Journal articles on the topic 'Canada. 1980 September 26'

Bison-wolf interactions were observed from a tower located in the centre of a meadow in Wood Buffalo National Park, Alberta, Canada, from 10 May to 9 September 1980. Special attention was directed to the relationship between bison cow-calf interactions, calf pod formations, and wolf predation attempts. Pod formation began in May and peaked in June. During 102 days in the field, 166 encounters between wolves and bison were observed, of which 51 involved a single wolf interacting with bison. In the main, single wolves watched bison (23% of observations), trailed without follow-up (14%), trailed with follow-up (27%), or harassed them without making physical contact (34%). Only rarely (2% of the observations) did they attack. The remaining 115 encounters involved a pack of wolves (two or more individuals). The majority of them involved trailing with follow-up (26%) or harassment (48%), and rushing with physical contact (13%). Wolves, especially those in packs, preferentially attacked bison herds with calves over herds without calves. Single wolves were more likely than wolves in packs to attack herds of bulls only (34 vs. 5% of such encounters). Strategies used by bison in defence of their calves were recorded along with the hunting strategies employed by wolves.

Continuous water temperature data are important for understanding historical variability and trends of river thermal regime, as well as impacts of warming climate on aquatic ecosystem health. We describe a reconstructed daily water temperature dataset that supplements sparse historical observations for 55 river stations across western Canada. We employed the air2stream model for reconstructing water temperature dataset over the period 1980–2018, with air temperature and discharge data used as model inputs. The model was calibrated and validated by comparing with observed water temperature records, and the results indicate a reasonable statistical performance. We also present historical trends over the ice-free summer months from June to September using the reconstructed dataset, which indicate- significantly increasing water temperature trends for most stations. Besides trend analysis, the dataset could be used for various applications, such as calculation of heat fluxes, calibration/validation of process-based water temperature models, establishment of baseline condition for future climate projections, and assessment of impacts on ecosystems health and water quality.

Exhibition Schedule: The Block Museum, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, January 26–July 21, 2019; Aga Khan Museum, Toronto, Canada, September 21, 2019–February 23, 2020; Smithsonian Museum of African Art, Washington, DC, TBD–TBD

NOTICIAS / NEWS (“Transfer”, 2015) 1) CONGRESOS / CONFERENCES: 1. First Forlì International Workshop – Corpus-based Interpreting Studies: The State of the Art University of Bologna at Forlì, 7-8 May 2015. http://eventi.sslmit.unibo.it/cis1/<file:///owa/redir.aspx 2. 5th IATIS Conference – Innovation Paths in Translation and Intercultural Studies, Belo Horizonte, Brazil, 7-10 July 2015. www.iatis.org/index.php/iatis-belo-horizonte-conference/itemlist/category/168-call-for-communication-proposals-within-the-general-conference 3. POETRY/TRANSLATION/FILM – POÉSIE/TRADUCTION/FILM PoeTransFi, Paul Valéry University, Montpellier, France, 18-19 June 2015. http://pays-anglophones.upv.univ-montp3.fr/?page_id=1795 4. 6th International Maastricht-Lodz Duo Colloquium on “Translation and Meaning”, Maastricht School of Translation & Interpre-ting, Zuyd University of Applied Sciences, Maastricht, Netherlands 21-22 May 2015. www.translation-and-meaning.nl 5. MiddleWOmen. Networking and cultural mediation with and between women (1850-1950). Centre for Reception Studies (CERES), HERA Travelling TexTs project and Huygens ING KU Leuven campus Brussels 7-8 May 2015. www.receptionstudies.be 6. 5th International Symposium: Respeaking, Live Subtitling and Accessibility, Università degli Studi Internazionali di Roma, Italy, 12 June 2015. www.unint.eu/it/component/content/article/8-pagina/494-respeaking-live-subtitling-and-accessibility.html 7. Conference on Law, Translation and Culture (LTC5) and Legal and Institutional Translation Seminar, University of Geneva, Switzerland 24-26 June 2015. www.unige.ch/traduction-interpretation/recherches/groupes/transius/conference2015_en.html 8. 6th International Conference Media for All – Audiovisual Translation and Media Accessibility: Global Challenges, University of Western Sydney, Australia, 16-18 September 2015. http://uws.edu.au/mediaforall 9. Translation in Exile, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 10-11 December 2015. www.cliv.be 10. Literary Translation as Creation, Université d’Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, 20-21 May 2015. laurence.belingard@univ-avignon.fr marie-francoise.sanconie@univ-avignon.fr 11. 4th International Conference on Language, Medias and Culture (ICLMC 2015) 9-10 April 2015. Kyoto, Japan, www.iclmc.org 12. 9th International Colloquium on Translation Studies in Portugal – Translation & Revolution, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Lisbon, 22-23 October 2015. ix.translation.revolution@gmail.com 13. Translation as Collaboration: Translaboration?, University of Westminster, London, 18 June 2015 Contact: Alexa Alfer (A.Alfer01@westminster.ac.uk), Steven Cranfield (S.Cranfield@westminster.ac.uk), Paresh Kathrani (P.Kathrani@westminster.ac.uk) 14. Translation/Interpreting Teaching and the Bologna Process: Pathways between Unity and Diversity, FTSK Germersheim, Germany 27–29 November 2015. www.fb06.uni-mainz.de/did2015/index_ENG.php 15. Atlantic Communities: Translation, Mobility, Hospitality, University of Vigo, Spain, 17-18 September 2015. http://translating.hypotheses.org/551 16. Exploring the Literary World III: Transgression and Translation in Literature Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand 23-24 April 2015. www.arts.chula.ac.th/~complit/complite/?q=conference 17. Authenticity and Imitation in Translation and Culture, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland, 7 – 9 May 2015. www.swps.pl/english-version/news/conferences/12164-authenticity-and-imitation-in-translation-and-culture 18. Translation in Transition, Barnard College, New York City, USA 1-2 May 2015. barnard.edu/translation/translation-in-transition 19. First Forlì International Workshop – Corpus-based Interpreting Studies: The state of the art, University of Bologna at Forlì, Italy, 7-8 May 2015. http://eventi.sslmit.unibo.it/cis1 20. Translation and Meaning. The Lodz Session of the 6th International Maastricht-Lodz Duo Colloquium, University of Lodz, Poland, 18-19 September 2015. http://duo.uni.lodz.pl 21. TAO-CAT-2015, Université Catholique de l’Ouest, Angers, France 28-30 May 2015. www.tao2015.org/home-new 22. English Language and Literary Studies (ELLS 2015), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 3-4 August 2015. http://ells2015.com 23. Talking to the World 2: The Relevance of Translation and Interpreting – Past, Present and Future, Newcastle University, UK, 10-11 September 2015. www.ncl.ac.uk/sml/study/postgraduate/T&I/2015conference/main.htm 24. 6th International Symposium for Young Researchers in Translation, Interpreting, Intercultural Studies and East Asian Studies Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain, 3 July 2015. www.fti.uab.es/departament/simposi-2015/en/index.htm 25. Portsmouth Translation Conference: Border Crossing or Border Creation?, University of Portsmouth, UK, 14 November 2015. www.port.ac.uk/translation/events/conference 26. New Perspectives in Assessment in Translation Training: Bridging the Gap between Academic and Professional Assessment, University of Westminster, London, UK, 4 September 2015. www.westminster.ac.uk/news-and-events/events/humanities/archive/2014/mlc/new-perspectives-in-assessment-in-translation-training-bridging-the-gap-between-academic-and-professional-assessment 27. III Congreso Internacional de Neología en las Lenguas Románicas University of Salamanca, 22-24 October 2015. http://diarium.usal.es/cineo2015 28. Some Holmes and Popovič in all of us? The Low Countries and the Nitra Schools in the 21st century, Constantine the Philosopher University, Nitra, Slovakia, 8-10 October 2015. Contact: igor.tyss@gmail.com 29. The Cultural Politics of Translation, Cairo, Egypt, 27-29 October 2015. https://culturalpoliticstranslation2015.wordpress.com 30. Journée d’étude « le(s) figure(s) du traducteur », Mount Royal University, Calgary, Canada, 30 April 2015. http://mrujs.mtroyal.ca/index.php/cf/index 31. Mediterranean Editors and Translators Annual Meeting —Versatility and readiness for new challenges, University of Coimbra, Portugal, 29-31 October 2015. www.metmeetings.org/en/preliminary-program:722 32. Lengua, Literatura y Traducción “liLETRAd”, University of Seville, Spain, 7-8 July 2015. http://congreso.us.es/liletrad. 33. Meta: Translators' Journal is celebrating its 60th anniversary in 2015! For the occasion, an anniversary colloquium will be held on August 19th to 21st, 2015 at the Université de Montréal (Montréal, Canada). Colloquium for the 60th Anniversary of META – 1955-2015: Les horizons de la traduction: retour vers le futur. Translation’s horizons: back to the future. Los horizontes de la traducción: regreso al futuro, August 19-21, 2015 – Université de Montréal. Please send your proposal to this address: meta60e@gmail.com, to the attention of Georges L. Bastin or Eve-Marie Gendron-Pontbrian 2) CURSOS DE POSGRADO / MASTERS: 1. Legal Translation, Master universitario di II livello in Traduzione Giuridica University of Trieste, Italy. http://apps.units.it/Sitedirectory/InformazioniSpecificheCdS/Default.aspx?cdsid=10374&ordinamento=2012&sede=1&int=web&lingua=15 2. Traducción Especializada, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC), Spain. http://estudios.uoc.edu/es/masters-posgrados-especializaciones/master/artes-humanidades/traduccion-especializada/presentacion 3. Online course: La Traducción Audiovisual y el Aprendizaje de Lenguas Extranjeras, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, 1st December 2014 to 31st May 2015. http://formacionpermanente.uned.es/tp_actividad/idactividad/7385 https://canal.uned.es/mmobj/index/id/21174 Contact: Noa Talaván (ntalavan@flog.uned.es), José Javier Ávila (javila@flog.uned.es) 4. Online course: Audio Description and Its Use in the Foreign Language Classroom, UNED, Madrid, Spain http://formacionpermanente.uned.es/tp_actividad/idactividad/7492 5. Online course: Curso de Formación de Profesorado, La Traducción Audiovisual y el Aprendizaje de Lenguas Extranjeras UNED, Madrid, Spain. http://formacionpermanente.uned.es/tp_actividad/idactividad/7385 6. EST Training Seminar for Translation Teachers, Kraków, Poland 29 June – 3 July 2015. www.est-translationstudies.org/events/2015_seminar_teachers/index.html 7. Train the Trainer -Teaching MT: EAMT-funded Workshop, Dublin City University, 30 April- 1 May 2015. https://cttsdcu.wordpress.com/eamt-workshop-on-teaching-mt-to-translator-trainers-30-april-1-may 3) CURSOS DE VERANO / SUMMER COURSES: 1. 2015 Nida School of Translation Studies, Leading Edges in Translation: World Literature and Performativity, San Pellegrino University Foundation campus, Misano Adriatico, Italy, 18-29 may 2015. http://nsts.fusp.it/Nida-Schools/NSTS-2015 2. EMUNI Translation Studies Doctoral and Teacher Training Summer School, University of Turku, Finland, 1-12 June 2015. www.utu.fi/en/units/hum/units/languages/EASS/Pages/home.aspx 3. Chinese-English Translation and Interpretation, School of Translation and Interpretation, University of Ottawa, Canada, 13th July – 7th August 7 2015. http://arts.uottawa.ca/translation/summer-programs 4. Summer Program in Translation Pedagogy, University of Ottawa 13 July – 7 August 2015. http://arts.uottawa.ca/translation/summer-programs 4) LIBROS / BOOKS: 1. Audio Description: New Perspectives Illustrated, Edited by Anna Maszerowska, Anna Matamala and Pilar Orero, John Benjamins, 2014. https://benjamins.com/#catalog/books/btl.112/main 2. Call for papers: Translation Studies in Africa and beyond: Reconsidering the Postcolony, Editors: J Marais & AE Feinauer Contacts: Kobus Marais (jmarais@ufs.ac.za) or Ilse Feinauer (aef@sun.ac.za). 4. Measuring live subtitling quality: Results from the second sampling exercise, Ofcom, UK. http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/consultations/subtitling/sampling-results-2 5. A Training Handbook for Legal and Court Interpreters in Australia by Mary Vasilakakos, ISBN 978-0-9925873-0-7, Publisher: Language Experts Pty Ltd. www.interpreterrevalidationtraining.com www.languageexperts.com.au 6. Call for papers: Opera and Translation: Eastern and Western Perspectives, Edited by Adriana Serban and Kelly Kar Yue Chan http://pays-anglophones.upv.univ-montp3.fr/?page_id=1908 7. The Known Unknowns of Translation Studies, Edited by Elke Brems, Reine Meylaerts and Luc van Doorslaer, Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 2014. https://benjamins.com/#catalog/books/bct.69/main 8. Translating the Voices of Theory/ La traduction des voi de la théorie Edited by Isabelle Génin and Ida Klitgård, 2014. www.hf.uio.no/ilos/english/research/groups/Voice-in-Translation/ 9. Authorial and Editorial Voices in Translation 1 - Collaborative Relationships between Authors, Translators, and Performers, Eds. Hanne Jansen and Anna Wegener, 2014. http://editionsquebecoisesdeloeuvre.ca/data/documents/AEVA-Flyer-1-190895-Vita-Traductiva-Vol-2-Flyer-EN-100413.pdf 10. Authorial and Editorial Voices in Translation 2 - Editorial and Publishing Practices, Eds. Hanne Jansen and Anna Wegener, 2014. www.editionsquebecoisesdeloeuvre.ca/accueil 11. Call for papers: Achieving Consilience. Translation Theories and Practice. https://cfpachievingconsilience.wordpress.com 12. Framing the Interpreter. Towards a visual perspective. Anxo Fernández-Ocampo & Michaela Wolf (eds.), 2014, London: Routledge. http://routledge-ny.com/books/details/9780415712743 13. Multilingual Information Management: Information, Technology and Translators, Ximo Granell, 2014. http://store.elsevier.com/Multilingual-Information-Management/Ximo-Granell-/isbn-9781843347712/ 14. Writing and Translating Francophone Discourse: Africa, The Caribbean, Diaspora, Paul F. Bandia (ed.), 2014, Amsterdam, Rodopi www.brill.com/products/book/writing-and-translating-francophone-discourse 15. Call for papers (collective volumen): Translation studies in Africa and beyond: Reconsidering the postcolony www.facebook.com/notes/mona-baker/translation-studies-in-africa-and-beyond-reconsidering-the-postcolony/743564399051495 16. Audiovisual Translation in the Digital Age - The Italian Fansubbing Phenomenon, By Serenella Massidda, Palgrave Connect, 2015. www.palgrave.com/page/detail/audiovisual-translation-in-the-digital-age-serenella-massidda/?k=9781137470362 17. Video: First International SOS-VICS Conference - Building communication bridges in gender violence, University of Vigo, Spain 25-26 September 2014. http://cuautla.uvigo.es/CONSOS/ 18. Camps, Assumpta. Traducción y recepción de la literatura italiana, Publicacions i Edicions UB, 2014. ISBN: 978-84-475-3776-1. 19. Camps, Assumpta. Italia en la prensa periódica durante el franquismo, Publicacions i Edicions UB, 2014. ISBN: 978-84-475-3753-2. 5) REVISTAS / JOURNALS: Call for papers: “Altre Modernità – Rivista di studi letterarie e culturali” Special Issue: Ideological Manipulation in Audiovisual Translation, Contact: irene.ranzato@uniroma.it. http://riviste.unimi.it/index.php/AMonline/announcement/view/381 2. Call for papers: “Between, Journal of the Italian Association of Comparative Literature”. Special issue on censorship and self-censorship. http://ojs.unica.it/index.php/between/pages/view/CFP9_censura_auto-censura 3. Open access journal, “Hieronymus, A Journal of Translation Studies and Terminology”, Croatia. www.ffzg.unizg.hr/hieronymus 4. “DIE SCHNAKE. Zeitschrift für Sprachkritik, Satire, Literatur”, Number 39+40, Kleines ABC des Literaturübersetzens. www.rainer-kohlmayer.de 5. Call for papers: “MonTI” 8 (2016) - Economic, Financial and Business Translation: from Theory to Training and Professional Practice. http://dti.ua.es/es/monti-english/monti-authors.html daniel.gallego@ua.es 6. Call for papers: “LINGUISTICA ANTVERPIENSIA”, NEW SERIES -Themes in Translation Studies (15/2016). Interpreting in Conflict Situations and in Conflict Zones throughout History. https://lans.ua.ac.be/index.php/LANS-TTS/announcement 7. Call for papers: “CULTUS: The Journal of Intercultural Mediation and Communication” (8/2016). The Intercultural Question and the Interpreting Professions. www.cultusjournal.com 8. Call for papers: “The Journal of Specialised Translation” Non-thematic issue, Issue 26, July 2016. www.jostrans.org 9. “TranscUlturAl: A journal of Translation and Culture Studies”, Special issue Translating Street Art. http://ejournals.library.ualberta.ca/index.php/TC/issue/view/1634 10. “Przekładaniec 28: Audiodeskrypcja [Audio Description]”, edited by Anna Jankowska and Agnieszka Szarkowska. All papers are published in Polish, with English abstracts. www.ejournals.eu/Przekladaniec/zakladka/66/ 11. Call for papers: “Lingvisticæ Investigationes”, Special issue on Spanish Phraseology: Varieties and Variations. http://dti.ua.es/es/documentos/li-call-for-papers-spanish-phraseology-varieties-and-variations.pdf Further details: Pedro.mogorron@ua.es; xblancoe@gmail.com 13. Call for papers: “Revista de Lenguas para Fines Específicos”, Special issue on The Translation of Advertising. Contact: Laura Cruz (lcruz@dis.ulpgc.es). Deadline: 20th July 2015. www.webs.ulpgc.es/lfe 14. “The AALITRA Review”. www.nla.gov.au/openpublish/index.php/ALLITRA 15. “Current Trends in Translation Teaching and Learning E” www.cttl.org/cttl-e-2014.html 16. Call for papers: “Current Trends in Translation Teaching and Learning E”. www.cttl.org 18. Call for papers: “Translation and Translanguaging in Multilingual Contexts”, Volume 1, Number 2, 2015 Deadline: 10-Jan-2015. https://benjamins.com/#catalog/journals/ttmc/main 19. Call for book reviews: “TRANS. Revista de Traductología,” vol.19, 2015. Deadline: Friday, 30th January 2015. www.trans.uma.es trans@uma.es 20. Call for papers: “a journal of literature, culture and literary Translation”. Special volume – Utopia and Political Theology Today Deadline: 15th January 2015. Contact: sic.journal.contact@gmail.com https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/01 21. “trans-kom”. www.trans-kom.eu 22. “Linguistica Antverpiensia” NS-TTS 13/2014: Multilingualism at the cinema and on stage: A translation perspective, Edited by Reine Meylaerts and Adriana Şerban. https://lans-tts.uantwerpen.be/index.php/LANS-TTS/issue/current 23. Call for papers: 5th issue (2015) of “Estudios de Traducción”, Deadline: 20 February 2015. www.ucm.es/iulmyt/revista 24. Call for papers: “Journal of Translation Studies” - special issue on Translator & Interpreter Education in East Asia. KATS (Korean Association of Translation Studies), www.kats.or.kr (Go to 'English' page). Contact: Won Jun Nam (wonjun_nam@daum.net, wjnam@hufs.ac.kr). 25. “The Journal of Specialised Translation”, 23, January 2015. www.jostrans.org 26. Call for papers: “TranscUlturAl: A Journal of Translation and Cultural Studies”. Deadline: 15 March 2015. http://ejournals.library.ualberta.ca/index.php/TC/announcement 27. “New Voices in Translation Studies”, Issue 11 (Fall 2014). www.iatis.org/index.php/publications/new-voices-in-translation-studies/item/1034-issue11-2014 28. “The Interpreter and Translator Trainer”, 8:3 (2014). Special issue: Dialogue Interpreting in practice: bridging the gap between empirical research and interpreter education E. Davitti and S. Pasquandrea (eds.) www.tandfonline.com/toc/ritt20/current#.VLQHuyvF-So 6) WEBS DE INTERÉS / WEBSITES OF INTEREST: 1. Support Spanish interpreters to secure the right to translation and interpreting in criminal proceedings: www.change.org/p/pablo-casado-retiren-el-proyecto-de-ley-org%C3%A1nica-que-modifica-la-lecrim

SummarySeveral introduced high-yielding varieties of grain sorghum were screened for natural infestation of shootfly Atherigona yorki Deeming, and stem borers, Sesamia cretica Led. and Chilo partellus (Swinhoe), at different sowing dates in 1980–1 and 1981–2 sowing seasons in People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (PDR Yemen).The recently introduced high-yielding variety Dwarf White Milo (DWM) was found to be more prone to infestation by shootfly and stem borers than the local variety ‘Baini’ although it gave higher yield. All varieties tested gave higher yields when sown in March, August, September than when sown in April, May, October or November; 26 August and 16 September sowings gave the highest yields. B815, W823 and 8454 gave higher yields than the recently recommended high-yielding variety DWM, in response to lower infestation with the shootfly and stem borers; B815 and 8454 gave higher yields when sown on 26 August than when sown on 16 September. On the contrary, W823 gave higher yield when sown on 16 September than when sown on 26 August. This information could be used in formulating insect pest management programmes for sorghum pests in PDR Yemen.

The medicolegal experience of Canadian plastic surgeons from 1980 to 1995 was reviewed. During the most recent six years (1990 to 1995) 331 legal actions were closed, and these files were analyzed by the Education Department at the Canadian Medical Protective Association. Lawsuits arose most frequently from breast surgery (26%); facial surgery (21%) and hand surgery (19%) also contributed to lawsuits. Outcomes revealed that cases were often dismissed (64%)or won if they advanced to trial (9%); however, 23% required settlement on behalf of the defendant surgeon, while 4%were lost at trial. The largest damages awarded were in cases arising from hand surgery. The high cost of defending plastic surgeons is a reflection of frequency rather than severity of cases giving rise to legal actions.

In the first part of the twentieth century, Hungary produced an unusually large number of world-class mathematicians. They included, most notably, L. Fejér, A. Haar, F. and M. Riesz, J. von Neumann, G. Pólya, G. SzegÕ , P. Turán and perhaps, above all, the subject of this memoir, Pál (Paul) ErdÕs. As Ernst Straus put it, ErdÕs was ‘the crown prince of problem solvers and the undisputed monarch of problem posers’. ErdÕs was born in Hungary but left his native land when he was 21; from then on he lived in England, the USA, Canada, Israel and many other countries but frequently visited Hungary and had many Hungarian friends. Although he never had a ‘proper’ academic job, through his prodigious output, his host of co-authors, his constant travels and his amazing body of unsolved problems, he has greatly influenced mathematics today. He proved fundamental results in number theory, combinatorics, probability and approximation theory, as well as in set theory, elementary geometry and topology, and real and complex analysis. He was instrumental in the birth of probabilistic number theory and was the main advocate of the use of probabilistic methods in mathematics in general. He was also one of the originators of modern graph theory. He had an exceptional ability for joint work and many of his best results were obtained in collaboration; he wrote altogether about 1500 papers, perhaps five times as many as other prolific mathematicians, and he had about 500 collaborators.

Changes in proximate body composition were analyzed in nonmigratory giant Canada geese (Branta canadensis maxima) from Toronto, Ont. (43°37′N, 79°20′W), collected during early and late egg laying in 1980 and 1981, and during incubation and moult in 1981. Early nesting geese had more fat, though not more protein, than late nesting birds in both years. Geese collected in 1981 had more fat and protein than geese collected in 1980. Early and late laying females in both years lost on average 198 g (26%) of fat and 34 g (5%) of protein from the beginning to the end of laying. Fifty-eight percent of the fat reserves possessed at the beginning of laying were lost during incubation. Fat reserves of prelaying Branta canadensis interior nesting on the James Bay lowland (53°15′N, 82°09′W) in 1980 were 9% greater than those of B. c. maxima nesting in Southern Ontario. During the moult at Toronto, Canada geese lost weight from flight muscles while gaining weight in other muscles and in fat. This pattern is seen in waterfowl moulting at several latitudes, and indicates that geese moulting in both southern and northern latitudes probably rely on nutrients in food rather than in body tissues to supply growing feathers.

Independence movements are today present in several stateless territorially concentrated nations, irrespective of their level of self-government. Among advanced industrial democracies, the stronger secessionist movements are found in Belgium, Canada, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom (Keating 1996; Sorens 2005). In the absence of a secession clause in their respective constitutions, a broad array of political parties and civil society groups have mobilized to demand a self-determination referendum as a means to let the citizenry of their territories express their will (Muñoz and Guinjoan 2013). Canada held a referendum on the secession of Quebec in 1980 and 1995. The United Kingdom called a popular vote on Scotland's independence in September 2014. In the Spanish case, Catalonia convoked a consultation in November 2014, although the central government did not recognize its legality.

In order to determine the effectiveness of Sport Canada's (a unit of the Government of Canada) Athlete Assistance Program (AAP), the performance histories (standardized scores) of 371 AAP-funded swimmers (n = 183) and track-and-field athletes (« = 188) of both genders carded from September 1980 to November 1990 were analyzed. Because of the differences in the absolute performances of males and females, and the differences in standardizing the performances in the two sports, data of the males and females in each sport were analyzed separately. The results showed that carded athletes in each of the four groups improved their performances significantly following the awarding of carding status. Also, swimmers improved more consistently than the track-and-field athletes. For swimmers, younger athletes improved more than the older athletes, while the opposite was true with the track-and-field athletes. Based on these results, related funding policy issues were discussed.

On September 26, 1980, at 22:19, a bomb exploded at the main entrance to the Oktoberfest in Munich. The bomb, which had been put together by an apparently politically motivated individual, had planted at waist level in a litter bin. Reconstruction from the fragments found at the site and in the bodies of the victims indicated that the bomb was made from a British mortar projectile, manufactured in 1954, which had been modified to ensure particularly intensive fragmentation. The area affected by the explosion was the size of a soccer field. The effects of the explosion were extremely severe (Figures 1-3): 13 fatalities and approximately 225 nonfatal casualties, of which approximately 50 were severely injured.Thanks to quick, accurate reporting of this major disaster to the Munich Emergency Control Center, which acts as the central coordinating point in case of emergencies, a contingency plan was put into action, which had proved to be effective for disasters involving more than 35 injured. This plan calls for the dispatching of 5 ambulances staffed with physicians, all other available ambulances and the alerting of all hospitals which may have to receive casualties.

Abstract Summer forage use by tame white-tailed deer in four fuelwood cuts (0.5-2.5 ha) in southeastern New Hampshire was studied from July 1 to September 10, 1980. Canada mayflower was the most consumed individual food. Leaves of hardwood stump sprouts were consumed and preferred more than leaves of hardwood seedlings and saplings. Red oak and red maple were the most consumed and available sprout leaves. Nutritional advantages of sprout leaves over leaves from seedlings and saplings were evident; sprout leaves were higher in crude protein and ether extract, and lower in crude fiber and ADF. Fuelwood harvesting recommendations in relation to deer use are discussed. North. J. Appl. For. 6:72-74, June 1989.

Abstract Internal ethylene of attached fruit of ‘Starkspur Golden Delicious’ apple as influenced by 6 rootstocks: Seedling, Mailing (M1) 1, Mailing Merton 106 (MM 106), M 7, OAR 1, M 26, at 2 levels each of soil-applied K and N were measured during maturation for 2 years (1980 and 1981). Ethylene evolution of detached fruit as a result of these treatments also was measured after 2.5 months of storage at 0°C in 1981. Internal ethylene in the attached fruit was less than 0.1 μl·liter-1 in late September and early October and began to rise between 9 Oct. and 15 Oct. Internal ethylene increased in all treatments, almost at the same time in 1980. In 1981, ethylene in the fruit on OAR 1 began to increase 9 days later than in the other rootstocks. However, levels of ethylene in the fruit were relatively low on OAR 1 and high on M 26 as compared to those on other rootstocks in late October 1980 and 1981 and during poststorage 1981 samplings. Ethylene levels in fruit from other rootstocks were similar. Because of these variable effects of rootstocks, and the effects of a low field temperature in reducing internal ethylene levels, field sampling of internal ethylene levels was an unreliable indicator of the proper harvest time, as measured by other maturity indices. No consistent influence of K or N applications was found in the internal ethylene of the attached fruit; however, high N applications increased ethylene evolution after storage.

Based on current knowledge of the ecology and distribution of Snapping Turtle (Chelydra serpentina), both in eastern Canada and elsewhere, we conclude this species is native to Cape Breton Island. Seventy-two reports of Snapping Turtle from Cape Breton (1999–2017) indicate a range centred in the area south of Bras d’Or Lake. Date of oviposition ranged from 19 June to 10 July (median = 26 June) among 26 nests observed during 2012–2014. Clutch size for these nests was 23–65 eggs (mean = 46) and among 25 protected nests average rate of hatchling emergence was 21.5%. Time from oviposition to emergence of hatchlings (n = 256) was 75–120 days (mean = 87.2; SD = 9.0) among 20 nests. First emergence ranged from 9 September to 20 October (75–114 nest days; mean = 90) and last emergence ranged from 13 September to 28 October (86–120 nest days; mean = 100). Duration of emergence ranged from one day (i.e., synchronous emergence; five nests) to 37 days (mean = 11 days). The number of days on which hatchlings emerged at a nest ranged from one to nine days (mean = 4 days). Maximum carapace length was 25.0–31.8 mm (mean = 29.0 mm) and maximum carapace width was 23.5–30.0 mm (mean = 27.0 mm) for 256 hatchlings that emerged from 20 protected nests. Mass of hatchlings was 4.9–9.9 g (mean = 7.8 g).

No population-based study exists to demonstrate the full-spectrum impact of COVID-19 on hindering incident cancer detection in a large cancer system. Building upon our previous publication in JNCCN, we conducted an updated analysis using 12 months of new data accrued in the pandemic era (extending the study period from September 26, 2020, to October 2, 2021) to demonstrate how multiple COVID-19 waves affected the weekly cancer incidence volume in Ontario, Canada, and if we have fully cleared the backlog at the end of each wave.

Abstract Mark is a new dwarfing, vegetatively propagated apple rootstock now released for commercial use. The stature of trees on Mark is similar to that on M 26, or about 50% compared to seedling stock (1, 2). It produces a strong root system, providing freestanding trees of ‘Red Prince Delicious’, now in their 15th year. With the same nonspur cultivar, Mark has demonstrated precocity similar to that of M 9. In a NC-140 rootstock trial at East Lansing, ‘Starkspur Supreme Delicious’/Mark, planted in 1980, has been superior to date in blossom production as compared to 7 other rootstocks (Table 1). Other NC-140 trials in several states and Canada have shown similar trends in blossom and fruit production (6).

We evaluated harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena (Linnaeus, 1758)) strandings in the Salish Sea to determine calving seasonality (1980–2015). A total of 443 strandings were analyzed, of which 134 were calves and 53 were neonates. Stranded calves were reported every month, but peaked in July, August, and September. Based on fetal size and an estimated fetal growth rate of 80 mm/month, mean (±SD) conception date (and range) was back-calculated to 11 October ± 30 days (16 August – 31 December) and was later than in most other studies. Using mean (±SD) length at birth (80 ± 5.8 cm), gestation was estimated to be approximately 10.8 months. Estimated birthing period was 16 July – 27 November, with a mean (±SD) birth date of 10 September (±30.7 days) and a birth length of 80.0 cm. Estimated pregnancy rate (0.28–0.29) is lower than reported in other areas and is likely an underestimate due to missed early embryos, poor postmortem condition of a large proportion of the stranded adult females, and potential biases related to the animals that strand and are available. This study of harbor porpoise reproduction and calving in the Salish Sea is the first assessment of calving seasonality for this species in the northeast Pacific Ocean.

ABSTRACT Few recently published studies investigating the benefits of educational and cognitive interventions on quality of life (QoL), psychological well-being, and depressive symptoms are available. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of educational and cognitive interventions on psychological well-being, QoL, and mood in mature and older adults without dementia and/or with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: The systematic review took place from September to October 2020 and the following databases were used to select the studies: SciELO, LILACS, PubMed, and Medline. The search terms used were idos* AND “treino cognitivo” AND “bem-estar psicológico” AND “qualidade de vida” and their corresponding translations in English and Spanish. Results: Of the 241 articles retrieved, 26 primary studies were included in the review. Of these, 18 showed improvement in QoL, psychological well-being, or cognition. Conclusions: The studies reported beneficial effects of educational and cognitive interventions for QoL, psychological well-being, and depressive symptoms of mature and older adults without dementia or depression.

The seasonal occurrence, recruitment, and maturation dynamics of Allocreadium lobatum (Digenea: Allocreadiidae) infecting the fallfish, Semotilus corporalis, from the Magaguadavic Lakes system, New Brunswick, Canada, were studied from May 1978 through July 1978 and from February 1979 through November 1980. Allocreadium lobatum has an annual cycle with both low mean intensity and low prevalence of infection occurring from July through September and increasing to high levels from November through May. Parasite recruitment, marked by the presence of a high percentage (≥ 58%) of immature and mature worms in fallfish, is greater from August through November but occurs intermittantly throughout the year. From February through July at least 60% of the parasite population is composed of gravid individuals which die after oviposition. The seasonality of parasite occurrence, recruitment, and maturation cycles is discussed in relation to temperature changes of the water, host diet, and trends in the occurrence of amphipods which are the second intermediate hosts of A. lobatum.

Background: Resource restrictions were established in many jurisdictions to maintain health system capacity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Disrupted healthcare access likely impacted early cancer detection. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of the pandemic on weekly reported cancer incidence. Patients and Methods: This was a population-based study involving individuals diagnosed with cancer from September 25, 2016, to September 26, 2020, in Ontario, Canada. Weekly cancer incidence counts were examined using segmented negative binomial regression models. The weekly estimated backlog during the pandemic was calculated by subtracting the observed volume from the projected/expected volume in that week. Results: The cohort consisted of 358,487 adult patients with cancer. At the start of the pandemic, there was an immediate 34.3% decline in the estimated mean cancer incidence volume (relative rate, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.57–0.75), followed by a 1% increase in cancer incidence volume in each subsequent week (relative rate, 1.009; 95% CI, 1.001–1.017). Similar trends were found for both screening and nonscreening cancers. The largest immediate declines were seen for melanoma and cervical, endocrinologic, and prostate cancers. For hepatobiliary and lung cancers, there continued to be a weekly decline in incidence during the COVID-19 period. Between March 15 and September 26, 2020, 12,601 fewer individuals were diagnosed with cancer, with an estimated weekly backlog of 450. Conclusions: We estimate that there is a large volume of undetected cancer cases related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Incidence rates have not yet returned to prepandemic levels.

This study integrated local and scientific knowledge to assess the impacts of climate change and variability on food security in West Pokot County, Kenya from 1980–2012. It characterized rainfall and temperature from 1980–2011 and the phenology of agricultural vegetation, assessed land use and land cover (LULC) changes, and surveyed local knowledge and perceptions of the relationships between climate change and variability, land use decisions, and food (in)security. The 124 respondents were aware of long-term changes in their environment, with 68% strongly believing that climate has become more variable. The majority of the respondents (88%) reported declining rainfall and rising temperatures, with respondents in the lowland areas reporting shortened growing seasons that affected food production. Meteorological data for 1980–2011 confirmed high inter-annual rainfall variability around the mean value of 973.4 mm/yr but with no notable trend. Temperature data showed an increasing trend between 1980 and 2012 with lowlands and highlands showing changes of +1.25 °C and +1.29 °C, respectively. Land use and land cover changes between 1984 and 2010 showed cropland area increased by +4176% (+33,138 ha), while grassland and forest areas declined by –49% (–96,988 ha) and –38% (–65,010 ha), respectively. These area changes illustrate human-mediated responses to the rainfall variability, such as increased stocking after good rainfall years and crop area expansion. The mean Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values ranged from 0.36–0.54 within a year, peaking in May and September. For weather-related planning, respondents relied on radio (64%) and traditional forecasters (26%) as predominant information sources. Supporting continuous climate change monitoring, intensified early warning systems, and disseminating relevant information to farmers could help farmers adopt appropriate adaptation strategies.

Abstract:The University of Victoria has the only program in Canada offering a Bachelor of Science degree in Health Information Science. To meet the requirements of the degree, students must complete 40 courses and 4 CO-OP work terms over 4.3 years. The School admits 30 students each September of which 60% are normally female. Seventy-five percent of the students come from British Columbia, ranging in age from 18 to 42 with the average age being 26 years. In addition to recent high school graduates, over 40% have previous degrees or diplomas, and 65% have over 5 years of work experience. The School’s teaching team consists of 5 full-time faculty, 3 professional staff and 4 part-time faculty. The majority of the faculty have health backgrounds, totalling 135 person-years of practising health care experience. As of November 1992, the School had 113 graduates; 75% are employed in British Columbia, 18% are in other parts of Canada and 7% outside the country. Forty-five percent of the graduates work in government departments including community health agencies; 29% work in hospitals; 26% work in management consulting firms, software houses, or computer hardware firms. They work as systems/project analysts, systems consultants, research assistants, planning analysts, system-support staff, trainers/developers and client account representatives. Some are already in senior management positions.

AbstractThe surficial sediment (0–10 cm) of shallow eutrophic Lake Võrtsjärv (Estonia) was characterized by an acid insoluble residue of 50% dry weight and low nutrient, Fe and Mn content. Among phosphorus (P) fractions (Hieltjes and Lijklema, 1980), NaOH‐NRP amounted on an average to 50%, HCl‐RP to 30%, NaOH‐RP to 16%, and NH4Cl‐RP to 4% of their sum. Seasonal changes in sediment P content were inconsistent with mass balance calculations and could be attributed to sediment redistribution caused by decreasing water level. High Fe/P ratio (26–30) and the aeration of surficial sediment by frequent resuspension kept phosphate adsorbed. Low pore‐water SRP (commonly <10 μg l−1) usually prevented phosphate release from surficial sediment. However, a storm in September 1996 (max. wind speed 16 m s−1) which coincided with the extremely low water level in the lake (mean depth 1.44 m), denuded deeper anoxic sediment layers and caused a SRP release of 193 mg P m−2 d−1.

Penelitian tentang formulasi hukum pidana terhadap rumusan tindak pidana perzinaan dalam pembaharuan hukum di Indonesia bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis tentang kebijakan formulasi hukum pidana dalam merumuskan delik perzinaan dimasa sekarang dan yang akan datang terhadap pembaharuan hukum di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian dan analisis data dalam penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa: pertama, pada dasarnya saat ini sudah terdapat kebijakan hukum pidana yang berkaitan dengan rumusan perzinaan. Yaitu, KUHP Pasal 284 tentang perzinaan, Yurisprudensi MA Nomor 93/K/Kr/1976 yang menyatakan bahwa “pengadilan negeri berwenang untuk memeriksa dan memutus perbuatan yang menurut hukum adat dianggap sebagai perbuatan pidana yang mempunyai bandingan dengan KUHP”. Keputusan MA No 349/K/Kr/1980 tanggal 26 Desember 1980 mengenai perkara Pasal 284 (1) Ia KUHP. Namun beberapa kebijakan ini belum berlaku secara maksimal, karena masih mengandung beberapa kekurangan antara lain dalam perumusan delik Pada Pasal 284 yang mengkategorikan zina sebagai delik aduan absolut. Kemudian dalam sistem perumusan sanksi yang tidak tepat dan jumlah sanksi pidana penjara serta denda masih relatif kecil. Kedua, adanya kelemahan dalam kebijakan saat ini maka perlu adanya kebijakan formulasi hukum pidana dalam upaya perumusan delik perzinaan. Kebijakan hukum yang akan datang berkaitan dengan perumusan delik perzinaan adalah konsep RUU KUHP Versi September 2019. Didalam telah merumuskan perzinaan dalam segala bentuknya, baik adultary (muhson) ataupun fornication (ghairu muhson). Selain itu, juga terdapat rumusan mengenai kumpul kebo serta incest.Kata kunci: formulasi, hukum pidana, perzinaan.Research on the formulation of criminal law on the formulation of criminal acts of adultery in legal reform in Indonesia aims to find out and analyze the policy on the formulation of criminal law in formulating offenses for adultery in the present and future of legal reform in Indonesia. The results of research and data analysis in this study states that: first, basically there is now a criminal law policy relating to the formulation of adultery. Namely, KUHP Article 284 regarding adultery, MA Jurisprudence Number 93 / K / Kr / 1976 which states that "the district court has the authority to examine and decide upon acts which according to customary law are considered as criminal offenses which have a comparison with the Criminal Code". MA Decree No. 349 / K / Kr / 1980 dated December 26, 1980 regarding the case of Article 284 (1) He is the Criminal Code. However, some of these policies have not yet been implemented to the fullest, because they still contain some shortcomings, including in the formulation of offense Article 284 which categorizes adultery as an offense of absolute complaint. Then in the formulation system of improper sanctions and the number of sanctions imprisonment and fines are still relatively small. Second, there are weaknesses in the current policy so it is necessary to formulate a criminal law policy in the formulation of an offense for adultery. The next legal policy relating to the formulation of the offense for adultery is the concept of the Criminal Code Bill for the September 2019 version. It has formulated adultery in all its forms, both adultary (muhson) or fornication (ghairu muhson). In addition, there are also formulations regarding cohabiting and incest gatherings.Keywords: formulation, criminal law, adultery

All 110 patients seen in North East Scotland after contracting malaria from foreign travel were treated in the Regional Infection Unit in Aberdeen. Those patients managed there from January 1980 to March 1991 are described. There were 54 episodes of Plasmodium falciparum malaria (49%) and 26 episodes (23%) of Plasmodium vivax malaria. The remainder had either mixed infection or were diagnosed as malaria on high clinical probability. The majority of the patients were male (80%) and under 40 years of age (84%). Most patients were either Caucasians born in the UK (69%) or native Africans (23%) who were students recently arrived for further education or who had returned from visiting their country of origin for summer holidays. The British residents acquired infection either while on oil related business in West or Central Africa (46%) or after travelling on holiday (30%). The peak incidence of presentation was August and September. 93.5% of patients with falciparum malaria had returned or originated from Africa. 42% with vivax malaria had visited Africa and 27% Papua New Guinea. 70% had been prescribed antimalarial prophylaxis but less than half of these took their medication correctly. The majority of patients with falciparum malaria presented within two weeks of arrival in Britain while patients with vivax malaria presented at varying (but generally longer) intervals, 42% being diagnosed more than three months after exposure. Falciparum infection was more severe although there have been no deaths in the unit from malaria. Our experience seemed of interest and worth reporting because of the number of patients whose infection reflected travel related to the offshore oil industry, which is centred in Aberdeen.

The meeting of experts in Warsaw is one of the activities marking the 20th anniversary of the Memory of the World (MoW) program. The events started on 1 April and were held throughout 2012, including a MoW Exhibition at the UNESCO headquarters that focused on items that are listed on MoW Register (national, regional, and international) and an international conference held 26–28 September 2012 in Vancouver, Canada, on Memory of the World in the Digital Age: Digitization and Preservation. The challenges and solutions relating to the impact of the technological advances for the preservation and accessibility of the documentary heritage have occupied the attention of UNESCO for some time, culminating in the adoption of the Charter on the Preservation of the Digital Heritage by the 32nd session of the General Conference of UNESCO on 17 October 2003.

Abstract Background. Background Invasive Group A streptococcal (iGAS) infections remain a substantial source of morbidity and mortality. We explore the clinical and molecular epidemiology of iGAS infections in Toronto, Ontario, Canada over a 26-year period. Methods The Toronto Invasive Bacterial Diseases Network has performed population-based surveillance for iGAS infections in metropolitan Toronto and Peel regions since 1992. Participating microbiology laboratories report and submit sterile site specimens for central processing. M typing was performed on iGAS isolates until September 2006; thereafter emm typing was performed. Clinical information was collected by chart review using standardized collection forms. Results Over the 26-year period there were 2819 iGAS infections, representing an average incidence of 2.85 per 100,000 residents with a nadir of 1.65 in 1993 and a peak of 4.52 in 2014. Nosocomial infections occurred in 8.9% (251/2,819). There was substantial variation in annual incidence rates over the study period with increases from 1992 until 2002 and then 2004 until 2014 (analysis for trend, P < 0.001). Skin and soft-tissue infections were the most common clinical presentation, accounting for 33.2% (936/2,819), followed by bacteremia without a focus in 15.4% (435/2,819). Necrotizing fasciitis was observed in 7.4% (208/2,819) and criteria for toxic shock syndrome were met in 17.6% (497/2,819). Overall case fatality within 30 days of hospitalization was 15.3% (95% confidence interval 14.0 to 16.6) and did not change over time. M serotype distribution varied yearly with the most common type being M1 at 22.2% (626/2,189) followed by M12 at 8.2% (230/2,189), then M89 at 5.8% (163/2,189). Antibiotic susceptibility was available from 1998 onwards with overall clindamycin susceptibility at 92.3% (1,957/2,121) and erythromycin susceptibility at 87.9% (1864/2,121). Conclusion The incidence of iGAS in Toronto, Ontario has varied over time, with no recent increase apparent. Similar to worldwide observations, M1 serotype was the most commonly isolated; most common serotypes demonstrated cyclical variation. Case fatality rates have remained relatively constant making the development of a vaccine imperative. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

1522 Background: Understanding how cancer system responded to the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic has crucial implications to de-escalation measures in future waves. Here we examined the pandemic impact on the provision of diagnostic imaging (MRI, CT, and ultrasound) and physician visits (virtual and in-person) at cancer diagnosis in Ontario, Canada. Methods: For each week of June 26, 2016–September 26, 2020, we identified cancer diagnoses whose time around diagnosis (91 days +/- the date of diagnosis) fell into this week and restricted those diagnoses to be one per person-day and to patients aged 18+ at the beginning of that week. For these cancer patients, we used physician claims database to identify diagnostic imaging and visits received around cancer diagnosis. In separate segmented negative binomial regression procedures, we assessed the trends in weekly volume of these services per thousand cancer patients in pre-pandemic (June 26, 2016 to March 14, 2020), the change in mean volume at the start of the pandemic, and the additional change in weekly volume in the pandemic (March 15, 2020 to September 26, 2020). Results: Among 403,561 cancer patients in the cohort, 41,476 (10.3%) were diagnosed in the pandemic. As COVID-19 arrived, mean diagnostic imaging volume decreased by 12.3% (95% CI: 6.4%-17.9%) where ultrasound decreased the most by 31.8% (95% CI: 23.9%-37.0%) and MRI did not change (p-value = 0.27). Afterwards, the volume of all scans increased further by 1.6% per week (95% CI: 1.3%-2.0%), where ultrasound increased the fastest by 2.4% for each week (95% CI: 1.8%-2.9%). Mean in-person visits dropped by 47.4% when COVID-19 started (95% CI: 41.6%-52.6%) while virtual visits rose by 5515% (95% CI: 4927%-6173%). In the pandemic era, in-person visits increased each week by 2.6% (95% CI: 2.0%-3.2%), but no change was observed for virtual visits (p-value = 0.10). Conclusions: Provision of diagnostic imaging and virtual visits at cancer diagnosis has been increasing since the start of COVID-19 and already exceeded pre-pandemic utilization levels. These findings imply the feasibility of combining virtual consultations with diagnostic imaging to manage new cancer patients and highlight the need to monitor the quality of these services.

In the 1940s, the totalitarian occupying regimes of Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union implemented the strictest control and ideological guidance of intellectual and spiritual life of all time in Estonia. Essentially, the mechanisms and results of control are known. Cultural life was subjected to strict pre-censorship and post-publication censorship, and in the Soviet era also to thematic dictation. The intellectual and spiritual resistance of Estonians in those years, in other words their refusal to accept the ruling ideology, has been studied very little. The most widespread way of putting up intellectual and spiritual resistance was to remain silent, in other words to avoid creating works that were agreeable to the authorities. Selective silence, that is the selection of one’s points of emphasis, and splitting, in other words writing for oneself works that one keeps in one’s drawer while at the same time writing for publication in print, are also placed in this category. Recording actual history in diaries through the eyes of contemporaries of events, reading intellectually and spiritually enjoyable literature, and other such actions were ways of putting up intellectual and spiritual resistance. The main objective of this study is to ascertain in historical context the attempts to put up intellectual and spiritual resistance in the comedies from the 1940s by Hugo Raudsepp (1883–1952), one of the most outstanding Estonian playwrights of the 20th century. Ideologically speaking, dramatic literature was clearly one of the most vulnerable branches of literature. It was created for public presentation in theatres, after all, for which reason authors had to be particularly careful in their wording. On the other hand, plays provided both authors and directors with opportunities to conceal messages between the lines. For this reason, theatre became exceedingly popular in Estonia by the final decades of the Soviet era. The ridicule and mocking of the Soviet regime were especially enjoyed. The subjugation of Estonian intellectual and spiritual life to the ideological requirements of the occupying regime was launched at the time of pre-war Stalinism (1940–1941). Its aim was to rear Soviet-minded people who would help to justify, fortify and enhance the Soviet regime. The systematic control of the activities of creative persons and the working out of dictates and regulations were nevertheless not yet completed during the first year of Soviet rule. Many outstanding cultural figures remained silent or earned a living by translating texts. At that time, Hugo Raudsepp wrote the non-political novel Viimne eurooplane [The Last European], which is noteworthy to this day, while his plays from the period of independent Estonian statehood were not staged in theatres. Starting with the German occupation (1941–1944), the point of departure for Hugo Raudsepp was writing between the lines in his comedies in order to get both readers and theatregoers to think and to give them strength of soul. In 1943, he wrote the comedy Vaheliku vapustused [Interspatial Jolts], which has later been styled as a masterpiece. He concealed numerous signs between the lines of this play referring to the fate of a small people, in other words Estonia, between its great neighbouring powers the Soviet Union and Germany. Performances of this play were soon banned. Performances in theatres of all other plays by Hugo Raudsepp were similarly banned, with one exception. During post-war Stalinism in 1944–51, the sovietisation of Estonian cultural life resumed. Hugo Raudsepp did not initially write on topical Soviet themes, rather he sought subject matter from earlier times. His first play from that period entitled Rotid [Rats] (1946) was about the German occupation during the Second World War and it ridiculed the occupying Germans. Raudsepp also skilfully wove messages supporting Estonian cultural identity into the play. The play was staged in the Estonia Theatre but was soon banned. Raudsepp’s second play from that period, Tagatipu Tiisenoosen (1946), earned first prize at the state comedy competition in that same year. The action in the play was set in the period of Estonian National Awakening at the end of the 19th century. It ridiculed Baltic Germans and the behaviour of parvenu Estonians. Similarly to his previous play, he demonstrated nationalist mentality in this comedy by way of nationalist songs. It is noteworthy that by the summer of 1947, Tagatipu Tiisenoosen had also reached expatriate Estonians and it was staged with an altered title as the only Stalinist- era play from Soviet Estonia in Canada (1952), Australia (1954) and Sweden (1956). The thematic precepts imposed on Estonian writers and the mechanism for ensuring that those precepts were followed became even stricter starting in 1947. Raudsepp wrote his next 7 plays on required Soviet subject matter: post-war land reform (Tillereinu peremehed [The Owners of Tillereinu], 1947), monetary reform (Noorsulane Ilmar [Ilmar the Young Farmhand], 1948), kolkhozes (Küpsuseksam [Matriculation Exam] and Lasteaed [Kindergarten], 1949, Mineviku köidikuis [In the Fetters of the Past] (1950) and his so-called Viimane näidend [Last Play], 1950 or 1951), and the beginning of the Soviet regime in Estonia in 1940 (Pööripäevad Kikerpillis [Solstices in Kikerpill], 1949). Hugo Raudsepp skilfully wove words of wisdom for Estonians on surviving under foreign rule through the mouths of his characters, or discreetly laughed about Soviet reality in a way that the censors did not grasp. Post-war cultural policy culminated with the 8th Plenum of the Estonian Communist (Bolshevist) Party (EC(B)P) Central Committee on 21–26 March 1950, where among other things, the EC(B)P Central Committee Bureau was accused of allowing the exaltation of the superiority of Western European science and culture. Cultural figures were branded bourgeois nationalists and they faced serious ordeals. The fate of the great figure of Estonian dramatic literature was very harsh. Hugo Raudsepp was depicted as a ‘fascist henchman’ in 1950. He was expelled from the Estonian Writers’ Union and was deprived of his personal pension. He was arrested on 11 May 1951. Opposition to the Soviet regime was stressed in the charges presented to him. His play Vaheliku vapustused, which the German occupying regime had banned, and his only play that was allowed at that time, Lipud tormis [Flags in the Storm], were named as the primary evidence supporting the charges. Hugo Raudsepp was sentenced to 10 years imprisonment in the autumn of 1951. He hoped to the last possible moment that he would be allowed to serve his sentence in Estonia. Unfortunately, on 18 February 1952 he was sent by train from Tallinn to Narva and on 19 February on to Leningrad. From there his journey took him to Vjatka, Kirov and finally Irkutsk oblast. This great man’s health was poor, and he soon died on 15 September 1952. Very few new literary works appeared in the 1940s. The historical nadir is altogether seen in post-war book production in the era of Stalinism. Estonian theatre was similarly in a most difficult situation due to censorship, shortage of repertoire, scarcity of funding, and layoffs and sackings of theatre personnel. Nowadays the survival of theatre at the time, regardless of difficult times, is appreciated, and actors are recognised for preserving Estonian identity and uniting the people. Hugo Raudsepp’s role as a playwright in supporting intellectual and spiritual resistance to foreign authorities has to be recognised on the basis of his occupation-era comedies. Hugo Raudsepp was one of the most productive authors of his day, writing a total of 11 plays in 1943–51. According to the assessment of scholars of literature, he never once rose with these works to the leading-edge level of his previous works. It was impossible to create masterpieces that would become classics in that time of strict ideological precepts and the monitoring of their observance. Taking into consideration the extremely restricted creative conditions, his works were still masterpieces of their time. As Hugo Raudsepp’s oeuvre demonstrates, spirit still managed to cleverly trump power regardless of censorship and official precepts. The denunciation of Stalin’s personality cult in 1956 once again opened the door to the theatre for Hugo Raudsepp’s best comedies from Estonia’s era of independent statehood. The witticism and laughter of Hugo Raudsepp’s comedies gave people renewed strength of soul.

A workshop on theoretical and observational studies of polar lows was held in St. Petersburg, Russia, 23–26 September 1996. An international group with scientists and students from Canada, Denmark, Germany, Norway, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States participated in the workshop. The papers presented covered the fields of climatological studies, studies using numerical models, and satellite studies for the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Two polar low cases were investigated in more detail during working groups sessions: The polar low “Le Cygne” occurring 13–16 October 1993 over the Norwegian Sea, and a Southern Hemisphere polar low occurring 30 July–1 August 1986 over the Weddell Sea. Programs related to polar low research were presented in order to coordinate the international efforts in investigating polar mesocyclones. The workshop showed the progress achieved by using 1) the synergetic combination of the satellite data presently available, and 2) mesoscale numerical models for the understanding of the development and the physical processes of polar mesocyclones.

This annotatedCoxford Lectureis the first account dedicated to tracing the part played in the 1980-82 patriation of the Canadian Constitution by the British House of Commons, particularly by its Select Committee on Foreign Affairs. This committee, for which author was the adviser, investigated the propriety of the UK Parliament’s acceding to a request for amendment of the British North America Act 1867 (as amended) if the amendment were opposed by a substantial number of Provinces and it would affect their powers. Against the firm opposition of the Canadian government (secretly being assisted by the British government), the Committee reported in January 1981 that acceding to such a request in such circumstances would be a breach of Parliament’s constitutional responsibilities. A second report, in April 1981, defended that opinion against the Canadian government’s vigorous attempt in March to refute it. The Committee’s position strongly resembles that of the “conventions” majority of the Canadian Supreme Court in September 1981. But the resemblance should not obscure a significant difference, rooted in the distinct authority of the UK Parliament during this terminal phase of the patrimony that, by Canadian decision in 1931, it had inherited: some imperial responsibilities (by then only procedural, and terminated in 1982) for the polity and people of Canada.

A statistical analysis has been made of 26 years of bathythermograph (BT) data to 1980 for the south-west Australian area bounded by 30-35�s. and 110-115�E., a region influenced by the Leeuwin Current. The data indicate that a surface mixed layer exists all year round, with average depth 55 m and standard deviation 37 m. All but 2% of BT casts show a mixed-layer depth (MLD) less than 150 m. MLD are deepest in mid-year, particularly from July to September. Sea surface temperatures (SST) are significantly related to temperature values down to 200 m depth, especially in mid-year, for both eastern and western parts of the area separated by 113�E. Correlations of MLD with SST are significant only in the western part, and then only from January to March, and April to June. Long-term horizontally averaged temperature fields are broadly related through the water column from the surface to 200 m. All results indicate that, especially in mid-year, SST fields are related to subsurface temperature fields, which may be representative of flow structure. Seasonal differences exist between the eastern and western areas, caused by the Leeuwin Current.

Abstract. Deep learning has emerged as a useful tool across geoscience disciplines; however, there remain outstanding questions regarding the suitability of unexplored model architectures and how to interpret model learning for regional-scale hydrological modelling. Here we use a convolutional long short-term memory network, a deep learning approach for learning both spatial and temporal patterns, to predict streamflow at 226 stream gauges across southwestern Canada. The model is forced by gridded climate reanalysis data and trained to predict observed daily streamflow between 1980 and 2015. To interpret the model's learning of both spatial and temporal patterns, we introduce a set of experiments with evaluation metrics to track the model's response to perturbations in the input data. The model performs well in simulating daily streamflow over the testing period, with a median Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) of 0.68 and 35 % of stations having NSE>0.8. When predicting streamflow, the model is most sensitive to perturbations in the input data prescribed near and within the basins being predicted, demonstrating that the model is automatically learning to focus on physically realistic areas. When uniformly perturbing input temperature time series to obtain relatively warmer and colder input data, the modelled indicator of freshet timing and peak flow changes in accordance with the transition timing from below- to above-freezing temperatures. We also demonstrate that modelled August streamflow in partially glacierized basins is sensitive to perturbations in August temperature, and that this sensitivity increases with glacier cover. The results demonstrate the suitability of a convolutional long short-term memory network architecture for spatiotemporal hydrological modelling, making progress towards interpretable deep learning hydrological models.

In 2015, the Liberal Party of Canada formed a majority federal government on a platform that included prioritizing Nation-to-Nation relationships with Indigenous (First Nations, Inuit, and Métis) peoples in the country and re-asserting global leadership in climate change action by moving away from fossil-fuel based extraction and toward renewable energy initiatives. It may be argued that addressing both of these issues, advancing Indigenous–Settler reconciliation, and mitigating climate change, can be done in the same space. Indeed, though Indigenous peoples in Canada and elsewhere have recently moved forward with renewable energy initiatives within their Territories, there has been very little critical analysis on just how such projects have been operationalized and whether renewable energy can or even should be considered a vehicle for reconciliation efforts. In this paper, we present a systematic review of Canadian literature (spanning from 1980 to 2017) concerning Indigenous peoples’ involvement in renewable energy to better understand the stated motivations and desires of Indigenous peoples in Canada taking leadership, partnering in, and (or) participating in the renewable energy sector. Using a series of keyword search strings across three academic databases, two theses databases, and a grey literature search, we retrieved literature (n = 980) that was subjected to four exclusionary forms and then thematically analyzed the included literature (n = 26). Our findings suggest Indigenous peoples’ experiences and motivations are varied, yet many are developing renewable energy in their Territories to: break free of colonial ties, move towards energy autonomy, establish more reliable energy systems, and reap the long-term financial benefits that clean energy can provide. Despite the apparent advantages seen throughout most of the literature reviewed here, we suggest further research in this area is necessary before this kind of positive rhetoric of renewable energy in Indigenous communities builds enough momentum that proponents become blind to possible shortcomings. We conclude with a broader discussion of the interactions between Indigenous–Settler reconciliation in the context of renewable energy projects as well as offering indicators for future research to fill current knowledge gaps.

The Calgary Health Region identified an outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection in September 2004 following a fourfold increase in laboratory reports. Clinical isolates were indistinguishable by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and the PFGE pattern was unique in North America. Most affected individuals reported beef donair consumption in 10-day food histories. We conducted a matched case-control study, inspected the implicated food premises, and conducted a traceback investigation of suspect ground beef to determine the source of the outbreak and implement prevention and control measures. A total of 43 laboratory-confirmed cases were identified, with symptom onsets between 8 September and 1 October 2004. Among 26 matched case-control pairs, consumption of beef donair from one of two locations of a local restaurant chain was the only statistically significant risk factor for infection (matched odds ratio undefined; P &lt; 0.01). No samples of the implicated ground beef were available for microbiological testing. We identified several opportunities for time-temperature abuse and other factors that may have contributed to the serving of unsafe donair meat at the implicated restaurants. This outbreak highlighted gaps in food safety policy related to beef donair and similar products in Canada. Immediately following the outbreak, the Region implemented new safe food handling requirements and a Federal/Provincial/Territorial Working Group was established to make recommendations for national food safety policies specific to these products.

Abstract Background Ulcerative Colitis (UC) and Crohn’s Disease (CD) are subtypes of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) which is a condition with an unclear etiology causing inflammation of the small and large intestine (Public Health Agency of Canada, 2021). IBD is treated by diet, medications, and/or surgeries, with the most common surgery recommended to UC patients being j-pouch surgery (Crohn’s and Colitis Canada, n.d.). J-pouch surgery is often accompanied by numerous side effects (e.g., leakage, pouchitis), but it has been shown to help manage symptoms and restore function (Crohn’s and Colitis Canada, n.d.). While noteworthy research has examined the functional and biological outcomes of j-pouch surgery (e.g., Kayal et al., 2020), far less has considered the perioperative psychosocial implications. Aims The aim of this scoping review is to assess the current literature concerning psychosocial factors related to j-pouch surgery for patients with IBD. Methods We used the PRISMA-ScR (Tricco et al., 2018) and JBI recommendations (Peters et al., 2020) as methodological guidelines for conducting this review. We conducted our search during the summer and fall of 2021 and searched the following sources: Medline, PsychInfo, CINAHL, EBM Reviews, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global, ResearchGate, Prospero, and PrePubMed. We included articles from 1980-September 13, 2021. Results Our initial search produced 718 articles. Of those that met our inclusion criteria, the majority discussed quality of life as their sole psychosocial variable. Among these studies, however, many used quality of life measures (e.g., IBDQ, SF-36) that prioritize health-related factors, with only a subset of questions directly addressing quality of life. The second most investigated psychosocial variables were those related to sexual health and functioning. When considering the levels of evidence, very few of our results were randomized control trials (RCT), while many were reviews (but not exclusively of RCT) and non-randomized controlled studies. Conclusions We have identified a substantial need for studies examining psychosocial implications of and for j-pouch surgery among patients with IBD. In our discussion, we identify common variables and outline the strongest articles in the current literature, investigate the disadvantages of currently used measures, and propose specific directions for future research. Funding Agencies None

Purple coneflowers (Echinacea purpurea) are grown in North America and Europe for their medicinal properties and as ornamental plants. In September 1997 and again in 1998, a previously undescribed disease was noticed on fully grown coneflower plants in Summerland and Oliver, British Columbia. Mycelia were observed on stems, foliage, and flowers, and distinct dark red to black, round (approximately 5 mm in diameter) lesions were observed on the flower petals. The disease appeared similar to powdery mildews that have been reported on numerous genera of the Asteraceae. Samples of the diseased tissue were examined and the salient features of the fungus on two specimens were determined: cleistothecia infrequent, subglobose or flattened on the side next to the leaf surface, 121 to 209 μm in diameter; epidermal (surface) cells 20 μm in diameter; appendages hyphoid, 5 μm in diameter, up to 200 μm long; asci, 10 to 19 in each cleistothecium, broadly ellipsoid, 47 to 85 × 28 to 37 μm with a short stalk, about 8 to 13 μm long and 8 μm in diameter; ascospores, immature, two per ascus, ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid, 17 to 25 × 11 to 13 μm, thin walled, hyaline, and smooth; conidia oblong with sides slightly convex and apices truncate, 27 to 40 × 14 to 20 μm, walls hyaline, thin, smooth. Based on the occurrence of asci that contained two ascospores and the hyphoid appendages on the cleistothecia we concluded that the fungus was Erysiphe cichoracearum DC. Damage due to this disease was minimal in 1997 and 1998 because it developed very late in the growing season and occurred sporadically within the plantings. In order to complete Koch's postulates, Echinacea purpurea plants grown in the greenhouse were inoculated with a conidial suspension (105 to 106 conidia per ml) from field-infected plants. Powdery mildew first appeared 3 months later, eventually infecting leaves and stems of 12 of 49 inoculated plants. It was distinctly white and in discrete patches on leaves, compared with coalescing dark brown areas on the stems. Microscopic examination of the conidia confirmed that they were E. cichoracearum. Although powdery mildew caused by E. cichoracearum has been widely reported on lettuce, safflower, and other cultivated and wild Compositae, we found no reference to it on Echinacea spp. in Canada (1,2), the U.S. (3), or elsewhere in the world (4). The specimens have been deposited in the National Mycological Herbarium of Canada (DAOM) with accession numbers 225933 and 225934 for Oliver and Summerland, B.C., respectively. References: (1) U. Braun. Beih. Nova Hedwigia 89:1, 1987. (2) I. L. Conners. 1967. An annotated index of plant diseases in Canada and fungi recorded on plants in Alaska, Canada, and Greenland. Canada Dept. of Agric. Pub. 1251. (3) D. F. Farr et al. 1989. Fungi on Plants and Plant Products in the United States. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. (4) J. Ginns. 1986. Compendium of plant disease and decay fungi in Canada, 1960-1980. Agriculture Canada Pub. 1813.

Survivors of adolescent and young adult (AYA) central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms are at risk for late effects (LE) - treatment-related health problems occurring more than 5 years after therapy). Since, in Canada, AYA survivors are usually followed in the community, information must be conveyed to primary care providers to guide risk-based follow-up care. Objective: To assess documentation of LE risks and screening recommendations (SR) in medical records of AYA CNS tumor survivors treated with radiation therapy. Methods: The medical records of all patients diagnosed with a CNS neoplasm (benign or malignant) at ages 15-39 years, treated between 1985 and 2010 in the province of British Columbia, surviving >5 years and discharged to the community were assessed. Documentation of LE and SR were extracted, and analyzed descriptively. Results: Among 132 survivors (52% female), treated with radiation therapy (95% partial brain, 10% craniospinal, 8% partial spine, and 4% whole brain) and chemotherapy (17%), 19% of charts included no documentation of LE risks, 26% included only non-specific documentation, and 55% had minimal documentation (1 or 2 LE). Documentation of at least one specific LE increased from 24% in 1980-1989, to 54% in 1990-1999, to 86% in 2000 – 2010. Based on treatment information, all survivors were at high-risk for LE, such as radiation induced neoplasm, meningioma and cerebrovascular events. Yet, SR were documented in only 25% of charts. Conclusions: The documentation of LE risks and screening recommendations has been limited, highlighting the need to improve written communication with primary care providers.