Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Campus Albano'

Sustainable urban development is a frequently discussed topic today. The concept of sustainability mainly consists of three different dimensions of sustainability; the ecological, economic and social sustainability dimension. This study focuses more closely at the social sustainability dimension from an urban planning perspective and examines how Stockholm city aims to develop into a more socially sustainable city. The focus is on the urban development project Campus Albano, and the aim of the study is to investigate how well this project relates to Stockholm's urban development goals with regards to social sustainability. In this study, urban development goals are defined by Stockholm's urban development goals. The study is written on the basis of a qualitative method approach, which consist of a literature study and a case study in which a document study and an interview study were conducted. Interviews were held with three different actors, all of whom played a role in the development of the Campus Albano project. The result shows that the urban development project Campus Albano implements the development strategies of the city of Stockholm, which aims to meet the city's urban development goals and contribute to the creation of a socially sustainable Stockholm. In this way, it has been concluded that the urban development project Campus Albano is part of the joint venture towards achieving Stockholm's urban development goals, regarding a socially sustainable Stockholm
Hållbar stadsutveckling är idag ett flitigt diskuterat ämne. Hållbarhetsbegreppet består huvudsakligen utav tre olika hållbarhetsdimensioner; den ekologiska, ekonomiska samt sociala hållbarhetsdimensionen. Denna studien tittar närmare på den sociala hållbarhetsdimensionen utifrån ett stadsplaneringsperspektiv, och undersöker hur Stockholm stad önskar utvecklas till att bli en mer socialt hållbar stad. Fokus ligger på stadsutvecklingsprojektet Campus Albano, och studiens syfte att undersöka hur väl detta projekt förhåller sig till Stockholm stads mål för stadsutveckling, med avseende social hållbarhet. I denna studie representeras dessa mål för stadsutveckling av Stockholms stadsbyggnadsmål. Studien är skriven utifrån en kvalitativ metodansats, som har bestått utav en litteraturstudie samt en fallstudie inom vilken en dokumentstudie och en intervjustudie har genomförts. Intervjuer gjordes med tre olika aktörer som alla haft en roll i utvecklingen av Campus Albano-projektet. Resultatet visar att stadsutvecklingsprojektet Campus Albano förhåller sig till Stockholm stads samordnade utbyggnadsstrategier som ämnar att möta stadens stadsbyggnadsmål, som i sin tur bidrar till skapandet av ett socialt hållbart Stockholm. På så sätt har slutsatsen kunnat dras att stadsutvecklingsprojektet Campus Albano är en del av den gemensamma satsningen mot att nå Stockholm stads stadsbyggnadsmål som därmed bidrar till att skapa ett socialt hållbart Stockholm.

FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do CearÃ
nÃo hÃ
Quase sempre rotulado como anacrÃnico ou passadista, Josà Albano vem provocando a crÃtica universitÃria com seus poemas marcados pela residualidade quinhentista e medieval publicados no inÃcio do sÃculo XX. O propÃsito deste trabalho à analisar o sentido da obra de Josà de Abreu Albano no perÃodo em que atuou como poeta e indivÃduo (1902-1922), e, com isto, discutir os problemas da periodizaÃÃo literÃria. AtravÃs do escopo teÃrico da resi-dualidade, paradigma desenvolvido na Universidade Federal do Cearà sob a orientaÃÃo do Prof. Dr. Roberto Pontes, e com base numa premissa elementar, qual seja, âhomem nenhum pode ser inatualâ, foi realizada uma revisÃo da fortuna crÃtica do autor, revendo a maneira como a obra albanina foi subsumida nas categorias crÃticas pertinentes. A acompanhar todo o raciocÃnio crÃtico, fez-se uma leitura residual e intertextual dos poemas de Josà Albano que recriam a obra lÃrica de Luis de CamÃes atravÃs da glosa, do mote, da volta, da parÃfra-se, do pastiche e da transcriaÃÃo, a justificar, deste modo, o tÃtulo do trabalho.
Usually, Josà Albanoâs works has been considered outdate by the critics, his poems, pub-lished in the beginning of 20th century, contain many classical and medieval residues. Throught the Residuality, theory developed by professor doctor degree Roberto Pontes, and based in a preliminary statement: âevery one is tied up in their own timeâ, this paper will discuss the Albano\'s poetry meanings for the Brazilian literature\'s chronology. Beside this, an intertextual reading was made to show the ways used by Josà Albano for recreate CamÃes (pastiche, paraphrase, glosa, translation), and, of course, to justify the title of this essay.

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Outra
A área de estudo corresponde a um campo produtor de hidrocarbonetos situado no sudoeste da Bacia de Campos a 80 km da costa. Esta região produz hidrocarbonetos de diversos níveis estratigráficos, entre eles, os carbonatos do Albiano, foco deste estudo. O alto interesse econômico dos carbonatos no setor petrolífero mundial e a complexidade da sua análise nos dados geofísicos, justifica a importância desta pesquisa na definição de um método que auxilie na caracterização da distribuição regional da propriedade da rocha reservatório, neste caso, a porosidade. Neste contexto, este trabalho objetiva a determinação da heterogeneidade lateral e vertical das propriedades das rochas reservatórios, por meio da construção de um modelo geológico 3D de porosidade dos dois principais reservatórios identificados na Formação Quissamã (Grupo Macaé). Com esta finalidade, o método incluiu seis etapas principais: análise dos perfis geofísicos e correlação de poços, interpretação sísmica, conversão tempo x profundidade, análise de atributos sísmicos, análise geoestatística e modelagem geológica por meio da aplicação de Simulação Sequencial Gaussiana. Como níveis de referência, foram interpretados os intervalos estratigráficos correspondentes à Formação Outeiro e, na Formação Quissamã, os níveis Q1 e reservatórios R1 e R2 (principais produtores do campo). Estes níveis foram definidos com base na mudança do padrão geométrico dos perfis geofísicos de raio gama (RG), densidade (RHOB) e porosidade (Nphi). Os intervalos estudados estão distribuídos em um alto estrutural com eixo principal de direção NW-SE delimitado por falhas e pela própria geometria do banco carbonático. Na porção central do campo, este alto estrutural apresenta valores altos de porosidade (>21%), e se destacou no mapa de resistividade como portador de hidrocarbonetos nos reservatórios R1 e R2. Estas fácies carbonáticas variam para norte e nordeste da área com valores de porosidade mais baixos (<18%), representando a diminuição da qualidade dos reservatórios para estas regiões; esta observação, aliada à influência das falhas a sudoeste e nordeste do banco, permitiu classificar a trapa destes reservatórios como estrutural-estratigráfica. O sistema de falhas predominante na área de estudo corresponde ao NW-SE, que originou estruturas do tipo rollovers e horsts com potencial reservatório. Estas falhas abateram os blocos a sudeste e sul, que foram realçados nos mapas de atributos sísmicos como portadores de alta porosidade, comprovados por gráficos de correlação com coeficiente R2>0,65. Esta análise foi utilizada para determinar o modelo geológico 3D de porosidade, gerado por Simulação Sequencial Gaussiana. O resultado consistiu em uma representação coerente, com maior grau de certeza no alto estrutural central, que possui maior quantidade de dados de poços. Apesar das áreas a sudoeste e sul não apresentarem dados de poços, o método de Simulação Sequencial Gaussiana extrapolou altos valores de porosidade em 23% das 30 realizações geradas.
The study area is an ancient field and hydrocarbon producer, located in the southwest of the Campos Basin, in a water depth of approximately 100 m and 80 km distant from the coast. This region produces hydrocarbon from multiple stratigraphic layers, among them, there are the Albian carbonates, the focus of this research. The high economic interest in carbonates plays by the global oil industry and the complexity of their analysis in geophysical data, justifies the importance of this research to define a method, which determine the regional distribution of the property of the reservoir rock, in this case, the porosity. In this context, this study aims to determine the lateral and vertical heterogeneity of the properties of the reservoir rocks through the construction of a 3D geologic model of porosity from two main reservoirs in Quissamã formation (Macae Group). For this purpose, the method includes six major steps: analysis of well log and correlation of wells, seismic interpretation, conversion time vs. depth, analysis of seismic attributes, geostatistical analysis and geological modeling through the application of Gaussian simulation. The stratigraphic intervals such as Outeiro Formation and Quissamã Formation, which include level Q1, R1 and R2 reservoirs (main producers of the field) were interpreted as reference levels. These intervals were defined based on the change of the geometric standard of the geophysical profiles, as gamma ray (GR), density (RHOB) and porosity (Nphi). These levels are distributed in a carbonate bank with main axis in NW-SE direction, delimited by faults and its geometry. It was observed a structural high in the central portion of the field presenting high porosity values (> 21 %) that was highlighted in the resistivity maps as filled by oil in the reservoirs R1 and R2. These carbonate facies vary to the north and northeast of the area with lower values representing the decline in the quality of the reservoirs for these regions; this observation combined with the influence of the faults , in the southwest and northeast of the bank, allowed to classify the trap of these reservoirs as structural-stratigraphic. The predominant fault system in the study area corresponds to the NW-SE, which formed structures like rollovers and horsts with potential of being reservoir. These faults shot down the block to the southwest and south, which were highlighted in the maps of seismic attributes as having high porosity, supported by cross plots with correlation coefficient of R2> 0.65. This analysis was used to determine the 3D geologic model of porosity, generated by Gaussian simulation, most appropriate to the context of the geological area. The result was a coherent representation with greater certainty in the central structural high that presents a higher amount of well data. Despite the southwest and south areas do not present well data, the method was efficient in interpolate high values of porosity in 23% of 30 generated realizations.
PRH 05: 6000.0082154.13.4

Orientador: José Alexandre de Jesus Perinotto
Banca: Maria Gabriela Castillo Vincentelli
Banca: Lucas Veríssimo Warren
Banca: Adilson Viana Soares Junior
Resumo: A área de estudo corresponde a um campo produtor de hidrocarbonetos situado no sudoeste da Bacia de Campos a 80 km da costa. Esta região produz hidrocarbonetos de diversos níveis estratigráficos, entre eles, os carbonatos do Albiano, foco deste estudo. O alto interesse econômico dos carbonatos no setor petrolífero mundial e a complexidade da sua análise nos dados geofísicos, justifica a importância desta pesquisa na definição de um método que auxilie na caracterização da distribuição regional da propriedade da rocha reservatório, neste caso, a porosidade. Neste contexto, este trabalho objetiva a determinação da heterogeneidade lateral e vertical das propriedades das rochas reservatórios, por meio da construção de um modelo geológico 3D de porosidade dos dois principais reservatórios identificados na Formação Quissamã (Grupo Macaé). Com esta finalidade, o método incluiu seis etapas principais: análise dos perfis geofísicos e correlação de poços, interpretação sísmica, conversão tempo x profundidade, análise de atributos sísmicos, análise geoestatística e modelagem geológica por meio da aplicação de Simulação Sequencial Gaussiana. Como níveis de referência, foram interpretados os intervalos estratigráficos correspondentes à Formação Outeiro e, na Formação Quissamã, os níveis Q1 e reservatórios R1 e R2 (principais produtores do campo). Estes níveis foram definidos com base na mudança do padrão geométrico dos perfis geofísicos de raio gama (RG), densidade (RHOB) e porosidade (Nph... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The study area is an ancient field and hydrocarbon producer, located in the southwest of the Campos Basin, in a water depth of approximately 100 m and 80 km distant from the coast. This region produces hydrocarbon from multiple stratigraphic layers, among them, there are the Albian carbonates, the focus of this research. The high economic interest in carbonates plays by the global oil industry and the complexity of their analysis in geophysical data, justifies the importance of this research to define a method, which determine the regional distribution of the property of the reservoir rock, in this case, the porosity. In this context, this study aims to determine the lateral and vertical heterogeneity of the properties of the reservoir rocks through the construction of a 3D geologic model of porosity from two main reservoirs in Quissamã formation (Macae Group). For this purpose, the method includes six major steps: analysis of well log and correlation of wells, seismic interpretation, conversion time vs. depth, analysis of seismic attributes, geostatistical analysis and geological modeling through the application of Gaussian simulation. The stratigraphic intervals such as Outeiro Formation and Quissamã Formation, which include level Q1, R1 and R2 reservoirs (main producers of the field) were interpreted as reference levels. These intervals were defined based on the change of the geometric standard of the geophysical profiles, as gamma ray (GR), density (RHOB) and porosity (Nphi). These levels are distributed in a carbonate bank with main axis in NW-SE direction, delimited by faults and its geometry. It was observed a structural high in the central portion of the field presenting high porosity values (> 21 %) that was highlighted in the resistivity maps as filled by oil in the reservoirs R1 and R2. These carbonate facies vary to the ... (Complete abstract electronic access below)
Mestre

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Agência Nacional do Petróleo
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar um inventário dos palinomorfos marinhos e continentais da Bacia de Campos e analisar sua distribuição ao longo das seções a fim de testar modelos paleoambientais e paleobiogeográficos. O objeto de estudo foi o material palinológico referente ao Albiano, Grupo Macaé, dos poços Bonito e Pampo. Foram encontrados em abundância os grãos de pólen gimnospérmicos Classopollis classoides, Gnetaceapollenites sp. e Equisetosporites sp., todos de caráter xeromórfico. As espécies de dinoflagelados mais abundantes foram as cosmopolitas Spiniferites ramosus, Odontochitina operculata e Trichodinium castanea. Foram encontradas quatro espécies tipicamente tetianas, sendo elas Codoniella campanulata, Cyclonephelium vannophorum, Endoceratium dettmanniae e Tehamadinium mazaganense. Foi constatado aumento na proporção de elementos continentais nos estratos correspondentes ao final do Albiano concomitantemente à passagem de uma litologia carbonática para uma litologia composta por folhelhos e margas. Houve aumento na diversidade de palinomorfos marinhos da base para o topo das seções estudadas, passando de uma biota dominada por palinoforaminíferos trocoespirais para outra mais rica em dinoflagelados. De acordo com a articulação de dados micropaleontológicos, foi possível inferir que, durante o estabelecimento do Oceano Atlântico Sul, a Bacia de Campos recebeu águas provenientes do Mar de Tétis, o que refuta o modelo clássico de entrada de águas austrais acompanhando a abertura tectônica de sul para norte
The present work has aimed to provide an inventory of marine and continental palynomorphs from the Campos Basin; and to analyse their distribution within the sampled sections in order to evaluate paleoenvironmental and paleobiogeographic models. Lower Cretaceous (Albian) palynomorphs from the Macaé Group, as intersected in the Bonito and Pampo wells, constitute the basis of this study. Gymnospermous pollen grains occur in notable abundance, especially Classopolis classoides, Gnetaceapollenites sp. and Equisetosporites sp., which are typically xeromorphic. The most abundant dinoflagellates are the cosmopolitan species Spiniferites ramosus, Odontochitina operculata and Trichodinium castanea. Four typically Tethyan dinoflagellate species identified are Codoniella campanulata, Cyclonephelium vannophorum, Endoceratium dettmanniae and Tehamadinium mazaganense. The proportion of land-derived palynomorphs in the strata (mainly spores, pollen grains and plant debris) increases at the end of the Albian, concomitant with the transition from carbonates to shales and marls. Furthermore, marine palynomorphs increase in diversity from the base to the top of the studied sections, changing from a biota dominated by palynoforaminifera to one rich in dinoflagellates. Integration of the micropaleontological data indicates that, during the establishment of the South Atlantic Ocean, the Campos Basin received water from the Tethys Ocean. This refutes the classic model that invokes the incursion of Austral water accompanying the tectonic opening from south to north

Orientador: José Alexandre de Jesus Perinotto
Coorientador: Mitsuru Arai
Banca: Rosemarie Rohn Davies
Banca: Fernanda Quaglio
Resumo: O presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar um inventário dos palinomorfos marinhos e continentais da Bacia de Campos e analisar sua distribuição ao longo das seções a fim de testar modelos paleoambientais e paleobiogeográficos. O objeto de estudo foi o material palinológico referente ao Albiano, Grupo Macaé, dos poços Bonito e Pampo. Foram encontrados em abundância os grãos de pólen gimnospérmicos Classopollis classoides, Gnetaceapollenites sp. e Equisetosporites sp., todos de caráter xeromórfico. As espécies de dinoflagelados mais abundantes foram as cosmopolitas Spiniferites ramosus, Odontochitina operculata e Trichodinium castanea. Foram encontradas quatro espécies tipicamente tetianas, sendo elas Codoniella campanulata, Cyclonephelium vannophorum, Endoceratium dettmanniae e Tehamadinium mazaganense. Foi constatado aumento na proporção de elementos continentais nos estratos correspondentes ao final do Albiano concomitantemente à passagem de uma litologia carbonática para uma litologia composta por folhelhos e margas. Houve aumento na diversidade de palinomorfos marinhos da base para o topo das seções estudadas, passando de uma biota dominada por palinoforaminíferos trocoespirais para outra mais rica em dinoflagelados. De acordo com a articulação de dados micropaleontológicos, foi possível inferir que, durante o estabelecimento do Oceano Atlântico Sul, a Bacia de Campos recebeu águas provenientes do Mar de Tétis, o que refuta o modelo clássico de entrada de águas austrais acompanhando a abertura tectônica de sul para norte
Abstract: The present work has aimed to provide an inventory of marine and continental palynomorphs from the Campos Basin; and to analyse their distribution within the sampled sections in order to evaluate paleoenvironmental and paleobiogeographic models. Lower Cretaceous (Albian) palynomorphs from the Macaé Group, as intersected in the Bonito and Pampo wells, constitute the basis of this study. Gymnospermous pollen grains occur in notable abundance, especially Classopolis classoides, Gnetaceapollenites sp. and Equisetosporites sp., which are typically xeromorphic. The most abundant dinoflagellates are the cosmopolitan species Spiniferites ramosus, Odontochitina operculata and Trichodinium castanea. Four typically Tethyan dinoflagellate species identified are Codoniella campanulata, Cyclonephelium vannophorum, Endoceratium dettmanniae and Tehamadinium mazaganense. The proportion of land-derived palynomorphs in the strata (mainly spores, pollen grains and plant debris) increases at the end of the Albian, concomitant with the transition from carbonates to shales and marls. Furthermore, marine palynomorphs increase in diversity from the base to the top of the studied sections, changing from a biota dominated by palynoforaminifera to one rich in dinoflagellates. Integration of the micropaleontological data indicates that, during the establishment of the South Atlantic Ocean, the Campos Basin received water from the Tethys Ocean. This refutes the classic model that invokes the incursion of Austral water accompanying the tectonic opening from south to north
Mestre

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SCTC/CARMOD
Alguns dos depósitos carbonáticos do Grupo Macaé (Albiano), sobretudo na Formação Quissamã, correspondem a importantes reservatórios na Bacia de Campos. O problema fundamental na modelagem de reservatórios de hidrocarbonetos é a caracterização das heterogeneidades petrofísicas, as quais estão intimamente relacionadas à variabilidade temporal e espacial das propriedades sedimentológicas (modelo deposicional). Modelos anteriormente propostos para estas rochas mostram as fácies presentes e a variação lateral entre elas. No entanto, não detalham os processos deposicionais formadores destas fácies. Este trabalho tem como objetivo construir um modelo deposicional para os carbonatos do Grupo Macaé - englobando o intervalo superior da Fm. Quissamã e porção basal da Fm. Outeiro, em um total de cerca de 200 a 400 metros de espessura - em um campo petrolífero (área de 32km2) a sudoeste da Bacia de Campos. Os tipos de fácies e as associações de fácies (AF) foram definidos a partir da análise macroscópica de 320 metros de testemunhos, com auxílio da análise microscópica. A análise das 237 lâminas delgadas também possibilitou reconhecer a história diagenética das rochas estudadas. Foram geradas fácies a partir de perfis geofísicos (eletrofácies) pelo método de redes neurais segundo as aprendizagens supervisionada e não-supervisionada em 28 poços - de testemunhagem mais contínua, menos contínua e sem testemunhos. A partir do empilhamento das fácies definido nos testemunhos, foram interpretados ciclos em três diferentes hierarquias: alta, média e baixa frequência. Reconheceram-se onze fácies sedimentares: (A) grainstone oolítico, (B) grainstone oncolítico, (C) grainstone oncolítico peloidal, (D) packstone oncolítico bioclástico, (E) packstone peloidal bioclástico, (F) packstone bioclástico, (G) packstone/wackestone oolítico, (H) wackestone, (I) wackestone a pitonelídeos, (J) wackestone...
Carbonate rocks from the Macaé Group (Albian), particularly the Quissamã Formation, are important reservoirs of the Campos Basin. A fundamental problem related to modelling of hydrocarbon reservoirs is the characterization of petrophysical heterogeneties, which is closely related to temporal and spatial variability of sedimentological properties (i.e., depositional model). Geological models previously presented for Macaé Group rocks show facies and their lateral variation. On the other hand, those models lack information about depositional processes of these facies. This work presents depositional model for Macaé Group carbonates including the upper part of the Quissamã Formation and the lower part of the Outeiro Formation. The studied interval comprises a 200-400m thick section within an oil field located in southwest portion of the Campos Basin. Facies and facies associations (FA) were defined by macroscopic analyses of rocks (320m cores), supported by microscopic analyses. Electrofacies were created by supervised and unsupervised approaches in 28 wells. Distinct sedimentary cycles with three diferent scales (high, medium, low) were interpreted based on the vertical facies sucession. Eleven sedimentary facies were recognized: A) oolitic grainstone, (B) oncolitic grainstone, (C) oncolitic peloidal grainstone, (D) oncolitic bioclastic packstone, (E) peloidal bioclastic packstone, (F) bioclastic packstone, (G) oolitic packstone/wackestone, (H) wackestone, (I) pithonellids wackestone, (J) bioclastic wackestone with glauconite e (K) dolomite. Facies A to H represent rocks of the Quissamã Formation whereas facies I and J represent rocks of the Outeiro Formation. Facies association A+B (FA1) is related to deposition in shallow depths, above the fair weather wave base (FWWB). Facies C and D (FA2) were formed in waters slightly weaker or more sporadic than FA1, close to the FWWB. Facies association E+H (FA3) is related to calm waters...
SCTC/CARMOD: 2012/00174-6

Orientador: Dimas Dias Brito
Banca: Lucas Veríssimo Warren
Banca: Gilberto Athaide Albertão
Resumo: Alguns dos depósitos carbonáticos do Grupo Macaé (Albiano), sobretudo na Formação Quissamã, correspondem a importantes reservatórios na Bacia de Campos. O problema fundamental na modelagem de reservatórios de hidrocarbonetos é a caracterização das heterogeneidades petrofísicas, as quais estão intimamente relacionadas à variabilidade temporal e espacial das propriedades sedimentológicas (modelo deposicional). Modelos anteriormente propostos para estas rochas mostram as fácies presentes e a variação lateral entre elas. No entanto, não detalham os processos deposicionais formadores destas fácies. Este trabalho tem como objetivo construir um modelo deposicional para os carbonatos do Grupo Macaé - englobando o intervalo superior da Fm. Quissamã e porção basal da Fm. Outeiro, em um total de cerca de 200 a 400 metros de espessura - em um campo petrolífero (área de 32km2) a sudoeste da Bacia de Campos. Os tipos de fácies e as associações de fácies (AF) foram definidos a partir da análise macroscópica de 320 metros de testemunhos, com auxílio da análise microscópica. A análise das 237 lâminas delgadas também possibilitou reconhecer a história diagenética das rochas estudadas. Foram geradas fácies a partir de perfis geofísicos (eletrofácies) pelo método de redes neurais segundo as aprendizagens supervisionada e não-supervisionada em 28 poços - de testemunhagem mais contínua, menos contínua e sem testemunhos. A partir do empilhamento das fácies definido nos testemunhos, foram interpretados ciclos em três diferentes hierarquias: alta, média e baixa frequência. Reconheceram-se onze fácies sedimentares: (A) grainstone oolítico, (B) grainstone oncolítico, (C) grainstone oncolítico peloidal, (D) packstone oncolítico bioclástico, (E) packstone peloidal bioclástico, (F) packstone bioclástico, (G) packstone/wackestone oolítico, (H) wackestone, (I) wackestone a pitonelídeos, (J) wackestone...
Abstract: Carbonate rocks from the Macaé Group (Albian), particularly the Quissamã Formation, are important reservoirs of the Campos Basin. A fundamental problem related to modelling of hydrocarbon reservoirs is the characterization of petrophysical heterogeneties, which is closely related to temporal and spatial variability of sedimentological properties (i.e., depositional model). Geological models previously presented for Macaé Group rocks show facies and their lateral variation. On the other hand, those models lack information about depositional processes of these facies. This work presents depositional model for Macaé Group carbonates including the upper part of the Quissamã Formation and the lower part of the Outeiro Formation. The studied interval comprises a 200-400m thick section within an oil field located in southwest portion of the Campos Basin. Facies and facies associations (FA) were defined by macroscopic analyses of rocks (320m cores), supported by microscopic analyses. Electrofacies were created by supervised and unsupervised approaches in 28 wells. Distinct sedimentary cycles with three diferent scales (high, medium, low) were interpreted based on the vertical facies sucession. Eleven sedimentary facies were recognized: A) oolitic grainstone, (B) oncolitic grainstone, (C) oncolitic peloidal grainstone, (D) oncolitic bioclastic packstone, (E) peloidal bioclastic packstone, (F) bioclastic packstone, (G) oolitic packstone/wackestone, (H) wackestone, (I) pithonellids wackestone, (J) bioclastic wackestone with glauconite e (K) dolomite. Facies A to H represent rocks of the Quissamã Formation whereas facies I and J represent rocks of the Outeiro Formation. Facies association A+B (FA1) is related to deposition in shallow depths, above the fair weather wave base (FWWB). Facies C and D (FA2) were formed in waters slightly weaker or more sporadic than FA1, close to the FWWB. Facies association E+H (FA3) is related to calm waters...
Mestre

This study is social anthropological insider research of disabled postgraduates, students and staff in tertiary educational institutions. This is also a study of enabling conditions for inclusion; and ways the participants build relationships between themselves and the wider community. I consider my participants as kin. This was a joint venture - we were related not by blood, but by the very fact that we share in communities of disabled people. We are connected even if not always interacting with each other; we seldom moved in the same circles on a day-to-day basis. These are stories of adversity, where the participants have developed successful coping strategies and made achievements, not despite their being ?othered?, but by living with and acknowledging their differences. These are reflections on our society where we compete in complex emotional relationships within employment and all other social institutions. The university seemed to be a psychologically safer setting probably because it is a place for higher learning and therefore all the people had a more highly developed consciousness. Even though in some cases there were some wider macro barriers, on the whole, the participants‘ experience was positive. We found what we as joint participants shared in that feeling of disability was just the same as the feeling of communitas as students. Thinking about communitas (Turner, 1967), the Latin for community, convinced me that community was the central theme of this whole thesis. There are communities of practice in all organisations and institutions in society and they are used by the participants in this study not only in developing strategies for inclusion, but also for learning. Because the university is a series of communities of practice a major theorist for this study is Vygotsky and his concept of a culture of learning. We are also indebted to the social anthropologist Lave and her colleagues for bringing his ideas to Western academia.

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Petrobras
Rochas carbonáticas albianas das formações Quissamã e Outeiro foram estudadas num campo de petróleo de 16 km2 do Reservatório Quissamã, Bacia de Campos (RJ). De acordo com diversos procedimentos petrográficos e estratigráficos integrados (redes neurais) aplicados a testemunhos de quatro poços e perfis geofísicos de outros 24 poços, incluindo a utilização do software Petrel® 2012 (Schlumberger), foram reconhecidas litofácies (abrangendo também características diagenéticas e de permo-porosidade), eletrofácies, sucessões cíclicas, dando suporte para correlações estratigráficas, análises no âmbito da estratigrafia de sequências, confecção de mapas de proporção de fácies referentes a cada sequência e, finalmente, modelos dos respectivos paleoambientes da área de estudo. Para a Formação Quissamã foram definidas seis litofácies, principalmente grainstones e packstones (raros wackestones) com grãos carbonáticos compostos por ooides, oncoides, peloides e alguns bioclastos (moluscos, equinoides, microfósseis bentônicos). Sucessões de packstones peloidais/bioclásticos para grainstones representam típicos ciclos de alta frequência da passagem de paleoambientes deposicionais relativamente profundos/calmos para rasos/com maior energia. A Formação Outeiro apresenta três litofácies compostas por mudstones e wackestones, com gradual aumento de microfósseis de organismos planctônicos marinhos mais distais (principalmente foraminíferos). A história diagenética das rochas envolveu, na eodiagênese, processos de micritização, compactação mecânica, dissolução, cimentação (franja, mosaico e sintaxial) e, na mesodiagênese, compactação química e cimentação blocosa em fraturas. Todo o intervalo estudado apresenta superfícies de inundação máxima e de regressão máxima, as quais foram definidas como limites, respectivamente, para sucessões de média e baixa frequência, as últimas equivalentes...
Albian carbonate rocks of the Quissamã and Outeiro formations were analysed in an oil field (16 km2) of the Quissamã Reservoir, Campos Basin (Rio de Janeiro, Southeastern Brazil). According to several integrated petrographic and stratigraphic procedures (neural network) applied to cores of four wells and geophysical profiles of other 24 wells, including the software Petrel® 2012 (Schlumberger), it was possible to recognize lithofacies (along with diagenetic and permo-porosity properties), electrofacies, cyclic successions, giving support for stratigraphic correlations, stratigraphic sequences analysis, maps of facies proportions for each sequence and respective paleoenvironmental models. Six lithofacies were defined for the Quissamã Formation, mainly grainstones and packstones (rare wackestones) with carbonate grains such as ooids, oncoids, peloids and some bioclasts (mollusks, echinoids and benthonic microfossils). Successions of peloidal/bioclastic packstones to grainstones correspond to typical shallowing upwards high frequency cycles. The Outeiro Formation has three lithofacies composed of mudstones and wackestones, with gradual increase of more distal planktonic microfossils (mainly foraminifers). The diagenetic history of the rocks encompassed, during the eodiagenesis, micritization, mechanic compactation, dissolution, cementation (fringe, mosaic and sintaxial) and, during the mesodiagenesis, chemical compactation and blocky cementation in fractures. The whole studied interval presents some maximum flooding and maximum regressive surfaces, which were defined as boundaries, respectively, for the medium and low frequency successions, the latter equivalent to five stratigraphic sequences. The present work corroborates previous interpretations that the Quissamã Formation was originated in a shallow carbonate ramp-like platform with several ooids bars parallel to the coast. Therefore, the other facies of the formation (mainly...

Orientadora: Rosemarie Rohn Davies
Banca: Joel Carneiro de Castro
Banca: Célia Maria Oliveira Falcone
Resumo: Rochas carbonáticas albianas das formações Quissamã e Outeiro foram estudadas num campo de petróleo de 16 km2 do Reservatório Quissamã, Bacia de Campos (RJ). De acordo com diversos procedimentos petrográficos e estratigráficos integrados (redes neurais) aplicados a testemunhos de quatro poços e perfis geofísicos de outros 24 poços, incluindo a utilização do software Petrel® 2012 (Schlumberger), foram reconhecidas litofácies (abrangendo também características diagenéticas e de permo-porosidade), eletrofácies, sucessões cíclicas, dando suporte para correlações estratigráficas, análises no âmbito da estratigrafia de sequências, confecção de mapas de proporção de fácies referentes a cada sequência e, finalmente, modelos dos respectivos paleoambientes da área de estudo. Para a Formação Quissamã foram definidas seis litofácies, principalmente grainstones e packstones (raros wackestones) com grãos carbonáticos compostos por ooides, oncoides, peloides e alguns bioclastos (moluscos, equinoides, microfósseis bentônicos). Sucessões de packstones peloidais/bioclásticos para grainstones representam típicos ciclos de alta frequência da passagem de paleoambientes deposicionais relativamente profundos/calmos para rasos/com maior energia. A Formação Outeiro apresenta três litofácies compostas por mudstones e wackestones, com gradual aumento de microfósseis de organismos planctônicos marinhos mais distais (principalmente foraminíferos). A história diagenética das rochas envolveu, na eodiagênese, processos de micritização, compactação mecânica, dissolução, cimentação (franja, mosaico e sintaxial) e, na mesodiagênese, compactação química e cimentação blocosa em fraturas. Todo o intervalo estudado apresenta superfícies de inundação máxima e de regressão máxima, as quais foram definidas como limites, respectivamente, para sucessões de média e baixa frequência, as últimas equivalentes...
Abstract: Albian carbonate rocks of the Quissamã and Outeiro formations were analysed in an oil field (16 km2) of the Quissamã Reservoir, Campos Basin (Rio de Janeiro, Southeastern Brazil). According to several integrated petrographic and stratigraphic procedures (neural network) applied to cores of four wells and geophysical profiles of other 24 wells, including the software Petrel® 2012 (Schlumberger), it was possible to recognize lithofacies (along with diagenetic and permo-porosity properties), electrofacies, cyclic successions, giving support for stratigraphic correlations, stratigraphic sequences analysis, maps of facies proportions for each sequence and respective paleoenvironmental models. Six lithofacies were defined for the Quissamã Formation, mainly grainstones and packstones (rare wackestones) with carbonate grains such as ooids, oncoids, peloids and some bioclasts (mollusks, echinoids and benthonic microfossils). Successions of peloidal/bioclastic packstones to grainstones correspond to typical shallowing upwards high frequency cycles. The Outeiro Formation has three lithofacies composed of mudstones and wackestones, with gradual increase of more distal planktonic microfossils (mainly foraminifers). The diagenetic history of the rocks encompassed, during the eodiagenesis, micritization, mechanic compactation, dissolution, cementation (fringe, mosaic and sintaxial) and, during the mesodiagenesis, chemical compactation and blocky cementation in fractures. The whole studied interval presents some maximum flooding and maximum regressive surfaces, which were defined as boundaries, respectively, for the medium and low frequency successions, the latter equivalent to five stratigraphic sequences. The present work corroborates previous interpretations that the Quissamã Formation was originated in a shallow carbonate ramp-like platform with several ooids bars parallel to the coast. Therefore, the other facies of the formation (mainly...
Mestre

Offshore software development (OSD) is a leading business sector in the present ‘glocal’ IT marketplace, and vendors in different countries are opening software development centres worldwide to take advantage of the new business opportunities. However, software development is both a technical and a social process as various software modules need to be integrated, which requires ongoing interaction between the stakeholders. The software modules rely upon local knowledge regarding customer wants, project specific features, chosen design methodologies by development team members and synchronisation of activities to confirm the next design iteration. This study focuses on knowledge sharing processes involving the interplay between acquiring local knowledge and applying the knowledge acquired into the design of the client-specific software builds. New knowledge is created as new processes are applied and new outcomes realised, resulting in re-definition of software development practices. Building on existing theories with empirical case study evidence, this research reveals the socio-technical influences on knowledge management in the OSD process. Ideographic research methods have been applied to bring sensitivity in the everyday organisational activities for knowledge sharing across diverse social and cultural groups within two country contexts (New Zealand and India). Empirical data from ten case studies is used to inductively develop a conceptual framework, which has been applied to make within case and cross case comparisons across three levels of analysis (micro, meso and macro) for knowledge sharing. The micro level analysis explores individual key success drivers (behaviours and methodologies), the meso level explores organisational level practices (work processes and structures) and the macro level gives a holistic evaluation across two country contexts. Country contexts reveal that New Zealand vendors share closer cultural proximity with their clients, are engaged in client facing skills and have further outsourced software development tasks to other low cost countries. The Indian vendors are involved in software construction, prefer technical specialist skills and have defined more discipline in their software development processes. The thesis offers new insights on how vendors’ shape their software development styles based upon their beliefs and understanding of the offshore market and is especially relevant to both vendors and clients who intend venturing into the offshore market.

Affrontando lo studio della Letteratura Italiana risulta evidente l'omissione dai manuali, ad eccezione di Primo Levi, degli scritti di coloro che sono stati deportati tra il 1939 e il 1945 in seguito alle persecuzioni razziali. Il tempo trascorso dalla Shoah ha, invece, dimostrato la presenza di un ingente quantità di opere che costituiscono il corpus della Letteratura Concentrazionaria, ossia la letteratura dei campi di concentramento. Gli autori di questa letteratura sono poco conosciuti e considerati minori, ma la loro scrittura raggiunge spesso un'ineguagliabile altezza intellettuale, morale, stilistica. La narrazione dei loro ricordi traumatici è il risultato di precise decisioni: quali fatti raccontare, in che ordine cronologico, ma soprattutto attraverso quale forma. Questi testi concentrazionari, infatti, possono essere studiati da diversi punti di vista, quello più inusuale è la divisione per generi: racconto, autobiografia, saggio, romanzo, diario, lettera, poesia. Non sempre la distinzione fra questo o quel genere è netta, ma è molto significativo che a partire da una tragedia, quale l'Olocausto, si possa scegliere di raccontare la propria esperienza prestando attenzione al modo di esprimerla. È il primo segno che dimostra quanto anche di fronte al male l'uomo non perda il desiderio di ricercare il vero ed il bello.
Such a long time has passed since the end of the Shoah and it has become clear that there are a lot of works written in those years which now form the corpus of literature based on the experiences in concentration camps. The authors of these works are not very well-known and they are usually considered minor but their works have often reached highly intellectual, moral and stylistic results. The narration of their traumatic memories is the result of precise decisions, i.e. what to tell, in what chronological order, but especially in what forms. The texts based on the experiences in concentration camps can in fact be studied from different points of view. The most unusual is their study through genres: short story, autobiography, essay, novel, journal, letter, poetry. The distinction between one genre and another is not often clear-cut. What is interesting to underline is that in front of a tragedy, as the Holocaust was, it is possible to choose to tell one's own experience by paying special attention to the way of expressing it. This is evidence that in front of evil man does not ever lose the desire to look for truth and beauty.

This paper relates openness to the decline in inflation by using panel data for six OECD (the USA, Japan, Canada, Portugal, Finland, and Australia) countries over the period from 1980 to 2006. I obtain industrial level data for twenty industries in each of the six countries in the timeframe and estimate the effects of increases in openness, through its effect on productivity and markups on inflation. The methods used to construct the variables in this paper follow methods introduced in Chen, Imbs and Scott (2004), and the estimations follow Chen, Imbs and Scott (2007). The results suggest openness reduces the rate of inflation in the short run. Furthermore, it also reduces short run productivity and markups. The long run results are ambiguous, however. The evidence that openness leads to anti-competitive effects in the long run is weak. JEL Classification: E31, F12, F14, F15, L16 Keywords: Openness, Prices, Productivity, Markups

Housing is both a social issue and a determinant for well being and is an integral component of social policy. The research specifically looked at the barriers for mental health service users to accessing affordable housing. Previous studies have identified affordability, lack of choice and discrimination as specific issues in relation to people with mental illness and housing. While previous studies focussed on housing affordability in relation to the individual, this research considered the barriers to affordable housing for mental health service users in relation to the capitalist structure of society. The research utilised a Marxist theoretical perspective that views housing in terms of the social structures of society and the relationship to class. This approach was supported by the social model of disability, a social construct where those with disabilities are oppressed by the social structures of society. Another element of the research provided a history of government housing policy in New Zealand. A quantitative and qualitative approach was used to collect data which consisted of statistical information and information gained from interviews with the relevant participants. Analysis from a Marxist perspective explained, from the findings, that there are systemic barriers in accessing affordable housing for mental health service users within a capitalist system. From the findings, the social model of disability explained that there are structural disadvantages for mental health service users that result in barriers to accessing affordable housing. An analysis of the history of government housing policy in New Zealand, which has continually promoted the commodification of housing, also explained from the findings that there are systemic barriers to accessing affordable housing for mental health service users within a capitalist system.

Previous research of supervision in educational psychology has regularly reported low rates of participation and dissatisfaction with the adequacy of supervisory arrangements. Most studies to date have been conducted on the assumption that supervision is a formalised, often one-to-one relationship. However, this view of supervision is incongruent with the ecological theories of human development that currently guide educational psychologists' work. The present study sought to develop understanding of the nature and contexts of supervision for a group of educational psychologists through examination of the actions they took to meet the goals of supervision. A situational analysis research method was used to examine the supervisory actions, in relation to the theories underlying current field practice, of 38 educational psychologists. This collaborative method of inquiry reflected the procedures of the psychologists' professional practice and enabled the understanding of supervision to be constructed using the participants' own sense-making processes. Results of the study indicated that the psychologists pursued the goals of supervision through the multiple interactions that took place within the regular activity of their community of practice. Supervision included a combination of formal, informal and situated interactions. It was concerned with connectedness to the professional community and comprised a range of integrated activities. The psychologists demonstrated that their supervision-in-action was guided by the same ecological principles that guided their professional practice. When supervision was conceptualised as a practice that included formal, informal and situated interactions intended to meet the goals of supervision, the participants reported high levels of satisfaction with current supervisory arrangements and participation in the practice. This thesis proposes an extended view of supervision that depicts supervision as activity situated within the interaction of a community of practice. It suggests that ecologically valid evaluations of supervision activity and the development of applicable systems of supervision must consider a wide range of supervision activities and contexts of practice.

The primary aim of this research is to understand how the multiple levels within networks influence the organising dynamics in an intentionally formed network through the measurement of tie strength. This is a significant contribution because previous research is based on network studies in which only one level is considered, most of the research is conceptually undeveloped in the area. The research also addresses the measurement of the strength of relationships rather than just their existence or non-existence. Furthermore, this study examines intentionally created networks – an area where there is currently very little research. Thus the study is significant because the new data contributes to the marketing research environment and can be presented to examine findings in other research contexts, including the social policy and not-for-profit sectors. To address the aim and context of the study it was necessary to understand a national programme which had global objectives. The research involved a multi-method approach that utilised a single case-study strategy with multiple embedded cases consisting of three interdependent, intentionally formed networks, each with a central broker, in the elite and high-performance sport sector in New Zealand. The overall contributions of the research were: (1) The identification of a new network type, termed here as a structured network. (2) The finding that networks that are intentionally created and managed can be durable and effective, and this is dependent on the role of the central broker. This finding has obvious implications for practitioners involved in such networks and for governments that are interested in creating them. (3) The finding that cross-level pressures influence network effectiveness. (4) The finding that relationships developed at the pre-network formation stage contribute to network effectiveness. (5) And finally, the identification of a new stage of intentional network formation. This stage was taken by the New Zealand government issuing a tender in order to gauge the level of interest and the resources available to provide a network of services before establishing it.

The present research consists of an interdisciplinary approach which combines mainly sub-disciplines from the anthropological and psychological perspectives as theoretical background. Regarding the latter, from the cognitive anthropology perspective the research highlights Bradd Shore’s (1996) view on cognitive models, together with the theories put forward by the sociocultural approach in psychology based on Vygotsky’s school of thought. The main objective of the study is to achieve a broad view on the use of traditional korero paki and korero o nehera (Maori folktales/legends and myths) as pedagogical tools and as cognitive models. The latter includes a bibliographical review which covers the analysis of narratives and their usage from different areas, such as Maori epistemology and education, cultural psychology and cognitive anthropology. Being a research stemmed from an anthropological concern –how do people from different sociocultural backgrounds construct and transmit knowledge- it considered as a fundamental element an empirical or “fieldwork” approach to the matter. Therefore, the research analyses –based on semi-structured interviews- the perspectives and understanding of the usage of traditional Maori narratives as educational tools of scholars in the Maori studies/education field and of a sample of Maori teachers, most of them connected to a Kura Kaupapa Maori school, constituting a “study case” for this qualitative study. A period of complementary participant observation was also carried out, focusing on the pedagogical practises and styles of the participant teachers. Through this, the research aims to contextualise the bibliographical and theoretical findings, considering the contemporary applications, limitations and understandings encountered through concrete experience.

Far from being simply a necessary appliance to extend our day, artificial light has a great influence on human behaviour and wellbeing, perception of the surroundings and comfort. The energy needed for lighting is also a significant impact on our natural resources. For these two broad reasons lighting systems that improve the human visual and perceptual experience and reduce energy use are of widespread value. This work covers research into the application of LED technology as the next generation of mainstream lighting. It looks at the reasons why this technology is set to become the dominant way in which we light our lives, and the technical hurdles that are slowing this shift in lighting. It also presents the development, testing and prototyping of such an LED lighting product for use in the architectural market. This niche application is where LED lighting is currently most suited, due to the compactness, colour adjustability and lower colour rendering required. Establishing the technology here will help to gain consumer appreciation and acceptance of this beneficial and useful new paradigm in lighting. The design incorporates a shape that is pleasing to the eye with a simple oval profile. It was designed to be subtle and compact, blending into the ceiling as cleanly as possible. Practical testing on the finished prototype showed it to produce a wide range of colours and colour temperatures, while maintaining a safe LED temperature. The simplicity also makes the unit competitive in terms of cost.

Structural adjustment programmes have been promoted globally by international financial institutions as an answer to the financial problems of developing countries like Samoa. This thesis is a study of the history of structural adjustment programmes in the Independent State of Samoa, and focuses specifically on a case study of one particular programme: the restructuring and privatisation of the former Public Works Department (PWD). It seeks to compare the claims made for the reform process by development economists, development consultants and planners, politicians and reform managers, with the experiences of those who were involved in various roles in a particular type of reform: the privatisation of a Government utility. The PWD was chosen by the Samoan Government to kick-start its institutional reform programme. The Department had, over the years, suffered from poor management, corrupt practices, overspending and unaccounted funds which were all revealed in an Auditor General's Report tabled in Parliament in Samoa in 1994. This caused great embarrassment to the Government which had then to respond to these accusations. Government saw the reform of the PWD as a means to respond to public criticism of its lack of oversight, and discontent with the standard of the department's services in public works, institutional construction, repair and maintenance programmes. The study used a case study methodology to interview the people that were involved in the privatisation of the old Public Works Department (PWD). Various people who were, and are still, involved in the process of reforming Government institutions were interviewed. These included the politicians who both advocated and opposed the implementation of the reforms, the consultants who managed them for the Government and international agencies, and employees at all levels of the former Public Works Department. It explored PWD employees' personal and institutional experiences of the period before, during and since the reform of the agency. Despite the propaganda on the benefits that reform programmes have for the countries that implement them, the study has revealed different findings. It identifies and examines some important differences between the claims made by various stakeholders about the reforms, and the experiences of those who were directly involved in various ways. It has shown that people in different positions have different experiences of the same programmes, and that their experiences are significantly influenced by their social location and, specifically, whether they are "insiders" or "outsiders." It concludes by suggesting that since the structural reform project is likely to continue in Samoa for the foreseeable future, it is useful to identify those lessons from the PWD privatisation which might be applied to future projects to mitigate their social and organisational impact.

The subject of this thesis is the politics of economic restructuring, euphemistically termed 'reform' in the Pacific. Although structural adjustment policies are essentially neoliberal economic policies, the project of global economic restructuring, and its supposed end, a global regime of free trade, is a political one in several respects. It involves the wielding of economic power over developing countries by powerful multilateral institutions, developed countries and private corporate entities to such a degree that it is considered by some to represent the disciplining/subjugating and dis-empowering of developing states. It is supported by a successfully propagated ideology that combines economic growth theories (held to be infallible), 'good governance' rhetoric (with which no-one can reasonably disagree), and new notions of equality and 'non-discrimination' - the 'level playing field' and 'national treatment, in WTO parlance (which have been enshrined in enforceable global trade rules). It entails redefining the role of the state, transferring public ownership of assets to private hands, and removing subsidies that protect domestic industries and jobs, all of which are strongly contested. Successfully implementing 'reform' is widely acknowledged to require not only 'reform champions' but also 'ownership', and thus broad acceptance and legitimacy, yet commitments to restructuring are often made by government ministers without reference at all to national parliaments. National economic summits are used to rubber stamp or legitimate policies in a fait accompli. The thesis begins by situating the global regime of structural adjustment within the political context of North-South relations in the 1970s, the debt crisis of the early 1980s, and the collapse of socialist regimes and consequent discrediting of the socialist economic model and other variants of state-led development. It shows the key role of the World Bank in advocating the neoliberal model and setting the development aid agenda, and its abdication of this lead role after 1995 in favour of the World Trade Organisation and its agenda of global trade liberalisation. The thesis then examines the origins, agents and interests behind structural reform in the island states of the Pacific before focusing on how a regional approach to achieving regional wide economic restructuring and trade liberalisation is being taken, using a regional political organisation of Pacific Island states (The Pacific Islands Forum), and regional free trade agreements. It then illustrates the path of economic restructuring embarked on by Fiji following the 1987 coups, examines the implementation of 'economic reform' concurrently with policies to advance the interests of indigenous Fijians, and discusses some of the less acknowledged dimensions of reform.

Secretory immunoglobulin-A (S-IgA) in saliva may reflect levels of immune defence at other mucosal sites. Reduced levels of salivary S-IgA have been associated with an increased risk for upper respiratory symptoms (URS) in athletes. Previously, the consumption of a nutrition supplement, bovine colostrum (BC) by distance runners, was shown to significantly increase levels of salivary S-IgA compared to baseline; however the mechanism was not known. The immunomodulatory effect of BC is investigated further in these current studies. Twenty-five swimmers (12 males [M], 13 females [F], age 14-23 years) training at an elite level, 28 lightly-exercising students (9M, 19F, age 18-27 years), and 45 healthy older adults (20M, 20F, age 65-76 years), consumed a supplement of either BC or placebo for ten weeks. Saliva samples were collected at baseline, weekly for four weeks during supplementation and post-supplementation. Blood samples were collected at baseline, monthly during supplementation and post-supplementation. No significant changes were seen in levels of S-IgA in either BC or placebo groups within any of the cohorts. There was a trend towards a significant difference in URS reportage between BC and placebo groups in the swimmers cohort, but not in the students or older adults. There was also a trend towards a difference in the number of swimmers reporting URS. Fewer numbers of swimmers consuming BC reported URS compared the placebo (P=0.062) after consuming BC for four weeks compared to those consuming the placebo. Post-exercise plasma cortisol results were significantly reduced in the BC subgroup compared to the placebo (P=0.004). These results do not support the findings of previous intervention studies investigating the immunomodulatory effect of BC in athletes. However the reduced reportage of URS, among swimmers consuming the BC supplement, suggested there was some benefit to their health. A possible explanation is that BC has impacted on non-infectious causes of URS. Growth factors present in BC may enhance intestinal repair which could be advantageous to athletes recovering from bouts of prolonged intensive exercise. The effect of gastrointestinal disturbances on local and systemic immunity may be minimised which benefits immune protection. However an inconsistent effect of BC supplementation on immune protection in athletes means further research is still required. In these studies there was no benefit to immune protection in the student or older adult cohort. Further investigation into the safety of BC for all population groups is still required.