Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Canada – Mœurs et coutumes'
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Steelandt, Stéphanie. "Disponibilité et exploitation des ressources ligneuses par les Paléoesquimaux et les Inuit sur la côte ouest du Nunavik (Québec, Canada)." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25743.
Full textLes bois flottés actuels et ressources ligneuses archéologiques trouvés sur la côte ouest du Nunavik ont été étudiés afin de documenter leurs cararctéristiques, méthodes de collecte, exploitations et origines. Au total, 1572 bois flottés provenant des plages d’Ivujivik, Akulivik, Inukjuak et Umiujaq ont été examinés. Ces bois étaient moins nombreux, de plus petites tailles et plus dégradés dans les aires les plus au nord. Huit taxons ont été identifiés sous microscope. L’épinette était majoritaire, suivie du saule, du mélèze, du peuplier et de l’aulne. Le cèdre blanc, le bouleau blanc et le sapin baumier étaient également présents mais extrêmement rares. La composition de 293 bois archéologiques, 550 charbons et 11 artéfacts ligneux provenant de 11 sites archéologiques dans les quatre zones d’études n’était guère différente. Des charbons de pin rouge ou pin sylvestre et de châtaignier ont été découverts dans un site archéologique à Ivujivik mais étaient probablement importés. De plus, de nombreux charbons d’éricacées probablement locaux ainsi que du chêne ont été trouvés dans les sites archéologiques aux alentours d’Umiujaq. La présence du cèdre blanc et du bouleau blanc dans les amas de bois flottés actuels et archéologiques témoigne d’une origine des bois au sud et sud-est de la Baie de James. Ce résultat est également appuyé par les études comparatives et interdatations des largeurs moyennes de cernes de croissance. Des entrevues avec 27 Aînés dans les quatre villages révèlent que : le vocabulaire du bois était plus diversifié dans les villages les plus méridionaux; les arbustes étaient coupés en automne et utilisés pour la confection de matelas ou pour le feu; les plus gros bois étaient prioritairement utilisés pour la construction des bateaux, des kayaks et traîneaux; à Ivujivik, les bois flottés étaient principalement collectés l’été par bateau autour des îles alors que plus au sud, les gros bois étaient collectés ou coupés l’hiver puis rapportés par traîneaux à chiens. Finalement, des expérimentations visant à différencier chimiquement un bois flotté d’un bois non flotté pour en déduire le mode de collecte des gros bois archéologiques, ont montré un plus fort enrichissement en sodium dans les bois immergés. Des analyses en composantes principales (ACP), basées sur les concentrations relatives des cations, montrent que les bois immergés et secs peuvent être séparés en deux groupes. La complémentarité de ces recherches xylologiques, anthracologiques, radiométriques, dendrochronologiques, sociales et chimiques sur les ressources ligneuses au Nunavik apporte des connaissances précieuses et inédites sur cette matière première fondamentale dans la vie quotidienne des Inuit et de leurs ancêtres.
Modern driftwood and archaeological wood found on the west coast of Nunavik were studied in order to document its characteristics, methods of collection, uses and origins. In total, 1572 driftwood samples from beaches around Ivujivik, Akulivik, Inukjuak and Umiujaq were examined. Driftwood in the more northern areas was less frequent, smaller in size and more degraded. Eight taxa were identified under a microscope. Spruce was the most abundant, followed by willow, larch, poplar and alder. White cedar, white birch and balsam fir were extremely rare. The composition of the 293 wood samples, 550 charcoals and 11 wooden artifacts from 11 archaeological sites located within the four study areas was similar to the driftwood composition. Charcoals of red pine, Scots pine and chestnut were found at an archeological site in Ivujivik, but these were probably imported. In addition, many local ericaceous charcoals and an oak sample were found at archaeological sites around Umiujaq. The presence of white cedar and white birch in both modern and archaeological wood samples indicated that the wood originated from the south and southeast of James Bay. This conclusion is supported by comparative studies and cross-dating of the average growth rings. Interviews with 27 elders from the four villages revealed that: the wood vocabulary was more diversified in the southern villages; shrubs were cut in autumn and used for making mattresses or as fuel; the larger driftwood pieces were primarily used for the construction of boats, kayaks or sleds; in Ivujivik, driftwood was mainly collected in the summer by boat from around the islands whereas further south, the large wood pieces were collected or cut in winter and carried by dogsled. Finally, experiments to chemically differentiate immersed wood from dry wood in order to deduce the harvesting method of the large archaeological wood specimens, showed a stronger enrichment in sodium in the submerged woods. Principal component analyses (PCA), which are based on the relative concentrations of cations, allowed us to divide the immersed and dry samples into two groups. Principal component analyses (PCA), based on the relative concentrations of cations, reveal that the immersed and dry samples can be separated into two groups. The complementarity of these xylological, anthracological, radiometric, dendrochronological, social and chemical studies on wood resources in Nunavik provides invaluable and original knowledge concerning this essential raw material in the daily life of the Inuit and their ancestors.
Lamontagne, Laurence. "L'homme et l'acclimatement à l'hiver des débuts de la Nouvelle-France à la fin du XIXe siècle : étude des changements culturels." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29141.
Full textHervé, Caroline. ""On ne fait que s'entraider" : dynamique des relations de pouvoir et construction de la figure du leader chez les Inuit du Nunavik (XXe siècle-2011)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30423/30423.pdf.
Full textThis dissertation describes power relationships among the Nunavik Inuit by addressing two interrelated themes. On the one hand, the nature of power and the role of authority figures are analyzed. On the other, the concept of leader is deconstructed by showing its endogenous nature and the way it is appropriated by Inuit. Through reflexive fieldwork, this research points to a high prevalence of cooperation practices among the Nunavik Inuit. These practices, which are structured by power relationships and various inequalities, cover a wide range of social and material goods and go far beyond food sharing and equipment lending. Such pooling of resources is driven by authority figures who possess what others lack and, as such, are obliged to give back and share their wealth. In line with previous research on egalitarian groups and stateless societies, this research shows that Inuit individuals gain power through exogenous factors, i.e., what others within the group think of them, and not through endogenous ones, i.e., their personal ambitions. In other words, a group creates its leader by deciding to follow him or her. This finding sheds new light on the history of Inuit and Qallunaat relations during the 20th century. Each Inuit group continually exerted pressure to control authority figures, and this pressure extended to missionaries and traders as well. Despite efforts to impose their own power structures by creating new positions of authority in the Arctic, missionaries and traders were nevertheless considered to be wealthy people who had an obligation to share. Governments likewise felt the same pressures, which in time subverted their paternalistic policies. The same applies today to the Nunavik regional government, which recognizes this reality and is seeking to develop a very advanced form of participatory democracy. Keywords: Inuit, Nunavik, Canada, political anthropology, cooperation, power, government, governance, reflexive anthropology.
Gadbois, Jocelyn. "ETHNOLOGIE DU LOTTO 6/49. Esquisses pour une définition de la confiance." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29492/29492.pdf.
Full textPrévost, Marie-Annick. "ANALYSE DES MACRO-RESTES VÉGÉTAUX DU SITE COLONIAL DE FERRYLAND (TERRE-NEUVE, CANADA)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25864/25864.pdf.
Full textThe rich cod stocks of Newfoundland’s Grand Banks (Canada) attracted Europeans to the Americas from the sixteenth century onwards. However, the establishment of permanent colonies like that of Ferryland, founded by the English (1621-1696), date to the seventeenth century. The analysis of macro botanical remains (including wood charcoal) from this archaeological site shed light on the relationships between settlers and their environment. Their diet included a great variety of native wild berries as well as cereals, peas, herbs and dried fruits of European origin. However, we can not tell if this food grew mostly on or around the site or was imported. Settlers also used other plant resources (wood, conifer twigs, peat moss) for building and heating. Also, the activities of the settlers appear to have facilitated the introduction of many non-native weeds.
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Tanguay, Jean. "La liberté d'errer et de vaquer : les Hurons de Lorette et l'occupation du territoire, XVIIe-XIXe siècles." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28449.
Full textMercier-Méthé, Rosalie. "L'INTENDANT DE LA NOUVELLE-FRANCE ET L'ARCHITECTURE La convenance dans un contexte colonial." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27748/27748.pdf.
Full textEchergui, Fouzia. "Les aréopages soufis au Maroc d'aujourd'hui : rites et mœurs." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05H007.
Full textThrough the sociological observation of a mystic environment, we dreaded a comparative study, in which we examined what makes closer or differentiates the ritual meetings of some brotherhoods soufi in the northeast of Morocco. Oujda constituted a representative sample with branches of the brotherhoods chadilia, kadiria and gnawia. The headmaster's status in these meetings is evaluated by three symbolic criteria : a genealogy, the charisma and a skill in the esoteric and exoteric sciences. Concerning this last point, the intellectual knowledge of the headmaster rests on studies of Sunna and the Koran, generates two managers models of meetings (majma'), namely a committed model and the other one non-engaged. The majma' is a social organization and a way to build the culture'time and body of the soufi. It is inseparable of the sociology of the customs. The collective behavior within the majma' is limited by an outline which presents the historic and cultural identity of the headmaster and the member. The duties and the rights of the relation which is established between the headmaster and his follower is defined by traditions and customs of the society, lived differently according to their commitment. The follower makes an irrational and symbolic journey. This imaginary allows to understand concretely the coherence of majma' committed and non-engaged with the society and the universe
Mercure, Sarah-Amélie. ""Moi, j'ai besoin de m'sentir reliée à c'te monde-là" : un éclairage salutogénique des rapports de femmes TSR-UDI à leur milieu." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26582/26582.pdf.
Full textTerrier, Thiéfaine. "Modes de vie et pratiques domestiques des Yupiit du sud-ouest de l'Alaska : analyse archéoentomologique de l'habitation semi-souterraine de Nunalleq." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/40143.
Full textThis master’s thesis examines a Yup’ik semi-subterranean dwelling at Nunalleq (GDN-248), located on the delta of the Yukon and Kuskokwim Rivers in southwestern Alaska. The main objective of this study is to assess past lifeways of the Yupiit people wholived in this village site between 1570 and 1670 AD. Archaeoentomology is the research methodology used to address the research questions. Thirteen samples taken from the housefloor were analysed and found to contain hundreds of beetles (Coleoptera), lice and fleasremains. Their spatial distribution provides an understanding of some aspects of Yup’ikdaily life at Nunalleq, including practices such as delousing and the presence of dogs inside the dwelling. Environmental conditions in the house were also provided by beetle remains. Local resource exploitation, including that of plants is also documented. Finally, the impact of this hunter-gatherer settlement on the environment is discussed.
Seraphim, Joanna. "Les rôles et les statuts des femmes métisses de Winnipeg dans leur communauté et dans la société canadienne." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0467.
Full textThis thesis constitutes an exploratory research, which is based on an empirico-inductive approach and a qualitative methodology. It is founded on the analysis of the written sources and of the interview carried out during the two fieldworks realized in Winnipeg, as well as the direct and participant observation accomplished there. It is about the roles and the statuses of contemporary Métis women of Winnipeg in their community and in the dominant society, and it observes the evolution of these roles and stutuses from the fur trade period (1670-1870) until today. It addresses the theme of the manipulation of the traditions and of the image of the "traditional" aboriginal mother to justify the sexual discriminations on the Métis political scene. It presents the obstacles with which the Métis mother are confronted in the identity and cultural transmission in a minority context in an urban setting, but also the recourses used to realise this process. It deals with the discriminations endured by the Métis women from some Eurocanadians, some First Nations and some Métis, and precise the consequences on the security of Métis women, their self-esteem, their identification and their behaviours
Vézina, Maude. "Lit de feu et la dépression post-partum chez les femmes lao." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33609.
Full textProblematic: What is the association between the traditional hot bed practice and postpartum depression among Lao women? Considering that the impact of postpartum depression can affect the woman, the newborn and the family, this study aims to contribute to the knowledge of this condition. To do so, the study explores the therapeutic role of a traditional ritual, still practiced by more than the majority of women in Lao PDR. Methodology: This cross-sectional study aims to explore the relationship between postpartum depression and the hot bed practice. 105 women were interviewed at Mahosot Central Hospital in Vientiane (Lao PDR) using two questionnaires. Results: 13.33% of women had significant depressive symptoms and 90.48% of women practiced the hot bed. The analyzes suggest that social support, unwanted pregnancy and the history of depression during pregnancy have a significant association with postnatal depression. The multivariate model, which interacts with these three variables, explains 22.5% of the variance of the dependent variable (p-value of 0.0003). Due to a lack of variability in the data obtained, it is impossible to study the association between the two main variables (hot bed practice and postnatal depression). Conclusion: Although the results obtained indicate that the social support mobilized by the hot bed contributes positively to the psychological health of new mothers, it is impossible to confirm the protective effect of the practice on postnatal depression. To answer such a hypothesis, further studies exploring the components of the practice should be encouraged. Keywords: postpartum depression; traditional practices; hot bed; Lao PDR; culture; social support; mental Health
Lapointe, Marie-Claude. "Étude communicationnelle des pratiques culturelles au Québec : analyses des enquêtes ministérielles (1979-2009) : facteurs et prédicteurs, générations et cycles de vie, et découpages territoriaux." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26915.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the cultural practices of the Québécois, more specifically, to begin with, on its influencing factors. It then looks at comparisons between individuals based on generations and life history. To conclude, it examines territorial and regional division in terms of cultural practices and issues related to territory. All the findings come from surveys on cultural practices in Quebec conducted every five years since 1979 by departments of cultural affairs. The two main theoretical references are Bourdieu's theory of legitimacy and Peterson's omnivore thesis. In the opening section, the thesis explores whether Internet use is connected to cultural openness or isolation. The findings demonstrate that age, education and the use of the Internet for cultural purposes are strong predictors of visits to cultural venues and outings to shows. The models that include Internet use and sociodemographic variables are more efficient than those focusing solely on the latter. In the second part, the study's quasi-cohorts were compared to see if their cultural behaviours changed according to life history and whether their cultural path varied over time. In conclusion, the diversification of the quasi-cohorts' practices was examined to estimate whether or not they became more omnivorous with time and from one quasi-cohort to another. The explanatory model displays the differences in cultural paths based on life history, and over time. It also brings to light the differences from one generation to another, as well as the differences between generations sharing the same life history. These results, unlike Peterson's (2004), do not conclusively show that older quasi-cohorts are more omnivorous than before nor that young people are more omnivorous than their elders. The objective of the third section of this work was to see whether Quebec's administrative regions, when studied from the angle of cultural practices, are divided according to the classification of regional cultural spaces developed by Harvey and Fortin (1995) based on cultural offering. The findings show that groupings do not always fall within the classification and that practices are very heterogeneous, which makes establishing consistency within the groupings difficult. Therefore, when comparing the territories, it seems appropriate to account for the object (e.g., cultural offering or practice), the territorial scale (e.g., municipal library or national museum) and the nature of the product or practice (e.g., mobile or stationary). In conclusion, the relevance of expanding the cultural practices measured in the survey and including overriding phenomena such as values, constraints and motivation was called into question. For example, a study of motivation could clarify the omnivore pattern in Quebec. It also seems relevant to continue the reflection by studying how cultural practices are consumed, in order to see if, and how, the distinction is made.
Gauthier, Josée. "Évolution des pratiques coutumières entourant la naissance au Saguenay et dans Charlevoix (1900-1950) /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1991. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full textDesprez, Anne-Valérie. "Pratiques symboliques et savoirs techniques : pour une construction de la nature chez les Indiens Montagnais." Toulouse 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU20071.
Full textAnimals, apprehended in their environment, lead the men to consider their relationship with Nature through behaviors, manners and attitudes of these animals, thus returning their perception and their sense of esthetics, to valorizations of an ethical nature and fascinations of an imaginary nature. This type of thought and the social organization which results from this, characterizes the life of the Montagnais Indians of Quebec. A coexistence of long date wove links between them and nature, allowing these men, by the systematization of prehensible data, to set up a group in its tradition and its memory. The evolution of the representations of the report/ratio between Nature and Montagnais is presented according to two directions. The first one approaches the relation man-nature from a symbolic system point of view, starting from statements, practices and rituals related to the acts of hunting and fishing. It tries to explain how was structured the Indian thought in the historical context of a nomad autarkical society, and how it evolved/moved under the weight of colonization, of christianization and finally, of sedentarisation. The second direction considers the study of the representations of the Nature from an ecological point of view, thus underlining the installation of vital relationships. Indeed, Montagnais, from their geographical insulation and the ± hostile α nature of their environment, had from early days, to manage their relation with fauna and flora, the main elements, guarantors of their survival. Today, at the time of an ± exotic α tourism and the great return of ecology, the relation between the man and Nature call upon different feelings, from a systematic exploitation without any limit of the faunal reserves, to a frienzed defense with other territories. In spite of the assertion of a strong indigenous identity, and that since the beginning of the Seventies, the image that are made the Westerners of the Indian society hardly evolves/moves, being generally summarized from two contrasted points of view opposing the tradition to the tansition, the immobility with the movement. This search aims to put into relief the attempt of the explanation of the systems of representation of Nature, specific to the Montagnais Indians, his sociogenesis, and the attempt at comprehension of the evolution of mentalities, divided between present and past
Bousquet, Marie-Pierre. ""Quand nous vivions dans le bois", le changement spatial et sa dimension générationnelle : l'exemple des Algonquins du Canada." Paris 10, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA100096.
Full text"When we lived in the bush" is a saying central to the way the Algonkins of Canada talk about themselves. For these former nomadic hunter-trappers who became sedentary between 1853 and the 1960's, it recalls their old lifestyle as opposed to the way they live now. It stresses the strong ties they evoke between tradition and territory. Nowadays, though the Algonkins live in reservations and towns established on their ancestral territory, they present themselves as immigrants, uprooted from the forests where their culture originated. This dissertation looks at how différent generations (or age groups) of Algonkins talk about space and change, with each generation marking a différent phase in the sedentarisation process. By examining the discourse of the various age groups on change, it offers a new look at the perception of spatial change and social transformation. It explores adaptations to rural and urban settings as contexts for expressing a new cultural identity ; it analyzes Algonkin discourse on social categories, the generation gap, and the evolution of criteria for being a member of this native people. The final question is whether one can be an uprooted immigrant while living on one's own ancestral territory
Voyer-Messier, Marie Claire. "Festin rituel : le slametan comme lieu de la coexistence religieuse et de l'agencéité javanaise." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25430.
Full textThis mémoire proposes an anthropological exploration of the slametan ritual feast as practiced today by the Javanese Muslim of Yogyakarta. Based in a ritual studies perspective, my research aims at establishing the modalities of religious coexistence of persons living in two popular neighborhoods of the city by posing an in-depth look into the concepts of place, agency, presence and participation, and of common goals, as well as by taking into consideration the local notions of the Javanese sense of self, and of rukun and slamet, pointing to the social ideals of harmony and collective well-being. I suggest in this mémoire that the ritual practice of slametan constitutes a Javanese strategy aimed at the affirmation of their cultural sense of belonging as well as at the upholding of practices and traditions specific to the Javanese Muslims know as kejawen, and which enables them to pacifically differentiate themselves from their neighbors pertaining to other cultural and religious spheres.
Tshikoji, Mbumba Sylvain. "La quête du bonheur partagé à travers la triade éthique africaine Luba-Kasaî." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27690.
Full textFor sometime, most intellectuals have agreed that the African philosophical debate has evolved around three tendencies. The first propensity has been that the promotion of traditions and local cultures is the unique and sole venue that would yield the development as well as the happiness of nations. Such a bias has proven to be dogmatic as it is rooted in the belief that people need to be self-reliant. The second proclivity claims that there is no rationale in the idea of relying solely on African traditions, when it is possible to evolve into a synergic symbiosis that includes both modern science and technology. The latter is also quite dogmatic, as it invalidates any shape or form of African rationality. The third current attempts to propitiate traditions and modernism, while putting forward the exhilaration of African customs, and being cognizant of the need to maintain openness and integration of the betterment that a contemporary society might infuse. In this respect, traditions and modernism must symphonize and assimilate their values in order to sustain their essence. However, when applying the sniff test, this debate has remained fruitless; these theories have eluded the question of addressing the existence of African nations, which, from our stand point, remains one of shared happiness. These predilections should have utilized concrete examples from African customs, in order to enhance a coherent philosophy that would propel the development and the happiness of nations. A more practical approach is proposed and illustrated in these writings, which bring forth an ethical rationale of the shared happiness we find among the People of Luba heritage, despite its socio-political implications. Within the ethnic Luba-Kasai, the human goal of everyday living is happiness. Far from being individually centered, the search for a shared happiness is the concern of the entire society (family, clan or village), extending through institutional and symbolic mediation. This perception of happiness runs the social organization, allowing the contribution from as well as the participation of each individual, to the management of the city and the commonwealth. This requires the integration of social and political structures that would advance everyone's rights, dignity and liberty. We therefore insist that the oncoming realization of African happiness does not rest uniquely on an occidental conversion model. It will become a reality when we coalesce western contemporary systems, African traditional values, openness, integration that would lead to reciprocal and mutual enrichment. It is only within such premises, starting within the Luba-Kasaï tribes, that each African nation, each African culture, will find the missing ethical and philosophical links to a more harmonious societal organization.
Kapia, Léonard Mweng-A.-Man. "Une éthique de responsabilité en quête de fondement : réflexion à partir d'un contexte africain de crise." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26973.
Full textIn which to base an ethic of the subjet and what place should be allowed to particular cultures and histories in a new context characterized by globalization? To answer this question, asked from Africa, we had first to show the paucity of any anthropological approach and, therefore, of any ethical approach. If Fabien Eboussi was the starting point of our inquiry in the African context, Xavier Thévenot and Bénezet Bujo in theology, and Emmanuel Levinas in philosophy, who were both the proof of this paucity and our guides in looking for a new anthropolgical place on which to base an ethics of the subject that is universal. This new place is the « ancestrogenesis », that is to say ancestrality designed as a source of responsability vis-à-vis all past and future human generations. This place both anthropological and ethical is under contruction since the beginning of human time. Each one is invited to participate in responsability to the humanization of humanity through the struggles in favor of every human being within range. We have applied this ancestrogenesis to theological ethics by placing Christ at the summit. As a human being, He is an ancestor among other ancestors, ascending and descending, but in a specific way. As creative Word of God, He is Pro-ancestor, in the sense that He is the inspiration and the one that delivers the ultimate meaning of history. So, what is the best position to adress the ethics of subjet, to make human beings responsible on universal issues that transcend religions, histories ans cultures, while making Christ the main Subject of history ? We offer a tangential position that frees an ethicist from excessive influence of his own morals ans allows him to fraternize with all humans. Provided he avoids making an ideology with pluralism and he fights superficiality that awaits syncretism to which such a peripheral position is exposed.
Grenier, Benoît. ""Gentilshommes campagnards de la Nouvelle France" : présence seigneuriale et sociabilité rurale dans la vallée du Saint-Laurent à l'époque préindustrielle." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/17973.
Full textVachon, Christian. "Les violences verbales à Manosque au tournant du XIVe siècle (1284-1330)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29376.
Full textMétayer, Christine. "Écrivains publics et milieux populaires à Paris, sous l'Ancien Régime : le cas des écrivains des charniers du cimetière des Saints-Innocents." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28416.
Full textSimard-Gagnon, Laurence. "Vivre et manger le territoire : la gestion des petits fruits par les femmes inuites en contexte contemporain." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30443/30443.pdf.
Full textMarie-Magdeleine, Loïc. "Entre violence, sexualité et luttes sociales : le destin paradoxal du dancehall." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AGUY0728/document.
Full textCompletely different to play a part in the social unrest that this country is facing. The second part of the thesis focuses on the issues of violence and sexuality in dancehall music. It shows how politics and religion have a strong influence on the population and offer some legitimacy to the lyrics which lead to the controversies surrounding dancehall music. On the one hand, religion is the cornerstone of this society (although Jamaicans have integrated some principles and do not pay much attention to others) and determines what should be endorsed or rejected. On the other hand, the politicians apply some sort of physical and psychological violence to maintain their leading position. In addition, these politicians rely on the contempt for homosexuality to create cohesion within a society that is deeply characterized by divisions and tensions of all kinds. In the Jamaican context that is deeply influenced by patriarchal values, the individuals of the lower social strata (especially males) who experience difficulties to obtain a valorizing social status can turn to violence and criminal activities, and will hang to heterosexuality and “moral” sexual practices as vehicles to restored self-esteem (this vision of sexuality is one of the only valorizing aspects of masculinity that any individual can rely on regardless of their social status). Consequently, these sexual archetypes are expressed through the lyrics of dancehall music and are promoted by the artists of dancehall, self-proclaimed spokesperson for the Jamaican population. The third part addresses the issue of the perception of dancehall music on the international level through the issue of sexuality and homosexuality. This part shows that even though the language used by the artists can be hardly understood, some lyrics leave the listeners with different way of interpreting the message, especially when it comes to threatening some people physically or psychologically on the ground of sexual orientations and practices. These songs which express strong criticism towards some individuals have triggered vehement reactions from sexual minority groups. Different campaigns on the international level have forced the artists to tone down their lyrics. These campaigns show how the music is also utilized by these gay groups to fight against discrimination. Because of or thanks to the media attention that Jamaican music enjoys, the homosexuals are able to expose to the public opinion the physical and psychological violence they are experiencing in Jamaica. In addition, the close geographic, cultural and economic relationship between Jamaica and the USA shows, on the one hand, how homosexuality is perceived on the island as an imposed foreign value and on the other hand, how this Caribbean country is labeled as a homophobic nation. And finally, the influence of Jamaica on the international level allows us to analyze dancehall music in the French Caribbean islands. This chapter shows how these local artists can use the Jamaican codes and adapt them to their own reality when they correspond with the values of their own society
Cunegatto, Thais. "Entre la mise en scène et la loi : les enjeux politiques et esthétiques au Carnaval de Rio de Janeiro." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66676.
Full textThis doctoral research takes part inside the interface between the fields of urban anthropology, anthropology of sensitive forms, visual anthropology, and political anthropology. It responds to the assumption of the Brazilian common sense which perceives carnival as a public policy of bread and circuses and a process of alienating the population. We will try to show that the carnival goes beyond simple entertainment, that it is rooted in popular culture and it's part of the national identity, in addition to negotiating daily micro politics with the macro government policy. Based on an ethnography conducted on the carnival of the samba schools in the city of Rio de Janeiro, this study focuses on the relationships of resistance and adherence between the members of the samba schools that celebrate the carnival party, the state and the donors who impose the normalization and purification measures of the carnival. The purpose of this thesis is to explain the complexity of the Brazilian carnival festival beyond a dichotomous perception. The carnival, which at the same time is part of the macro national and governmental political structure, takes place thanks to the faults, gaps, and the cracks of this system, which allow the carnival to endure an intense process of agency between the different actors on stage. The carnival is multiple. It is at the same time a manifestation of popular culture, a public policy of construction of the social identity, a political maneuver of unification of the Brazilian society, a commercial and globalized spectacle, a festivity crossed by the process of merchandising of the popular culture, a party that struggles to remain popular. The carnival presents this multitude of facets which are in constant negotiation. By being popular, it has a tricky identity that reinvents its tradition in a process of agency between its social actors.
Contant-Joannin, Sandrine. ""Rocking your Nation" : le pow-wow de Kanhesatà:ke et les identités autochtones." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33434.
Full textThis master’s thesis examines Southwestern Quebec’s powwows — a region circumscribed around and between Montreal and Quebec — and Indigenous identities. Here analyzed as a celebration, powwow is an event that gained popularity among Indigenous peoples in Quebec in the past years. Drum, songs and dances are at the heart of the celebration, but it is also composed of various other practices. It is considered as a privileged space to express Indigenous cultures. More specifically, this study brings up to light the powwow of Kanehsatà:ke, a kanien'kehá:ka community located in the Basses-Laurentides area. The link between this event and the building, negotiation and assertion of Indigenous identities, individual and collective (community, pan-aboriginality), is detailed. To situate the celebration in a broader context, participant observations of five gatherings were made. Participant observations of Kanehsatà:ke’s celebration’s preparations and semi-structured interviews with ten people were also conducted. They enabled a better understanding of the place of the powwow in the community and of the gathering’s meaning. The analysis demonstrates that the community seems attached to its celebration. The powwow contributes to build, negotiate and assert Indigenous identities because of its healing (individual and collective), transmission and learning, social, touristic and economic functions.
Langlois, Mandoline. "Le shower de bébé dans les Cantons de l'Est : pratique rituelle d'intégration." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25571/25571.pdf.
Full textPerrin, Emmanuelle. "Folklore et ethnographie de l'Egypte contemporaine : Le "Dictionnaire des coutumes, des traditions et des expressions égyptiennes" (Qâmûs al-'adât wa-l-taqâlîd wa-l-ta'âbîr al-misriyya) de Ahmad Amîn." Phd thesis, Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales- INALCO PARIS - LANGUES O', 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00878441.
Full textDautruche, Joseph Ronald. "Culture, patrimoine et tourisme en Haïti : construction et dynamique de reconstruction d’une destination touristique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22665.
Full textBéguet, Véronique. "Des entités invisibles qui font vivre les humains : une approche cosmocentrique de la différenciation et de la préséance et leur articulation à l'égalitarisme chez les Iban de Sarawak (Malaysia)." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28510.
Full textFontaine, Jean-Louis. "Croyances religieuses des Tsjachennut, peuple animiste : croyances et rituels (1603-1650)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/17835.
Full textMagassa, Ousmane. "Comparaison du comportement de génisses laitières Holstein nourries avec du lactoremplaceur selon la recommandation canadienne ou en ad libitum." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68782.
Full textThe objective of this study was to compare, on commercial farms, the behaviour of Holstein dairy calves fed milk replacer equivalent to the current Canadian recommendation or ad libitum at peak milk replacer intake, during the weaning period and after weaning. To do so, 114 heifers from two commercial dairy farms were randomly assigned to the two milk replacer feeding regimes and were group-housed, fed with an automatic milk replacer from day 7 to day 76 of age (weaning). Accelerometers were used to determine lying time, lying bouts, and bouts duration. Direct visual behavioural observations by an observer (feeding behaviour, drinking behaviour, and lying behaviour) were also assessed discontinuously while redirect behaviour (displacement of one calf by another at the automated milk feeder, and cross-suckling) were observed continuously for two one-hour periods of live observations for each of the three selected periods. Daily lying time increased at the peak of milk replacer intake relative to the other observational periods. Mean bout duration varied between periods and treatments. Lying bouts were more frequent after weaning and under the ad libitum treatment during peak milk replacer intake. Feeding and drinking behaviours were more frequent in the post-weaning period while lying time was higher at the peak milk replacer intake period. There was a tendency for more suckling between calves at postweaning when calves were fed ad libitum. Overall, all behavioral observations remained acceptable for both treatments. Therefore, despite the difference observed, both treatments appeared to be adequate in terms of calf behaviour
Kawaguchi, Toshinori. "Dynamique spatio-temporelle des mammifères hivernant dans une forêt boréale de l'est du Canada." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26497.
Full textHabitat selection by animals has rarely been the focus of long term studies. Based on 11 years study of snow tracking, I investigated whether 1) population indices derived from snow tracking agreed with pelt sales in marten, red squirrel and weasels, 2) habitat selection by snowshoe hare is influenced by conspecific density, 3) snow depth influenced habitat use pattern of snowshoe hare, 4) spatial association between marten and hare is reduced when other hare predators, lynx and fox, are more abundant. Each year, 91.3km ± 28.9 km (mean ± SD) of transects were surveyed. For the first objective, generalized linear models were used for track count of each species as function of year effect (categorical variable) and vegetation variables. Estimates of year effects agreed strongly with pelt sales of red squirrel and weasels. Mean track counts by sampling effort agreed with marten pelt sales. Hare track counts in young (20-40y) forest stands declined with an increase of conspecific density with one year lag. Hare track counts were increasingly associated to stands with high foliage density above 2m (measured with LiDAR), as snow became deeper in the course of winter. Finally, path analyses of the causal relationship between spatial distributions of hare, marten, red squirrel, red fox and Canada lynx suggested that the hare-marten spatial association declined when lynx abundance in the previous year was high. This thesis underlines the importance of accounting for long term ecosystem dynamics such as population and climate, including those of the focal species, in the study of habitat selection. It raises questions about the validity of long-term projections based on simple approaches such as habitat suitability indices. In a forest management context, short- and long-term changes in the vegetation and snow cover, following forest management and climate change, will have complex effect on wintering mammal spatial distribution.
Vasseur, Elsa. "Développement d'une stratégie d'intervention visant à améliorer le bien-être animal en fermes laitières : par l'encouragement des producteurs à rejoindre des standards progressistes pour l'élevage des veaux et génisses." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26691/26691.pdf.
Full textKirouac, Marie-Ève. "La garnison britannique à Québec, 1839-1871 : étude des rapports sociaux entre militaires et civils." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22830.
Full textDiabone, Clédor. "Les ressources foncières et forestières et le développement en Casamance : regard de l'anthropologie du développement sur l'agglomération de Houlouf." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21751.
Full textSaidi, Zoubida. "La Communauté juive marocaine au Québec (1957-1985) : comportement, intégration et maintien des traditions." Paris 7, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA070109.
Full textJanson, Rébecca. "Sépultures du cimetière de Saint-Frédéric : étude sur la quincaillerie de cercueil et les modes d'inhumation d'une communauté catholique et rurale de la Beauce aux 19e et 20e siècles." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21097.
Full textBouchard, Dufour Amélie. "Exploration des perceptions des parents Inuits de l'influence du Programme de nutrition dans les Centres de la petite enfance du Nunavik sur les habitudes alimentaires des enfants et de leurs familles." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28387/28387.pdf.
Full textBoutevin, Stéphanie. "La place et les usages de l'écriture chez les Hurons et les Abénakis, 1780-1880." Thèse, Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/4302/1/D2242.pdf.
Full textHien, Suzanne Adjoua. "Appartenance lignagère et prise en charge des orphelins chez les Lobi du Burkina Faso." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21479.
Full textPuig, Nicolas. ""Derrière le cimetière" : un lignage Awlâd Sîdî Abîd à Tozeur : nouvelles civilités et dynamiques communautaires du Sud tunisien." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01070527.
Full textMarchand, Suzanne. "Naître, aimer et mourir : le corps dans la société québécoise." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/24106/24106.pdf.
Full textBlonski, Michel. "Se nettoyer à Rome (IIème s. av. J.-C. – IIème s. apr. J.-C.) : pratiques et enjeux." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040008.
Full textThis thesis investigates how the Romans envision the operations related to body cleansing at the end of the Republic and the beginning of the Empire. Starting from practical questions – What has to be cleaned? For which purpose? Where does this operation take place? How is it completed? – and leveraging on approaches stemmed from anthropology, archeology and lexicology, we delimitate categories that the Romans link to concepts such as dirtiness, body care or appropriate self-presentation. The terminology of dirtiness, in particular, reveals a manifold set of undesired realities, which nonetheless never appears totally consistent; Depending on the context, there is not one, but several types of dirtiness. On the contrary, the justification of cleanliness is based on a whole range of moral prescriptions which are remarkable by their continuity and their consistency throughout the whole period. It appears that the concept of cleanliness should be understood within the frame of the broader notion of self care. Conversely, dirtiness more generally relates to self negligence. Consequently, being a good citizen, or even living as a genuine human being requires to be clean, to a point where cleanliness becomes a social marker: A clean and “shiny” appearance indicates a higher social status. Hence the growing importance of the balneum as a Roman institution – the place where this model is maintained, across civic, medical and cosmetic representations, through the development of techniques primarily based on body rubbing using oil and detergents
Hamel, Nathalie. "Le costume en Beauce, 1920-1960 : tradition, innovation et régionalisme." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq33670.pdf.
Full textPoitras-Lefebvre, Isabelle. "Évolution des traits culturels québécois dans la publicité par cohorte socio-démographique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26089/26089.pdf.
Full textDuque, Fonseca Claudia Alexandra. "La selva de concreto : procesos de urbanización y planificación urbana en Florencia (Caquetá, Colombia)." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66686.
Full textThis thesis addresses the processes of urbanization and urban planning that have occurred in the northwestern Colombian Amazon since the nineteenth century. The metaphor of the « concrete jungle » proposes an ambivalent image that synthesizes a process of spatial transformation, that of the urbanization of the jungle, starting from two contrasting signs, showing that imaginaries that oppose spatialities called the « jungle » and the « city » facilitate the concealment of this same process. In the region studied, research on urbanization and urban planning is still scarce and has not been systematic within the anthropological discipline. Moreover, urban studies have been interested almost exclusively in the dynamics that prevail in large cities and megalopolises, while the majority of the human population lives in small or medium-sized cities, such as Florencia, where I did my fieldwork. In the social sciences, these cities have become « invisible ». Starting from the notion of the invisible city, in this thesis, a de-metropolizing and decolonizing proposal is developed that distances itself from the usual western-centrism of urban studies. This implies stopping to consider urbanization as an inevitable process, linked to demographic and economic « development ». In addition, an analytical distinction is proposed between two modes of urban planning: « top-down » planning and « bottomup » planning. Planning « from above » is a rational and politically powerful practice related to the hegemonic urban project of the nation-state. Planning « from below », which is not currently recognised, positions inhabitants as individual and collective active subjects, transforming agents and creators of urban space. The thesis demonstrates how, in urban planning « from above » and « from below », the desire for modernization, the search for ecosystem preservation, the need to stimulate the local economy and the socioeconomic particularities of the city's inhabitants are intertwined. However, the different ways in which these elements are conceived and valued result in visions and actions that in some cases coincide and in others are opposed and that ultimately socially produce the urban space. vii Urban planning is also considered, in the thesis, as a « strategic research site » because it becomes an element that touches the whole city. Consequently, a multi-scale approach is used to show how global and local dynamics interact. Two districts of the city, Yapurá Sur and Paloquemao, were selected to explore in greater detail how planning « from below » is produced and expressed. Also, social cartography proved to be a relevant tool for capturing the visions of the present, past and future of the city from Florencia’s inhabitants. The results of the ethnographic and social cartography work carried out during my research show that the city is a co-production that combines different forms of government and social relations. Based on the maps representing the future of the city, it is possible to conclude that the inhabitants of Florencia invite us to (re)think about the hegemonic urban model and demonstrate that participatory planning is not only possible but necessary.
Esta tesis aborda los procesos de urbanización y planificación urbana que se han dado en la Amazonia noroccidental colombiana a partir del siglo XIX. La metáfora de la selva de concreto, propone una imagen ambivalente que sintetiza un proceso de transformación espacial, el de la urbanización de la selva, a partir de dos signos con significantes opuestos, poniendo en evidencia que los imaginarios que contraponen espacialidades denominadas « selva » y « urbana » facilitan el ocultamiento de este mismo proceso. En la región estudiada, las investigaciones sobre urbanización y planificación urbana son todavía escasas y no han sido sistemáticas dentro de la disciplina antropológica. Además, los estudios urbanos se han interesado casi exclusivamente en las dinámicas que imperan en las grandes ciudades y megalópolis, mientras la mayoría de la población humana habita en ciudades pequeñas o medianas, como es el caso de Florencia, donde realicé mi trabajo de campo. En las ciencias sociales, estas ciudades se han vuelto « invisibles ». A partir de la noción de ciudad invisible, en esta tesis, se desarrolla una propuesta desmetropolizadora y descolonizante que se distancia del occidentalocentrismo usual de los estudios urbanos. Esto implica desnaturalizar la urbanización vista como un proceso inevitable, ligada al « desarrollo » demográfico y económico. Además, se propone una distinción analítica entre dos modalidades de planificación urbana: la planificación « desde arriba » y la planificación « desde abajo ». La planificación « desde arriba » es una práctica racional y de poder político que tiene nexos con el proyecto urbano hegemónico vinculado al Estado-nación. La planificación « desde abajo », la cual no tiene reconocimiento en la actualidad, posiciona a los habitantes como sujetos individuales y colectivos activos, agentes transformadores y creadores del espacio urbano. En la tesis, se demuestra cómo, en la planificación urbana « desde arriba » y « desde abajo », se entrecruzan el deseo de modernización, la búsqueda por la preservación ecosistémica, la necesidad de incentivar la economía local y las particularidades socio-económicas de los habitantes de la ciudad. Sin embargo, las distintas maneras en que se conciben y se valoran estos elementos dan como resultado visiones y acciones que en algunos casos coinciden y en otros se contraponen y que finalmente producen socialmente el espacio urbano. iii La planificación urbana es también considerada, en la tesis, como « sitio estratégico de investigación » al constituirse en un elemento que toca al conjunto de la ciudad. Se utiliza un enfoque multiescalar para mostrar las interrelaciones globales y locales. La cartografía social es una herramienta pertinente para captar las visiones sobre el presente, pasado y futuro que tienen los habitantes de Florencia. Dos barrios de la ciudad, Yapurá Sur y Paloquemao, se seleccionaron para conocer con mayor detalle cómo se produce y expresa la planificación « desde abajo ». Los resultados del trabajo etnográfico y de cartografía social realizados en el marco de mi investigación permiten mostrar que la ciudad es una co-producción que ensambla diferente formas de gobierno y relaciones sociales. Con base en los mapas sobre el futuro de la ciudad, es posible concluir que los habitantes de Florencia invitan a (re)pensar el modelo urbano hegemónico y demuestran que una planificación participativa no sólo es posible sino necesaria.
Deleuze, Anne-Sophie. "Itinéraire de vie d'un textile : étude sur les usages locaux du tissu-pagne à Lomé (TOGO)." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/32965.
Full textThe wax is an emblematic fabric in West African material culture, especially in Togo and its capital city, Lomé. Here it arrives to be redistributed to all other countries of the area. Mainly produced in Europe, this fabric is strongly reappropriated by the local population. Today, it is everywhere, used for everything and by everyone. Its omnipresence is explained by its function as a basic fabric but also because of the high socio-symbolic value people give to it. In fact, we can find the wax throughout Togolese lives, especially at significant life stages. In this context, the present research aims to understand the mutual influence relationship between the textile and its owner, through local uses, which are determined by the socio-symbolic importance given to this material. With an inductive approach based on the wax’s uses according to its several social criteria, for example the fabric’s quality (category), the context of its use and the social profile of its owner, I was able to demonstrate its powerful function in visual communication. The wax is an essential social indicator, which is anchored within the socio-relational dynamics in the city. Through the analysis of the many local life itineraries of wax, according to all its successive uses, I was able to show the local logics, which categorise these uses into three different spheres: socio-communicational, utilitarian and memorial. According to a rule of mutual confirmation between the socio-symbolic value and the use of wax, its usage may be categorised into one sphere, or more, at the same time. This socio-symbolic value is mainly social but it can take a personal scope due to a process of appropriation of the textile. Then its use becomes personalized also. This is the kind of dynamics which, adds to a transfer of value between the wax and its user, designs the local life itinerary of this fabric. That is why it is a social thing. The study of the wax’s uses gives us an understanding about the operating of the socio-relational dynamics in Lomé. All of this attests to the fact that just like other objects, wax fabric has a part to play in the social life of things.
Boucher, Nathalie. "La transmission intergénérationnelle des savoirs dans la communauté innue de Mashteuiatsh : les savoir-faire et les savoir-être au coeur des relations entre les Pekuakamiulnuatsh." Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/22528/22528.pdf.
Full textThis thesis is about the identification of the ways used and supported by the various generations of Pekuakamiulnuatsh women and men to transmit their knowledge to the other generations. It is pointed out that the roles assigned to the transmission of the knowledge vary according to the age of the person who transmits and the one who receives. The roles also vary according to the sphere in which this transmission is made. Indeed, the private sphere privileges the oral tradition, i.e. in the family, while the writing processus is strongly used in the public sphere, as in the school. The dynamic use of the Western and Indigenous ways of transmission is necessary to counterbalance the knowledge and their practices in this very heterogeneous community. It also reinforces the ilnue identity and gathers the community towards the same political and cultural projects.
Redmond, Morissette Maude. "Les pratiques alimentaires du réveillon de Noël contemporain au Bas-Saint-Laurent : la cohabitation entre tradition et modernité." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25197/25197.pdf.
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