To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Campylobacter species.
Journal articles on the topic 'Campylobacter species'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Campylobacter species.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Huang, Hongsheng, Brian W. Brooks, Ruff Lowman, and Catherine D. Carrillo. "Campylobacter species in animal, food, and environmental sources, and relevant testing programs in Canada." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 61, no. 10 (October 2015): 701–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2014-0770.
Full textAbstract:
Campylobacter species, particularly thermophilic campylobacters, have emerged as a leading cause of human foodborne gastroenteritis worldwide, with Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, and Campylobacter lari responsible for the majority of human infections. Although most cases of campylobacteriosis are self-limiting, campylobacteriosis represents a significant public health burden. Human illness caused by infection with campylobacters has been reported across Canada since the early 1970s. Many studies have shown that dietary sources, including food, particularly raw poultry and other meat products, raw milk, and contaminated water, have contributed to outbreaks of campylobacteriosis in Canada. Campylobacter spp. have also been detected in a wide range of animal and environmental sources, including water, in Canada. The purpose of this article is to review (i) the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in animals, food, and the environment, and (ii) the relevant testing programs in Canada with a focus on the potential links between campylobacters and human health in Canada.
2
Makavchik, Svetlana A., Lubov I. Smirnova, Aleksandr A. Sukhinin, Vladimir A. Kuzmin, Sergei V. Pankratov, and Tatyana N. Rozhdestvenskaya. "Modern methods for species identification of thermophilic bacteria of Campylobacter species." Veterinariya, Zootekhniya i Biotekhnologiya 1, no. 11 (2021): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/vet.zoo.bio.202111003.
Full textAbstract:
Emergent thermophilic Campylobacter hepaticus is the causative agent of Spotty Liver Disease (SLD) in laying hens. C. hepaticus is difficult to cultivate because commercial media for the isolation and cultivation of Campylobacter contain cefoperazone, which inhibits many isolates of the C. hepaticus species. Campylobacter was isolated using modified Preston broth, incubated at 37 °C under microaerophilic conditions for 7 days and then subcultured onto selective Preston agar, erythritol agar with Oxoid selective additives and 5–7% defibrinated horse blood. Commercial test systems (API Campy) were used for identification. The use of the classical bacteriological diagnostic method, which is considered the 'gold' standard, is limited due to the difficulties of cultivation. The identification of new Campylobacter species requires revision of phenotypic identification algorithms. Specific primers for the identification of new Campylobacter species also need to be developed. In our studies, using the KAM-BAC kit, we detected Campylobacter jejuni DNA in clinically healthy birds. Consequently, the carriage of Campylobacter is massive. 30 samples of test material were examined using the molecular-biological method, and 60 samples using the bacteriological method. Analyzing the results of Campylobacter detection, it should be noted that thermophilic Campylobacteria were isolated from 60 clinical samples by the bacteriological method in 5,0% (3 Campylobacter cultures), and from 30 samples by the molecular-biological method in 27,0% (8 positive samples). Based on the analysis of the study results, it is necessary to conduct an in-depth study of the natural sources of Campylobacter hepaticus distribution, virulence factors, pathogenesis and mechanisms of infections caused by these emergent pathogens. The most promising research in the study of the causative agents of Campylobacteriosis in birds will be based on the application of innovative genomic technologies based on multiplex polymerase chain reactions and genome sequencing of Campylobacter hepaticus.
3
Inglis, G. Douglas, Tim A. McAllister, Francis J. Larney, and Edward Topp. "Prolonged Survival of Campylobacter Species in Bovine Manure Compost." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 4 (December 18, 2009): 1110–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01902-09.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT The persistence of naturally occurring campylobacteria in aerobic compost constructed of manure from beef cattle that were administered chlortetracycline and sulfamethazine (AS700) or from cattle not administered antibiotics (control) was examined. Although there were no differences in population sizes of heterotrophic bacteria, the temperature of AS700 compost was more variable and did not become as high as that of control compost. There were significant differences in water content, total carbon (C), total nitrogen (N), and electrical conductivity but not in the C/N ratio or pH between the two compost treatments. Campylobacteria were readily isolated from pen manure, for up to day 15 from control compost, and throughout the active phase of AS700 compost. Campylobacter DNA (including Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter fetus, Campylobacter hyointestinalis, and Campylobacter jejuni) was detected over the ca. 10-month composting period, and no reductions in quantities of C. jejuni DNA were observed over the duration of the active phase. The utilization of centrifugation in combination with ethidium monoazide (EMA) significantly reduced (>90%) the amplification of C. jejuni DNA that did not originate from cells with intact cell membranes. No differences were observed in the frequency of Campylobacter DNA detection between EMA- and non-EMA-treated samples, suggesting that Campylobacter DNA amplified from compost was extracted from cells with intact cell membranes (i.e., from viable cells). The findings of this study indicate that campylobacteria excreted in cattle feces persist for long periods in compost and call into question the common belief that these bacteria do not persist in manure.
4
Kolackova, I., and R. Karpiskova. "Species level identification of thermotolerant campylobacters ." Veterinární Medicína 50, No. 12 (March 28, 2012): 543–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5663-vetmed.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study was to compare the phenotypic and genotypic based methods for species identification of thermotolerant campylobacters of human and food origin from the Czech Republic. Phenotypic methods are time-consuming and sometimes lead to intermediate results, therefore replacement by more specific and rapid methods are needed. Out of a total of 911 campylobacter strains tested, 800 human isolates were received from the clinical bacteriology laboratories from 5 regions and 111 foodstuff isolates (raw chicken and pork meat from retail market) originated from the routine examination in our laboratory. Based on the PCR method 85.1% of these strains were identified as C. jejuni, 12.5% as C. coli and 2.3% as mixed cultures of C. jejuni and C. coli. When species determination of campylobacters was based on conventional methods (hippurate hydrolysis test), 28.5% of the isolates were not identified correctly. The mixed cultures of campylobacters have not been detected without further subculturing of strains, which takes several days and enormously extends the identification process. The use of the PCR method showed to be a useful tool for species identification of Campylobacter spp.
5
Inglis, G. D., L. D. Kalischuk, and H. W. Busz. "A survey ofCampylobacterspecies shed in faeces of beef cattle using polymerase chain reaction." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 49, no. 11 (November 1, 2003): 655–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w03-087.
Full textAbstract:
A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based survey of campylobacters associated with faeces collected from 382 beef cattle was undertaken. To ensure the removal of PCR inhibitors present in faeces and determine if adequate extraction was achieved, faeces were seeded with internal control DNA (i.e., DNA designed to amplify with the Campylobacter genus primer set, but provide a smaller amplicon) before the extraction procedure. In only two samples (0.5%) were the internal control or Campylobacter genus amplicons not detected. In the remaining 380 faecal samples, Campylobacter DNA was detected in 83% of the faecal samples (80% of the faecal samples were positive for Campylobacter genus DNA, and 3% of the samples were negative for Campylobacter genus DNA but positive for DNA of individual species). The most frequently detected species was Campylobacter lanienae (49%), a species only recently connected to livestock hosts. Campylobacter jejuni DNA was detected in 38% of the faecal samples, and Campylobacter hyointestinalis and Campylobacter coli DNA were detected in 8% and 0.5% of the samples, respectively. Campylobacter fetus DNA was not detected. Twenty-four percent of the faecal samples contained DNA of at least two species of Campylobacter. Of these samples, the majority (81%) contained DNA of C. jejuni and C. lanienae. The results of this study indicate that beef cattle commonly release a variety of Campylobacter species into the environment and may contribute to the high prevalence of campylobacteriosis in humans inhabiting areas of intensive cattle production, such as southern Alberta. Furthermore, this study demonstrates the utility of using PCR as a rapid and accurate method for simultaneously detecting the DNA of a diverse number of Campylobacter species associated with bovine faeces.Key words: campylobacters, detection, technique, Bos taurus.
6
Daczkowska-Kozon, Elżbieta. "Campylobacter spp. in freshwater fishes." Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria 28, no. 2 (December 31, 1998): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3750/aip1998.28.2.09.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this work was to assess to what extend freshwater fishes are carriers of Campylobacter spp. and what species dominate in this environment. Analysis of 106 alimentary canals representing 13 freshwater fish species originated from 5 different water bodies confirmed Campylobacter spp. presence in 8.5% of the samples tested. Numbers of campylobacters did not exceeded 10 CFU/g. The dominating species being C. coli.
7
Abd El-Aziz, Norhan K., Ahmed M. Ammar, Mona M. Hamdy, Adil A. Gobouri, Ehab Azab, and Alaa H. Sewid. "First Report of aacC5-aadA7Δ4 Gene Cassette Array and Phage Tail Tape Measure Protein on Class 1 Integrons of Campylobacter Species Isolated from Animal and Human Sources in Egypt." Animals 10, no. 11 (November 8, 2020): 2067. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10112067.
Full textAbstract:
Campylobacter species are common commensals in the gastrointestinal tract of livestock animals; thus, animal-to-human transmission occurs frequently. We investigated for the first time, class 1 integrons and associated gene cassettes among pan drug-resistant (PDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and multidrug-resistant (MDR) Campylobacter species isolated from livestock animals and humans in Egypt. Campylobacter species were detected in 58.11% of the analyzed chicken samples represented as 67.53% Campylobacter jejuni(C. jejuni) and 32.47% Campylobacter coli (C. coli). C. jejuni isolates were reported in 51.42%, 74.28%, and 66.67% of examined minced meat, raw milk, and human stool samples, respectively. Variable antimicrobial resistance phenotypes; PDR (2.55%), XDR (68.94%), and MDR (28.5%) campylobacters were reported. Molecular analysis revealed that 97.36% of examined campylobacters were integrase gene-positive; all harbored the class 1 integrons, except one possessed an empty integron structure. DNA sequence analysis revealed the predominance of aadA (81.08%) and dfrA (67.56%) alleles accounting for resistance to aminoglycosides and trimethoprim, respectively. This is the first report of aacC5-aadA7Δ4 gene cassette array and a putative phage tail tape measure protein on class 1 integrons of Campylobacter isolates. Evidence from this study showed the possibility of Campylobacter–bacteriophage interactions and treatment failure in animals and humans due to horizontal gene transfer mediated by class 1 integrons.
8
Otasevic, Marica, Branislava Lazarevic-Jovanovic, Desanka Tasic-Dimov, Nebojsa Djordjevic, and Biljana Miljkovic-Selimovic. "Participation of some campylobacter species in the etiology of enterocolitis." Vojnosanitetski pregled 61, no. 1 (2004): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp0401021o.
Full textAbstract:
Background. In recent decades, medical community has increasingly been calling attention to the importance of Campylobacter as an disease-causing agent in humans. Nowdays, Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) is known as the most frequent bacterial cause of diarrhea worldwide. Epidemiological differences of the infections caused by Campylobacter, present in the developed and the developing countries, are attributed to the differences of the types of virulence. Due to the specificity, and the demanding features of Campylobacter, as well as poorly equipped microbiological laboratories, campylobacteriosis is insufficiently studied in our country. This investigation aimed to determine the participation of some Campylobacter species in the etiology of diarrheal diseases in our population. Methods. The four-years continuous monitoring of Campylobacter presence was performed in the faeces of 12 605 patients with enterocolitis. The control group included 5 774 examinees of healthy children and youth. Faeces samples were cultivated on Skirrow's selective medium, and further incubated according to effective methodology for Campylobacter. Identification of strains was based on morphological, cultural and physiologic features of strains (oxidase test, catalase test, susceptibility to nalidixic acid, and hypurate hydrolysis). As a statistical method, for data processing, c2 test and Fisher?s exact test were used. Results. Campylobacter was proven in 3.86% of enterocolitis patients, and in 0.71% of healthy population. Out of 518 Campylobacter isolates, 86.48% belonged to enterocolitis outpatients, and 13,51% to inpatients. Predominant symptoms of the disease were diarrhea (81.83%), increased temperature (34.71%), vomiting (19.77%), and stomach pain (15.17%). The diseased were predominantly infants in the first year of life. Out of 300 Campylobacter isolates, 75% were identified as Campylobacer jejuni, 23% as Campylobacter coli (C. coli), and 2% as Campylobacter lari (C. lari). Conclusion. Species of Campylobacter genus participate in the etiology of enterocolitis at 3.86%. According to numerous parameters the infection in our population coincides with the infection in the population of European countries. Frequent findings of C. coli in our region are in discrepancy with the results of numerous studies conducted in the developed countries.
9
Adekunle, Olutoyin Catherine. "Effect of Bile on Campylobacter species isolated from stool samples in Osogbo." Pan African Journal of Life Sciences 6, no. 2 (August 31, 2022): 453–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/pajols/2202/60.0230.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Campylobacter jejuni is a prevalent human pathogen and a major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. In humans, C. jejuni colonises the intestinal tract, and its tolerance to bile is crucial for bacteria to survive and establish infection. Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli have the highest rate of foodborne-related clinical Campylobacteriosis. The study aims to determine the effect of bile salts, acid, and bacteriocin on campylobacter isolates obtained from stool samples. Methods: Campylobacters were identified phenotypically in this study using biochemical tests and genotypically using 16S rRNA species-specific gene amplification by PCR. The confirmed twenty-five Campylobacter isolates comprising18 C. jejuni and 7 C. coli were tested for physiological factors such as bile tolerance, bacteriocin tolerance and ability to synthesise proteolytic enzymes on a solid medium. Results: Campylobacter isolates survived at different concentrations of bile (2.1 -6.8%), low pH (7.1- 3.2) and in the presence of bacteriocin (3.8-6.8 AU/mL) with the production of proteolytic enzymes in the range of 16.2-15.2 mm. Conclusion: The ability of Campylobacter spp to survive in the presence of bacteriocin and different concentrations of acid and bile salt indicates the strains’ virulence
10
Chaban, Bonnie, Kristyna M. Musil, Chelsea G. Himsworth, and Janet E. Hill. "Development of cpn60-Based Real-Time Quantitative PCR Assays for the Detection of 14 Campylobacter Species and Application to Screening of Canine Fecal Samples." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, no. 10 (March 20, 2009): 3055–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00101-09.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Campylobacter species are important organisms in both human and animal health. The identification of Campylobacter currently requires the growth of organisms from complex samples and biochemical identification. In many cases, the condition of the sample being tested and/or the fastidious nature of many Campylobacter species has limited the detection of campylobacters in a laboratory setting. To address this, we have designed a set of real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays to detect and quantify 14 Campylobacter species, C. coli, C. concisus, C. curvus, C. fetus, C. gracilis, C. helveticus, C. hyointestinalis, C. jejuni, C. lari, C. mucosalis, C. rectus, C. showae, C. sputorum, and C. upsaliensis, directly from DNA extracted from feces. By use of a region of the cpn60 (also known as hsp60 or groEL) gene, which encodes the universally conserved 60-kDa chaperonin, species-specific assays were designed and validated. These assays were then employed to determine the prevalence of Campylobacter species in fecal samples from dogs. Fecal samples were found to contain detectable and quantifiable levels of C. fetus, C. gracilis, C. helveticus, C. jejuni, C. showae, and C. upsaliensis, with the majority of samples containing multiple Campylobacter species. This study represents the first report of C. fetus, C. gracilis, C. mucosalis, and C. showae detection in dogs and implicates dogs as a reservoir for these species. The qPCR assays described offer investigators a new tool to study many Campylobacter species in a culture-independent manner.
11
LAWSON, A. J., M. S. SHAFI, K. PATHAK, and J. STANLEY. "Detection of campylobacter in gastroenteritis: comparison of direct PCR assay of faecal samples with selective culture." Epidemiology and Infection 121, no. 3 (December 1998): 547–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268898001630.
Full textAbstract:
The prevalence of campylobacter gastroenteritis has been estimated by bacterial isolation using selective culture. However, there is evidence that certain species and strains are not recovered on selective agars. We have therefore compared direct PCR assays of faecal samples with campylobacter culture, and explored the potential of PCR for simultaneous detection and identification to the species level. Two hundred unselected faecal samples from cases of acute gastroenteritis were cultured on modified charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar and subjected to DNA extraction and PCR assay. Culture on CCDA indicated that 16 of the 200 samples contained ‘Campylobacter spp.’. By contrast, PCR assays detected campylobacters in 19 of the 200 samples, including 15 of the culture-positive samples, and further identified them as: C. jejuni (16), C. coli (2) and C. hyointestinalis (1). These results show that PCR offers a different perspective on the incidence and identity of campylobacters in human gastroenteritis.
12
Ekin, I. H., K. Gürtürk, A. Arslan, and B. Boynukara. "Prevalence and Characteristics of Campylobacter Species Isolated from Gallbladder of Slaughtered Sheep in Van (Eastern) Turkey." Acta Veterinaria Brno 75, no. 1 (2006): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb200675010145.
Full textAbstract:
To determine the prevalence of campylobacter species in gallbladder of sheep in Van, (Eastern) Turkey, a total of 220 gallbladder samples from healthy slaughtered sheep were examined bacteriologically in October 2000 and 2002. Of the 110 samples examined each year, 27 (24.6%) and 24 (21.8%) campylobacter strains were isolated, respectively. Of the 27 campylobacter strains isolated in the year 2000, 14 (51.9%) were identified as C. jejuni, 7 (25.9%) C. fetus, 3 (11.1%) C. coli and 3 (11.1%) C. lari. Similar results were obtained in the study performed in 2002, but C. lari could not be isolated. Growth and biochemical characteristics of all identified Campylobacter species with some exceptions were typical of each species. Six of 13 examined C. fetus strains grew well at both 25 °C and 42 °C in thioglycollate medium and on blood agar. C. jejuni strains differed from C. coli only by Na-hippurate hydrolysis test. Results of the present study revealed that C. jejuni is the most common campylobacter species isolated from gallbladders of sheep. The thermophilic campylobacters in significant proportions may cause contamination of carcass during slaughter and transmission of the food-borne pathogens to humans.
13
RASSCHAERT, G., K. HOUF, J. VAN HENDE, and L. de ZUTTER. "Campylobacter Contamination during Poultry Slaughter in Belgium." Journal of Food Protection 69, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-69.1.27.
Full textAbstract:
The relation between internal carriage and surface contamination with thermophilic Campylobacter species in broilers was examined by molecular typing methods. Samples from 39 flocks were collected in three Belgian poultry slaughterhouses. From each flock, crop swabs before slaughter and intestines and neck skins during slaughter were collected. A total of 309 isolates were identified at species level and further characterized by flagellin gene A PCR/restriction fragment length polymorphism and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Isolates were identified as Campylobacter jejuni (90%), Campylobacter coli (8.7%), and Campylobacter lari (2.2%), and 27 genotypes could be distinguished by combining the two molecular methods. Seventy-two percent of the flocks arriving at the abattoir were colonized with campylobacters. After slaughter, 79% of the flocks had contaminated neck skins. In six flocks, genotypes isolated from the neck skins were also found in the alimentary tract from previously slaughtered flocks. Four of these flocks were initially free of Campylobacter. These four flocks might have had no contaminated carcasses after logistic slaughtering.
14
El-Shibiny, A., P. L. Connerton, and I. F. Connerton. "Enumeration and Diversity of Campylobacters and Bacteriophages Isolated during the Rearing Cycles of Free-Range and Organic Chickens." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 3 (March 2005): 1259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.3.1259-1266.2005.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Campylobacters and Campylobacter-specific bacteriophages were isolated and enumerated during the rearing cycle of free-range (56 days) and organic chickens (73 days) at 3-day intervals from hatching until slaughter. In both flocks Campylobacter jejuni was the initial colonizer but Campylobacter coli was detected more frequently from 5 weeks of age. The diversity of the Campylobacter isolates was examined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of SmaI-digested genomic DNA and antimicrobial resistance typing. Bacteriophages were isolated from 51% (19 of 37 birds) of Campylobacter-positive organic birds (log10 2.5 to log10 5.7 PFU/g of cecal contents). The bacteriophages were all typical group III Campylobacter bacteriophages in terms of genomic size but could be characterized in terms of their host range and placed into five different groups. In contrast to the organic birds, anti-Campylobacter activity (bacteriocin-like) was observed in 26% (10 of 38 birds) of Campylobacter-positive free-range birds, and only one bacteriophage was isolated. Appearance of either bacteriophages or anti-Campylobacter activity was associated with changes in the levels of colonization and the predominant genotypes and species isolated. The frequency and potential influence of naturally occurring bacteriophages and/or inhibitory substances on the diversity and fluctuations of populations of campylobacters have not previously been reported in either free-range or organic chickens.
15
WRIGHT, S. L., D. K. CARVER, R. M. SILETZKY, S. ROMINE, W. E. M. MORROW, and S. KATHARIOU. "Longitudinal Study of Prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli from Turkeys and Swine Grown in Close Proximity." Journal of Food Protection 71, no. 9 (September 1, 2008): 1791–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-71.9.1791.
Full textAbstract:
Eastern North Carolina is a major contributor to both turkey and swine production in the United States. In this region, turkeys and swine are frequently grown in close proximity and by common growers. To further characterize colonization of turkeys and swine with Campylobacter in such a setting, we investigated the prevalence of thermophilic campylobacters in eight paired operations involving turkey farms in close proximity to finishing swine farms. All 15 surveyed flocks and 15 herds were Campylobacter positive at one or more sampling times. Campylobacter was isolated from 1,310 (87%) of the 1,512 turkey samples and 1,116 (77%) of the 1,448 swine samples. Most (>99%) campylobacters from swine samples were Campylobacter coli, found in 59 to 97% of the samples from the different herds. Both Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli were recovered from the turkey flocks (overall prevalences of 52 and 35%, respectively). Prevalence among flocks ranged from 31 to 86% for C. jejuni and 0 to 67% for C. coli, and both species were recovered from most flocks. Relative prevalence of C. coli was higher in young birds (brooders), whereas C. jejuni predominated in grow-out birds (P < 0.0001). The prevalence of C. coli in a swine herd was generally not a good predictor for prevalence of this species in the corresponding turkey flock. These findings indicate that even though turkeys and swine grown in proximity to each other were commonly colonized with thermophilic campylobacters, the relative prevalences of C. jejuni and C. coli appear to be host associated.
16
Roop II, R. Martin, Robert M. Smibert, John L. Johnson, and Noel R. Krieg. "DNA homology studies of the catalase-negative campylobacters and "Campylobacter fecalis," an emended description of Campylobacter sputorum, and proposal of the neotype strain of Campylobacter sputorum." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 31, no. 9 (September 1, 1985): 823–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m85-154.
Full textAbstract:
Twenty-three strains of catalase-negative campylobacters and five strains of "Campylobacter fecalis," which is catalase-positive, were examined by DNA hybridization experiments. These organisms formed four distinct DNA homology groups corresponding to Campylobacter sputorum, Campylobacter mucosalis, Campylobacter concisus, and a currently unnamed group referred to as the "catalase-negative or weak" (CNW) strains. The strains were further characterized to determine which phenotypic characteristics provide the most reliable identification at the species level. Campylobacter sputorum ssp. sputorum, C. sputorum ssp. bubulus, and "C. fecalis" could not be distinguished by DNA homology; consequently, it is proposed that these three taxa be considered as biovars of C. sputorum. The description of C. sputorum is emended accordingly. ATCC strain 35980 is proposed as the neotype strain of C. sputorum.
17
Inglis, G. Douglas, and Lisa D. Kalischuk. "Use of PCR for Direct Detection of Campylobacter Species in Bovine Feces." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 6 (June 2003): 3435–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.6.3435-3447.2003.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT This study reports on the use of PCR to directly detect and distinguish Campylobacter species in bovine feces without enrichment. Inhibitors present in feces are a major obstacle to using PCR to detect microorganisms. The QIAamp DNA stool minikit was found to be an efficacious extraction method, as determined by the positive amplification of internal control DNA added to bovine feces before extraction. With nested or seminested multiplex PCR, Campylobacter coli, C. fetus, C. hyointestinalis, and C. jejuni were detected in all fecal samples inoculated at ≈104 CFU g−1, and 50 to 83% of the samples inoculated at ≈103 CFU g−1 were positive. At ≈102 CFU g−1, C. fetus, C. hyointestinalis, and C. jejuni (17 to 50% of the samples) but not C. coli were detected by PCR. From uninoculated bovine feces, a total of 198 arbitrarily selected isolates of Campylobacter were recovered on four commonly used isolation media incubated at three temperatures. The most frequently isolated taxa were C. jejuni (152 isolates) and C. lanienae (42 isolates), but isolates of C. fetus subsp. fetus, Arcobacter butzleri, and A. skirrowii also were recovered (≤2 isolates per taxon). Considerable variability was observed in the frequency of isolation of campylobacters among the four media and three incubation temperatures tested. With genus-specific primers, Campylobacter DNA was detected in 75% of the fecal samples, representing an 8% increase in sensitivity relative to that obtained with microbiological isolation across the four media and three incubation temperatures tested. With nested primers, C. jejuni and C. lanienae were detected in 25 and 67% of the samples, respectively. In no instance was DNA from either C. coli, C. fetus, or C. hyointestinalis detected in uninoculated bovine feces. PCR was more sensitive than isolation on microbiological media for detecting C. lanienae (17%) but not C. jejuni. Campylobacters are a diverse and fastidious group of bacteria, and the development of direct PCR not only will increase the understanding of Campylobacter species diversity and their frequency of occurrence in feces but also will enhance the knowledge of their role in the gastrointestinal tract of livestock and of the factors that influence shedding.
18
de Zoete, Marcel R., A. Marijke Keestra, Paula Roszczenko, and Jos P. M. van Putten. "Activation of Human and Chicken Toll-Like Receptors by Campylobacter spp." Infection and Immunity 78, no. 3 (December 28, 2009): 1229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00897-09.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Campylobacter infection in humans is accompanied by severe inflammation of the intestinal mucosa, in contrast to colonization of chicken. The basis for the differential host response is unknown. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) sense and respond to microbes in the body and participate in the induction of an inflammatory response. Thus far, the interaction of Campylobacter with chicken TLRs has not been studied. Here, we investigated the potential of four Campylobacter strains to activate human TLR1/2/6, TLR4, TLR5, and TLR9 and chicken TLR2t2/16, TLR4, TLR5, and TLR21. Live bacteria showed no or very limited potential to activate TLR2, TLR4, and TLR5 of both the human and chicken species, with minor but significant differences between Campylobacter strains. In contrast, lysed bacteria induced strong NF-κB activation through human TLR1/2/6 and TLR4 and chicken TLR2t2/16 and TLR4 but not via TLR5 of either species. Interestingly, C. jejuni induced TLR4-mediated beta interferon in human but not chicken cells. Furthermore, isolated chromosomal Campylobacter DNA was unable to activate human TLR9 in our system, whereas chicken TLR21 was activated by DNA from all of the campylobacters tested. Our data are the first comparison of TLR-induced immune responses in humans and chickens. The results suggest that differences in bacterial cell wall integrity and in TLR responses to Campylobacter LOS and/or DNA may contribute to the distinct clinical manifestation between the species.
19
Saha, Ritu, Jessica Widmer, and Eugene Sullivan. "The Other Campylobacter Species." American Journal of Gastroenterology 103 (September 2008): S264. http://dx.doi.org/10.14309/00000434-200809001-00676.
Full text
20
Nachamkin, Irving, Ban Mishu Allos, and Tony Ho. "Campylobacter Species and Guillain-Barré Syndrome." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 11, no. 3 (July 1, 1998): 555–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.11.3.555.
Full textAbstract:
SUMMARY Since the eradication of polio in most parts of the world, Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) has become the most common cause of acute flaccid paralysis. GBS is an autoimmune disorder of the peripheral nervous system characterized by weakness, usually symmetrical, evolving over a period of several days or more. Since laboratories began to isolate Campylobacter species from stool specimens some 20 years ago, there have been many reports of GBS following Campylobacter infection. Only during the past few years has strong evidence supporting this association developed. Campylobacter infection is now known as the single most identifiable antecedent infection associated with the development of GBS. Campylobacter is thought to cause this autoimmune disease through a mechanism called molecular mimicry, whereby Campylobacter contains ganglioside-like epitopes in the lipopolysaccharide moiety that elicit autoantibodies reacting with peripheral nerve targets. Campylobacter is associated with several pathologic forms of GBS, including the demyelinating (acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy) and axonal (acute motor axonal neuropathy) forms. Different strains of Campylobacter as well as host factors likely play an important role in determining who develops GBS as well as the nerve targets for the host immune attack of peripheral nerves. The purpose of this review is to summarize our current knowledge about the clinical, epidemiological, pathogenetic, and laboratory aspects of campylobacter-associated GBS.
21
Wanja, Daniel W., Paul G. Mbuthia, Gabriel O. Aboge, and Lilly C. Bebora. "Seasonal Prevalence and Molecular Identification of Thermophilic Campylobacter from Chicken, Cattle, and Respective Drinking Water in Kajiado County, Kenya." International Journal of Microbiology 2022 (September 27, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1526641.
Full textAbstract:
Thermophilic Campylobacter species are a leading cause of human gastroenteritis throughout the world and have been implicated in reproductive disorders (abortion), mastitis, enteritis, and/or diarrhoea in livestock. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Kajiado County to determine prevalence, seasonality, and molecular detection of thermophilic Campylobacter species (with emphasis on C. jejuni, C. coli, and other thermophilic Campylobacter species) in chicken, cattle, and respective pooled drinking water. A total of 457 samples comprising 265 cattle rectal swabs, 142 chicken cloacal swabs, and 50 trough water samples were collected from 55 randomly selected smallholder farms. Individual samples were subjected to standard techniques for isolation and biochemical tests, followed by singleplex polymerase chain reaction (sPCR) assays for identification and confirmation of genus and species. Overall, thermophilic Campylobacter prevalence was 35.4% (95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 31.0–39.8), with C. jejuni dominating at 55.6% (95% CI = 47.9–63.3%) over C. coli in all sample types. The highest thermophilic Campylobacter prevalence was observed in cloacal swabs of live chicken at 44.4% (95% CI = 36.2–52.6%), followed by rectal swabs from live cattle at 30.9% (95% CI = 25.3–36.5%). Water samples from cattle drinkers/trough were found to be contaminated at 34% (95% CI = 20.9–47.1%). The isolation rate was higher in cattle under the confinement system (44.3%) (95% CI = 36.1–52.5%) than in those under the free-roaming grazing system. Thermophilic Campylobacter species were isolated in both seasons, with higher prevalence (39.8% (95% CI = 33.6–45.9)) recorded during rainy and cold season in all sample types except for water. There was significant ( P < 0.05 ) association between season and thermophilic Campylobacter occurrence, even though there were no statistical differences in the prevalence values across the two seasons. Results of this study demonstrate that cattle, chicken, and respective drinking water harbour potentially pathogenic thermophilic campylobacters, with C. jejuni being widely distributed among farms. It is possible that seasonal variations and cattle confinement result in differences in thermophilic Campylobacter carriage. Further epidemiological and phylogenetic studies comparing distribution of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. isolates in livestock, environmental, and human samples are recommended to establish source attribution to reduce the impact of resultant diseases for the wellbeing of public and livestock.
22
Reezal, Abdul, Brian McNeil, and John G. Anderson. "Effect of Low-Osmolality Nutrient Media on Growth and Culturability of Campylobacter Species." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, no. 12 (December 1, 1998): 4643–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.12.4643-4649.1998.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT The growth and culturability of Campylobacter jejuniNCTC 11351 and other campylobacters were examined in media having different osmolalities at a range of temperatures (4, 25, and 42°C). The medium osmolalities used ranged from the osmolality of full-strength nutrient medium (modified campylobacter broth having an osmolality of around 254 mosmol) down to 96 mosmol. The following two methods were used to produce media having different osmolalities: dilution of the nutrient medium with distilled water and reformulation of the medium such that the concentrations of various osmolytes were altered while the nutrient content of the medium was unchanged. The results obtained with the two experimental methods were similar, indicating that there was an osmotic threshold effect, such that none of the campylobacters examined (C. jejuni NCTC 11351 and ATCC 33291, Campylobacter lari, and Campylobacter coli) grew in media having osmolalities around 130 mosmol and at temperatures below at 42°C. Conversely, growth occurred in media having osmolalities of around 175 mosmol and above. Osmolar concentrations can be expressed in terms of osmolarity or osmolality. Osmolality is easier to evaluate, is the more commonly used term, and was used in the current study. In nutrient media having low osmolalities (i.e., 130 mosmol and below), the number of CFUs per milliliter declined rapidly regardless of the temperature, and no cells were recovered after 24 h. However, at nongrowth temperatures (25 and 4°C) in higher-osmolality media (175 mosmol and above) a significant population was recovered throughout the experiment (up to 96 h). In low-osmolality nutrient media, the cellular morphology was principally coccoid, while in the early stages of growth in full-strength media the morphology was predominantly rodlike. We propose that the formation of coccoid cells in these experiments was the result of osmotic stress in low-osmolality media. This osmotic effect was apparent regardless of the osmolyte used to reformulate the medium (NaCl, KCl, Na2SO4, NH4Cl, and glucose were used).
23
SHIH, DANIEL YANG-CHIH. "Isolation and Identification of Enteropathogenic Campylobacter spp. from Chicken Samples in Taipei." Journal of Food Protection 63, no. 3 (March 1, 2000): 304–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-63.3.304.
Full textAbstract:
A total of 95 chicken samples that consisted of 34 whole chickens, 32 organs (gizzards and livers), and 29 chicken parts (drumsticks, wings, and breasts), collected from traditional retail markets (no chilling facilities) and supermarkets in Taipei, were examined for the occurrence of enteropathogenic campylobacters. Three selective media, Peterz's charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar, Campy-Cefex agar, and charcoal-based selective medium, were evaluated for their efficacy to isolate Campylobacter spp. from chicken samples. The results showed that there were no differences among the three media to isolate Campylobacter spp. from all chicken samples (P > 0.05). However, there were markedly different isolation rates of campylobacters between supermarket and retail market (P < 0.05). Enteropathogenic campylobacters (C. jejuni and C. coli) were found on 68% of whole chickens, 100% of chicken parts, and 100% of organs from retail markets. In supermarkets, the isolation rates of these campylobacters from whole chickens, chicken parts, and organs were 42%, 53%, and 60%, respectively. The low isolation rates of the two campylobacters isolated from chicken samples in supermarkets differed statistically from those obtained from traditional retail markets (P < 0.10). The API CAMPY test kit also was evaluated for the identification of Campylobacter spp. as compared with the conventional identification method. The results showed that the API CAMPY test kit (Biomerieux, Marcy-l'Etoile, France) could efficiently detect 87 Campylobacter spp. isolates from chicken samples examined, with 100% agreement at the genus level to 94% at the species level as compared with conventional methods.
24
Miljkovic-Selimovic, Biljana, Tatjana Babic, Branislava Kocic, Aleksandra Matkic, and Ljiljana Ristic. "Identification of campylobacter species isolates with phenotypic methods and polymerase chain reaction." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 142, no. 11-12 (2014): 708–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh1412708m.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) and Campylobacter coli (C. coli) are the most common bacterial causes of enterocolitis in humans. However, identification of the species level is not always possible using standard biochemical tests. Objective. Therefore, the goal of this study was to identify these microorganisms by both phenotyping and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Methods. A total of 153 species of thermophilic campylobacters were examined with standard biochemical tests and PCR technique to prove hipO genes of C. jejuni and asp genes of C. coli. Results Standard biochemical tests enabled the speciation of 121 strains of C. jejuni, while application of PCR detected 126 C. jejuni strains. Conclusion. PCR technique allowed not only identification of hippurate-positive C. jejuni, but also hipuratnegative strains of C. jejuni which otherwise would be detected as C. coli if only biochemical tests were applied.
25
Penner, J. L. "The genus Campylobacter: a decade of progress." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 1, no. 2 (April 1988): 157–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.1.2.157.
Full textAbstract:
In 1977, microbiologists and clinicians were awakened to the importance of the genus Campylobacter when it was learned that one species, Campylobacter jejuni, was a major cause of human enteritis. In the following decade substantial advances were made in diagnosis, isolation technology, identification, classification, serotyping, and epidemiology. The genus has undergone rapid expansion as advantage was taken of the deoxyribonucleic acid-deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization technique in defining new species. The 14 species now included in the genus, however, constitute a widely diverse group, and one species, C. pylori, which is associated with human gastroduodenitis, is under consideration for reassignment to another genus. The nomenclature of the subspecies of C. fetus has been resolved and the role of C. fetus subsp. fetus as an agent of human infections has been more clearly defined. The thermophilic campylobacteria that are etiological agents of human enteritis now include three species, C. jejuni, C. coli, and C. laridis. Recently defined species that have also been implicated as enteritis-causing agents include C. hyointestinalis, "C. upsaliensis," "C. cinaedi," and "C. fennelliae." The aerotolerant campylobacteria are now included in the species C. cryaerophila, and the campylobacteria isolated from salt marshes are included in C. nitrofigilis. The taxonomy and nomenclature of C. sputorum have been revised. C. sputorum now consists of three biovars (biotypes). Two of these, biovar sputorum and biovar bubulus, were previously considered to be separate subspecies and the third, biovar fecalis, was previously regarded as a separate species and known as "C. fecalis." The former subspecies C. sputorum subsp. mucosalis has been elevated to the rank of species. C. mucosalis is metabolically closely related to C. consisus. Human pathogens have not been identified among C. sputorum, C. mucosalis, or C. concisus. The goal of this article is to review developments during the last 10 years with emphasis on changes in taxonomy that are important from the perspective of the clinical microbiologist.
26
Ge, Beilei, David G. White, Patrick F. McDermott, Webb Girard, Shaohua Zhao, Susannan Hubert, and Jianghong Meng. "Antimicrobial-Resistant Campylobacter Species from Retail Raw Meats." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 5 (May 2003): 3005–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.5.3005-3007.2003.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT The antimicrobial susceptibilities of 378 Campylobacter isolates were determined. Resistance to tetracycline was the most common (82%), followed by resistance to doxycycline (77%), erythromycin (54%), nalidixic acid (41%), and ciprofloxacin (35%). Campylobacter coli displayed significantly higher rates of resistance to ciprofloxacin and erythromycin than Campylobacter jejuni, and Campylobacter isolates from turkey meat showed a greater resistance than those from chicken meat.
27
Fernández, Heriberto, and Rodolfo Martin. "Campylobacter intestinal carriage among stray and pet dogs." Revista de Saúde Pública 25, no. 6 (December 1991): 473–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-89101991000600009.
Full textAbstract:
The natural distribution of thermotolerant Campylobacter sp. in dogs (150 stray animals and 64 pets) was studied. Campylobacters were more frequently isolated (p<0.01) from stray dogs (51.3%) rather than from pet dogs (21.9%). All the biotypes described by Lior for C. jejuni and C. coli were found among stray animals, whereas only C. jejuni biotypes I and II and C. coli biotype II were found among pet dogs. The need for more studies related to the role of environmental sanitary conditions in the spreading of Campylobacter species is noted.
28
Elvers, Karen T., Christopher R. Helps, Trudy M. Wassenaar, Vivien M. Allen, and Diane G. Newell. "Development of a Strain-Specific Molecular Method for Quantitating Individual Campylobacter Strains in Mixed Populations." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, no. 8 (February 15, 2008): 2321–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02269-07.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT The identification of sites resulting in cross-contamination of poultry flocks in the abattoir and determination of the survival and persistence of campylobacters at these sites are essential for the development of intervention strategies aimed at reducing the microbial burden on poultry at retail. A novel molecule-based method, using strain- and genus-specific oligonucleotide probes, was developed to detect and enumerate specific campylobacter strains in mixed populations. Strain-specific oligonucleotide probes were designed for the short variable regions (SVR) of the flaA gene in individual Campylobacter jejuni strains. A 16S rRNA Campylobacter genus-specific probe was also used. Both types of probes were used to investigate populations of campylobacters by colony lift hybridization. The specificity and proof of principle of the method were tested using strains with closely related SVR sequences and mixtures of these strains. Colony lifts of campylobacters were hybridized sequentially with up to two labeled strain-specific probes, followed by the generic 16S rRNA probe. SVR probes were highly specific, differentiating down to 1 nucleotide in the target sequence, and were sufficiently sensitive to detect colonies of a single strain in a mixed population. The 16S rRNA probe detected all Campylobacter spp. tested but not closely related species, such as Arcobacter skirrowi and Helicobacter pullorum. Preliminary field studies demonstrated the application of this technique to target strains isolated from poultry transport crate wash tank water. This method is quantitative, sensitive, and highly specific and allows the identification and enumeration of selected strains among all of the campylobacters in environmental samples.
29
Hellein, Kristen N., Cynthia Battie, Eric Tauchman, Deanna Lund, Omar A. Oyarzabal, and Joe Eugene Lepo. "Culture-based indicators of fecal contamination and molecular microbial indicators rarely correlate with Campylobacter spp. in recreational waters." Journal of Water and Health 9, no. 4 (June 21, 2011): 695–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2011.154.
Full textAbstract:
Campylobacter spp. are the leading cause of gastroenteritis worldwide. Most human infections result from contaminated food; however, infections are also caused by recreational waterway contamination. Campylobacter culture is technically challenging and enumeration by culture-based methods is onerous. Thus, we employed qPCR to quantify Campylobacter spp. in fresh- and marine-water samples, raw sewage and animal feces. Multiplex PCR determined whether Campylobacter jejuni or C. coli, most commonly associated with human disease, were present in qPCR-positive samples. Campylobacters were detected in raw sewage, and in feces of all avian and mammalian species tested. Campylobacter-positive concentrations ranged from 68 to 2.3 × 106 cells per 500 mL. Although C. jejuni and C. coli were rare in waterways, they were prevalent in sewage and feces. Campylobacter-specific qPCR screening of environmental waters did not correlate with the regulatory EPA method 1600 (Enterococcus culture), nor with culture-independent, molecular-based microbial source tracking indicators, such as human polyomavirus, human Bacteroidales and Methanobrevibacter smithii. Our results suggest that neither the standard EPA method nor the newly proposed culture-independent methods are appropriate surrogates for Campylobacter contamination in water. Thus, assays for specific pathogens may be necessary to protect human health, especially in waters that are contaminated with sewage and animal feces.
30
Daucher, James A., and Noel R. Krieg. "Pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase in Campylobacter species." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 41, no. 2 (February 1, 1995): 198–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m95-027.
Full textAbstract:
Twelve strains representing 11 Campylobacter species were tested by two methods to see whether pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase, which occurs mainly in anaerobes, was also present in these oxygen-respiring microaerophiles. Crude extracts exhibited a pyruvate-dependent reduction of benzyl viologen and, to a lesser extent, metronidazole. Addition of Clostridium pasteurianum ferredoxin enhanced the metronidazole-reducing activity. All strains were inhibited by metronidazole, with minimal inhibitory concentrations ranging from 3 to 25 μg/mL. The results suggest that pyruvate: ferredoxin oxidoreductase is characteristic of the genus.Key words: Campylobacter, microaerophilic, metronidazole, pyruvate.
31
Miljkovic-Selimovic, Biljana, Branislava Kocic, and Tatjana Babic. "Campylobacter and helicobacter in the etiology of gastrointestinal diseases." Archives of Biological Sciences 64, no. 4 (2012): 1389–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs1204389s.
Full textAbstract:
The order Campylobacterales comprises two genera: Campylobacter and Helicobacter, with a widespread distribution in both humans and animals. They are Gram-negative, spiral, helical and microaerophilic bacteria, with an optimal growth temperature of 37?C for H. pylori and 42?C for C. jejuni strains. While Helicobacter pylori are restricted to humans, other helicobacter species can be found in different mammals and occasionally in humans. Several Campylobacter species are recognized as human pathogens, while distinct species are pathogenic only occasionally, in children, the elderly and immunocompromised patients. Campylobacters and helicobacters are well adapted to the living conditions inside the gastrointestinal tract, where they can cause diseases as a consequence of inflammation. In addition, they are related to certain extraintestinal diseases, post-infectious sequels, malignancy and autoimmunity. Different clinical presentations of human disorders may be the consequences of the diversity in host immune response, bacterial genome, endotoxin activity as well as specific bacterial virulence factors.
32
Wang, Y., and D. E. Taylor. "Natural transformation in Campylobacter species." Journal of Bacteriology 172, no. 2 (1990): 949–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.172.2.949-955.1990.
Full text
33
BOWLER, I. C. J. W., M. CONNOR, M. P. A. LESSING, and D. DAY. "Quinolone resistance and Campylobacter species." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 38, no. 2 (1996): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/38.2.315.
Full text
34
Matsuda, Motoo, and John E. Moore. "Urease-Positive Thermophilic Campylobacter Species." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 8 (August 2004): 4415–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.8.4415-4418.2004.
Full text
35
Schiaffino, Francesca, Josh M. Colston, Maribel Paredes-Olortegui, Ruthly François, Nora Pisanic, Rosa Burga, Pablo Peñataro-Yori, and Margaret N. Kosek. "Antibiotic Resistance of Campylobacter Species in a Pediatric Cohort Study." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 63, no. 2 (November 12, 2018): e01911-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01911-18.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the phenotypic patterns of antibiotic resistance and the epidemiology of drug-resistant Campylobacter spp. from a low-resource setting. A birth cohort of 303 patients was followed until 5 years of age. Stool samples from asymptomatic children (n = 10,008) and those with diarrhea (n = 3,175) were cultured for Campylobacter. Disk diffusion for ciprofloxacin (CIP), nalidixic acid (NAL), erythromycin (ERY), azithromycin (AZM), tetracycline (TE), gentamicin (GM), ampicillin (AMP), amoxicillin and clavulanic acid (AMC), ceftriaxone (CRO), chloramphenicol (C), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMS) was determined. Antibiotic resistances in Campylobacter jejuni and non-C. jejuni isolates from surveillance and diarrhea samples were compared, and the association between personal macrolide exposure and subsequent occurrence of a macrolide-resistant Campylobacter spp. was assessed. Of 917 Campylobacter isolates, 77.4% of C. jejuni isolates and 79.8% of non-C. jejuni isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, while 4.9% of C. jejuni isolates and 24.8% of non-C. jejuni isolates were not susceptible to azithromycin. Of the 303 children, 33.1% had been diagnosed with a Campylobacter strain nonsusceptible to both azithromycin and ciprofloxacin. Personal macrolide exposure did not affect the risk of macrolide-resistant Campylobacter. Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid (94.0%) was one of the antibiotics with the highest rates of susceptibility. There is a high incidence of quinolone- and macrolide-resistant Campylobacter infections in infants under 24 months of age. Given the lack of association between personal exposure to macrolides and a subsequent Campylobacter infection resistant to macrolides, there is a need to evaluate the source of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Campylobacter. This study provides compelling evidence to propose amoxicillin/clavulanic acid as a treatment for campylobacteriosis.
36
Parker, Craig T., Francesca Schiaffino, Steven Huynh, Maribel Paredes Olortegui, Pablo Peñataro Yori, Paul F. Garcia Bardales, Tackeshy Pinedo Vasquez, et al. "Shotgun metagenomics of fecal samples from children in Peru reveals frequent complex co-infections with multiple Campylobacter species." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 16, no. 10 (October 4, 2022): e0010815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010815.
Full textAbstract:
Campylobacter spp. are a major cause of bacterial diarrhea worldwide and are associated with high rates of mortality and linear growth faltering in children living in low- to middle-income countries (LMICs). Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are most often the causative agents of enteric disease among children in LMICs. However, previous work on a collection of stool samples from children under 2 years of age, living in a low resource community in Peru with either acute diarrheal disease or asymptomatic, were found to be qPCR positive for Campylobacter species but qPCR negative for C. jejuni and C. coli. The goal of this study was to determine if whole-genome shotgun metagenomic sequencing (WSMS) could identify the Campylobacter species within these samples. The Campylobacter species identified in these stool samples included C. jejuni, C. coli, C. upsaliensis, C. concisus, and the potential new species of Campylobacter, "Candidatus Campylobacter infans". Moreover, WSMS results demonstrate that over 65% of the samples represented co-infections with multiple Campylobacter species present in a single stool sample, a novel finding in human populations.
37
Gunther IV, Nereus William, Jonnee Almond, Xianghe Yan, and David S. Needleman. "GyrB versus 16s rRna sequencing for the identification of Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, and Campylobacter lari." Journal of Nucleic Acids Investigation 2, no. 1 (May 5, 2011): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jnai.2011.2303.
Full textAbstract:
Species of the genus Campylobacter are responsible for the largest number of bacterial food-borne illness cases occurring yearly in the developed world. The majority of disease is caused by three of the thermotolerant Campylobacter species: Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, and Campylobacter lari. An inability to differentiate these three species using the commonly employed 16S rRNA sequencing procedure has led to the development of alternative methods to identify these bacteria. Some of these methods include the utilization of the gyrB gene. A reliable method was developed for the differentiation of C. jejuni, C. coli, and C. lari employing the gyrB gene. It involves amplification and sequencing of a species-variable region of the gene with a single pair of DNA primers. The method works well for the separation and organization of the three Campylobacter strains as well as satisfying the suggested guidelines for sequence based identification for most strains investigated.
38
Tauxe, R. V., C. M. Patton, P. Edmonds, T. J. Barrett, D. J. Brenner, and P. A. Blake. "Illness associated with Campylobacter laridis, a newly recognized Campylobacter species." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 21, no. 2 (1985): 222–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.21.2.222-225.1985.
Full text
39
Hanninen, M. L., L. Sarelli, A. Sukura, S. L. W. On, C. S. Harrington, P. Matero, and V. Hirvela-Koski. "Campylobacter hyointestinalis subsp. hyointestinalis, a common Campylobacter species in reindeer." Journal of Applied Microbiology 92, no. 4 (April 2002): 717–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.2002.01574.x.
Full text
40
BOLTON, F. J., S. B. SURMAN, K. MARTIN, D. R. A. WAREING, and T. J. HUMPHREY. "Presence of campylobacter and salmonella in sand from bathing beaches." Epidemiology and Infection 122, no. 1 (February 1999): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268898001915.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to determine the presence of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. and Salmonella spp. in sand from non-EEC standard and EEC standard designated beaches in different locations in the UK and to assess if potentially pathogenic strains were present. Campylobacter spp. were detected in 82/182 (45%) of sand samples and Salmonella spp. in 10/182 (6%). Campylobacter spp. were isolated from 46/92 (50%) of samples from non-EEC standard beaches and 36/90 (40%) from EEC standard beaches. The prevalence of Campylobacter spp. was greater in wet sand from both types of beaches but, surprisingly, more than 30% of samples from dry sand also contained these organisms. The major pathogenic species C. jejuni and C. coli were more prevalent in sand from non-EEC standard beaches. In contrast, C. lari and urease positive thermophilic campylobacters, which are associated with seagulls and other migratory birds, were more prevalent in sand from EEC standard beaches. Campylobacter isolates were further characterized by biotyping and serotyping, which confirmed that strains known to be of types associated with human infections were frequently found in sand on bathing beaches.
41
Kawasaki, Susumu, Pina M. Fratamico, Irene V. Wesley, and Shinichi Kawamoto. "Species-Specific Identification of Campylobacters by PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism and PCR Targeting of the Gyrase B Gene." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, no. 8 (February 22, 2008): 2529–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00975-07.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of a 960-bp fragment of the Campylobacter gyrB gene with either DdeI or XspI restriction enzymes generated unique digestion patterns for 12 different Campylobacter species. In addition, PCR assays using species-specific primer sets targeting gyrB were specific for the respective Campylobacter species. Therefore, PCR-RFLP analysis and species-specific PCR assays based on the gyrB gene provide valuable tools for rapid and unambiguous identification of the majority of Campylobacter species.
42
Axelsson-Olsson, Diana, Patrik Ellstr�m, Jonas Waldenstr�m, Paul D. Haemig, Lars Brudin, and Bj�rn Olsen. "Acanthamoeba-Campylobacter Coculture as a Novel Method for Enrichment of Campylobacter Species." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, no. 21 (September 14, 2007): 6864–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01305-07.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT In this study, we present a novel method to isolate and enrich low concentrations of Campylobacter pathogens. This method, Acanthamoeba-Campylobacter coculture (ACC), is based on the intracellular survival and multiplication of Campylobacter species in the free-living protozoan Acanthamoeba polyphaga. Four of the Campylobacter species relevant to humans and livestock, Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli, C. lari, and C. hyointestinalis, were effectively enriched by the coculture method, with growth rates comparable to those observed in other Campylobacter enrichment media. Studying six strains of C. jejuni isolated from different sources, we found that all of the strains could be enriched from an inoculum of fewer than 10 bacteria. The sensitivity of the ACC method was not negatively affected by the use of Campylobacter-selective antibiotics in the culture medium, but these were effective in suppressing the growth of seven different bacterial species added at a concentration of 104 CFU/ml of each species as deliberate contamination. The ACC method has advantages over other enrichment methods as it is not dependent on a microaerobic milieu and does not require the use of blood or other oxygen-quenching agents. Our study found the ACC method to be a promising tool for the enrichment of Campylobacter species, particularly from water samples with low bacterial concentrations.
43
Manser, P. A., and R. W. Dalziel. "A survey of campylobacter in animals." Journal of Hygiene 95, no. 1 (August 1985): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022172400062239.
Full textAbstract:
SUMMARYA survey of Campylobacter species in the faeces or rectal contents of domestic animals was carried out using direct and enrichment culture methods. Campylobacters were isolated from 259 (31 %) of 846 faecal specimens. The highest isolation rate was found in pigs (66%); lower rates were found in cattle (24%) and sheep (22%). In pigs all the isolates were C. coli, in sheep and cattle about 75% were C. jejuni. Only five isolations of C. fetus suhsip. fetus were made, all from cattle. More pigs with diarrhoea had C. coli in their faeces than healthy pigs (77% vs 47 %), but such a clear difference in isolation rate between sick and healthy animals was not seen in cattle or sheep.The enrichment method increased the total isolation rate of C. jejuni and C. coli by 33%, but for cattle specimens it increased it by 69% (from 6·5% to 21%). However, the enrichment method failed to detect 16% of positive specimens (mainly C. coli), so direct and enrichment methods should be used for the culture of campylobacters from animal faeces. The results show that cattle, sheep and pigs constitute a large potential source of campylobacter infection for man.
44
Bae, Wonki, Katherine N. Kaya, Dale D. Hancock, Douglas R. Call, Yong Ho Park, and Thomas E. Besser. "Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Thermophilic Campylobacter spp. from Cattle Farms in Washington State." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 1 (January 2005): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.1.169-174.2005.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT The prevalence of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. was investigated in cattle on Washington State farms. A total of 350 thermophilic Campylobacter isolates were isolated from 686 cattle sampled on 15 farms (eight dairies, two calf rearer farms, two feedlots, and three beef cow-calf ranches). Isolate species were identified with a combination of phenotypic tests, hipO colony blot hybridization, and multiplex lpxA PCR. Breakpoint resistance to four antimicrobials (ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, erythromycin, and doxycycline) was determined by agar dilution. Campylobacter jejuni was the most frequent species isolated (34.1%), followed by Campylobacter coli (7.7%) and other thermophilic campylobacters (1.5%). The most frequently detected resistance was to doxycycline (42.3% of 350 isolates). Isolates from calf rearer facilities were more frequently doxycycline resistant than isolates from other farm types. C. jejuni was most frequently susceptible to all four of the antimicrobial drugs studied (58.8% of 272 isolates). C. coli isolates were more frequently resistant than C. jejuni, including resistance to quinolone antimicrobials (89.3% of isolates obtained from calves on calf rearer farms) and to erythromycin (72.2% of isolates obtained from feedlot cattle). Multiple drug resistance was more frequent in C. coli (51.5%) than in C. jejuni (5.1%). The results of this study demonstrate that C. jejuni is widely distributed among Washington cattle farms, while C. coli is more narrowly distributed but significantly more resistant.
45
BOYSEN, LOUISE, and HANNE ROSENQUIST. "Reduction of Thermotolerant Campylobacter Species on Broiler Carcasses following Physical Decontamination at Slaughter." Journal of Food Protection 72, no. 3 (March 1, 2009): 497–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-72.3.497.
Full textAbstract:
To reduce the incidences of human Campylobacter infections, a number of countries are investigating methods for reducing human exposure to Campylobacter from broiler meat. In addition to implementing biosecurity measures at the farm, Campylobacter may be controlled by reducing Campylobacter counts through physical decontamination of the meat. The current study was conducted to compare the Campylobacter-reducing ability of three physical decontamination techniques, forced air chilling, crust freezing, and steam-ultrasound, performed in the plant with naturally contaminated broiler chickens. The effects of all three techniques were evaluated and compared with the effect of freezing. Mean reductions obtained were 0.44 log CFU per carcass, 0.42 log CFU per sample, and ≥2.51 log CFU per carcass, respectively. All techniques resulted in significant reductions of the Campylobacter concentration on the carcasses (P < 0.05). However, none of the techniques were as effective as freezing based on reductions in Campylobacter counts and on adverse effects. The increase in Campylobacter counts on carcasses following visceral rupture during the evisceration operation also was examined. Visceral rupture resulted in an increase of 0.9 log CFU per carcass, suggesting that Campylobacter counts also may be reduced by optimizing the hygienic design of equipment or by physical removal of fecal contamination.
46
Hansson, Ingrid, Eva Olsson Engvall, Sevinc Ferrari, Boel Harbom, and Elina Lahti. "Detection of Campylobacter species in different types of samples from dairy farms." Veterinary Record 186, no. 18 (November 14, 2019): 605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.105610.
Full textAbstract:
BackgroundLivestock, domestic pets and wildlife can be intestinal carriers of thermotolerant Campylobacter species. These reservoirs can in turn contaminate the environment and food products, thus creating pathways to campylobacteriosis in human beings. The purposes of this study were to investigate sampling strategies applied for surveillance of Campylobacter on dairy cattle farms and to identify the presence and species of Campylobacter in different age groups.MethodsBoot sock and faecal samples were collected from five dairy herds from three age groups—cows, heifers and calves younger than 12 months—and from milk filters.ResultsCampylobacter species were isolated in 152 of 250 samples, of which 93 isolates were identified as C jejuni, 51 as C hyointestinalis, two as C lari and one as C coli, whereas five isolates could not be identified to species level. Campylobacter species were isolated from 86 of 110 faecal samples, 60 of 97 sock samples and six of 43 milk filter samples.ConclusionFaecal samples were the optimal sample type for detection of Campylobacter on dairy farms. However, taking multiple types of samples could be recommended in order to optimise the recovery rate and variety of Campylobacter species detected when investigating the presence of Campylobacter on dairy farms.
47
TROKHYMCHUK, ANATOLIY, CHERYL WALDNER, BONNIE CHABAN, SHERYL GOW, and JANET E. HILL. "Prevalence and Diversity of Campylobacter Species in Saskatchewan Retail Ground Beef." Journal of Food Protection 77, no. 12 (December 1, 2014): 2106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-247.
Full textAbstract:
The primary objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. DNA by PCR in retail ground beef sold in Saskatchewan, Canada, and to identify the presence of individual Campylobacter species (C. coli, C. curvus, C. fetus, C. hyointestinalis, C. jejuni, C. rectus, and C. upsaliensis) using real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). Secondary objectives were to assess potential differences in the prevalence of Campylobacter between ground beef offered for sale during cold and warm seasons as well as that offered for sale fresh and frozen, to investigate any association between the presence of Campylobacter spp. DNA and E. coli and/or aerobic bacterial counts, and finally to compare the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. DNA in ground beef originating from different production and retail environments. Out of the 309 total samples included in the study, 50 (16.2%) samples tested positive for Campylobacter spp. DNA, while 49 (15.9%) samples were determined positive for up to five individual species. Collectively, these assays determined that 14 (4.5%) samples were positive for C. coli, 11 (3.6%) for C. curvus, 6 (1.9%) for C. fetus, 24 (7.8%) for C. hyointestinalis, 12 (3.9%) for C. jejuni, 6 (1.9%) for C. rectus, and 9 (2.9%) for C. upsaliensis. There were 27 (8.7%) samples that were positive at the genus level that did not test positive for any of the seven Campylobacter species investigated (suggesting an alternate Campylobacter species). Also, 26 (8.4%) samples generated positive results by one of the species-specific qPCR assays, but returned no product in the conventional genus-level assay (suggesting a higher sensitivity for the species-specific qPCR assays). There was no significant association between the presence of Campylobacter spp. in Saskatchewan retail ground beef and any of the investigated risk factors.
48
OHYA, Tatsuo, Masanori KUBO, and Hiroshi WATASE. "Electrophoretic protein patterns in Campylobacter species with special reference to Campylobacter mucosalis and Campylobacter hyointestinalis." Japanese Journal of Veterinary Science 50, no. 3 (1988): 692–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1292/jvms1939.50.692.
Full text
49
FLYNN, ORLA M. J., IAN S. BLAIR, and DAVID A. MCDOWELL. "Prevalence of Campylobacter Species on Fresh Retail Chicken Wings in Northern Ireland." Journal of Food Protection 57, no. 4 (April 1, 1994): 334–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-57.4.334.
Full textAbstract:
Campylobacter contamination was surveyed in 153 chicken wing samples purchased from retail outlets in Northern Ireland over a 10-week sampling period; 64.7% of samples were found to be positive for Campylobacter jejuni/coli using the API Campy: Identification System for Campylobacter. These results support the assertion that retail chicken produets are commonly contaminated with Campylobacter spp. and pose a potential risk to consumers if hygiene and cooking practices are not adequate to prevent cross-contamination and facilitate destruction.
50
Dey, Suborna, Rajib Das, Md Moynul Haque, Premananda Das, Shantanu Das, Farjana Binte Habib, Sultana Mehnaz Rahman Chowdhury, Mohammed Mirazur Rahman, Sakib Aman, and Md Nazmul Hasan. "Isolation of Campylobacter Species in the Stool of Under Five Children With Acute Diarrhea in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh." Bangladesh Medical Journal 49, no. 3 (August 9, 2021): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v49i3.56075.
Full textAbstract:
Campylobacter species is the main etiology of gastroenteritis due to bacteria. To determine prevalence of Campylobacter species in stool of children less than five years of age with acute diarrhoea, this observational study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, Sylhet M A G Osmani Medical College, Sylhet from January to December, 2017. Stool samples were collected from 162 under-five children with acute diarrhoea admitted in the Department of Paediatrics. Isolation of Campylobacter species were done by stool culture. About two third of the children were male (65.4%) and more than one fourth of the affected children (26.65%) were in age group 6-12 months. Campylobacter species was isolated in 24 (15%) sample and among them, Campylobacter jejuni were 22 (91.7%) and Campylobacter coli were 2 (8.3%). Isolation rate of Campylobacter species did not differ significantly between age group of 6-12 months and above 12 months (p=0.211) of age; male and female children (p=0.288); among socioeconomic status (p=0.673) and between residential status (p=0.108). Isolation rate of Campylobacter species are frequent among under five children with acute diarrhea and most of the children came from low socioeconomic background and were male. However, a large multicenter study needs to be conducted to generate more evidence regarding the issue.
Bangladesh Med J. 2020 Sept; 49(3) : 11-16