Academic literature on the topic 'Campanulina panicula'

AbstractThis paper introduces eight ornamental perennial garden escapees that were recorded by the authors of this article on Lucavsala Island, Riga (Latvia) in 2016. Our data on Achillea ptarmica cv. ‘Boule de Neige’, Artemisia ludoviciana, Asclepias syriaca, Campanula lactiflora, Heliopsis helianthoides, Lathyrus latifolius, Phlox paniculata and Rudbeckia hirta contribute to the knowledge about the occurrence of these taxa in wild. All these species are also growing in the collection of ornamental perennials in the Botanical Garden of the University of Latvia. A review of these species in Latvian herbarium collections has been conducted. Five species, Heliopsis helianthoides, Artemisia ludoviciana, Campanula lactiflora, Lathyrus latifolius, Phlox paniculata, were observed for the first time outside cultivation forming relatively stable, reproducing populations. Two species, Achillea ptarmica multiplex cultivar and Rudbeckia hirta, were previously observed in seminatural habitats and, thus, considered as casual aliens at the naturalization stage. One of the species, Asclepias syriaca, was considered a new to Latvia casual alien species with high potential of invasiveness.

Each year a wide variety of new cultivars and species are evaluated in the National Cut Flower Trial Programs administered by North Carolina State University and the Association of Specialty Cut Flower Growers. Stems of promising and productive cultivars from the National Trial Program were pretreated with either a commercial hydrating solution or deionized (DI) water and placed in either a commercial holding solution or DI water. Over 8 years, the vase life of 121 cultivars representing 47 cut flower genera was determined. Although there was cultivar variation within each genus, patterns of postharvest responses have emerged. The largest category, with 53 cultivars, was one in which a holding preservative increased vase life of the following genera and species: acidanthera (Gladiolus murielae), basil (Ocimum basilicum), bee balm (Monarda hybrid), black-eyed susan (Rudbeckia hybrids), campanula (Campanula species), celosia (Celosia argentea), common ninebark (Physocarpus opulifolius), coneflower (Echinacea purpurea), coral bells (Heuchera hybrids), feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium), foxglove (Digitalis purpurea), ladybells (Adenophora hybrid), lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum), lobelia (Lobelia hybrids), obedient plant (Physostegia virginiana), ornamental pepper (Capsicum annuum), pincushion flower (Scabiosa atropurpurea), pinkflower (Indigofera amblyantha), seven-sons flower (Heptacodium miconioides), shasta daisy (Leucanthemum superbum), sunflower (Helianthus annuus), snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus), sweet william (Dianthus hybrids), trachelium (Trachelium caeruleum), and zinnia (Zinnia elegans). Hydrating preservatives increased the vase life of four basils, coral bells, and sunflower cultivars. The combined use of hydrator and holding preservatives increased the vase life of three black-eyed susan, seven-sons flower, and sunflower cultivars. Holding preservatives reduced the vase life of 14 cultivars of the following genera and species: ageratum (Ageratum houstonianum), false queen anne's lace (Ammi species), knotweed (Persicaria hybrid), lisianthus, pineapple lily (Eucomis comosa), sneezeweed (Helenium autumnale), yarrow (Achillea millifolium), and zinnia. Hydrating preservatives reduced the vase life of 18 cultivars of the following genera and species: feverfew, lisianthus, ornamental pepper, pineapple lily, seven-sons flower, shasta daisy, sneezeweed, sweet william, sunflower, trachelium, yarrow, and zinnia. The combined use of hydrating and holding preservatives reduced the vase life of 12 cultivars in the following genera and species: false queen anne's lace, feverfew, pincushion flower, sneezeweed, sunflower, trachelium, yarrow, and zinnia. Data for the remaining 50 cultivars were not significant among the treatments; these genera and species included beautyberry (Callicarpa americana), black-eyed susan, blue mist (Caryopteris clandonensis), calendula (Calendula officinalis), campanula, cleome (Cleome hasserliana), common ninebark, dahlia (Dahlia hybrids), delphinium (Delphinium hybrids), flowering peach (Prunus persica forma versicolor), heliopsis (Heliopsis helianthoides), hemp agrimony (Eupatorium cannabinum), himalayan honeysuckle (Leycesteria formosa), hydrangea (Hydrangea paniculata), larkspur (Consolida hybrids), lily of the nile (Agapanthus hybrid), lisianthus, lobelia, ornamental pepper, pineapple lily, scented geranium (Pelargonium hybrid), sunflower, sweet william, and zinnia.

The effect of DICA (50 mg·liter-1), BCDMH (12 mg available chlorine/liter), and HQC (250 mg-liter]) on the longevity of 14 popular cut flower species was assessed. Longevity was significantly extended in: Rosa hybrida L. `Gabrielle' and Scilla campanulata L. Squill. by all germicides; Lilium parkmannii L. `Nepal', Gerbera jamesonii L. `Mercy', and Narcissus tazetta L. `Fortune' by DICA and BCDMH; Gypsophila paniculata L. `R22' by DICA and HQC; and Freesia hybrida Eckl. ex Klatt `White Bergunden' by BCDMH. No effect on longevity was found in Dendranthema grandiflora (Ramat) Kitamura. `Horim', Dianthus caryophyllus L. `Medea', Dianthus barbatus L., Iris hollandica L. `Pearl', and Gerbera jamesonii L. `Double Delight'. Longevity was significantly reduced by DICA in Alstroemeria aurantiaca L. `Mona Lisa' and Tulipa hybrida L. `Apeldoorn'. Analysis of microbial concentrations showed that proliferation was effectively controlled by DICA and BCDMH, but not by HQC. Levels of up to 106 cfu·ml-1 were detected in water, indicating that species not affected by germicides can tolerate these microbial quantities. Fresh weight and solution uptake data indicated that germicides acted primarily by improving solution uptake. Longevity was significantly reduced in R. hybrida `Gabrielle' and D. caryophyllus `Medea' flowers placed in solutions containing high counts of microorganisms (>108 cfu·ml-1) isolated from D. caryophyllus or R. hybrida. Chemical names used: 1-bromo-3-chloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (BCDMH); sodium dichloroisocyanuric acid (DICA); 8-hydroxyquinoline citrate (HQC).

A review of the classification of pine forests (dominated by two-needle pines of the subgenus Diploxylon) of Russia using the Braun-Blanquet approach was carried out. All diversity of pine forests was included in 9 higher units – vegetation classes, of which 3 classes represent typical communities dominated by pine species (Erico–Pinetea Horvat 1959, Koelerio glaucae–Pinetea sylvestris Ermakov class nova hoc loco, Junipero–Pinetea Rivas-Mart. 1965). In the remaining six classes (Vaccinio–Piceetea Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl.et al. 1939, Carpino–Fagetea Jakucs et Passarge 1968, Quercetea pubescentis Doing-Kraft ex Scamoni et Passarge 1959, Brachypodio–Betuletea Ermakov et al. 1991, Rhytidio–Laricetea Korotkov et Ermakov 1999 and Quercetea mongolicae Song ex Krestov et al. 2006), pine forests are represented as special higher categories (alliances, orders) along with other types of zonal and non-zonal forest vegetation. The characteristics of the main higher units (classes, orders and alliances) are presented, as well as their diagnostic features and problems of classification of some categories are discussed. As a result of the syntaxonomic revision, the name of the class Pyrolo–Pinetea sylvestris Korneck 1974 was rejected, since the alliance Cytiso–Pinion sylvestris Krausch 1962 (the only alliance of order Pulsatillo–Pinetalia Oberd. in Oberd. et al. 1967) was proposed in the original article as provisional (3b). It is proposed to include xerophilous psammophilous pine forests of Europe and Western Siberia into a new class Koelerio glaucae–Pinetea sylvestris class nova hoc loco. The nomenclature type of the class (holotypus) is the order Koelerio glaucae–Pinetalia sylvestris Ermakov 1999. Diagnostic species of the class are Festuca beckeri, Gypsophylla altissima, G. paniculata, Jurinea cyanoides, Koeleria glauca, Oxytropis campanulata, Potentilla humifusa, Veronica spicata, Silene baschkirorum, S. chlorantha, Stipa pennata subsp. sabuletorum, Helichrysum arenarium, Centaurea arenaria, C. marschalliana, Achillea gebleri, Genista tinctoria, Cytisus ruthenica, C. borystenica, Hieracium pilosella, Dianthus arenarius.

Abstract Six different preemergence herbicides were used with eight different plant species to evaluate weed control efficacy and possible phytotoxicity. The species used were Stachys byzantina C. Koch (lamb's ears), Campanula persicifolia L. (peachleaf bellflower), Achillea millefolium L. ‘Summer Pastel’ (common yarrow), Coreopsis lanceolata L. (Lance coreopsis), Gypsophila pacifica Kom. (baby's breath), Wisteria sinensis Sims (Chinese wisteria), Syringa vulgaris L. (common lilac), Phlox paniculata L. (perennial phlox), Dahlia Cav. x hybrida (garden dahlia). Herbicides were applied to the soil surface at rates of lx and 2x as recommended by the label. The herbicides and rates were as follows: Pennant (Dual) 7.8 Liquid, 4.6, 9.1 kg ai/ha (4, 8 lb ai/A); Gallery 75DF, 1.1, 2.3 kg ai/ha (1, 2 lb ai/A); Ronstar 2G, 4.5, 9.0 kg ai/ha (4, 8 lb ai/A); Rout 3G, 3.4, 6.8, 13.6 kg ai/ha (3, 6, 12 lb ai/A); Surflan AS, 2.3, 4.6 kg ai/ha (2, 4 lb ai/A); and Treflan 5G, 4.5, 9.0 kg ai/ha (4, 8 lbs ai/A). Weed seeds of Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv. (yellow foxtail), Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. (barnyardgrass), Poa annua L. (annual bluegrass), Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. (shepherdspurse), Senecio vulgaris L. (common groundsel), and Amaranthus retroflexus L. (redroot pigweed) were sown on the soil surface. Two control treatments (no herbicide and no weed seeds applied, or no herbicide but with weed seeds) also were evaluated. Plants were grown in #1 black plastic containers in a medium of clay loam soil, plaster sand and sphagnum peat (1:1:2 by vol). Weed counts at the end of the season indicated that weed control was variable according to the herbicide used. Rout and Ronstar at both the lx and 2x rates controlled over 99% of the weeds (compared to the control treatment with weeds). Weed control for the other herbicides were as follows: Surflan lx = 92%, Surflan 2x = 95%, Pennant lx = 93%, Pennant 2x = 98%, Gallery lx = 35%, Gallery 2x = 43%, Treflan 1x = 88%, and Treflan 2x = 96%. Evaluations also indicated that herbicides utilizing oryzalin resulted in phytoxicity or stunting to Phlox (appearance declined 88% at the 1x rate and 93% at the 2x rate compared to the control treatment), Gypsophila (dry weights for Surflan 1x was 27% less and Surflan 2x was 39% less compared to the control treatment), and Stachys (appearance declined 55% for 1x rate and 60% at the 2x rate). Gallery (isoxaben) resulted in stunting in Stachys (dry weights for Gallery 1x were 75% less compared to control plants and Gallery 2x was 80% less).

Abstract Species of Colletotrichum are considered among the most important plant pathogens, saprobes and endophytes on a wide range of ornamentals, fruits and vegetables. Several Colletotrichum species have been reported in nurseries and public or private gardens in northern Italy. In this study, the occurrence, diversity and pathogenicity of Colletotrichum spp. associated with several ornamental hosts was explored. Survey were carried out during the 2013–2019 period in Piedmont, Italy. A total of 22 Colletotrichum isolates were collected from symptomatic leaves and stems of two Campanula spp., Ceanothus thyrsiflorus, Coreopsis lanceolata, Cyclamen persicum, Hydrangea paniculata, Liquidambar styraciflua, Mahonia aquifolium and Rhyncospermum jasminoides. A multi-locus phylogeny was established based on the basis of three genomic loci (gapdh, act and tub2). The pathogenicity of selected, representative isolates was tested. Colletotrichum isolates were identified as members of four important species complexes: Acutatum, Gloeosporioides, Dematium and Destructivum. Colletotrichum fioriniae, C. nymphaeae and C. fuscum were found in association with leaf lesions of Mahonia aquifolium, Campanula rapunculoides and Coreopsis lanceolata, respectively. Colletotrichum lineola, C. grossum and C. cigarro were isolated from Campanula trachelium, Rhyncospermum jasminoides and Liquidambar styraciflua, respectively. Colletotrichum fructicola was found to be responsible of anthracnose of Ceanothus thyrsiflorus, Hydrangea paniculata, Cyclamen persicum and Liquidambar styraciflua. All the tested isolates were pathogenic and reproduced identical symptoms to those observed in private gardens and nurseries. The present study improves our understanding of Colletotrichum spp. associated with different ornamental hosts and provides useful information for an effective disease management programme.