Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Canada – Émigration et immigration – Aspect économique'
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Knight, Sheilagh. "L'immigration latino-américaine au Québec, 1973-1986 : éléments politiques et économiques." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29317.
Full textBlais, Pierre. "Technologies de contrôle et construction de la catégorie «immigrant indépendant» dans les politiques publiques du Canada et du Québec de 1967 à 2010." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26650/26650.pdf.
Full textCandiz, Guillermo Osval. "Migration masculine saisonnière et changements socioéconomiques : le cas de travailleurs agricoles de la région de Valladolid, Yucatan, Mexique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30430/30430.pdf.
Full textCarpin, Gervais. "Le réseau du Canada : étude du mode migratoire de la France vers la Nouvelle-France, (1628-1662)." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0020/NQ47560.pdf.
Full textIvlevs, Artjoms. "Economic and political economy aspects of migration." Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX24009.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to contribute to a better understanding of migration-related economic issues in the world today. We concentrate both on immigration and emigration and at various stages of our work address all three parties involved in migration process : people hosting immigrants, people left behind and the migrants themselves. We account for several important features of today’s rapidly globalising life : the importance of the non-traded sector, asymmetry between capital and labour flows, and persisting problems between ethnic communities. The first chapter in an overview of the political economy of immigration literature and addresses the multiple ways in which immigrants may affect natives’ welfare. In particular, we discuss the role of economic and non-economic arguments in shaping immigration attitudes and summarise main labour market and welfare-state effects of immigration. Chapter two develops open economy with a non-traded sector. Our finding provide additional understanding of why native population is generally opposed to low-skilled immigrants and favouring high-skilled foreign workers. The third chapter extends the model developed in chapter two to accommodate internationally mobile capital. First, we investigate whether immigration of high-skilled and low-skilled labour leads to positive or negative FDI. Then, we find out how would immigration attitudes change if a country allows international capital movements. Chapter four investigates how ethnic diversity at home may influence emigration intentions of an individual. We explore the case of Latvia where ethnic minorities constitute 40% of the population. We find that ethnic minorities are more likely to emigrate and are positively self-selected on the basis of income, while the opposite is true for ethnic majority population
Begum, Suraya. "Les immigrés : acteurs et enjeux de la vie politique, économique et sociale française de 1974 à 1992." Paris 8, 1995. http://www.bibliotheque-numerique-paris8.fr/fre/ref/167970/180287486/.
Full textThe migratory phenomenon has shown many aspects in france in nineteen and twentieth century. Several politics have been applied to and put in place to remedy to this situation bydifferent governments supported by their administrative staff of their political parties, but unfornunately no fair and satisfying solution has been made to fight againt the rising of immigration and put an end to this massive coming of strangers in france. The immigrants became the targets of the racist, xenophobic and violent actions. They dosn't understand what it's happening. France has the obligation to protect these populations against violence because they have sacrified all their life in order that france finds again its rank of great power. As for europe and member countries of schengen agreements, they have the heavy burden to put in place a real immigration politic in order that they don't make again the same mistakes which have been made during the past years
Guengant, Jean-Pierre. "Evolutions démographiques et politiques de population dans la Caraïbe." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985CLF1D039.
Full textTalha, Larbi. "Surpopulation, réserve de travail et migrations internationales de main d'oeuvre : contribution à une critique des approches économiques." Aix-Marseille 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX24008.
Full textSadqi, Mohamed. "Émigration temporaire et développement économique dans le pays d'origine." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27884.
Full textAudebert, Cédric. "Les haï͏̈tiens à Miami : l'insertion socio-spatiale d'une population antillaise dans la ville étatsunienne [sic]." Antilles-Guyane, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AGUY0099.
Full textKamel, Nicole. "Instruments démographiques et flux migratoires au Liban : critique et étude de cas : Maifadoun (Sud-Liban)." Paris 4, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA040021.
Full textVerquin, Béatrice. "Du "Modèle migratoire colonial" à la circulation mondiale des élites professionnelles : le cas des Français à l'étranger." Poitiers, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000POIT5015.
Full textMurard, Elie. "Three Essays on the Economies of International Migration." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0190.
Full textThis PhD dissertation presents three empirical studies on the economics of international migration. Chapter 1 examines how the migration of a household member to the United States affects the welfare of the other members left behind in rural areas of Mexico. Using a panel household survey, I show that non-migrants are better-off in terms of consumption and leisure time because (i) remittances sent by migrant exceed his/her initial contribution to the househok income and because (ii) the out- migration of a farmer raises the productivity of agricultural labor for those staying behind in the farm. Chapter 2 addresses the methodological issues empirical economists confront when they seek to identify the causal impact of migration on members left behind at origin. I propose a new method that takes into account the intra- household selection of migrants, i. E. The decision of which family members migrate and which stay behind, a problem that has remained largely ignored in the literature. Chapter 3 examines the effect of immigrant inflows in Europe on the evolution of natives' attitudes towards redistribution and immigration policy over the last decade. I find that attitudes are not only shaped by non-economic preferences, e. G. Racial prejudice or differential altruism, but that they are also importantly determined by concerns on how immigration may affect the labor market, i. E. Wages, and the Welfare State's finances, i. E. Net social benefits
Lafargue, Isabelle. "Itinéraires et stratégies migratoires des Egyptiens vers la France : vers une nouvelle définition du modèle d'émigration en Egypte." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002IEPP0014.
Full textLi, Zhipeng. "La diaspora Wenzhou en France et ses relations avec la Chine." Thesis, Poitiers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017POIT5009/document.
Full textThe Chinese diaspora has been growing since the second half of the nineteenth century. In France, the Chinese immigration from the region of the Wenzhou has intensified since the 1980s. This sub-group of the Chinese diaspora has since rapidly expanded its economic activities. The objective of this thesis is to study the economic, social and spatial organization of Wenzhou migrants in France, manly in the Paris region, and to analyze the economic and social relations that they maintain with China in general and with their region of origin in particular. The central hypothesis of the thesis is that the economic “model of Wenzhou” area, as identified and analyzed by the Chinese scholars, and the development of Chinese entrepreneurship in France are closely linked in particular through "Import"of this model in France. The results of our thesis reveal the existence of an original transnational economy connecting France and China, that was supported by the Wenzhou diaspora and that produced a form of "migratory transfer" in each of the two countries. More broadly, the thesis helps to show how the Chinese diaspora in France contributed to the economic development of China, but also how it benefitted from measures included in China's new policy initiated in the early 2000s to consolidate itself
Stichnoth, Holger. "Essais sur l'immigration, le revenu relatif et la redistribution." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0143.
Full textThis thesis contains six essays on immigration, relative income, and redistribution. Chapters 2, 3, and 4 to coherent whole; ail three deal with the question of whether immigration and ethnic diversity weaken native support for redistribution and for the welfare state in general. Chapters 5, 6, and 7 each stand on their own. In chapter 5 I use information on immigrants' return visits to their countries of origin to test a model by Falk a Knell (2004) about the link between ability and one's reference income. In chapter 6, I use the collective mode of household labour supply to study whether there are differences in bargaining power between East and West German women. Finally, in chapter 7 my coauthors and I study whether not only the level of happiness, but also the difference in happiness between spouses is associated with the probability that a couple will separate
Guerassimoff-Pina, Carine. "L'Etat chinois et les communautés chinoises d'outre-mer." Nice, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NICE0011.
Full textMassot, Sophie. "Enjeux politiques et identitaires de la migration internationale des Ouzbeks vers trois pôles urbains (Moscou, Séoul, New York)." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009IEPP0008.
Full textAt present, many Uzbeks leave Uzbekistan temporarily and go abroad to work there and, so they hope, take advantage of salaries more attractive than those in their country of origin. Since 1991, as regards this massive population movement, three destinations have been concerned : Moscow (Russia), Seoul (South Korea), and New York (United States). An economical migration for improved living standards is at stake, rather than a migration for survival. These departures involve the families, both financially and socially through their connections. Strategies to by-pass the migration policies are worked out to leave uzbekistan. Many migrants take up illegal residence in the host countries. That migratory period is regarded as a necessary interlude to grow richer before coming back home. In the three host towns, the migrants are brought to wonder about their own identity, their “uzbekity”. From a theoretical point of view, this migration arises as a rite of transition individually contemplated as a passage towards a new status, the one of “new uzbek”. From a state point of view, that emigration means a demographic haemorrhage hard to control, but at the same time is an important financial godsend. The four involved states are trying to control that flow through migratory policies and their implementations. Cultural, social, economical and political effects are in close correlation with the appearance of these “new Uzbeks” who grew richer abroad, and that makes it possible to redefine the issues of identity and power in the post-soviet Uzbekistan.
Forster, Merna. "Through the eyes of immigrants : an analysis of diaries and letters of immigrants arriving at Grosse-Île and the port of Quebec, 1832-42." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28564.
Full textMoulier, Boutang Yann. "Le salariat bridé, origines des politiques migratoires, constitution du salariat et contrôle de la mobilité du travail." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997IEPP0001.
Full textTatouzov, Viktor. "L'émigration de la Russie dans le contexte de l'ouverture économique pendant la transition." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010060.
Full textThe first part is about soviet theories of closed economy and emigration. A closed economy wasn't an optimal idea thus 1990's soviet economic policy was radically changed. The main western theories of labour migration are analysed in second part. Theses theories are compared with russia's experience during the transition to a market economy. An open economy in Russia has not lead to an improvement in leaving standards : many push ; factors of emigration continue to act. In the third part the russian experience of emigration is compared to others experiences ( Italy and Republic of Korea ). Some former russian theories of colonisation are analysed and some alternatives to current migration policy are proposed
Russo, Giuseppe. "Essais sur les causes et conséquences des politiques migratoires." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0097.
Full textAt first, the thesis analyzes the effect of migratory flows from poor to rich countries. Whereas the recent literature established that a brain drain could lead to a brain gain, this result is easily reversed. Then, the difference between temporary and permanent migration is studied from the point of view of the effects on the social and cultural assimilation of the immigrants. With a linear two-period model, one shows that, since immigrants convey their cultural values to their sons, the restrictive policies incentivate the creation of ethnic enclaves, and delay the assimilation. Secondly, the vote on immigration is studied. The majority of the results shows a polarization of the voters between free immigration and no immigration. The thesis shows why the vote leads to interior results. The development of the selective policies is interpreted like an entry barrier aiming at defending a qualified median voter
Fornairon, José Dominique. "Mobilité des hommes et des activités : une société en marche : le cas du Languedoc-Roussillon : thèse sur travaux." Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON10051.
Full textThis thesis, in two volumes, is built up by a synthesis of studies achieved since 1970 by the author concerning migrations and mobility in languedoc-roussillon (volume 1) and a selection of publications (volume 2). Firstly, the author tries to characterize the scope of analysis of migrations: their field, their form and the ways used to observe and to measure them. A second part brings on the fore-varied approaches used to analyze shifts in population. If the direction of march has been firstly macroeconomic and has favored economic reasons, stressing on income and employment, theory progressively turned to a microeconomic vision. Then research focused on a refinement of determinants of migration, putting forward noneconomic factors, for example, amenities. However, theoreticians are less interested in consequences of migrations. Last part of first volume brings about a rereading of author's papers to prove their coherence 25 years devoted to observe migrations in languedoc-roussillon show, trough his works, shortly abstracted, that this region is a space favorable to migration and exchanges. Migrations have consequences concerning demography and economy of this region. This synthesis ends with a thesis: languedoc-roussillon, in its economic organization boosted by migratory movements, is to be considered like a model for others french regions. Second volume groups together a choosing of publications used or recalled in this synthetic work.
Chort, Isabelle. "Trois essais sur les migrations." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0053.
Full textThis dissertation presents three studies on migration. Chapter 2 examines the impact of migrant networks on the decision to migrate of Senegalese. Both family and community networks seem to positively affect migration, but the former appear to be destination-specific while the latter are not. Networks are also found more useful to women, and those households that are most deprived of socio-economic capital. In chapter 3, I study the influence of migrant networks in destination countries (France and Italy) on remittances behavior of Senegalese migrants. An illustrative model emphasizes the double nature of the network (supplier of services to the migrant, means of communitation), that seems to be exploited by the origin household to control part of migrants' remittances. Ln chapter 4, I use Mexican panel data to compare individuals' intentions to migrate to the materialization of their plans, in order to shed a new Iight on the two-stage selection process of Mexican migrants. The classical Roy model of self selection is here adapted to intentions to migrate. Under the assumption that intentions are rational, different motives for the non-materialization of migration plans are empirically explored: exogenous shocks or omitted constraints. Estimation results show that climatic shocks (rainfall, hurricanes) affect the probability to migrate. However, some constraints, in particular due to gender, seem to predominate: women are found to migrate less, conditional on their initial intentions
Martins, Alcidio. "Le mouvement migratoire des "Russophones" en Israël depuis l'implosion soviétique : un enjeu diplomatique, un nouvel acteur politique, socio-économique et culturel ?" Paris, INALCO, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012INAL0025.
Full textOne of the major consequences of the collapse of the communist bloc is the emigration of several million people from the former Soviet Union. Israel, with a favourable migration policy for Jewish descendants and their families, welcomes nearly one million of them. Fleeing economic stagnation, ethnic conflicts and anti-Semitism, these immigrants arrive in Israel en masse in a relatively short period of time provoking a "demographic shock". More than twenty years after the beginning of the arrival of these immigrants, this thesis provides an analysis of their integration and a critical study of the choices made by the Israeli leadership that reflect the political, economic and socio-cultural upheavals. Whether at the national or international level, the effects of such a migratory wave continues to be felt fundamentally changing the country and its relationship with other nations and its role in world politics
Nantchouang, Robert. "Analyse macro-economique de l'evolution de l'emploi, basee sur les comportements micro-economiques : le cas du cameroun." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010057.
Full textThe purpose of this research is to find out suitable conditions for migration in ldcs to be a success. It is argued that the stark's theory on migration does not go deeper into the question. If only the family (excluding the migrant) was placed at the center of the decision of migration, then the condition of success of migration would be that the urban income be greater than the cost of migration. Such an inequality could hold even if the difference between urban and rural income was negative. This could happen in the case the contribution of the migrant to the rural output was insignificant. The migration could therefore be an involuntary one, and the migrant might not remit. In another hand, if the decision of migration was an individual rational choice of the migrant, that does not take into account the interest of the rural family, the later could not give financial support to the former during the urban period of unemployment. For migration to be a success, that is the migrant agrees to migrate, and to remit once he has found an urban job, and his family engages to give him financial support, both the migrant and his rural family may cooperate. Such a cooperation will lead to a success if the cost of migration (c) is less than a threshold (c*), or the part of the cost supported by the migrant (a) is less than a threshold (a*). C* and a* depend on many variables, among which the rural and urban incomes, the rural family size, the part of the cost supported by the migrant in the first case, or the total cost of migration in the second case. The theory does not say which of the conditions (c
Reklaoui, Asmaa. "Diaspora, migration de retour et accumulation du capital humain : quelques enseignements à partir de l'expérience marocaine." Pau, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PAUU2005.
Full textIn this doctoral research, we have explored certain positive aspects related to the "Brain Drain". Further, this thesis allows us to show that a gain to the emigration and a "Brain Drain" is possible in the home country. Through an empirical analysis, we have demonstrated that the migration of qualified and skilled workers of a country can potentially play a role in the development and growth of that country and can be a source of no negligible and positive externalities through two ways: The first one is linked to the acquisition of further and extra qualifications and to the raise of the education ex ante the emigration. The second is more related to the gain of “Brains” due to the compensation in terms of the return of the migrant and the transfer of technology that they cause. This thesis has as a purpose to address three paramount questions: In Morocco, what are the reasons for qualified manpower leaving the country? Is there a connection between the emigration to a more developed and advanced industrial countries and the human capital accumulation in Morocco? What causes the return of these qualified migrants and which role they play in the development of the home country ? The thesis presents the causes of the exodus and the reasons of the return of qualified migration to Morocco, analyzes the issues caused by this migration and defines the channels that allow dwindling the negative consequences
Slimani, Mohamed. "La fuite des cerveaux peut-elle être bénéfique?" Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX24031.
Full textSaidane, Abderrahim. "Impact des transferts de fonds des migrants sur la croissance économique et la réduction de la pauvreté dans les pays d'origine." Thesis, Perpignan, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021PERP0001.
Full textThis research work contributes to understand the migration phenomenon and the remittances of the migrants, of their impact on the countries of origin in terms of economic growth and poverty decrease. First at all, this thesis shows a literature review about remittances, their importance, their use, and their repercussion on the growth of the economics of origin. Then, it shows the migration, the different methods of remittances and their costs, but also the impact of these remittances on poverty and inequality of the incomes within the households. Analysing this question, in the second place, this thesis shows the results of memorable works, and then, it shows an empirical study that examines the remittances of the Burkinabian migrants, their use, and their impact on the consumption of the households who stand to benefit, on poverty and on inequality of incomes
Kamavuako-Diwavova, Justin. "Problématique de l'entrepreneuriat immigré en République Démocratique du Congo : essai de validation d'un modèle." Reims, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REIME005.
Full textThe objective of this research is to identify and compare the factors that underlie the business success of ethnic minorities in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The research uses a mixed methodology: quantitative, qualitative and comparative, based on the model of strategic entrepreneurship (Emile-Michel Hernandez, 1999) and model of the entrepreneurial event (Shapero Albert, 1975) enriched by the analysis of theories network (Granovetter, 1973, Coleman 1988, Burt, 1992). By analyzing the main immigrant groups most representative of the Congolese immigration since the 2000s (West African, Chinese, Lebanese and Indians), we showed that the Congolese context (South-South migration) differs from other contexts of study (South-North migrations) on the factors explaining the business success of immigrants. We theorized an entrepreneur who starts a company, not to escape discrimination in the labor market, but to exploit the opportunities identified in the environment. Although the ethnic network (strong ties) is used as a source of information (business opportunities), a framework for learning the business, as a source of supply, the study reveals that the generic network (weak ties) remains the source of labor, the means of protection for businesses and the main market for immigrants in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Khoudour-Castéras, David. "Migrations internationales, régimes de change et politiques sociales : un nouveau trilemme de politique économique ?" Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2005. http://spire.sciences-po.fr/hdl:/2441/f4rshpf3v1umfa09lat1n0o44.
Full textThe thesis is based on two main ideas : first, labor mobility constitutes a central adjutment mechanism in exchange rate regimes ; second the development of social policies contributes to slowing down the emigration process. The argument rests at the same time on a theoretical reflection, based in particular on the optimum currency area theory, and on historical analysis, focused on two periods of contemporary history : the gold standard period and the interwar period. Thus, Chapter 1 aims at showing the key role of international migration in the adjustement process of the gold standard. Then, Chapter 2 analyses the impact of Bismarck's social legislation on German emigration. Finally, Chapter 3 provides an alternative explanation to the fall of the gold exchange standard. In total, the purpose of the thesis is to show the existence of an economic policy trilemma between international migration, exchange rate regimes and social policies
Duval, Laetitia. "Déterminants et implications des transferts migratoires à destination des pays en développement." Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NANT4011.
Full textThis thesis proposes four original empirical contributions on the determinants and effects of remittances to developing countries. Using bilateral remittance data from National Bank of Romania, we show that remittances are considered as implicit loan repayments. We find that education and geographic distance positively influence remittances over the period 2005-2007. Using the LSMS panel data collected by the World Bank in Albania from 2002 to 2004, we find that a mix of altruism and exchange may explain the pattern of remittances. We also find that remittances have a positive impact on financial satisfaction of the recipients. This result is robust to the correction of selection either on observables or unobservables. Using the same dataset, we find that Albanian households are more optimistic about the future when they have experienced an improvement of their financial situation in the part and when they have received remittances from foreign countries. Nevertheless, when comparing realized changes and financial expectations, they tend to significantly overestimate their future financial situation over the period 2002-2004. Using a sample of 122 developing countries, we analyze the effect of remittances on environment, with a focus of deforestation in developing countries. We find that the share of remittances in GDP reduces the rate of deforestation over the period 1990-2005
Tabet, Cynthia. "Flux migratoires, mobilité de travail et transferts de fonds : le cas du Liban." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAE004.
Full textThe impact of remittances on the economies of developing countries is often at the center of discussions. At a macroeconomic level, the relationship between transfers and economic growth has been much debated and has generated several empirical studies classified under three main categories: develop mentalist thesis, deteriorates thesis and neutrality thesis. In this field, this thesis focuses on the current consequences of migration flows on the Lebanese economy, by the impact of the transfer flows that migrants make each year in various forms and for various reasons. Several objectives are realized in this thesis. First, we discussed the factual and theoretical aspects related to the characteristics of Lebanese migration and remittances of emigrant. We have been able to find that Lebanon exports its skilled and imports their remittances. Then, we focused on the debate among researchers about the impact of remittances on the Lebanese economy. We have also identified through an economic analysis the symptoms of Dutch Disease in Lebanon. In a first chapter, and in order to establish our study, we establish a second chapter that allowed us to master the issue of remittances (micro / macro determinants, transmission channels of remittances on growth, boomerang effect and Dutch disease). This chapter allowed us to proceed to the empirical evaluation of this literature review in the Lebanese case. The third chapter shows the place occupied by transfers in the balance of payments in Lebanon. It focuses on the development of an external equilibrium model. The tools of macro-econometric modeling have highlighted two main results. The first has shown that transfers generate a leaked effect to foreign products affirming the boomerang effect in the Lebanese case. The second result affirmed the altruistic nature of the emigrants towards their families. Finally, the fourth chapter examines the impact of remittances on the competitiveness of the Lebanese economy. We first introduced a theoretical model based on the fundamentals of the real exchange rate. Then we conducted an econometric analysis through the OLS and the GMM. The results showed that these flows generate the spending effect and resource movement effect toward nontrade sector. These effects suggest competition for the commercial sector and thus increasingly block economic growth. Thus, identifying and illustrating the many complexities and negative effects of remittances should encourage public authorities to take initiatives and to put in place sound productive policies.Key words: Remittances, migration flows, Lebanon, boomerang effect, Dutch disease, macro-econometric tools
Maitilasso, Annalisa. "« Prêts à partir ». Histoires de mobilité transnationale en temps de crise : le cas malien." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0015/document.
Full textBased on a multi-sited ethnography, this thesis studies the movements of Malian migrants that arrived to Spain since 1990. The people, their strategies, the locations, and the material and symbolic conditions of their complex movements make also part of this research. Looking into the broad space of circulation, from Mali and their neighboring countries, to the European countries, I have identified a terrain for observing the mobility of migrants inside their social context. Spain, during the economic crisis, with the unemployment and social precariousness is the key point, in space and time, of my study.In this context of rapid evolution, we observe today a new cycle of national and transnational mobility. Facing the reduction of the economic sectors that used to provide work in the past, a growing number of Malian migrants make circulation and mobility their key resource, allowing them to engage in business deals and trade in a larger geographical area. The suburban trips looking for short term jobs, the trips to different countries to sell second hand products, or the seasonal trips for working in agriculture, are just few examples of an economy of the mobility, that blurs the limits between migration and international commerce. I made specific attention to the way the migrants understand their circulation practices, and to the evolution of the imaginary of mobility.From the migrant standpoint, mobility seems to make part of a strategy of reconstruction of emigrational paths exposed to precariousness; in some cases, it becomes a way to gradually face the return to their home countries avoiding the pitfalls of a long term stay there. Following these itineraries and gathering their histories we discover the variety and the thrill, but also the fragility of the different social, familiar and economic balances built on mobility. These balances take us to the urgency of reformulating the relationship with the spaces and the societies created around new and unusual situations and in constant evolution
Martinez, Zavala Tatiana. "Essays on Mexican Migration to the US." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2150/document.
Full textChapter 1Local Development and the Decision to Migrate : Evidence from Mexican Migration to the USMexican migration to the United States is one of the largest migration phenomena and subject to a wide range of studies having reached more than 11 million of Mexican immigrants in the US, which accounts for nearly a tenth of Mexico’s population and a third of all US foreign-born population. Despite having been widely studied, this paper contributes the scarce literature of the supply-side perspective. The paper is comprised by a simple game theoretic model which aims at illustrating the relationship between development outcomes and the decision to migrate and hence to motivate and provide a framework for the empiricalanalysis. Furthermore, the model incorporates a factor that has been recently shown to play a part on the migration decision : organized crime. Recent kidnapping of migrants suggest a new risk affecting trajectories, while a more violent environment may contribute to push migrants away from their homes. We test the model’s findings empirically using household survey data and propose different effects for legal and illegal migrants, as defined by the type of documents used to enter the US. The results from the illegal migrant subsample are in line with our theoretical framework and support the importance of local development variables as a determinant of migration.Chapter 2Foreign Aid, Illegal Migration and Organized CrimeThrough this chapter, the link between foreign aid, illegal migration and development is studied in a game-theoretic framework. We model a sequential game of a foreign government that decides its border control and foreign aid policies, which are known to source country government deciding on the level of investment in domestic development. In this particular framework, aid is used to fight crime organizations in the source country, as it represents a negative externality for the donor. Potential migrants then make their migration decisions after observing both government’s expenditure decisions, which have an impact on the probability of success. The model suggests migration flows are reduced by development expenditure and that the existence of organized crime, reduces the optimal level of aid allocated as crime works as an additional tool for reducing illegal migration. The model isthen tested empirically through a simultaneous equation model using cross-country data on migrant sending countries to eveloped donor countries. Most model predictions are supported by our empirical specification, suggesting indeed a reduction in aid allocation when migration and crime are high.Chapter 3The fall of mobility when moving : A study of social mobility of Mexican migrants to the US This chapter aims to study the impact of parental migration on their children. In concrete, we intend to infer the causal impact of US migration on the intergenerational transmission of education in Mexico. Social mobility and migration had only been analyzed comparingimmigrants and natives in the destination country. Thus, targeting the migrant population from the source-country perspective, our paper contributes the literature with a unique study of the effects of migration on the educational mobility of the left behinds. Using household survey data, we look at the educational attainment of individuals in Mexico and compare it to that of their parents and according to the parents migration status during their childhood. We exploit historical data to solve for the endogeneity of the decision to migrate through an instrumental variables approach, which allows us to draw causal inference of our results. Our results show that, although attractive on the short-term through the alleviation of current poverty, migration may be detrimental to the equality of opportunities on the long-run
Balloud, Simon. "Les hommes d'Eglise français dans la migration vers le Canada, 1842-1914." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LAROF002.
Full textThroughout the nineteenth century and early twentieth century, Catholic community members of Roman Catholic religious orders left France to join Canada. They crossed the Atlantic Ocean to follow the call of missionary appeal, to pursue an ecclesiastical and professional career, or to save a religious vocation threatened by the anticlerical policy of the French government. This particular phenomenon, neglected in religious and migration history, fueled a transatlantic missionary migration system since the beginning of the nineteenth century. At the crossroads of several historiographical fields, this thesis addresses the study of this peculiar migratory movement, both at the collective and individual level, in order to understand the place occupied by Canada in the migratory path of French clerics between 1842 and 1914
Kassem, Mohamed. "La deuxième guerre du Golfe et la destruction de l'Irak : conséquences socio-économiques : 1990-2004." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0040.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to analyze the second Gulf war and the destruction of Iraq between 1990 and 2004. In order to highlight our analysis the treatment bears first of all on the economic development of Iraq and the weakening of its economic growth between the two Gulf wars viz the Iraq-Iran war and the war of the coalition against Iraq force it to disengage from the Kuwait Emirate. A second goal of this work is to study the consequences of the destruction of Iraq by a detailed analysis of the sectors of economic, pollitical and social activities profoundly shaken in the quasi-totality of country's infrastructure as well as the negative fallouts of the war and the embargo on the Arab countries; and also without neglecting the war's impact on human and environmental levels and that of international financial and monetary immigration. An overall conclusion proposes a synthesis of our analyses. The documentary annexes consist in revealing the different positions of the States of Arab and Islamic countries, of regional organizations, of the Great Powers as well as the European institutions and non-government organizations. A bibliography relative to the questions raised figures at the end of this work
Calinon, Anne-Sophie. "Facteurs linguistiques et sociolinguistiques de l'intégration en milieu multilingue : le cas des immigrants à Montréal." Thèse, Besançon, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9122.
Full textCette recherche a pour but de définir et de décrire les facteurs linguistiques et sociolinguistiques de l’intégration des immigrants dans le contexte multilingue qu’est Montréal. Elle se fonde sur un corpus d’entretiens effectués avec des immigrants, suivant les cours de francisation gouvernementaux. Notre travail repose principalement sur la notion – à la fois politique et sociolinguistique – d’intégration linguistique. Nous étudions les politiques de gestion de l’immigration et de la pluralité linguistique qui influencent l’intégration des immigrants dans une société d’installation culturellement diversifiée et francophone. Notre démarche est à la fois macrosociolinguistique et microsociolinguistique, aussi bien dans la problématique que dans la méthodologie appliquée. Nous cherchons à apprécier l’impact des mesures de politique linguistique sur la préservation du français au Québec en nous intéressant aux perceptions des immigrants concernant les fonctions sociales des langues à Montréal. La francisation étant présentée comme la mesure politique la plus significative, nous nous intéressons au contenu des cours, sur le plan linguistique et culturel. Nous déterminons le niveau de compétence que les immigrants-apprenants atteignent à la fin de leur formation à l’aide d’une grille originale d’observables énonciatifs, structurels et normatifs. Après avoir évalué le degré d’autonomie linguistique des sujets, nous décrivons leur mobilité sociale en étudiant la fréquence et le type d’interactions dans lesquelles les immigrants ont l’occasion d’utiliser les différentes langues de leur répertoire langagier, en vue de déterminer leur intégration sociale. A partir de ces données, nous mettons en évidence l’influence du degré de maîtrise linguistique sur le sentiment d’intégration. Les résultats montrent que le français jouit d’une vitalité linguistique importante. De par ses fonctions véhiculaires et sociales, le français est généralement la langue de communication première dans toutes les sphères de la vie sociale à Montréal. De ce fait, la capacité de communiquer, grâce à l’appropriation de la variété standard du français, est un facteur linguistique de l’intégration. Or, à la fin de la formation en français, les immigrants ont des compétences linguistiques et sociolinguistiques qui leur permettent seulement une mobilité linguistique et sociale limitées. Ce facteur linguistique doit être obligatoirement accompagné d’autres éléments intégrateurs qui constituent les étapes suivantes du processus d’intégration.
Linguistic and Sociolinguistic Factors of Integration within a Multilingual Context : the case of immigrants in Montreal The purpose of this study is to define and describe the linguistic and sociolinguistic factors of integration of immigrants within the multilingual context of Montreal. Based on a corpus of interviews (discussions, conversations) with immigrants enrolled in government-sponsored French language training programs, our work focuses mainly on linguistic integration, understood here as both a political and sociolinguistic notion. We examine the policies of immigration management and linguistic plurality which influence the assimilation of immigrants into a francophone and culturally diversified society. Our approach to the research subject and the methodology applied to it is both macro-sociolinguistic and micro-sociolinguistic. We attempt to determine the impact of linguistic policy measures on preserving the use of the French language. To do this, we study how immigrants perceive the social functions of languages in Montreal. Since francization is presented as the most significant political measure, we analyze training course content, on a cultural and linguistic level. In order to determine the level of skill obtained by the immigrants at the end of their training program, we use an original scale measuring observable cognitive, structural and normative items. After assessing immigrants’ degree of linguistic autonomy, we describe their social mobility to see how well they are actually assimilated into the francophone living environment. We analyze the type and frequency of the interactions in which immigrant are called upon to use the different languages making up their language repertoires. This data allows us to show how immigrants’ command of the French language affects their feeling with regard to social integration. Our results demonstrate that the linguistic vitality of the french-speaking community in Montreal is increasing. Indeed, French is the primary language of communication in all aspects of social life. The ability to communicate easily in standard French is, therefore, a linguistic factor contributing to successful social and cultural integration. However, at the completion of their French language training program, immigrants’ linguistic and sociolinguistic skills allow them only limited linguistic and social mobility. This linguistic facet of cultural integration must necessarily be accompanied by other means to facilitate and consolidate the process of integration.
Haddad, Afef. "Migrations internationales et libre-échange : caractéristiques particulières de l'émigration des compétences et importance de l'effort technologique." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010025.
Full textThis thesis is a contribution to the analysis of the relationship between international migration and international trade paying attention to the special characteristics of the brainy migrants. The integration of the human capital externalities and social capital permitted to have considerable results in relation to international trade theory. Although international migration is often considered as a substitute for international trade in goods so that trade liberalization can be a solution for migration problems, in many important cases such as cross country differences in technology, migration costs and adjustment costs, it can be a complement for international flows of commodities. The aim of this thesis is to replace the theory of international migration among the recent developments of international trade by focusing on the special determinants of brain drain. The empirical analysis is focused on a survey of brainy migrants and foreign students in france
Suelves, Ezquerro Lorena, and Ezquerro Lorena Suelves. "Le parrainage : des effets sur la vie des femmes immigrantes de la Ville de Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25091.
Full textLa présente recherche est née de la volonté de comprendre si les lois sur l’immigration par le parrainage affectent ou non les relations entre les hommes et les femmes qui choisissent d’immigrer au Canada par cette filière. À première vue cette loi, qui facilite le regroupement familial pour des résidents permanents ou des citoyens, pourrait paraître positive, pour les femmes notamment. Les récits des dix femmes qui ont participé à ma recherche montrent qu’au contraire, la situation est extrêmement complexe et mène parfois à des formes variées de violence, en même temps qu’elle contribue à créer des relations asymétriques et des inégalités au sein des couples. Les entrevues semi-dirigées auprès de ces immigrantes parrainées habitant la Ville de Québec montrent clairement que ce processus d’immigration a ses particularités et que les effets sur leur vie ne sont pas que positifs.
This research stemmed from the will to understand whether sponsorship immigration laws had an impact on relationships between men and women who chose to immigrate through this channel. At first glance, this law facilitating family reunification for permanent residents or citizens can seem positive, especially for women. The accounts of the ten women who took part in my research demonstrate that on the contrary, the situation is extremely complex and sometimes leads to diverse forms of violence. It also contributes to the creation of asymmetric relationships and inequalities among couples. The semi-directed interviews conducted with sponsored immigrant women living in Québec City clearly show that this immigration procedure has its own particularities, and that its effects on the subjects’ lives are not just positive.
This research stemmed from the will to understand whether sponsorship immigration laws had an impact on relationships between men and women who chose to immigrate through this channel. At first glance, this law facilitating family reunification for permanent residents or citizens can seem positive, especially for women. The accounts of the ten women who took part in my research demonstrate that on the contrary, the situation is extremely complex and sometimes leads to diverse forms of violence. It also contributes to the creation of asymmetric relationships and inequalities among couples. The semi-directed interviews conducted with sponsored immigrant women living in Québec City clearly show that this immigration procedure has its own particularities, and that its effects on the subjects’ lives are not just positive.
Rajaoson, Julien. "La présence économique chinoise et le processus de démocratisation en Afrique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAH015.
Full textThe "Chinese presence" in Africa has become an inescapable demographic reality, it has grown in recent years the Chinese Diaspora on the African territory is not less than one million people, against less than 100 000 in 2001. To understand our research object, and capture the economic mechanisms intrinsic to African societies, we adopt an approach "bottom" because the local level seems more appropriate to understand the springs of economic growth
Safir, Abla. "The Impact of Income Shocks on Migration in Developing Countries." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0057.
Full textThis dissertation examines the impact of income shocks on migration. Chapter 2 uses fixed-effect and instrumental variable estimates to measure the impact of farm income shocks on temporary migration of rural households in India. Chapter 3 examines migration throughout the period spanning 1993-2000 to understand migration decisions before and after the Indonesian 1997/1998 financial crisis. In chapter 4, I examine the impact of income shocks in 2004 or 2005 as mentioned by the interviewed households on migration m 2005 or 2006 and on transfers in 2006. Temporary migration in rural households in India and permanent migration in Senegal seem to be coping mechanisms in a classic model of labor migration, with an increase in departures in reponse to negative shocks. In India, a small positive impact of positive idiosyncratic shocks hints towards response to negative shocks. In India, a small positive impact of positive idiosyncratic shocks hints towards possible limitation of migration due to liquidity constraints. However, these constraints seem very weak when compared with the impact of the aggregate shock of low rainfall which increases migration. In Senegal, we also find some hints towards a larger understanding of migration as a means to manage shocks, with dependents joining households who have experiences positive shocks. In Indonesia however, we do not find that migration has increased in the case of individuals particularly affected by the crisis. The pervasive nature of the shock, even though it was heterogeneous, may have made individuals less willing to take risks through migration
Chojnicki, Xavier. "Immigration, finances publiques et bien-être dans les pays d'accueil : une comparaison France - États-Unis." Lille 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LIL12021.
Full textZafisoamalala, Claudiana. "Nouvelles dynamiques socioéconomiques crées par l'immigration liée à l'exploitation des ressources naturelles : le cas du Cap Est de Madagascar." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB213.
Full textPoverty in Madagascar has implications in the field of social, economic, political and environmental. Thereby, over the last around twenty years, massive internal immigration has taken place and been observed due to the discovery and exploitation of new natural resources. This phenomenon spread out with reference to, on the one hand, the discovery of certain mining sites (for example Ilakaka in 1998) and, on the other hand, the explosion of the precious wood demand on the international market. On this second point, this thesis focuses on providing relevant information and reflection on immigration in the two rural communes and the city of Antalaha, which is one of the main areas in Madagascar well-known in owning and logging forest of precious wood. Even if the exploitation of precious woods has caused a very large migratory flow, these migrations have not always had the same characteristics over the time. The migratory phenomena observed in the different zones of activity present a wide variety of cases. The main factor bringing them together is the abundance of available resources, though the impact on socio-economical and ecological systems can be quite different from one area to another. Thanks to a research methodology and a field approach combined with a quantitative and qualitative methodological guidance, we will take as central problem of this thesis whether this immigration does or does not bring a local development in the zones of study
Chiodi, Vera. "Quatre essais d'économie appliquée : le cas de l'Amérique latine." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0158.
Full textThis thesis proposes to carry out an empirical analysis of four development topics for Iwo Latin American countries. The first chapter aims at analyzing the rationale of the monetary fragmentation in Argentina. Results show that after controlling for unobserved heterogeneity at the provincial level fiscal constraints appear to be the driving mechanism behind the emergence of these currencies. Chapter 2 analyses how the Mexican Oportunidades program will influence the economic choices of the rural poor and introduces a spatial analysis. The main contribution is to indicate that the magnitude of the impact of investments in education will be influenced by assets and location, Chapter 3 presents empirical non-parametric and parametric strategies to test for the existence of poverty traps in rural Mexico. Econometric analysis over 1997-2006 reveals significant nonlinearity in the dynamics of the assets holdings at the household level. We find evidence of a threshold effect although some observations may apply. Finally, using the same panel data of rural households in Mexico, chapter 4 studies the link between migration, remittances and productive assets accumulation. The main contribution of this chapter is to show that migration accelerates productive asset accumulation. We frame the empirical results within a two period model of investment and migration decisions
Ngom, Abdoulaye. "Les mobilisations familiales et/ou individuelles pour la réalisation de projets d'immigration clandestine de la Casamance vers l'Europe." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAG027.
Full textThis thesis is interested in the family and/or individual mobilizations for the realization of projects of illegal immigration towards Europe from the Casamance, a region essentially rich in the South of Senegal. She aims at reconstituting the budgets of families and applicants for immigration through an analysis of the strategies and the mechanisms which they implement to try to improve and/or to go out of their situation. This thesis also examines the determiners which are at the origin of the departures, the implied actors, the organization of the journeys, the relationship at the risk, the routes followed by the candidates, places her tontines in these journeys, and finally the prevention policies of the departures in Casamance and their effects on the migrations from this region. Analyses are developed from a qualitative approach articulated essentially around the collection of narratives of life, crossed narratives of life, semi-directive conversations, observations, informal discussions but also and especially an examination of the individual and collective contexts which join these actors. Finally the examination of the family and individual mobilizations in the illegal immigration and the family mobilizations in the immigration for studies allows to introduce a comparative dimension in this work
Senne, Jean-Noël. "Migration, remittances and schooling decisions within the household : evidence from innovative surveys in Senegal and Madagascar." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0124.
Full textThis doctoral thesis proposes three original contributions to the theoretical and empirical literature in development economics in Africa. The two broad fields of investigation are the economics of international migration in Senegal and the economics of education in Madagascar. The first chapter deals with the issue of intra-household selection into migration and aims at identifying the key components that drive the selection of migrants within their origin household. The second chapter investigates the social determinants of remittances and analyzes the influence of the redistributive norms conveyed by the origin household through migrant networks at destination on the likelihood and amounts of remittances. The third chapter investigates the impact of adult mortality within the household on subsequent children schooling decisions over the short and long run. These three chapters ail build on a microeconomic approach of decisions and behaviors among individuals within a household. The originality of the underlying data sets -ROR and MIDDAS -allows not only to bring new insights on some issues that may have been already explored by the literature, but also to tackle issues that have been so far un-or under-explored due to a lack of appropriate data. This thesis therefore highlights the importance of inter-disciplinarity, fieldwork and innovative survey designs in the investigation of original questions at the frontier of the existing research
Cassin, Lesly. "Développement, dynamiques démographiques et environnement dans les Petits Etats Insulaires des Caraïbes." Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100114.
Full textSustainable development in Caribbean Small Islands Developing States (SIDS) is difficult to obtain because of their economic and social vulnerabilities. This thesis examines the sustainable resource allocation and economic growth of Caribbean SIDS using theoretical and numerical methods, and focusing on interactions between demographic and environmental dimensions. Due to their regional importance, I examine the effects of migration and remittances while taking into account local pollution and climate change.First, I describe the impacts of remittances on savings, fertility and education, with a special focus on intergenerational strategies. I show that potential positive effects from migration or remittances depend strongly on its positive effect on human capital accumulation, i.e. whether it is larger or not than the population growth.Because human capital accumulation also depends on the environment, in the second chapter I study the potential interactions between migration gains and environmental quality. If pollution exposure during childhood harms the human capital process, first there are new conditions for gains from migration which can decrease the demographic pressure on natural assets, second an environmental policy is beneficial.Finally, Caribbean SIDS cannot reduce the extent of climate change, leaving them no choice but to adapt to its effects, however this is costly and difficult to implement. The third chapter of this thesis addresses the use of migration, which leads to remittances that can fund adaptation measures. Therefore, I test whether there is a complementarity or a substitutability between the two strategies and show that it depend on the fundamentals of the economy
Charmarkeh, Houssein. "Pratiques médiatiques, usages des médias sociaux et trajectoires migratoires des Somaliens en France et au Canada." Thesis, Paris 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA030099.
Full textTechnologies are omnipresent in our society, from social media, to satellite television and Internet broadcasting and shape the way we live, work, and interact. It has also transformed the international migration, making it possible for migrants to maintain strong ties between their host society and country of origin. Many studies have been conducted on the usage of ICT by migrants in the host country; however, there is limited research on the use of ICT by refugees during their migratory paths. This study focuses on the analysis of media practices and uses of social media by Somali refugees from Somalia to France (Rennes, Angers and Paris). In addition, this field survey is multi-sited and covers the relationship between the media practices and identity reconstruction of Somalis in two Canadian cities, Ottawa and Toronto. Despite the emergence of studies on the Canadian Somali community, very little research exists on the analysis of media practices Somalis, particularly in the domestic context. The methodological approach used in this study is based on an epistemological posture via the tools of critical ethnography and multi-sited. Critical ethnography aims to address the social and economic inequalities in which Somalis live in France and Canada. The results of this research show that the refugees, who are often labelled as being under-equipped with limited knowledge of computers, know how to use social media (Facebook, Youtube) and instant communication tools (Skype, MSN Messenger,VoIP) and information technologies and communication. We will also see how the collective use of YouTube videos, television and radio by Somalis in Canada and France has a complementary role to that of the institutions responsible for safeguarding the memory and transmission of cultural identity. The production and reception of video, radio and television broadcasts of the Somali community symbolize "traces" or efforts to rebuild Somalia. Through detailed analysis of media practices in the context of migration, this study seeks to contribute to the advancement of knowledge on the use of ICT by Somali refugees
Mercier, Marion. "Migration, development and politics in the homeland." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0114.
Full textThis thesis tackles the effects of migration on the political economy of development in the homeland. The first part of the thesis is based on a case study of Mali. In Chapter 1, we explore the impact of return migrants on political behaviors, and put forward the existence of transfers of electoral norms from Malian returnees toward non-migrants. Chapter 2 focuses on monetary transfers sent collectively by migrants through hometown associations, and shows that the provision of local public goods has increased relatively more rapidly in the Malian villages which have been targeted, since the 1990s, by hometown associations settled in France. The second part of the thesis leaves the Malian soil and adopts a more macro-economic approach. In Chapter 3, we study the migration background of political leaders, and find that, between 1960 and 2004, developing countries headed by foreign-educated leaders reached higher average levels of democracy. Last, Chapter 4 presents a theoretical model that analyzes the effect of a diaspora on civil war in the homeland, and the circumstances under which diasporas can fuel violence or promote peacebuilding. The thesis thus highlights four mechanisms through which migration can affect local political economy and opens numerous new research questions. It also emphasizes the importance of adopting different approaches, based on both theoretical and empirical tools, and of implementing innovative methodologies and data collection devices in order to investigate these questions