sectors of the Southern Rhodesian economy and in the Union of South Africa, or to at least determine the timing and length of their entry into wage employment, meant that settler farmers seldom obtained an adequate supply of labour. Demands for increased food production, a wartime agrarian crisis and a diminished supply of external labour all combined to ensure that the state capitulated in the face of requests for Africans to be conscripted into working for Europeans as a contribution to the Imperial war effort. The resulting mobilization of thousands of African labourers under the Compulsory Native Labour Act (1942), which emerged as the prize of the farmers' campaign for coerced labour, corrects earlier scholarship on Southern Rhodesia which asserted that state intervention in securing labour supplies was of importance only up to the 1920s. The paper also shows that Africans did not remain passive before measures aimed at coercing them into producing value for settler farmers.
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Achalli, Sonika, Shishir Ram Shetty, and Subhas G. Babu. "The Green Hazards: A Meta-Analysis of Green Tobacco Sickness." International Journal of Occupational Safety and Health 2, no. 1 (February 22, 2012): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijosh.v2i1.4963.
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Green Tobacco Sickness (GTS) has been one of the unexplored areas of occupational health safety. The condition mainly affects the tobacco harvesters. The condition is prevalent in Asian and South American tobacco harvesters. Although transient, the condition can affect multiple organ systems. The objective of this review is to extensively discuss the background, epidemiology, clinical features and measures to counter the problem.A literature search of Medline with terms such as “green”, “tobacco” and “sickness” was done covering years 1970-2007. All studies, reviews and commentaries on health effects of farming green tobacco and preventing the disease were included.Green Tobacco Sickness is caused by the absorption of nicotine through the skin from wet tobacco plants who have direct contact with tobacco plants during cultivation and harvesting. The early symptoms often include headache and nausea followed by vomiting, weakness, pallor, dizziness, headaches, increased perspiration, chills, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, and increased salivation which may also progress to extreme conditions like prostration, shortness of breath, and occasional fluctuations in blood pressure or heart rate. The duration of the illness is usually between one and three days. The use of protective, water-resistant clothing, chemical-resistant gloves, plastic aprons and rainsuits with boots and socks has reduced the chances of contracting GTS.It is important to educate the tobacco workers and the employers about GTS in order to reduce its incidence. An international level awareness campaign has to be taken up and more stringent workers safety regulations have to be formulated.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijosh.v2i1.4963 International Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, Vol. 2 No. 1 (2012) 11-14
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Bashevkin, Sylvia. "Party Talk: Assessing the Feminist Rhetoric of Women Leadership Candidates in Canada." Canadian Journal of Political Science 42, no. 2 (June 2009): 345–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423909090325.
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Abstract.This study examines public statements by female candidates for the leadership of major federal parties in the period 1975–2006, with reference to the conceptual literature on political representation. Was the willingness of women politicians to voice feminist rhetoric more closely related to extra-parliamentary dynamics, notably the changing fortunes of feminist and antifeminist movements, or to parliamentary factors, including the ideological as well as competitive circumstances of their parties? The empirical discussion suggests feminist content was particularly strong in the language of Rosemary Brown for the NDP in 1975, Kim Campbell for the PCs in 1993 and Martha Hall Findlay for the Liberals in 2006. Overall results point toward the utility of a two-pronged perspective that merges a parliamentary view that centre-left through centre-right parties, as well as those in an opposition or weak governing position, were more likely sites of feminist discourse than hard right and firmly competitive parties, with a movement-focused approach that explains the diminished use of representational rhetoric during this period, even in relatively hospitable parties, with reference to the declining legitimacy of organized feminism. Unlike in the US, women candidates in right parties in Canada did not use their campaigns as vehicles for voicing strong antifeminist positions.Résumé.Cette étude survole la littérature conceptuelle sur la représentation politique et examine ainsi les déclarations publiques faites par les candidates lors des courses à la direction des principaux partis politiques fédéraux pendant la période allant de 1975 à 2006. La volonté des politiciennes d'exprimer la rhétorique féministe était-elle davantage apparentée à la dynamique extra-parlementaire, notamment la force des mouvements féministes et antiféministes, ou plutôt aux facteurs parlementaires comme l'idéologie et la compétitivité de leur parti? La discussion empirique suggère que le contenu féministe était particulièrement important dans le vocabulaire utilisé par Rosemary Brown pour le NPD en 1975, par Kim Campbell pour le PPC en 1993 et par Martha Hall Findlay pour le PLC en 2006. Les résultats indiquent qu'il est utile, pour ce type d'étude, de considérer une fusion des deux approches. La première est une perspective parlementaire, qui suggère que les partis se situant sur le spectre politique entre le centre-gauche et le centre-droit, de même que ceux qui se trouvent dans une position d'opposition ou de gouvernement faible ou minoritaire, sont les plus réceptifs aux discours féministes. La deuxième approche (movement-focused) porte son attention sur les mouvements sociaux pour expliquer la diminution de l'utilisation de la rhétorique représentationnelle pendant cette période, et ce, même dans les partis relativement réceptifs au féminisme organisé. Contrairement à la situation aux États-Unis, les candidates à la direction des partis de droite au Canada n'ont pas utilisé la course à l'investiture de leur parti comme tremplin pour exprimer de fortes positions antiféministes.
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Suvorov, Mikhail N. "Half-century of Sociopolitical Transformations in Yemen in Habib Saruri’s Columnist Style Novels." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies 12, no. 3 (2020): 380–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2020.305.
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After the unification of North and South Yemen into a single state in 1990, some Yemeni writers tried to rethink in a literary form the country’s recent past, which was presented in the literature of the previous period in an ideologically embellished form. One of the first authors to do so was Habib Saruri, a Yemeni-born computer scientist who lives permanently in France. In his first novel, The Ruined Queen (1998), he described the life of South Yemen in the first half of the 1970s, during the period of active implementation of the theory of scientific socialism in the country. The success of the novel encouraged Saruri to continue writing, and to date he has published nine novels. In most of his works, the writer focuses on the sociopolitical transformations that Yemen has gone through over the past half-century, including the socialist experiment of the 1970–80s and the civil war of 1986 in the South, the consequences of this war for the losing side, the process of rapprochement and unification of the two parts of Yemen, the civil war of 1994 in the united Yemen and its consequences for the South, the spread of radical Islamism, the revolution of 2011 and further political chaos, the Houthis’ attempt to capture Aden in 2015, and the current military campaign of the Arab coalition against the Houthis. Saruri treats the events of Yemen’s modern history boldly and straightforwardly, in a manner characteristic of a columnist, and most of his works resemble journalism, presented in the form of a novel. This article examines the picture of the modern history of Yemen presented in six of Saruri’s novels: The Ruined Queen (1998), Damlan (2004), The Bird of Destruction (2005), Suslov’s Daughter (2014), The Grandson of Sinbad (2016), and Revelation (2018).
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AL-Samydai, Mahmood Jasim, and Rudaina Othman Yousif. "The Role of Demarketing in Reducing Electricity Demand." International Journal of Business and Management 13, no. 1 (December 18, 2017): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v13n1p209.
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The current study aims to examine the influence of demarketing in reducing the demand for electricity in Jordan. According to (Kotler and Levy. 1971) the demarketing is based on three strategies (general demarketing strategy, selective demarketings strategy and ostensible demarketing strategy). The philosophy of demarketing based on creating better and healthier environment for community and it represents an important tool to determine the consumption of a certain product permanently or temporarily.Demarketing considered an important tool that is used to limit demand or consumption, or rationalize its use, of a certain product or service, permanently or temporarily (fuel electricity, water, etc.) due to the rarity of these resources and their importance, economically, to countries. It is used to limit the use of some products that damage public heath, society, and community (like smoking, alcohol, controlled medication and narcotics, etc.). This paper shows the benefit from the general demarketing to influence the demand of electricity.The researchers depended on secondary resources represented by the available literature. In addition, the researcher depended on designing a questionnaire composed of 27 questions that were implemented on a sample of 592 consumers. The information collected was based on a primary exploration study with the purpose of constructing and designing a study model.Many factors were inserted within study model has been developed according to literatures related to the subject. Thus, this study questionnaire consisted of six dimensions, which are the general demarketing strategy, (advertising, campaigns, perception, price, solar energyand and reference group) and the demand of electricity. The development of six hypotheses was based on the dimensions of the study.All six hypotheses were accepted as well as the seventh hypothesis, concerning the relationship of the link between the components of the study model. The statistical analysis has shown that the positive correlation between components consisted of strong correlation (positive relationship) between each component of demarketing and the reducing the demand for electricity. Researchers faced number of difficulties while conducting this study. Many consumers do not agree with the questionnaire, there is no clear understanding of the concept of reverse marketing, and there are not many studies that deal with this field. The importance of this study is reflected through the effective role of demarketing that can play in influencing the reducing of demand for electricity, and improve them, towards rationalization of electricity consumption.
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Dingle, R. V. "Further visions of Dollo’s Law through ostracods’ eyes: an essay." Journal of Micropalaeontology 28, no. 1 (May 1, 2009): 87–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jm.28.1.87.
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Abstract. In a previous paper, Dingle (2003) considered the possibility of gene reactivation leading to the re-appearance of eyes in certain blind ostracod taxa after sightedness had been lost in lineages several million years earlier. These observations were based on two marine genera found at Marion Island in the Southern Ocean (Eocene–Recent Poseidonamicus Benson, and Campanian–Recent Dutoitella Dingle) that have evolved numerous deep-water species that were/are blind. The discovery of Recent, sighted, shallow-water forms led to the suggestion that adaptive pressure from the advantages of sightedness had resulted in the reactivation of genes that allowed an evolutionary advantage to be regained (Dingle, 2003).While such transformations have not been enunciated in these terms by other micropalaeontologists, there have been tacit assumptions in the literature that similar processes do occur. Confrontation with the phylogenetic issues raised by these phenomena has so far been fudged by inconsistency, but, in this essay, further examples will be looked at to highlight the taxonomic swamp into which we are in danger of wading.One of the issues is whether such processes violate Dollo’s Law (Dollo, 1893) at the phenotypic, if not genetic, level. Dollo’s Law has been expressed in modern terms by Marshall et al. (1994) as ‘degradation of genetic information . . . sufficiently fast that genes or developmental pathways released from selective pressure will rapidly become non-functional’. Gould (1970, p. 192) preferred to call this Dollo’s ‘notion of irreversibility’, while recent accounts stress its relevance only to ‘complex characters’ (e.g. Collin & Miglietta, 2008).
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Kautish, Pradeep, and Rajesh Sharma. "Consumer values, fashion consciousness and behavioural intentions in the online fashion retail sector." International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 46, no. 10 (October 8, 2018): 894–914. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-03-2018-0060.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the underlying relationships among two distinct forms of consumer values, namely, instrumental and terminal values, fashion consciousness and behavioural intentions in the context of online fashion apparel retail sector.Design/methodology/approachA conceptual model and subsequent measurement scale were developed, grounded on in-depth review of the extensive literature and validated with customers engaged in online shopping of fashion apparels. The model was empirically examined, and a total of 395 responses were gathered from an online survey administered at a northeastern university in India. The model was validated using structural equation modelling, and a two-step approach suggested by Anderson and Gerbing (1988) was used to evaluate the measurement and structural models for the research.FindingsThe results of the study indicate that instrumental and terminal values significantly affect fashion consciousness, and fashion consciousness has a significant impact on behavioural intentions as well. The research brings out that fashion consciousness acts as a partial mediator between instrumental/terminal values and behavioural intentions. It is noteworthy that compared to terminal values instrumental values display a greater influence on both the variables fashion consciousness and behavioural intentions.Research limitations/implicationsThe conclusion of present research will notably assist the fashion retailers, online marketing researchers and experts understand the importance of terminal and instrumental values in increasing fashion consciousness, leading to strategically design campaigns for promoting and instigate consumers’ positive behavioural intentions in the best interest of the online fashion retail sector.Practical implicationsThe study results provide suggestions for competitive marketing strategies for online fashion companies operating in the emerging markets like India.Originality/valueThe present study is first of its kind attempt to use Rokeach’s (1973) two-dimensional measure of human values, in order to discover the terminal and instrumental values relationship and their influence on fashion consciousness and behavioural intentions in the online fashion retail industry.
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Aloisio, Miriam. "Impegno Ecologico: Malerba e Calvino a confronto // Environmental Commitment: Malerba and Calvino // Empeño ecológico: Malerba y Calvino." Ecozon@: European Journal of Literature, Culture and Environment 8, no. 1 (April 27, 2017): 153–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.37536/ecozona.2017.8.1.1003.
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In questo saggio si svolgerà una comparazione dei tre brevi romanzi di Calvino La formica argentina (1952), La nuvola di smog (1958), La speculazione edilizia (1957), con le opere di Malerba in cui maggiormente emerge il suo impegno ecologico: Il serpente (1966), Salto mortale (1968) e Fantasmi romani (2006). Tra questi romanzi che trattano con nerbo la tematica etico-ambientale, esiste un dialogo molto forte a livello testuale e ideologico, certamente maturato dall’amicizia e dagli scambi tra i due autori. Malerba e Calvino, uomini di città cresciuti però in stretto rapporto con la campagna, si rivelano attenti osservatori dei mutamenti economici, antropologici e ambientali che l’Italia subiva nell’epoca del boom. Lontana da qualsiasi lirismo romantico e da sentimenti nostalgici per un mitico passato, la relazione tra letteratura e ambiente affiora nei testi come una forma di denuncia ecologica contro inquinamento, speculazione edilizia e sottomissione degli organismi non-umani. Sia Malerba sia Calvino si fanno portavoce della necessità di smascherare le ideologie dominanti e boicottare le logiche binarie come natura / cultura. Nella battaglia che inscenano tra umano e non-umano emerge la loro prospettiva “ecocentrica” che attribuisce un valore intrinseco ad ogni organismo vivente e al loro spazio naturale a prescindere dalla loro utilità e profitto per l’essere umano. Abstract This essay compares Italo Calvino’s short novels La Formica Argentina (1952), La Nuvola di Smog (1958), and La Speculazione Edilizia (1957), with Luigi Malerba’s works, in which his strong environmental consciousness most comes to light: Il Serpente (1966), Salto Mortale (1968) and Fantasmi Romani (2006). These works engage in a textual and ideological “ecocentric” dialogue about the environment and society, which was certainly the result of the close friendship and professional exchanges between the two authors. This project thus participates in ecocriticism through an investigation of the textual and ideological dialogue between these texts. Rather than merely romantic lyricism and feelings of nostalgia for the mythical past, the relationship between literature and the environment emerges in the texts as a form of ecological denunciation against pollution, building development, and the subjugation of non-human organisms. Malerba and Calvino, city men who spent their upbringing in close contact with nature, reveal themselves to be attentive observers of the economical, anthropological, and environmental changes that Italy underwent in the period known as the economic boom. Both Malerba and Calvino bring to the fore the urgency to unmask dominant ideologies and to boycott perceived binary oppositions of nature versus culture. Through these texts, they stage a battle between the human and non-human, bringing together their “ecocentric” perspective with their goal of bestowing an intrinsic value to every living organism and their natural space. Resumen Este ensayo compara tres novelas cortas de Italo Calvino La formica argentina (1952), La nuvola di smog (1958), La speculazione edilizia (1957), con las obras de Luigi Malerba, en las que más manifiesta su empeño ecológico: Il serpente (1966), Salto mortale (1968) e Fantasmi romani (2006). Entre estas novelas, que tratan con vigor la temática ético-medioambientalista, existe un diálogo muy fuerte a un nivel textual e ideológico, ciertamente madurado desde la amistad y los intercambios entre los dos autores. Malerba y Calvino, hombres de ciudad pero que crecieron en cercano contacto con la naturaleza, se revelan cuidadosos observadores de los mutaciones económicas, antropológicas y medioambientales que el Italia sufría en la época del boom de los años cincuenta y sesenta. Lejana de cualquier lirismo romántico y de sentimientos nostálgicos por un pasado mítico, la relación entre literatura y medio ambiente aparece en los textos como una forma de denuncia ecológica contra la contaminación, la especulación edil y la sumisión de los organismos no-humanos. Tanto Malerba como Calvino devienen portavoces de la necesitad de desenmascarar las ideologías dominantes y boicotear las lógicas binarias como naturaleza / cultura. En la lucha que escenifican entre el humano y no-humano emerge su perspectiva “ecocéntrica” que atribuye un valor intrínseco a cada organismo viviente y a su espacio natural sin importar los beneficios económicos.
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Gaudiosi, Germana, Giuliana Alessio, Rosa Nappi, Valentina Noviello, Efisio Spiga, and Sabina Porfido. "Evaluation of Damages to the Architectural Heritage of Naples as a Result of the Strongest Earthquakes of the Southern Apennines." Applied Sciences 10, no. 19 (October 1, 2020): 6880. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10196880.
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The city of Naples (Campanian region, Southern Italy) has been hit by the strongest earthquakes located inside the seismogenic areas of the Southern Apennines, as well as by the volcano-tectonic earthquakes of the surrounding areas of the Campi Flegrei, Ischia and Vesuvius volcanic districts. An analysis of the available seismic catalogues shows that in the last millennium, more than 100 earthquakes have struck Naples with intensities rating I to III on the Mercalli–Cancani–Sieberg (MCS) scale over the felt level. Ten of these events have exceeded the damage level, with a few of these possessing an intensity greater than VII MCS. The catastrophic earthquakes of 1456 (I0 = XI MCS), 1688 (I0 = XI MCS) and 1805 (I0 = X MCS) occurred in the Campania–Molise Apennines chain, produced devastating effects on the urban heritage of the city of Naples, reaching levels of damage equal to VIII MCS. In the 20th century, the city of Naples was hit by three strong earthquakes in 1930 (I0 = X MCS), 1962 (I0 = IX MCS) and 1980 (I0 = X MCS), all with epicenters in the Campania and Basilicata regions. The last one is still deeply engraved in the collective memory, having led to the deaths of nearly 3000 individuals and resulted in the near-total destruction of some Apennine villages. Moreover, the city of Naples has also been hit by ancient historical earthquakes that originated in the Campanian volcanic districts of Campi Flegrei, Vesuvio and Ischia, with intensities up to VII–VIII MCS (highest in the Vesuvian area). Based on the intensity and frequency of its past earthquakes, the city of Naples is currently classified in the second seismic category, meaning that it is characterized by “seismicity of medium energy”. In this paper, we determine the level of damage suffered by Naples and its monuments as a result of the strongest earthquakes that have hit the city throughout history, highlighting its repetitiveness in some areas. To this aim, we reconstructed the seismic history of some of the most representative urban monuments, using documentary and historical sources data related to the effects of strong earthquakes of the Southern Apennines on the city of Naples. The ultimate purpose of this study is to perform a seismic macro-zoning of the ancient center of city and reduce seismic risk. Our contribution represents an original elaboration on the existing literature by creating a damage-density map of the strongest earthquakes and highlighting, for the first time, the areas of the city of Naples that are most vulnerable to strong earthquakes in the future. These data could be of fundamental importance to the construction of detailed maps of seismic microzones. Our study contributes to the mitigation of seismic risk in the city of Naples, and provides useful advice that can be used to protect the historical heritage of Naples, whose historical center is a UNESCO World Heritage site.
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Twardowski, M. S., H. Claustre, S. A. Freeman, D. Stramski, and Y. Huot. "Optical backscattering properties of the "clearest" natural waters." Biogeosciences 4, no. 6 (November 29, 2007): 1041–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-4-1041-2007.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. During the BIOSOPE field campaign October–December 2004, measurements of inherent optical properties from the surface to 500 m depth were made with a ship profiler at stations covering over 8000 km through the Southeast Pacific Ocean. Data from a ~3000 km section containing the very clearest waters in the central gyre are reported here. The total volume scattering function at 117°, βt(117°), was measured with a WET Labs ECO-BB3 sensor at 462, 532, and 650 nm with estimated uncertainties of 2×10-5, 5×10-6, and 2×10-6 m−1 sr−1, respectively. These values were approximately 6%, 3%, and 3% of the volume scattering by pure seawater at their respective wavelengths. From a methodological perspective, there were several results: – distributions were resolvable even though some of the values from the central gyre were an order of magnitude lower than the lowest previous measurements in the literature; – Direct in-situ measurements of instrument dark offsets were necessary to accurately resolve backscattering at these low levels; – accurate pure seawater backscattering values are critical in determining particulate backscattering coefficients in the open ocean (not only in these very clear waters); the pure water scattering values determined by Buiteveld et al. (1994) with a [1+0.3S/37] adjustment for salinity based on Morel (1974) appear to be the most accurate estimates, with aggregate accuracies as low as a few percent; and – closure was demonstrated with subsurface reflectance measurements reported by Morel et al. (2007) within instrument precisions, a useful factor in validating the backscattering measurements. This methodology enabled several observations with respect to the hydrography and the use of backscattering as a biogeochemical proxy: –The clearest waters sampled were found at depths between 300 and 350 m, from 23.5° S, 118° W to 26° S, 114° W, where total backscattering at 650 nm was not distinguishable from pure seawater; –Distributions of particulate backscattering bbp across the central gyre exhibited a broad particle peak centered ~100 m; –The particulate backscattering ratio typically ranged between 0.4% and 0.6% at 650 nm through the majority of the central gyre from the surface to ~210 m, indicative of "soft" water-filled particles with low bulk refractive index; and – bbp showed a distinct secondary deeper layer centered ~230 m that was absent in particulate attenuation cp data. The particulate backscattering ratio was significantly higher in this layer than in the rest of the water column, reaching 1.2% in some locations. This high relative backscattering, along with the pigment composition and ecological niche of this layer, appear to be consistent with the coccolithophorid Florisphaera profunda. Moreover, results were consistent with several expectations extrapolated from theory and previous work in oceanic and coastal regions, supporting the conclusion that particulate and total backscattering could be resolved in these extremely clear natural waters.
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Twardowski, M. S., H. Claustre, S. A. Freeman, D. Stramski, and Y. Huot. "Optical backscattering properties of the "clearest" natural waters." Biogeosciences Discussions 4, no. 4 (July 30, 2007): 2441–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-4-2441-2007.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. During the BIOSOPE field campaign October–December 2004, measurements of inherent optical properties from the surface to 500 m depth were made with a ship profiler at stations covering over ~8000 km through the Southeast Pacific Ocean. Data from a ~3000 km section containing the very clearest waters in the central gyre are reported here. The total volume scattering function at 117°, βt(117°), was measured with a WET Labs ECO-BB3 sensor at 462, 532, and 650 nm with estimated uncertainties of 2×10−5, 5×10−6, and 2×10−6 m−1 sr−1, respectively. These values were approximately 6%, 3%, and 3% of the scattering by pure seawater at their respective wavelengths. From a methodological perspective, there were several results: – bbp distributions were resolvable even though some of the values from the central gyre were an order of magnitude lower than the lowest previous measurements in the literature; – Direct in-situ measurements of instrument dark offsets were necessary to accurately resolve backscattering at these low levels; – accurate pure seawater backscattering values are critical in determining particulate backscattering coefficients in the open ocean (not only in these very clear waters); the pure water scattering values determined by Buiteveld et al. (1994) with a [1 + 0.3S/37] adjustment for salinity based on Morel (1974) appear to be the most accurate estimates, with aggregate accuracies as low as a few percent; and – closure was demonstrated with subsurface reflectance measurements reported by Morel et al. (2007) within instrument precisions, a useful factor in validating the backscattering measurements. This methodology enabled several observations with respect to the hydrography and the use of backscattering as a biogeochemical proxy: – The clearest waters sampled were found at depths between 300 and 350 m, from 23.5° S, 118° W to 26° S, 114° W, where total backscattering at 650 nm was not distinguishable from pure seawater; – Distributions of particulate backscattering bbp across the central gyre exhibited a broad particle peak centered ~100 m; – The particulate backscattering ratio typically ranged between 0.4% and 0.6% through the majority of the central gyre from the surface to ~210 m, indicative of "soft" water-filled particles with low bulk refractive index; and – bbp at 532 and 650 nm showed a distinct secondary deeper layer centered ~230 m that was absent in particulate attenuation cp data. The particulate backscattering ratio was significantly higher in this layer than in the rest of the water column, reaching 1.2% in some locations. This high relative backscattering, along with the pigment composition and ecological niche of this layer, appear to be consistent with the coccolithophorid F. profunda. Moreover, results were consistent with several expectations extrapolated from theory and previous work in oceanic and coastal regions, supporting the conclusion that particulate and total backscattering could be resolved in these extremely clear natural waters.
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Mezei, Regina. "Somali Language and Literacy." Language Problems and Language Planning 13, no. 3 (January 1, 1989): 211–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.13.3.01mez.
Full textAbstract:
RESUMO La Somalia lingvo kaj alfabetigo La 21-an de oktobro 1972, la dekdujara registaro de Somalio finis jam longan debaton kaj decidiĝis pri latina alfabeto por reprezenti la sonojn de la Somalia lingvo. Antaŭe, la somalian oni pludonis de generacio al generacio per buŝa tradicio sen skriba formo, dum la urbanigita, klera elito skribis angle, itale aŭ arabe. Plejparte la lando restis analfabeta je nivelo de 90% ĝis 95%. Post starigo de la oficiala ortografio, signifaj sanĝoj okazis en la lernejoj, kaj oni lancis nacian alfabetigan kampanjon, kiu atingis ankaŭ la somaliajn nomadojn. Mezlernejanoj fariĝis instruistoj en la servo de la stato, la amasmedioj prezentis specialajn programojn kaj lecionojn, anoj de la registaro kaj la armeo estis devigataj lerni la lingvon, kaj plenkreskula edukado trovis lokon en la eduka sistemo. Takso de la Somalia kleriga kampanjo prezentas varian bildon. Kvankam la registaro en Mogadiŝu pretendis 60-procentan alfabetecon post la kampanjo de la mezaj 70-aj jaroj, tiu cifero estas pridubinda, kaj pli aktualaj studoj sugestas, ke la nuna alfabeteco povus esti ne pli ol 30 % . Tamen, tiu cifero altas en Afriko, kaj konsistigas signifan atingon en nomada socio plagumita laŭvice de sekeco, malrico kaj militaj konfliktoj. Nedisputata estas la sukcesa konverto de la lernejoj, de la elementa nivelo gis la Nacia Universitato, al la Somalia lingvo kiel instrumedio, cio ci kun signifa kresko de la nombro de lernejanoj. En la skribo de la lingvo, somaliaj ortografoj liveris la rimedojn, per kiuj lingvo bazita je paŝta vortaro povus esti vastigita por plenumi la lingvajn bezonojn de moderniĝanta socio. Tion ili faris ĉefe per ekspluato de la apartaj strukturo kaj dinamismo de la somalia. Krome, la Somalia "literaturo," precipe la poezio, estis nun transdonebla en skriba formo, tiel garantiante pliajn generaciojn de pluvivo. Certe, la Somalia sperto estas unika. Tamen, ĝi proponas valorajn enrigardojn en ling-voinstruadon kaj alfabetigon en ĉiuj kulturoj, emfazante la gravecon de forta registara engaĝiĝo, uzo de la amasmedio, starigo de alfabetiga korpuso, utiligo de arta esprimiĝo, kaj rekono de ortografio kiel ŝlosila elemento en lernado. SOMMARIO Lingua ed alfabetismo somalesi Il 21 Ottobre del 1972, il giovane governo somalese, al potere da solo 12 anni, ha risolto un dibatito interminabile; cioè, il governo decise di adoperare grafemi latini per rap-presentare fonemi somalesi. Generazioni anterior tramandavano la loro lingua oralmente, mentre l'elite della nazione si serviva dell'inglese, dell'italiano o dell'arabo per le loro co-municazioni scritte. Per il resto del paese il tasso dell'analfabetismo toccava dal 90 al 95 per cento della popolazione. Stabilità l'ortografia ufficiale, cambiamenti di maggior peso si sono introdotti nelle scuole ed una lotta contro l'analfabetismo si e lanciata, arrolgendo tutti i ceti sociali, anche quello nomade. Studenti di liceo diventarono insegnanti, i mass media presentarono pro-grammi e lezioni particolari, impiegati statali e dipendenti militari furono costretti ad im-parare la lingua e scuole per adulti si formarono in tutto il paese. Una valutazione di questi sforzi svolti dalle autorità somalesi nella loro lotta contro l'analfabetismo ci rende risultati ambigui. Benchè il governo centrale abbia rivendicato che l'alfabetismo sia salito a circa 60 per cento dopo la suddetta campagna alla meta degli anni settanta, le cifre sono state contestate da critici competenti e ricerche recenti suggeriscono che l'attuale tasso di alfabetismo sfiori il 30 per cento. Nonostante ciò, il tasso e segnalatamente elevato quando lo si paragona con altri paesi africani. In somma, l'ultima cifra mostra chiaramente un notevole successo, particolarmente se si rende conto che quella società nomade era nel contempo afflitta da povertà perenne, lotte intestine continue, e da una seccita durante decenni. In oltre, nessuno, nemmeno i più accaniti critici, può mettere in dubbio ne'lla riuscita inserzione della lingua nazionale a tutti i livelli dell'insegnamento, dalle scuole elementari fino all'università, né l'aumento cospicuo delle matricolazioni. Nello scrivere della loro lingua, gli ortografi somalesi hanno saputo sfruttare gli elementi strutturali e dinamici della lingua nazionale, fornendo mezzi con cui trasformare una lingua fondamentalmente nomade e pastorale. Per runderla più risponsiva ai bisogni di una società in via di trasformazione. Altro fatto notevole è che la letteratura di questo popolo, particolarmente la sua poesia, fin allera tramandata oralmente, oggi e documen-tata, così assicurandosi la sopravvivenza fra generazioni futuri. L'esperienza somalese ci può sembrare un caso unico, ma, infatti, ci presenta con alcuni informazioni pregeroli sull'insegnamento e la diffusione di una lingua. Mette in rilievo l'importanza dell'impegnamento decisivo di un governo, lo sfruttamento utile e sagace dei mass media e quello d'un corpo d'insegnanti, l'uso didattico dell'espressività artistica, e in fine, Fimpostazione di uno standard ortografico—tutti funzioni essenziali per Finsegnamento e Fapprendimento in qualunque centesto culturale.
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Vysoven, Oksana. "REPRESSIVE PSYCHIATRY AS PUNITIVE AND CORRECTIVE REMEDY IN THE FIGHT AGAINST ACTIVE MEMBERS OF THE BRANCH OF THE EASTERN CHRISTIAN BAPTIST (SECOND HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY)." Journal of Ukrainian History, no. 39 (2019): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2522-4611.2019.39.9.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of the study is to unbiased analysis of sources and literature on the use of psychiatry in punitive and repressive purposes in the Ukrainian SSR. The article uses the following methods of research: comparative-historical, typologies, classifications, problem-chronological, etc. The first works in which the facts of the struggle of the totalitarian system with the active members of the brotherhood of the ECB began to be publicized by means of repressive psychiatry were the self-published bulletins that were periodical and published in the 70's and 80's. Soviet researchers did not mention in their works the facts of torture of believers by means of repressive medicine. Modern scholars, especially specialists in the field of psychiatry, partially re-thought and reinterpreted the crimes of repressive medicine over dissent and active members of the brotherhood of the ECB. At the same time, there is no comprehensive scientific-historical research about punitive psychiatry as a form of struggle against political opponents, and in particular with active members of the ECB in the second half of the twentieth century. There is no time for this, so we will try to fill this gap somewhat.The study found that the systematic use of psychiatry for the imprisonment of dissidents in a psychiatric hospital began in the late 1950's in connection with mass rehabilitation of political prisoners who, after returning from places of detention, openly opposed all kinds of abuse of power, lack of freedom of conscience and religion; it is proved that the Soviet regime under the psychiatric repressions was summed up the theoretical and legal basis, that led to the list of restrictions on so-called mentally ill: in professional capacity and in general, in capacity, in correspondence and many others, even if they were not brought to criminal responsibility; it was shown that in the 70-80s of the XX century. punitive and repressive machine of the totalitarian system, in the name of the leaders of the security forces and their analysts with maniacal zeal, developed anti-human torture for dissenters, the main role in their humiliation now relied on psychiatrists and their Jesuit methods based on the so-called «innovative» teaching of the Moscow school of psychiatrists A. Snezhevsky about «slowed down schizophrenia», this diagnosis was recognized only in the USSR and its satellites. Under the diagnosis of «delayed schizophrenia» could fall anyone who somehow expressed dissatisfaction with the actions of the ruling regime. It was found out that in the late 70's of the twentieth century threats with a psychiatric hospital to active believers have become systemic, especially the secret services have been pressured on the members of the Council of the Relatives of the ECB Prison, who were engaged in printing and publishing crimes of totalitarian power against humanity and freedom of conscience and religion; it is proved that in the early 1970's reports of unjustified hospitalization of political and religious dissidents in psychiatric hospitals reached the West and the United States. In order to prevent an international scandal, the leadership of a totalitarian state, together with intelligence agencies, decided to set up a group of advocacy specialists who also developed a plan of major measures to expose anti-Soviet slander campaign on so-called «political abuses» in psychiatry; in spite of the measures taken by the leadership and special services of the totalitarian regime, regarding the debunking of the so-called «myths about punitive medicine in the USSR,» the international community has gathered a lot of facts and interviewed persons over which there were inhumane torture in medical institutions throughout the communist state, which proved to be evidence the fact that the USSR in the 70's and 80's of the twentieth century the main method of combating dissent was the repressive psychiatry.
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Kuzmina, O. A. "“The House That Jack Built” by Jessie L. Gaynor as an example of an English language operetta for children." Aspects of Historical Musicology 15, no. 15 (September 15, 2019): 231–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.34064/khnum2-15.12.
Full textAbstract:
Background. The children’s opera in all its diversity has undergone a rapid path to its formation and development, responding to changes in the art and aesthetic space of musical culture. The active being and the practical use of this phenomenon only emphasize the gaps in musicology science more acutely. Some researchers combine with the notion of «children’s opera» both works that involve children to participate in the performing process, and those which are aimed at a certain age audience. Other authors put the term «opera for children» as universal, but use it to describe various works. However, if the information about this genre is contained in the scientifi c literature, research on opera for children-performers analogue, children’s operetta which was formed and used by considerable demand in the late 19th – in the fi rst half of the 20th century in the English-speaking countries, is practically absent. This determines the relevance of the chosen subject. Objectives. The objective of this study is to consider the features of the libretto, the compositional and dramaturgical properties of the children’s operetta by J. L. Gaynor The House that Jack Built as one of the English-language samples of the genre. Methods. So far these methods were been applied: historical, structural and functional, comparative. Results. It is diffi cult to indicate the exact date of the children’s operetta emergence. It is known from available literature that it became widespread in the 1880s. In the following decades, the popularity of children’s operettas does not fade, rather, it only grows. The school authorities even were worried about such an intensity of extracurricular work. However, this fact did not affect the number of performances. There are books containing instructions and guidance, tips on probable diffi culties that could be faced by fi rst-time directors. In particular, it was recommended to divide responsibilities between school departments and draw up a general plan of action. Attention was paid to organizing an advertising campaign to attract as many viewers as possible. With such performance enthusiasm, there was a certain lack of repertoire written specifi cally for children and adolescents. Not surprisingly, the music teachers sought to replenish it. Among them was an American piano and harmony teacher Jessie Lovel Smith Gaynor (1863–1921) who composed The House that Jack Built (1902). This is not the only sample of children’s operetta in the heritage of J. L. Gaynor, she wrote a few more works, mostly after fairy tales: The Lost Princess Bo-Peep (its plot matches Jack’s one), The Toy Shop, Snow White, The Magic Wheel, Three Wishes, The Return of Proserpina, and On Plymouth Rock. The libretto of The House that Jack Built, written by A. G. D. Riley, is compiled on the basis of nursery rhymes, which are an integral part of the English-speaking countries culture. The operetta includes 24 folklore texts (full or fragmented): poems, two counters, and a ballad. To organize the plot, the librettist used the «stringing» method, or the cumulative principle, joining each subsequent element to the previous one with the help of the Mother Goose’s recitative lines. She is the key character, who greets and introduces new guests at her party. This principle is refl ected in the organization of the whole operetta. Mother Gooses’ cues are a refrain similar to the poem The House that Jack Built. Each character is not related to the previous one or the next, they are united only by belonging to the images of folk poetry. Since the libretto is mainly based on miniatures (with one or two verses), there are many participants of the performance: 43 characters, 21 thrushes, and collective characters, the number of which is not specifi ed precisely. There is no plot in common sense – as a series of related events built in accordance with certain principles – in The House that Jack Built. Rather, it reminds the carnival procession, in which characters are appearing one by one. They have bright, sometimes extravagant costumes, which vary with the speed of the pattern in the kaleidoscope. The structure of the operetta is simple and clear. It consists of two acts, divided into 19 big numbers (9 in the fi rst action, 10 in the second), which are often built in the form of a suite. The balance among solo-ensemble and choral numbers in The House that Jack Built is unequal. The choruses prevail in the operetta (there are about 20 of them). It is diffi cult to name the exact number because the author does not always clarify the exact cast. Solo and ensemble numbers are 4 times fewer; in addition, there are 2 numbers in the 2d act, in which the soloist and choir sing together. To achieve compositional and dramatic unity, there was a need to involve additional means in addition to the cross-cutting image of Mother Goose, since the Jack’s plot is deprived of the consistent development of events. This function is performed by several themes: «fairy tale» (in the future it is associated with the appearance of fairies and elves), «pastoral» (its emergence is marked by the remark Andante Pastorale), the theme of Jack, the dance motive, and the theme of King Cole. They are exhibited in the overture for the fi rst time. When the act begins, they are joined by the themes of Mother Goose and Thrushes. For the fi rst time, most of the themes are conducted in the overture. This determines the suite character of its structure: 6 episodes that contrast with each other by tempo. The piano part plays an important role in the operetta. It presents the leading themes, the main image-bearing and poetic motives, and supports the performers in the vocal appearances. The revealed signs give grounds to consider the English-language children’s operetta a national model of opera for children-performers. Conclusions. In the English-speaking countries, particularly in the USA, at the end of the 19th – in the fi rst half of the 20th century the tradition to perform operettas at schools was formed. This works from their form and contents were similar to compositions which were called children’s operas (operas for children-performers) in Europe. An analysis of The House that Jack Built by J. L. Gaynor allows us to interpret the author’s genre name in its original linguistic meaning – «small opera». A signifi cant number of such works still remain beyond the attention of scholars and require a thorough study both in historical and in theoretical directions.
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Baylac-Paouly, Baptiste. "Confronting an Emergency: The Vaccination Campaign Against Meningitis in Brazil (1974–1975)." Social History of Medicine, December 31, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/shm/hkz120.
Full textAbstract:
Summary On the basis of a wide range of historical sources, including published scientific literature and both public and private archives (Institut Mérieux, WHO and IMTSSA), this article examines the history of the Brazilian vaccination campaign against cerebrospinal meningitis between 1974 and 1975. It explores not only certain aspects of vaccine production but also the wider social aspects of the ongoing project. Thus, it shows how the different actors were mobilised and their work coordinated in order to produce and vaccinate a whole country or more specifically, 90 million Brazilians in less than a year. This episode not only adds to the scholarship on the politics of vaccination but also attests to the complex reality of the production and use of a vaccine in the context of a public health emergency.
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Oyetola, Wilfried Délé, Kanny Diallo, Katharina Kreppel, Philippe Soumahoro Kone, Esther Schelling, Bassirou Bonfoh, and Rianatou Bada Alambedji. "Factors Influencing the Transborder Transmission of Brucellosis in Cattle Between Côte d'Ivoire and Mali: Evidence From Literature and Current Key Stakeholders." Frontiers in Veterinary Science 8 (March 10, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.630580.
Full textAbstract:
Brucellosis is one of the main zoonoses affecting ruminants. Cattle and small ruminants are involved in transhumance and trade between Côte d'Ivoire and Mali. The endemic nature of the disease in both countries, connected through transhumance, poses unique challenges and requires more information to facilitate disease surveillance and the development of integrated control strategies. This study aimed to assess the main factors influencing the historical and current transborder transmission of brucellosis between Côte d'Ivoire and Mali. A literature review was conducted and data collection was performed through a participatory, transdisciplinary process by holding focus group discussions and interviews with key stakeholders. Cattle breeders, herdsmen, professionals of animal and human health, border control agents and experts took part. The data was analyzed to generate essential new knowledge for transborder brucellosis transmission factors and control strategies. From the literature, the seroprevalence of brucellosis in both countries varied from 11% (1987) to 20% (2013) and 15% (1972–1973) to 5% (2012–2014) in Mali and Côte d'Ivoire, respectively. The reduction of seroprevalence in Côte d'Ivoire was the result of the annual vaccination campaigns which lowered it from 28% (1978) to 14% (1984) after an increase due to livestock policy implemented in 1976. The meta-analysis and interviews jointly showed that the cross-border mobility was associated with the livestock development policy in Côte d'Ivoire as well as the ECOWAS act on the free movement of people and goods. This act supported the seasonal transhumance of livestock for access to pasture land in southern humid zones in Côte d'Ivoire. The seasonal mobility for grazing and trade was the main risk factor for the spread of brucellosis between pastoral zones of both countries. The existing legal health framework and border control mechanism do not achieve transborder surveillance to control brucellosis. Existing sanitary regulations should be adapted at regional scale to integrate a joint surveillance of high priority zoonotic diseases like brucellosis at border controls.
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Soegov, Muradgeldi. "Les écrivains djadides turkmènes A. Kulmuhammedov et O. Vepaev sur eux-mêmes et sur leur époque." Slovo The autobiographical..., Hors-Dossiers (April 6, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.46298/slovo.2017.3251.
Full textAbstract:
International audience в статье раскрывается вопросы жизни и деятельности Туркменскиx писателeй-джадидoв А. Кульмухаммедова (1885-1931), наряду с О. Вепаевым (1885-1937). На основе выдержек из стихов О. Вепаева О. Тачназаров (1902–1942), со стороны бригады по проверкетуркменской литературы выступил большой рецензией под названием «Лицо врага» в журналe «Туркменоведение» за 1931 год гдe oн дает крайне отрицательную оценку его отношениям к советской действительности. Вслед за О. Тачназаровым исследователи советского периода характеризовали А. Кульмухаммедова и О. Вепаева как ярые националисты, пантюркисты и враги народа. Начиная с конца восьмидесятых годов прошлого века, постепенно начались меняться оценки ученых в положительную сторону в отношении литературного наследия указанных авторов. This article presents some aspects of the life and the work of two Turkmen Jadid writers, A. Kulmuhammedov (1885-1931) and O. Vepaev (1885-1937), who were severely attacked in 1931 by the Brigade of the verification of the literature, and notably by O. Tachnazarov (1902-1942). He wrote long articles in the journal “Turkmen Studies” (Turkmenovedenie), where he denounced O. Vepaev as an enemy of the Soviet power based on some citations of his poems. During the entire Soviet period, the literary critics continued to give a very negative interpretation, as Tachnazarov did, of the writings of A. Kulmuhammedov and O. Vepaev, who were characterized as nationalists, panturkists, and enemies of the people. This is only by the end of the 1980’s that scholars have gradually changed their mind about these two writers, and that some positive judgement about their literary legacy started tobe published. cet article éclaire quelques aspects de la vie et de l’oeuvre de deux écrivains djadides turkmènes, A. Kulmuhammedov (1885-1931) et O. Vepaev (1885-1937), qui furent l’objet d’une campagne de dénonciation par la brigade de vérification de la littérature turkmène en 1931, notamment de la part d’O. Tačnazarov (1902-1942). Dans la revue « Études turkmènes » (Turkmenovedenie), ce dernier s’appuie sur des extraits des poèmes d’O. Vepaev pour le dénoncer comme un ennemi du pouvoir soviétique. Dans l’esprit de cet article, A. Kulmuhammedov et O. Vepaev ont toujours été vus de façon très négative par les critiques littéraires de toute la période soviétique, qui ont continué de les caractériser comme des nationalistes, des panturquistes et des ennemis du peuple. Ce n’est qu’à partir de la fin des années 1980 qu’on a commencé à changer d’avis sur ces auteurs et à porter un jugement positif sur leur legs littéraire.
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Wohlfarth, Irving. "Le futur antérieur de Ce qui reste." Arcadia 48, no. 1 (June 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/arcadia-2013-0008.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractWritten in 1978–79 and published shortly after the fall of the Berlin wall, Christa Wolf’s novella What remains records the interior monologue of a day in the life of a cautiously dissident writer under surveillance by the secret police. A latter-day Cassandra here asks herself what remains of the Communist project amidst its ongoing extinction. Subjected at the time to an ideologically motivated media campaign in West Germany, this report from a no man’s land – a No place. Nowhere – between East and West remains as valid under global capitalism as it was under Soviet communism. What remains is its search for political, existential and literary alternatives. Its botched reception ironically confirms W. H. Auden’s remark that we don’t read major literature: it “reads us”.