Academic literature on the topic 'Campylobacter species'
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Journal articles on the topic "Campylobacter species"
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Huang, Hongsheng, Brian W. Brooks, Ruff Lowman, and Catherine D. Carrillo. "Campylobacter species in animal, food, and environmental sources, and relevant testing programs in Canada." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 61, no. 10 (October 2015): 701–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2014-0770.
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Campylobacter species, particularly thermophilic campylobacters, have emerged as a leading cause of human foodborne gastroenteritis worldwide, with Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, and Campylobacter lari responsible for the majority of human infections. Although most cases of campylobacteriosis are self-limiting, campylobacteriosis represents a significant public health burden. Human illness caused by infection with campylobacters has been reported across Canada since the early 1970s. Many studies have shown that dietary sources, including food, particularly raw poultry and other meat products, raw milk, and contaminated water, have contributed to outbreaks of campylobacteriosis in Canada. Campylobacter spp. have also been detected in a wide range of animal and environmental sources, including water, in Canada. The purpose of this article is to review (i) the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in animals, food, and the environment, and (ii) the relevant testing programs in Canada with a focus on the potential links between campylobacters and human health in Canada.
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Makavchik, Svetlana A., Lubov I. Smirnova, Aleksandr A. Sukhinin, Vladimir A. Kuzmin, Sergei V. Pankratov, and Tatyana N. Rozhdestvenskaya. "Modern methods for species identification of thermophilic bacteria of Campylobacter species." Veterinariya, Zootekhniya i Biotekhnologiya 1, no. 11 (2021): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/vet.zoo.bio.202111003.
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Emergent thermophilic Campylobacter hepaticus is the causative agent of Spotty Liver Disease (SLD) in laying hens. C. hepaticus is difficult to cultivate because commercial media for the isolation and cultivation of Campylobacter contain cefoperazone, which inhibits many isolates of the C. hepaticus species. Campylobacter was isolated using modified Preston broth, incubated at 37 °C under microaerophilic conditions for 7 days and then subcultured onto selective Preston agar, erythritol agar with Oxoid selective additives and 5–7% defibrinated horse blood. Commercial test systems (API Campy) were used for identification. The use of the classical bacteriological diagnostic method, which is considered the 'gold' standard, is limited due to the difficulties of cultivation. The identification of new Campylobacter species requires revision of phenotypic identification algorithms. Specific primers for the identification of new Campylobacter species also need to be developed. In our studies, using the KAM-BAC kit, we detected Campylobacter jejuni DNA in clinically healthy birds. Consequently, the carriage of Campylobacter is massive. 30 samples of test material were examined using the molecular-biological method, and 60 samples using the bacteriological method. Analyzing the results of Campylobacter detection, it should be noted that thermophilic Campylobacteria were isolated from 60 clinical samples by the bacteriological method in 5,0% (3 Campylobacter cultures), and from 30 samples by the molecular-biological method in 27,0% (8 positive samples). Based on the analysis of the study results, it is necessary to conduct an in-depth study of the natural sources of Campylobacter hepaticus distribution, virulence factors, pathogenesis and mechanisms of infections caused by these emergent pathogens. The most promising research in the study of the causative agents of Campylobacteriosis in birds will be based on the application of innovative genomic technologies based on multiplex polymerase chain reactions and genome sequencing of Campylobacter hepaticus.
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Inglis, G. Douglas, Tim A. McAllister, Francis J. Larney, and Edward Topp. "Prolonged Survival of Campylobacter Species in Bovine Manure Compost." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 4 (December 18, 2009): 1110–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01902-09.
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ABSTRACT The persistence of naturally occurring campylobacteria in aerobic compost constructed of manure from beef cattle that were administered chlortetracycline and sulfamethazine (AS700) or from cattle not administered antibiotics (control) was examined. Although there were no differences in population sizes of heterotrophic bacteria, the temperature of AS700 compost was more variable and did not become as high as that of control compost. There were significant differences in water content, total carbon (C), total nitrogen (N), and electrical conductivity but not in the C/N ratio or pH between the two compost treatments. Campylobacteria were readily isolated from pen manure, for up to day 15 from control compost, and throughout the active phase of AS700 compost. Campylobacter DNA (including Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter fetus, Campylobacter hyointestinalis, and Campylobacter jejuni) was detected over the ca. 10-month composting period, and no reductions in quantities of C. jejuni DNA were observed over the duration of the active phase. The utilization of centrifugation in combination with ethidium monoazide (EMA) significantly reduced (>90%) the amplification of C. jejuni DNA that did not originate from cells with intact cell membranes. No differences were observed in the frequency of Campylobacter DNA detection between EMA- and non-EMA-treated samples, suggesting that Campylobacter DNA amplified from compost was extracted from cells with intact cell membranes (i.e., from viable cells). The findings of this study indicate that campylobacteria excreted in cattle feces persist for long periods in compost and call into question the common belief that these bacteria do not persist in manure.
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Kolackova, I., and R. Karpiskova. "Species level identification of thermotolerant campylobacters ." Veterinární Medicína 50, No. 12 (March 28, 2012): 543–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5663-vetmed.
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The aim of this study was to compare the phenotypic and genotypic based methods for species identification of thermotolerant campylobacters of human and food origin from the Czech Republic. Phenotypic methods are time-consuming and sometimes lead to intermediate results, therefore replacement by more specific and rapid methods are needed. Out of a total of 911 campylobacter strains tested, 800 human isolates were received from the clinical bacteriology laboratories from 5 regions and 111 foodstuff isolates (raw chicken and pork meat from retail market) originated from the routine examination in our laboratory. Based on the PCR method 85.1% of these strains were identified as C. jejuni, 12.5% as C. coli and 2.3% as mixed cultures of C. jejuni and C. coli. When species determination of campylobacters was based on conventional methods (hippurate hydrolysis test), 28.5% of the isolates were not identified correctly. The mixed cultures of campylobacters have not been detected without further subculturing of strains, which takes several days and enormously extends the identification process. The use of the PCR method showed to be a useful tool for species identification of Campylobacter spp.
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Inglis, G. D., L. D. Kalischuk, and H. W. Busz. "A survey ofCampylobacterspecies shed in faeces of beef cattle using polymerase chain reaction." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 49, no. 11 (November 1, 2003): 655–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w03-087.
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A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based survey of campylobacters associated with faeces collected from 382 beef cattle was undertaken. To ensure the removal of PCR inhibitors present in faeces and determine if adequate extraction was achieved, faeces were seeded with internal control DNA (i.e., DNA designed to amplify with the Campylobacter genus primer set, but provide a smaller amplicon) before the extraction procedure. In only two samples (0.5%) were the internal control or Campylobacter genus amplicons not detected. In the remaining 380 faecal samples, Campylobacter DNA was detected in 83% of the faecal samples (80% of the faecal samples were positive for Campylobacter genus DNA, and 3% of the samples were negative for Campylobacter genus DNA but positive for DNA of individual species). The most frequently detected species was Campylobacter lanienae (49%), a species only recently connected to livestock hosts. Campylobacter jejuni DNA was detected in 38% of the faecal samples, and Campylobacter hyointestinalis and Campylobacter coli DNA were detected in 8% and 0.5% of the samples, respectively. Campylobacter fetus DNA was not detected. Twenty-four percent of the faecal samples contained DNA of at least two species of Campylobacter. Of these samples, the majority (81%) contained DNA of C. jejuni and C. lanienae. The results of this study indicate that beef cattle commonly release a variety of Campylobacter species into the environment and may contribute to the high prevalence of campylobacteriosis in humans inhabiting areas of intensive cattle production, such as southern Alberta. Furthermore, this study demonstrates the utility of using PCR as a rapid and accurate method for simultaneously detecting the DNA of a diverse number of Campylobacter species associated with bovine faeces.Key words: campylobacters, detection, technique, Bos taurus.
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Daczkowska-Kozon, Elżbieta. "Campylobacter spp. in freshwater fishes." Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria 28, no. 2 (December 31, 1998): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3750/aip1998.28.2.09.
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The aim of this work was to assess to what extend freshwater fishes are carriers of Campylobacter spp. and what species dominate in this environment. Analysis of 106 alimentary canals representing 13 freshwater fish species originated from 5 different water bodies confirmed Campylobacter spp. presence in 8.5% of the samples tested. Numbers of campylobacters did not exceeded 10 CFU/g. The dominating species being C. coli.
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Abd El-Aziz, Norhan K., Ahmed M. Ammar, Mona M. Hamdy, Adil A. Gobouri, Ehab Azab, and Alaa H. Sewid. "First Report of aacC5-aadA7Δ4 Gene Cassette Array and Phage Tail Tape Measure Protein on Class 1 Integrons of Campylobacter Species Isolated from Animal and Human Sources in Egypt." Animals 10, no. 11 (November 8, 2020): 2067. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10112067.
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Campylobacter species are common commensals in the gastrointestinal tract of livestock animals; thus, animal-to-human transmission occurs frequently. We investigated for the first time, class 1 integrons and associated gene cassettes among pan drug-resistant (PDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and multidrug-resistant (MDR) Campylobacter species isolated from livestock animals and humans in Egypt. Campylobacter species were detected in 58.11% of the analyzed chicken samples represented as 67.53% Campylobacter jejuni(C. jejuni) and 32.47% Campylobacter coli (C. coli). C. jejuni isolates were reported in 51.42%, 74.28%, and 66.67% of examined minced meat, raw milk, and human stool samples, respectively. Variable antimicrobial resistance phenotypes; PDR (2.55%), XDR (68.94%), and MDR (28.5%) campylobacters were reported. Molecular analysis revealed that 97.36% of examined campylobacters were integrase gene-positive; all harbored the class 1 integrons, except one possessed an empty integron structure. DNA sequence analysis revealed the predominance of aadA (81.08%) and dfrA (67.56%) alleles accounting for resistance to aminoglycosides and trimethoprim, respectively. This is the first report of aacC5-aadA7Δ4 gene cassette array and a putative phage tail tape measure protein on class 1 integrons of Campylobacter isolates. Evidence from this study showed the possibility of Campylobacter–bacteriophage interactions and treatment failure in animals and humans due to horizontal gene transfer mediated by class 1 integrons.
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Otasevic, Marica, Branislava Lazarevic-Jovanovic, Desanka Tasic-Dimov, Nebojsa Djordjevic, and Biljana Miljkovic-Selimovic. "Participation of some campylobacter species in the etiology of enterocolitis." Vojnosanitetski pregled 61, no. 1 (2004): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp0401021o.
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Background. In recent decades, medical community has increasingly been calling attention to the importance of Campylobacter as an disease-causing agent in humans. Nowdays, Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) is known as the most frequent bacterial cause of diarrhea worldwide. Epidemiological differences of the infections caused by Campylobacter, present in the developed and the developing countries, are attributed to the differences of the types of virulence. Due to the specificity, and the demanding features of Campylobacter, as well as poorly equipped microbiological laboratories, campylobacteriosis is insufficiently studied in our country. This investigation aimed to determine the participation of some Campylobacter species in the etiology of diarrheal diseases in our population. Methods. The four-years continuous monitoring of Campylobacter presence was performed in the faeces of 12 605 patients with enterocolitis. The control group included 5 774 examinees of healthy children and youth. Faeces samples were cultivated on Skirrow's selective medium, and further incubated according to effective methodology for Campylobacter. Identification of strains was based on morphological, cultural and physiologic features of strains (oxidase test, catalase test, susceptibility to nalidixic acid, and hypurate hydrolysis). As a statistical method, for data processing, c2 test and Fisher?s exact test were used. Results. Campylobacter was proven in 3.86% of enterocolitis patients, and in 0.71% of healthy population. Out of 518 Campylobacter isolates, 86.48% belonged to enterocolitis outpatients, and 13,51% to inpatients. Predominant symptoms of the disease were diarrhea (81.83%), increased temperature (34.71%), vomiting (19.77%), and stomach pain (15.17%). The diseased were predominantly infants in the first year of life. Out of 300 Campylobacter isolates, 75% were identified as Campylobacer jejuni, 23% as Campylobacter coli (C. coli), and 2% as Campylobacter lari (C. lari). Conclusion. Species of Campylobacter genus participate in the etiology of enterocolitis at 3.86%. According to numerous parameters the infection in our population coincides with the infection in the population of European countries. Frequent findings of C. coli in our region are in discrepancy with the results of numerous studies conducted in the developed countries.
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Adekunle, Olutoyin Catherine. "Effect of Bile on Campylobacter species isolated from stool samples in Osogbo." Pan African Journal of Life Sciences 6, no. 2 (August 31, 2022): 453–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/pajols/2202/60.0230.
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Background: Campylobacter jejuni is a prevalent human pathogen and a major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. In humans, C. jejuni colonises the intestinal tract, and its tolerance to bile is crucial for bacteria to survive and establish infection. Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli have the highest rate of foodborne-related clinical Campylobacteriosis. The study aims to determine the effect of bile salts, acid, and bacteriocin on campylobacter isolates obtained from stool samples. Methods: Campylobacters were identified phenotypically in this study using biochemical tests and genotypically using 16S rRNA species-specific gene amplification by PCR. The confirmed twenty-five Campylobacter isolates comprising18 C. jejuni and 7 C. coli were tested for physiological factors such as bile tolerance, bacteriocin tolerance and ability to synthesise proteolytic enzymes on a solid medium. Results: Campylobacter isolates survived at different concentrations of bile (2.1 -6.8%), low pH (7.1- 3.2) and in the presence of bacteriocin (3.8-6.8 AU/mL) with the production of proteolytic enzymes in the range of 16.2-15.2 mm. Conclusion: The ability of Campylobacter spp to survive in the presence of bacteriocin and different concentrations of acid and bile salt indicates the strains’ virulence
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Chaban, Bonnie, Kristyna M. Musil, Chelsea G. Himsworth, and Janet E. Hill. "Development of cpn60-Based Real-Time Quantitative PCR Assays for the Detection of 14 Campylobacter Species and Application to Screening of Canine Fecal Samples." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, no. 10 (March 20, 2009): 3055–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00101-09.
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ABSTRACT Campylobacter species are important organisms in both human and animal health. The identification of Campylobacter currently requires the growth of organisms from complex samples and biochemical identification. In many cases, the condition of the sample being tested and/or the fastidious nature of many Campylobacter species has limited the detection of campylobacters in a laboratory setting. To address this, we have designed a set of real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays to detect and quantify 14 Campylobacter species, C. coli, C. concisus, C. curvus, C. fetus, C. gracilis, C. helveticus, C. hyointestinalis, C. jejuni, C. lari, C. mucosalis, C. rectus, C. showae, C. sputorum, and C. upsaliensis, directly from DNA extracted from feces. By use of a region of the cpn60 (also known as hsp60 or groEL) gene, which encodes the universally conserved 60-kDa chaperonin, species-specific assays were designed and validated. These assays were then employed to determine the prevalence of Campylobacter species in fecal samples from dogs. Fecal samples were found to contain detectable and quantifiable levels of C. fetus, C. gracilis, C. helveticus, C. jejuni, C. showae, and C. upsaliensis, with the majority of samples containing multiple Campylobacter species. This study represents the first report of C. fetus, C. gracilis, C. mucosalis, and C. showae detection in dogs and implicates dogs as a reservoir for these species. The qPCR assays described offer investigators a new tool to study many Campylobacter species in a culture-independent manner.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Campylobacter species"
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Cox, Joanne Mary. "Molecular genetics of Campylobacter species." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/29782.
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Campylobacter species are becoming increasingly significant to the health of humans. Campylobacters are notably difficult to isolate, maintain and manipulate and the use of molecular biology techniques is very limited. As a result few genes have been identified from this bacterium and little is known of its association with humans or animal disease in comparison to other enteric pathogens. A specifically targeted strategy employing the polymerase chain reaction with degenerate oligonucleotide primers (PCRDOP) was used to successfully clone portions of the C. upsaliensis flagellin genes, fla1 and fla2. Sequence analysis showed that the C. upsaliensis flagellin gene fragments were highly similar to the flagellin genes of C. jejuni and C. coli, although it contained a region of DNA extra to that of the other species. An alternative strategy was attempted to identify genes encoding potentially exported proteins using the transposon, TnPhoA. This technique resulted in the cloning of portions of the gene homologues of the a subunit of ATP synthase (uncB), an ATP-dependent protease (sms), two cytochromes (clpA and clpB), a cytochrome oxidase bd (cydA) and polyphosphate kinase (ppK). This is the first report of the identification of cytochrome bd in a campylobacter species. Campylobacters were previously thought to possess cytochromes of the b and c types only, and not the a or d types. The cytochrome bd is often hidden in other species when using traditional methods for identification of bacterial cytochromes involving spectrophotometry. A defined mutant in the putative cydA gene was engineered using a novel strategy for the transformation of campylobacters. The phenotype was investigated and revealed severe growth restrictions at low oxygen tensions.
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Frost, Helen. "N-linked protein glycosylation in Campylobacter and Helicobacter species." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/nlinked-protein-glycosylation-in-campylobacter-and-helicobacter-species(ca49728c-1406-463f-bead-99d7cf336cb9).html.
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N-linked protein glycosylation is the enzymatic transfer of a carbohydrate glycan to an asparagine residue of a polypeptide, catalysed by an N-oligosaccharyl transferase(OTase). Bacterial N-glycosylation is best understood in the foodborne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni, in which a heptasaccharide glycan is built at cytoplasmic face of the inner membrane, flipped to the periplasm and transferred to a polypeptide enbloc. C. jejuni encodes each of the proteins required for the N-glycosylation pathway in a single genetic region, termed the pgl locus. Homologues of the gene encoding the C. jejuni OTase, PglB, are found in all Campylobacter species, three Helicobacter species, and more distantly related ε- and δ-Proteobacteria species such as Wolinella succinogenes, Desulfovibrio desulfuricans and Nitratiruptor tergarcus. A small numberof Campylobacter species and all three pglB-containing Helicobacter species have two distinct pglB genes, pglB1 and pglB2, along with homologues of other C. jejuni pgl genes. The work presented in this thesis investigated the N-glycosylation system of a bacterial species encoding two distinct PglBs, C. concisus. The roles of the two PglB enzymes in C. concisus were investigated using an in vitro OTase assay, and the structure of a C. concisus N-glycan elucidated by mass spectrometry. The work in this thesis also expands our knowledge of C. jejuni N-glycosylation by investigating the full scope of N-glycosylation using an in silico method to predict the total C. jejuni N-glycoproteome. This was followed by experimental validation of these predictions, in which three novel C. jejuni N-glycoproteins were identified, bringing the number of reported C. jejuni NCTC 11168 N-glycoproteins to 57. One of these novel N-glycoproteins, Cj0633, is the most extensively N-glycosylated bacterial glycoprotein reported to date, with the addition of up to eight N-glycans when expressed in the presence of the C. jejuni pgl machinery. In the final investigation presented in this thesis, a method to identify bacterial N-glycoproteins using anti-glycan antisera to immunoprecipitate N-glycoproteins was developed. These data expand our knowledge of C. concisus N-glycosylation and provide valuable insight into the full scope of N-glycosylation in C. jejuni.
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Williams, Lisa Kate. "Optimisation of detection methods for the foodborne pathogen Campylobacter species." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.508068.
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Morris, Samantha J. S. "Characterisation of toxins produced by 'Campylobacter jejuni' and related species." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442085.
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Hodge, Jeffrey Paul. "Development and use of a chemically defined medium for estimating the oxygen tolerance of campylobacter species." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03032009-040333/.
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Daucher, James Andrew. "Occurrence of pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase in Campylobacter, Wolinella, Helicobacter and Arcobacter species." Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09052009-040436/.
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Aroori, Sree Vidya. "Effect of host factors on the virulence properties of Campylobacter species." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.509760.
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Lawson, Andrew Jeffrey. "The prevalence of Campylobacter species in human gastroenteritis : a molecular approach." Thesis, Open University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342935.
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Mehat, Jai. "Characterisation of CapC, a novel strain-specific autotransporter in Campylobacter species." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2017. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/841594/.
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Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are recognised as the principal causative agents of bacterial gastroenteritis in the developed world. However, despite the identification of factors integral to infection, characterisation of the virulence strategies employed by Campylobacter remains a significant challenge. Bacterial autotransporter proteins comprise the largest and most diverse class of secretory proteins in Gram-negative bacteria; notably almost all previously characterised autotransporter proteins contribute to bacterial virulence to some extent. The aim of this study was to characterise CapC, a newly identified, strain-specific gene predicted to encode an autotransporter protein, and to examine the contribution of this factor to the virulence of Campylobacter jejuni. The capC gene was initially confirmed as being encoded by approximately 60% of C. jejuni and C. coli human clinical and poultry associated isolates. Moreover, CapC was confirmed as a member of the autotransporter family through the use of bioinformatic prediction tools and the localisation site of this protein was determined as the outer membrane of C. jejuni. Targeted mutagenesis of the capC gene in C. jejuni 81116 and C. jejuni M1 and subsequent comparison of wild-type and isogenic mutant strains demonstrated that CapC contributes directly to virulence in the Galleria mellonella invertebrate model (p=0.00017; p=0.002323). Furthermore, tissue culture assays using non-polarised, partially differentiated Caco-2 and T84 intestinal epithelial cells indicate that deletion of CapC resulted in significantly decreased adhesion and invasion efficiency. Additional analyses indicated that CapC primarily contributes to adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells. Additional assays showed that deletion of the capC gene has no significant phenotypic effect on cytotoxicity in a Caco-2 cell model. A secondary aim of this study was to examine the distribution of capC amongst campylobacters and to establish any potential genetic associations of this virulence determinant. Using publically vi available genome sequences, capC was established to be highly prevalent in C. jejuni (67.9%) and C. coli (84%). Campylobacter autotransporter proteins were also shown to be present in truncated and full length forms. Interestingly, full length CapC was shown to be primarily associated with the ST-45, ST-283 and ST-573 clonal complexes in C. jejuni and the ST-828 clonal complex in C. coli. Furthermore, this study detailed the identification of a novel autotransporter in Campylobacter species, tentatively designated as CapD. This autotransporter was found to be genetically distinct from CapC and is the most prevalent autotransporter identified in Campylobacter species. The studies presented in this thesis indicate that CapC is a strain-specific virulence determinant in Campylobacter species that is associated with select lineages of C. jejuni and C. coli. CapC contributes to the integral infection process of adhesion however further studies are required to fully elucidate the exact nature of this interaction. Additionally, it can be concluded that possession of Campylobacter autotransporter proteins is dependent on genetic background.
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Peyrot, Belinda Margaret. "A microbiological and molecular study of campylobacter and related species isolated from ostriches (Struthio camelus)." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4155.
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>Magister Scientiae - MScCampylobacter and related Epsilonproteobacteria (Arcobacter and Helicobacter) are currently viewed as emerging pathogens and are able to cause gastroenteritis, bacteraemia, the Guillain-Barré syndrome, reactive arthritis and other diseases in humans. While poultry, cattle and sheep are known reservoirs for campylobacter, very little is known about ostriches as a vector for these organisms. What is known, however, is that these birds can and sometimes do get infected. Studies by various researchers have provided evidence that various species of animals shed Epsilonproteobacteria in their faeces. In this study, qualitative microbiological assays were performed on liver, caecum and colon samples predominantly from healthy ostriches presented for slaughter, to detect any Epsilonproteobacteria present. Samples were collected at an abattoir in the Western Cape between February and December 2010. Qualitative microbiological assays were also performed on 50 faecal samples collected on a farm. Epsilonproteobacteria were isolated from the tissue samples and characterized following the phenotypic and biochemical scheme presented in the Cape Town protocol. This protocol uses membrane filtration onto antibiotic-free Tryptose blood agar plates, and incubation at 37 ºC in a hydrogen-enhanced microaerobic atmosphere (Lastovica, 2006). The isolates were identified as C. jejuni subsp. jejuni. The multiplex PCR of Neubauer and Hess (2006) was applied to some of these isolates. A panel of isolates consisting of C. jejuni subsp. jejuni, C. fetus and E. coli was used to verify the DNA extraction procedure. The C. fetus and E. coli isolates were used as negative controls, and although DNA was successfully extracted from them, no bands were observed in the respective lanes of electrophoresed gels after application of the PCR.
Books on the topic "Campylobacter species"
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McClurg, Karin Rosemary. The use of selective media and a filtration technique for the isolation of campylobacter species. [S.l: The Author], 1993.
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Berndtson, Eva. Campylobacter in broiler chickens: The mode of spread in chicken flocks with special reference to food hygiene. Uppsala: Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet, 1996.
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Matthews, Philippa C. Infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria. Edited by Philippa C. Matthews. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198737773.003.0004.
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This chapter consists of short notes, diagrams, and tables to summarize Gram-negative organisms that are significant causes of disease in the tropics and subtropics. This includes Escherichia coli, Shigella, and Salmonella species (including typhoid and paratyphoid), Brucella, melioid, Campylobacter, and meningococci. For ease of reference, each topic is broken down into sections, including classification, epidemiology, microbiology, pathophysiology, clinical syndromes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
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Palmer, Stephen. Deliberate release of zoonotic agents. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0002.
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Since 9/11 2001, international attention has once again focused on the risks to human and animal health from the deliberate release of infectious or toxic chemical agents. In theory any agent could be used by terrorists and disaffected people, but the most serious risk for infectious agents are mainly zoonotic (Franz et al. 1997). Three modes of exposure may be anticipated, inhalation of powder or spray or dust from explosives, direct contact or inoculation from an explosion, and ingestion. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) list 19 bioterrorism agents or groups of agents of which 14 are zoonotic. In Category A are 6 agents which can be easily disseminated or transmitted from person to person, that result in high mortality rates and have the potential for major public health impact, which might cause public panic and social disruption and which require special action from public health preparedness. Of these 6, four are zoonoses — Anthrax, Plague, Tularaemia and Viral Haemorrhagic Fevers. In Category B, are 12 groups of agents, which are moderately easy to disseminate and cause moderate morbidity. Of these 12 groups, 8 contain zoonoses: Brucellosis, Food Safety threats (e.g. Salmonella, E.coli 0157, Campylobacter), Meliodiosis, Psittacoccosis, Q Fever, Typhus, Viral encephalitis, Water safety threats (e.g. Cryptosporidium).
Book chapters on the topic "Campylobacter species"
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On, Stephen L. W., Noel McCarthy, William G. Miller, and Brent J. Gilpin. "Molecular Epidemiology of Campylobacter Species." In Campylobacter, 191–211. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555815554.ch10.
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Stechenberg, Barbara. "Campylobacter Species." In The Neurological Manifestations of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunodeficiency Syndromes, 223–26. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-391-2_18.
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Coia, John, and Heather Cubie. "Campylobacter species." In The Immunoassay Kit Directory, 677–78. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0359-3_6.
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Lamps, Laura W. "Campylobacter Species." In Surgical Pathology of the Gastrointestinal System: Bacterial, Fungal, Viral, and Parasitic Infections, 13–15. New York, NY: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0861-2_3.
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Habib, Ihab, Lieven De Zutter, and Mieke Uyttendaele. "Campylobacter Species." In Food Microbiology, 263–86. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555818463.ch11.
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Fitzgerald, Collette, Jean Whichard, and Irving Nachamkin. "Diagnosis and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Campylobacter Species." In Campylobacter, 227–43. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555815554.ch12.
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Miller, William G. "Comparative Genomics of Campylobacter Species Other than Campylobacter jejuni." In Campylobacter, 73–95. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555815554.ch5.
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Epping, Lennard, Esther-Maria Antão, and Torsten Semmler. "Population Biology and Comparative Genomics of Campylobacter Species." In Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, 59–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65481-8_3.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe zoonotic pathogen Campylobacter is the leading cause for bacterial foodborne infections in humans. Campylobacters are most commonly transmitted via the consumption of undercooked poultry meat or raw milk products. The decreasing costs of whole genome sequencing enabled large genome-based analyses of the evolution and population structure of this pathogen, as well as the development of novel high-throughput molecular typing methods. Here, we review the evolutionary development and the population diversity of the two most clinically relevant Campylobacter species; C. jejuni and C. coli. The state-of-the-art phylogenetic studies showed clustering of C. jejuni lineages into host specialists and generalists with coexisting lifestyles in chicken and livestock-associated hosts, as well as the separation of C. coli isolates of riparian origin (waterfowl, water) from C. coli isolated from clinical and farm-related samples. We will give an overview of recombination between both species and the potential impact of horizontal gene transfer on host adaptation in Campylobacter. Additionally, this review briefly places the current knowledge of the population structure of other Campylobacter species such as C. lari, C. concisus and C. upsaliensis into perspective. We also provide an overview of how molecular typing methods such as multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and whole genome MLST have been used to detect and trace Campylobacter outbreaks along the food chain.
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Habib, Ihab, Lieven De Zutter, and Mieke Uyttendaele. "Eleven Campylobacter Species." In Food Microbiology, 263–87. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555819972.ch10.
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Lastovica, Albert J., and Ban Mishu Allos. "Clinical Significance of Campylobacter and Related Species Other Than Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli." In Campylobacter, 123–49. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555815554.ch7.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Campylobacter species"
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Jensen, A. N., and E. M. Nielsen. "Campylobacter species distribution in outdoor pigs." In Second International Symposium on Epidemiology and Control of Salmonella in Pork. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/safepork-180809-479.
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Young, Colin R., Alice Lee, and Larry H. Stanker. "Detection of Campylobacter species using monoclonal antibodies." In Photonics East (ISAM, VVDC, IEMB), edited by Yud-Ren Chen. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.335779.
Full textReports on the topic "Campylobacter species"
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Jorgensen, Frieda, Andre Charlett, Craig Swift, Anais Painset, and Nicolae Corcionivoschi. A survey of the levels of Campylobacter spp. contamination and prevalence of selected antimicrobial resistance determinants in fresh whole UK-produced chilled chickens at retail sale (non-major retailers). Food Standards Agency, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.xls618.
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Campylobacter spp. are the most common bacterial cause of foodborne illness in the UK, with chicken considered to be the most important vehicle for this organism. The UK Food Standards Agency (FSA) agreed with industry to reduce Campylobacter spp. contamination in raw chicken and issued a target to reduce the prevalence of the most contaminated chickens (those with more than 1000 cfu per g chicken neck skin) to below 10 % at the end of the slaughter process, initially by 2016. To help monitor progress, a series of UK-wide surveys were undertaken to determine the levels of Campylobacter spp. on whole UK-produced, fresh chicken at retail sale in the UK. The data obtained for the first four years was reported in FSA projects FS241044 (2014/15) and FS102121 (2015 to 2018). The FSA has indicated that the retail proxy target for the percentage of highly contaminated raw whole retail chickens should be less than 7% and while continued monitoring has demonstrated a sustained decline for chickens from major retailer stores, chicken on sale in other stores have yet to meet this target. This report presents results from testing chickens from non-major retailer stores (only) in a fifth survey year from 2018 to 2019. In line with previous practise, samples were collected from stores distributed throughout the UK (in proportion to the population size of each country). Testing was performed by two laboratories - a Public Health England (PHE) laboratory or the Agri-Food & Biosciences Institute (AFBI), Belfast. Enumeration of Campylobacter spp. was performed using the ISO 10272-2 standard enumeration method applied with a detection limit of 10 colony forming units (cfu) per gram (g) of neck skin. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to selected antimicrobials in accordance with those advised in the EU harmonised monitoring protocol was predicted from genome sequence data in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolates The percentage (10.8%) of fresh, whole chicken at retail sale in stores of smaller chains (for example, Iceland, McColl’s, Budgens, Nisa, Costcutter, One Stop), independents and butchers (collectively referred to as non-major retailer stores in this report) in the UK that are highly contaminated (at more than 1000 cfu per g) with Campylobacter spp. has decreased since the previous survey year but is still higher than that found in samples from major retailers. 8 whole fresh raw chickens from non-major retailer stores were collected from August 2018 to July 2019 (n = 1009). Campylobacter spp. were detected in 55.8% of the chicken skin samples obtained from non-major retailer shops, and 10.8% of the samples had counts above 1000 cfu per g chicken skin. Comparison among production plant approval codes showed significant differences of the percentages of chicken samples with more than 1000 cfu per g, ranging from 0% to 28.1%. The percentage of samples with more than 1000 cfu of Campylobacter spp. per g was significantly higher in the period May, June and July than in the period November to April. The percentage of highly contaminated samples was significantly higher for samples taken from larger compared to smaller chickens. There was no statistical difference in the percentage of highly contaminated samples between those obtained from chicken reared with access to range (for example, free-range and organic birds) and those reared under standard regime (for example, no access to range) but the small sample size for organic and to a lesser extent free-range chickens, may have limited the ability to detect important differences should they exist. Campylobacter species was determined for isolates from 93.4% of the positive samples. C. jejuni was isolated from the majority (72.6%) of samples while C. coli was identified in 22.1% of samples. A combination of both species was found in 5.3% of samples. C. coli was more frequently isolated from samples obtained from chicken reared with access to range in comparison to those reared as standard birds. C. jejuni was less prevalent during the summer months of June, July and August compared to the remaining months of the year. Resistance to ciprofloxacin (fluoroquinolone), erythromycin (macrolide), tetracycline, (tetracyclines), gentamicin and streptomycin (aminoglycosides) was predicted from WGS data by the detection of known antimicrobial resistance determinants. Resistance to ciprofloxacin was detected in 185 (51.7%) isolates of C. jejuni and 49 (42.1%) isolates of C. coli; while 220 (61.1%) isolates of C. jejuni and 73 (62.9%) isolates of C. coli isolates were resistant to tetracycline. Three C. coli (2.6%) but none of the C. jejuni isolates harboured 23S mutations predicting reduced susceptibility to erythromycin. Multidrug resistance (MDR), defined as harbouring genetic determinants for resistance to at least three unrelated antimicrobial classes, was found in 10 (8.6%) C. coli isolates but not in any C. jejuni isolates. Co-resistance to ciprofloxacin and erythromycin was predicted in 1.7% of C. coli isolates. 9 Overall, the percentages of isolates with genetic AMR determinants found in this study were similar to those reported in the previous survey year (August 2016 to July 2017) where testing was based on phenotypic break-point testing. Multi-drug resistance was similar to that found in the previous survey years. It is recommended that trends in AMR in Campylobacter spp. isolates from retail chickens continue to be monitored to realise any increasing resistance of concern, particulary to erythromycin (macrolide). Considering that the percentage of fresh, whole chicken from non-major retailer stores in the UK that are highly contaminated (at more than 1000 cfu per g) with Campylobacter spp. continues to be above that in samples from major retailers more action including consideration of interventions such as improved biosecurity and slaughterhouse measures is needed to achieve better control of Campylobacter spp. for this section of the industry. The FSA has indicated that the retail proxy target for the percentage of highly contaminated retail chickens should be less than 7% and while continued monitoring has demonstrated a sustained decline for chickens from major retailer stores, chicken on sale in other stores have yet to meet this target.
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McCarthy, Noel, Eileen Taylor, Martin Maiden, Alison Cody, Melissa Jansen van Rensburg, Margaret Varga, Sophie Hedges, et al. Enhanced molecular-based (MLST/whole genome) surveillance and source attribution of Campylobacter infections in the UK. Food Standards Agency, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.ksj135.
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This human campylobacteriosis sentinel surveillance project was based at two sites in Oxfordshire and North East England chosen (i) to be representative of the English population on the Office for National Statistics urban-rural classification and (ii) to provide continuity with genetic surveillance started in Oxfordshire in October 2003. Between October 2015 and September 2018 epidemiological questionnaires and genome sequencing of isolates from human cases was accompanied by sampling and genome sequencing of isolates from possible food animal sources. The principal aim was to estimate the contributions of the main sources of human infection and to identify any changes over time. An extension to the project focussed on antimicrobial resistance in study isolates and older archived isolates. These older isolates were from earlier years at the Oxfordshire site and the earliest available coherent set of isolates from the national archive at Public Health England (1997/8). The aim of this additional work was to analyse the emergence of the antimicrobial resistance that is now present among human isolates and to describe and compare antimicrobial resistance in recent food animal isolates. Having identified the presence of bias in population genetic attribution, and that this was not addressed in the published literature, this study developed an approach to adjust for bias in population genetic attribution, and an alternative approach to attribution using sentinel types. Using these approaches the study estimated that approximately 70% of Campylobacter jejuni and just under 50% of C. coli infection in our sample was linked to the chicken source and that this was relatively stable over time. Ruminants were identified as the second most common source for C. jejuni and the most common for C. coli where there was also some evidence for pig as a source although less common than ruminant or chicken. These genomic attributions of themselves make no inference on routes of transmission. However, those infected with isolates genetically typical of chicken origin were substantially more likely to have eaten chicken than those infected with ruminant types. Consumption of lamb’s liver was very strongly associated with infection by a strain genetically typical of a ruminant source. These findings support consumption of these foods as being important in the transmission of these infections and highlight a potentially important role for lamb’s liver consumption as a source of Campylobacter infection. Antimicrobial resistance was predicted from genomic data using a pipeline validated by Public Health England and using BIGSdb software. In C. jejuni this showed a nine-fold increase in resistance to fluoroquinolones from 1997 to 2018. Tetracycline resistance was also common, with higher initial resistance (1997) and less substantial change over time. Resistance to aminoglycosides or macrolides remained low in human cases across all time periods. Among C. jejuni food animal isolates, fluoroquinolone resistance was common among isolates from chicken and substantially less common among ruminants, ducks or pigs. Tetracycline resistance was common across chicken, duck and pig but lower among ruminant origin isolates. In C. coli resistance to all four antimicrobial classes rose from low levels in 1997. The fluoroquinolone rise appears to have levelled off earlier and among animals, levels are high in duck as well as chicken isolates, although based on small sample sizes, macrolide and aminoglycoside resistance, was substantially higher than for C. jejuni among humans and highest among pig origin isolates. Tetracycline resistance is high in isolates from pigs and the very small sample from ducks. Antibiotic use following diagnosis was relatively high (43.4%) among respondents in the human surveillance study. Moreover, it varied substantially across sites and was highest among non-elderly adults compared to older adults or children suggesting opportunities for improved antimicrobial stewardship. The study also found evidence for stable lineages over time across human and source animal species as well as some tighter genomic clusters that may represent outbreaks. The genomic dataset will allow extensive further work beyond the specific goals of the study. This has been made accessible on the web, with access supported by data visualisation tools.