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Robinson, Laura. "Ecological relationships among partial harvesting, vegetation, snowshoe hares, and Canada lynx in Maine." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2006. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/RobinsonLX2006.pdf.
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Weeks, Lori E. "Comparison of Adult Day Services in Atlantic Canada, Maine, and Vermont." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30771.
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Comparisons of aging services in Canada and the United States reveal similarities and differences in the structure and function of the two systems. In both countries, adult day services (ADS) is an integral component in the array of services available to older adults. In this study, I compared structural characteristics of programs, participant characteristics, and examined the National Adult Day Services Association classification model of ADS in demographically similar areas of Canada and the United States. Directors of 47 ADS programs in demographically similar provinces and states in Atlantic Canada, Maine, and Vermont responded to a mailed survey. Adult day services programs in each province and state exhibited some unique structural and participant characteristics. Statistically significant differences emerged between ADS programs in the two countries on the following structural variables: town population, center affiliation, center location, levels of government support, participant fees, organizational structure, hours of operation, months of attendance, hours attended per day, service frequency, and service provision.
Participant characteristics that significantly varied between the two countries involved educational level and functional characteristics. A minority of programs exhibited a match between participant needs and services provided. However, very few programs belonged to the most mismatched category of providing core services to intensive level participants. The findings of this study support the importance of individual programs providing services appropriate to meet the needs of participants rather than adhering to a predetermined model of care.Ph. D.
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Scott, Shonene A. "Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Snowshoe Hare Density and Relationships to Canada Lynx Occurrence in Northern Maine." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2009. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/ScottSA2009.pdf.
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Simons, Erin M. "Influences of Past and Future Forest Management on the Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Habitat Supply for Canada Lynx and American Martens in Northern Maine." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2009. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/SimonsEM2009.pdf.
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Smith, Joshua M. "The Rogues of 'Quoddy: Smuggling in the Maine New Brunswick Borderlands 1783-1820." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2003. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/SmithJM2003.pdf.
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Morton, John Davis. "Making Nations: The Northeastern Borderlands in an Age of Revolution, 1760-1820." Thesis, Boston College, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:108579.
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Thesis advisor: Owen StanwoodMaking Nations: The Northeastern Borderlands in an Age of Revolution, 1760-1820 examines migration within northeastern North America, and the gradual formation of a meaningful border between the District of Maine and the Province of New Brunswick. The American Revolution, though it divided the northeast between New England and British North America, did not fundamentally change attitudes toward the borderland. For decades, the region had been a special sort of frontier – a more connected frontier, offering migrants from southern New England better access to Atlantic trade. The post-revolutionary era rapidly reverted to pre-war patterns, as settlers crossed a largely meaningless border looking for fertile land and economic connectivity. These settlers, I argue, were not late loyalists, choosing British territory, or early republicans, choosing the U.S. This was one migration, to the borderland and the similar opportunities on both sides. So how did migration within a shared borderland become immigration across a meaningful border? Post-revolution, both Congregationalists and Catholics began to build networks in Maine that stopped at the border. A Congregational missionary society, the Society for Propagating the Gospel Among the Indians and Others in North America, realized it could secure state funding from Massachusetts by advertising itself as a tool for managing the growing settlements in Maine. State money helped the society grow rapidly, and as similar groups formed they chose to join the pioneer society as partners rather than compete with it. Meanwhile, Congregational women created institutions called “ladies cent societies,” which provided a massive infusion of funding into the system. The resulting Congregational network grew to encompass almost the entire American half of the borderland. At the same time, a Catholic network also grew in Maine, connecting the Catholic Passamaquoddy and Penobscot people to Boston, as well as to Irish Catholics along Maine’s coast. As these networks grew they changed eastern Maine from a place that was attractive because of its connections with British North America, to a place that was attractive because of its connections with New England. These networks made the border meaningful – and immovable. Though politicians on both sides persisted for years in believing they could still adjust the border, they were wrong. It had already taken root
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2019
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: History
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Freney, Sylvie. "Les faubourgs et leur évolution du XVIIIe siècle au milieu du XIXe siècle : étude comparée d'Angers et de Montréal." Angers, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ANGE0023.
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Cette étude sur les faubourgs a pour but de démontrer l'existence et l'importance du rôle des faubourgs dans la croissance et l'aménagement de la ville entre le XVIIIe siècle et le milieu du XIXe siècle. A travers l'exemple des faubourgs d'Angers et de Montréal nous avons pu mettre en perspective trois temps chronologiques. Le premier traitant de leur genèse permet aux faubourgs de se mettre en place autour de la ville. Le faubourg est alors une projection de la ville hors de ses murailles. Le second temps à la jonction des XVIIIe et XIXe siècle voit les faubourgs s'affirmer et devenir les pôles de croissance de la ville tandis que l'articulation ville-faubourg se réalise pleinement, notamment grâce à l'abolition des remparts. Le troisième temps est celui de l'intégration des faubourgs à la ville, la ville s'identifiant désormais à sa cité mais aussi à ses faubourgs. Cette phase d'intégration est marquée par l'émergence au sein des faubourgs de nouveaux espaces signifiants proches de la notion de quartier. Ce travail au-delà d'être une étude spécifique et comparative sur les faubourgs dans deux contextes urbains différents, montre clairement que les faubourgs sont un " repère historique " du temps de la ville permettant de mieux saisir les mécanismes de croissance de la villeThe goal of this Study on the Suburbs is to demonstrate the importance and the existence of the role of the suburbs had in adjustment and growth of the city between the 18th and mid 19th century. We were able to put three chonological time periods in perspective through the example of the Montreal and Angers suburbs. The first time period dealing with developments leading to the creation of the suburbs, allows them to place themselves around the city. The suburb is then the projection of the city outside of its walls. During the second time period around the end of the 18th century and beginning of the 19th century we are seeing the suburbs becoming more independent and becoming the centre of the city's growth, also, because of the abolition of the ramparts the connection between the city and suburb is fully functional. The city identifying itself to its suburbs, the integration of the suburbs to the city represents the third time period. This stage of integration is marked by the emergence of new significant spaces in the suburbs, spaces close to the notion of district. This work clearly shows that the suburbs are an historical reference from the time of the city, allowing to capture the mecanisms of the city's growth, therefore, it goes beyond being specific and comparative study on the suburbs in two different urban context
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Whalen, William Taylor. "Geochemistry of mafic dikes from the Coastal New England magmatic province in southeast Maine, USA and Nova Scotia, Canada." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/90395.
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Mid-Late Triassic-age alkali-basalt dikes were emplaced along the coast of New England between 240-200 Ma. Known as the Coastal New England (CNE) magmatic province, this dike swarm is the immediate magmatic predecessor to the formation of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province large igneous province at 201 Ma and the breakup of Pangea. The intent of this study is to determine the melt source and mechanisms for melting which produced the Triassic coastal dikes. To achieve this goal, major and trace element compositions were analyzed for 53 CNE dikes from Maine and Nova Scotia. Radiogenic Nd-Sr-Pb-Hf ratios, representing some of the first 176Hf/177Hf data for CNE, are reported for 12 of the dikes.
Taken together, the compositional data implicate melting of a deep mantle source that is relatively enriched in incompatible elements, such as a mantle-plume similar to those hypothesized as the source of melting in modern ocean-island basalts (i.e. Hawaii). Dike compositions are inconsistent with melts generated at typical spreading-center ridges (i.e. MORB). Modeling suggests that CNE melts ascended through thick continental crust, consistent with the incipient stages of rifting of Pangea, as evidenced by a heterogeneous mix of melting and crystallization depths, between 0-70km, with no clear geographic pattern. Radiogenic isotope data are relatively consistent and represent a mixture between HIMU, EMI and DMM mantle reservoirs, implying component consisting of relict subducted oceanic crust (or other similarly evolved material). CNE magmatism may have contributed to the breakup of Pangea by destabilizing the lower crust in the limited local area where it erupted, but its true relationship with the breakup of Pangea and later CAMP event requires more study.Master of Science
Approximately 200-250 million years ago, hundreds of sheets of lava, called dikes, erupted along what is today the coast of New England. As these volcanic dikes rose up from the Earth’s mantle, they traveled along cracks and weak areas of the Earth’s crust. Today, these dikes are found along the New England coast as far south as Rhode Island and as far north as Nova Scotia, Canada. Based on the similarity of their geochemistry and petrology, as well as their geologic age and geography of their eruption, geologists group these dikes and similar volcanics together as a single, related magmatic event. This magmatic event produced the Coastal New England (CNE) magmatic province. 250 million years ago, the coast of New England was actually an interior part of the supercontinent known as Pangea. Around 250 m.yr. ago, Pangea slowly began rifting apart, which is when CNE volcanism began. By 200 m.yr. ago, Pangea had broken up, and CNE volcanism had ended. Further complicating the story, a large-igneous province (LIP) also erupted 200 m.yr. ago. Known as the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP), this volcanism consisted of enormous volumes of lava that flooded over the entire east coast of the United States. The intent of this study is to determine what geological conditions led to the CNE volcanism. By learning which part of the Earth melted and why, CNE volcanism’s role in the breakup of Pangea, and the much larger CAMP eruptions that coincided with it, will become clearer. For instance, did the geologic events that resulted in CNE volcanism contribute to the breakup of Pangea, or did the breakup of Pangea cause CNE volcanism followed by CAMP volcanism? To achieve this goal, the geochemical compositions of 53 CNE dikes from Maine and Nova Scotia were analyzed. Radiogenic Nd-Sr-Pb-Hf ratios for a subset of the dikes (12) were also analyzed. This study presents some of the first radiogenic hafnium data for rocks from CNE. The data indicate that the melting which produced the CNE dikes began in the deep mantle, similar to the melting of mantle plumes beneath modern ocean-islands such as Hawaii. In contrast, shallow mantle melting, like the melting at mid-ocean ridges where oceanic crust is produced, is not consistent with the geochemical evidence presented for CNE in this study. Modeling suggests that CNE magmas rose through thick continental crust, which caused them to begin forming crystals at relatively high depths. Radiogenic isotope data suggests that part of the mantle that melted was old, recycled oceanic crust or similar mantle material. CNE magmatism may have contributed to the breakup of Pangea by destabilizing the lower crust in the limited local area where it erupted, but its true relationship with the breakup of Pangea and later CAMP event requires more study.
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Oudot-Simon, Marie-Laure. "Les répercussions de l'emploi atypique en milieu hospitalier : une comparaison entre deux CHU, Angers et Québec." Besançon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BESA1015.
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L'emploi atypique est une forme d'emploi en nette augmentation depuis cette dernière décennie. Un des enjeux de cette appellation est de masquer la précarité qui peut y être associée. Le milieu hospitalier a permis une comparaison entre deux institutions dans des pays différents, mais avec un même fonctionnement de base. De plus, la structure hospitalière apporte la possibilité de mesurer l'impact du statut sur une population soignante ou non. L'objectif de l'étude est de comprendre comment le statut (atypique versus régulier) influence l'individu sur la perception qu'il a de son travail et de sa santé. L'utilisation de questionnaire a facilité l'approche des répondants et a permis de mesurer plusieurs indicateurs de santé physique et mentale ainsi qu'organisationnelle. Un retour de 729 questionnaires a été dénombré. Les résultats montrent que le statut interfère dans le rapport au travail. Les personnes en emploi régulier accordent une plus grande place à leur travail que les salariés atypiques. Ils ont le sentiment de bénéficier de plus de diversités dans la tâche et de compétences. Cependant, rien n'implique que le bien-être de l'individu soit menacé dans cet emploi. La satisfaction de l’emploi atypique ou régulier semble un facteur déterminant. Plus les individus sont satisfaits, meilleur est leur bien-être et leur rapport au travail. Par ailleurs, il semble que les hospitaliers québécois aient également un rapport privilégié à leur travail, ils ressentent plus de détresse psychologique en comparaison avec les hospitaliers français. Enfin, il n'existe pas de différences entre les soignants et non soignants en ce qui concerne la santé psychologique. Par contre, il semble que l'individu soignant perçoit plus de contraintes et d'exigences de poste que le reste du personnel, ceci de manière accrue quand il est en emploi atypiqueAtypical work is a type of employment in augmentation in the last decade. One of the objectives with this label is to hide the precariousness which can be associated there. The hospital environment allowed a comparison between two institutions in different countries, but with the same basic functioning. Furthermore, the hospital structure brings the possibility to evaluate the impact of the worker status on a "health provider" population. The objective of this study is to understand how the status (atypical versus regular) influences the individual's perception he has of his work and his health. The use of survey facilitated the approach. It also helped to measure numerous indicators of physical and mental health as well as of organizational structure. A return of 729 questionnaires was counted. The results show that the status influences the perception of one's work. The participants in regular employment evaluate more important their work than the atypical employees. They also have the feeling to benefit from more diversity in their task and skills. However, nothing implies that the well-being of the individual is threatened in this type of employment. The satisfaction seems to be a decisive factor. More the individuals are satisfied better is their well-being and their report in the work. Besides, it seems that the Quebec hospital workers also have a different relation to their work; they feel more psychological distress in comparison to the French hospital workers. Finally, there are no differences between the caring and not caring jobs as regards to job psychological health. On the other hand, it seems that the individuals in caring perceive more constraints, more requirements of their jobs than the rest of the staff, and this in a greater way when in an atypical employment
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Moran, Mallory Leigh. ""Mehtaqtek, Where The Path Comes To An End": Documenting Cultural Landscapes Of Movement In Wolastoqiyik (Maliseet) First Nation Territory In New Brunswick, Canada, And Maine, United States." W&M ScholarWorks, 2020. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1593091534.
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The Saint John River emerges from tributaries in the highlands of the state of Maine, arcs north and east into the province of New Brunswick, then winds southward, through vast marshlands, before it empties into the Bay of Fundy. For part of its journey, it forms the international border between Canada and the United States. This river, the Wolastoq, and its large drainage basin and tributaries, forms the heart of the homelands of the Wolastoqiyik (Maliseet) First Nation. For many hundreds of years before contact with Europeans, and well into the 19th century, the Wolastoqiyik navigated the land- and waterscapes of Wolastokuk, developing a suite of sophisticated watercraft technologies, as well as wayfinding techniques. These movement practices have left a legacy in the landscape, apparent on historic maps in placenames, and evident archaeologically in the remains of portage routes. Portages, trails or roads over which canoes and goods would be carried, connected stretches of navigable water along the coast and between interior rivers. These trails permitted travel in any direction across the Maritime Peninsula. This network of portages and waterways constitutes a cultural landscape that reflects the movement of Wolastoq'kew people over generations. Interpreting the archaeological signatures left by traditionally mobile peoples remains a challenge for archaeologists. Trails and roads, while representing an opportunity to observe movement in the archaeological record, challenge traditional notions of the site with their large spatial scales and linear, networked forms. Portages, which shifted locations according to seasons and water conditions, add an additional layer of complexity. New interpretive frameworks are needed that account for the way Wolastoq'kew people have understood and navigated this landscape. This dissertation addresses this problem by investigating how ideas about landscape and wayfinding are retained in and expressed through Passamaquoddy-Maliseet, the Algonquian language spoken by Wolastoqiyik. It aggregates and assesses a corpus of historic toponyms first collected at the turn of the 20th century, just as canoe travel was beginning to decline, by three scholars working in Maine and New Brunswick: Edwin Tappan Adney, Fannie Hardy Eckstorm, and William Francis Ganong. Passamaquoddy-Maliseet toponyms are richly descriptive, reflecting a detailed ecological and geographic knowledge of Wolastokuk, its seasons, tides, and flows. In addition, the toponym corpus describes an understanding of the landscape that is connected to movement through it, from the perspective of a person out on the water. This dissertation demonstrates the value of turning to language to better understand the Wolastoqwey landscape, and contributes to broader anthropological conversations about the relationship between human practice and landscape conceptualization.
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Monaghan, David W. "Canada's "New main street": The Trans-Canada Highway as idea and reality, 1912-1956." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq20980.pdf.
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Tillman, Joseph M. "An examination of ocean policy development in Canada." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ54966.pdf.
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Gallant, Robert. "Tight orthogonal main effect plans." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq21347.pdf.
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Ettenger, Kreg Todd Castro A. H. Peter. "Siipii, uuchii, minishtikw, istchii [river, mountain, island, land] Development, conflict and local knowledge in Eeyou Istchee, northern Quebec /." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.
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Poirier, Lisa J. M. Arnold Philip P. Long Charles H. "Translators and converts religion, exchange, and orientation in colonial New France, 1608 - 1680 /." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.
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Purves, Glenn Timothy. "Economic aspects of AES marine weather services in marine applications, a case study of Atlantic Canada." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq24897.pdf.
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Cameron, Christopher A. "The development of selective fish harvesting technologies in Atlantic Canada." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0006/MQ42359.pdf.
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Vos, Timothy P. "Explaining media policy American political broadcasting policy in comparative context (The Netherlands, Canada) /." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.
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Lachance, Gabriel. "Développement d’une sonde fibrée pour l’analyse de la luminance spectrale sous-marine." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67761.
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Avec les changements climatiques, l’Arctique canadien se réchauffe et change d’année en année. Ces transformations affectent plusieurs aspects de l’écologie nordique. Elles doivent être surveillées afin d’être en mesure de les comprendre et d’anticiper les variations futures. L’élément principal des changements climatiques visé par ce projet est l’effet de la fonte des glaces sur l’apport en luminosité sous-marine spécifique à la photosynthèse des lacs nordiques canadiens. Ce projet résulte de la demande grandissante en instruments de surveillance. Il propose un prototype pour un système de collecte de la luminosité sous-marine pour les longueurs d’onde visibles qui sont d’intérêt pour l’étude des écosystèmes aquatiques. Le système se fonde sur des sondes à fibres optiques pour recueillir la lumière. La transmission du signal optique du point de collecte jusqu’à une unité de traitement permet une plus grande flexibilité concernant les sondes sous-marines comparativement aux senseurs électroniques commerciaux. Le prototype comprend plusieurs sondes optiques pour étudier différents angles ou profondeurs sous marines. Un spectrophotomètre permet d’analyser les bandes spectrales d’intérêt et une unité de contrôle permet de recueillir le signal des photodiodes et de sauvegarder de l’information. Un assemblage mécanique soutient et protège le système dans des conditions extrêmes. Le prototype a été déployé in situ et les données ont été analysées. En conclusion, les améliorations pouvant être apportées au système sont identifiées à partir de l’expérience acquise pendant le développement et le déploiement du prototype ainsi qu’à partir des données recueillies par celui-ci.With the advent of climate change, the Canadian arctic is heating up and is changing from year to year. These transformations affect many aspects of the northern ecology. They need to be monitored as to be able to understand and predict the changes to come. The principal aspect of those changes aimed at in this project revolves around the effect of the melting of the ice cover on the underwater light intensity specifically used for the photosynthesis process in northern Canadian lakes. This project ensues from the necessity of monitoring instrument for those changes. It describes a prototype for an underwater light-gathering system focused on the visible wavelengths that are of interest for the study of aquatic ecosystems. The system is based on fiber optic probes to collect light. Optical signal transmission from the collection point to a processing unit offers a more flexible approach for underwater sensors compared to the more conventional electronic sensors. The prototype uses many optical sensors to gather light from different angles or depth underwater. A spectrometer is used to analyse the different wavelength bands of interest and a control unit is used to collect the signal from the photodiodes and record data. A custom mechanical setup protects and holds the system against extreme conditions. The prototype was deployed in the field and the data gathered were analysed. To conclude, some upgrades to the system were identified from the experience acquired while conceiving and deploying the instrument and from the data analysed as well.
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Nelson, Caitlin Jean. "Contaminant exposure in marine foraging river otters from Victoria, British Columbia, Canada." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43482.
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Past industrial activities on Southern Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada have resulted in localized polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) contamination in the near shore marine environment. The ecological impacts of new and residual contaminants on wildlife species in this area are unknown. North American river otters (Lontra canadensis) are ideal biological indicators for aquatic ecosystem health and can be useful monitors for environmental and anthropogenic stressors on wildlife. Non-invasive scat sampling is an effective tool for studying aspects of river otter ecology without disrupting their natural behavior. Interpretation of river otter data derived from scat however can be limited without validation with live animal data. By combining scat sampling with live animal sampling I was able to compare the two sources of data to assess the effectiveness of non-invasive techniques. I investigated (i) home range analysis and spatial patterns through radio-telemetry to inform (ii) an assessment of environmental contaminant exposure and potential adverse health effects. Fixed kernel home range estimates revealed limited ranges, localized exposure and potential small scale population structuring. This indicates that only the river otters inhabiting the contaminated sites are being exposed to high levels of PCBs. Mean PCB concentrations in river otter blood and feces were significantly higher in harbour sites relative to the rest of the study area. Contaminant patterns between the two sample types were comparable and support the use of non-invasive sampling for investigating environmental contamination. Non-invasive hormone measures were used as indicators for contaminant related effects. Although there were differences between harbour and non-harbour sites, it is not clear the patterns were associated with contaminants.
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Heck, Nadine. "Assessing management effectiveness : indicators for marine protected areas in British Columbia, Canada." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.540779.
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Nader, Athir. "Engineering Characteristics of Sensitive Marine Clays - Examples of Clays in Eastern Canada." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30670.
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Sensitive marine clay in Ottawa is a challenging soil for geotechnical engineers. This type of clay behaves differently than other soils in Canada or other parts of the world. They also have different engineering characteristic values in comparison to other clays. Cone penetration testing in sensitive marine clays is also different from that carried out in other soils. The misestimation of engineering characteristics from cone penetration testing can result. Temperature effects have been suspected as the reason for negative readings and erroneous estimations of engineering characteristics from cone penetration testing. Furthermore, the applicability of correlations between cone penetration test (CPT) results and engineering characteristics is ambiguous. Moreover, it is important that geotechnical engineers who need to work with these clays have background information on their engineering characteristics.
This thesis provides comprehensive information on the engineering characteristics and behaviour of sensitive marine clays in Ottawa. This information will give key information to geotechnical engineers who are working with these clays on their behaviour. For the purpose of this research, fifteen sites in the Ottawa area are taken into consideration. These sites included alternative technical data from cone and standard penetration tests, undisturbed samples, field vanes, and shear wave velocity measurements. Laboratory testing carried out for these sites has resulted in acquiring engineering parameters of the marine clay, such as preconsolidation pressure, overconsolidation ratio, compression and recompression indexes, secondary compression index, coefficient of consolidation, hydraulic conductivity, clay fraction, porewater chemistry, specific gravity, plasticity, moisture content, unit weight, void ratio, and porosity. This thesis also discusses other characteristics of sensitive marine clays in Ottawa, such as their activity, sensitivity, structure, interface shear behaviour, and origin and sedimentation.
Furthermore, for the purpose of increasing local experience with the use of cone and ball penetrometers in sensitive marine clays in Ottawa, three types of penetrometer tips are used in the Canadian Geotechnical Research Site No. 1 located in south-west Ottawa: 36 mm cone tip, and 40 mm and 113 mm ball tips. The differences in their response in sensitive marine clays will be discussed. The temperature effects on the penetrometer equipment are also studied. The differences in the effect of temperature on these tips are discussed. Correlations between the penetrometer results and engineering characteristics of Ottawa's clays are verified.
The applicability of correlations between the testing results and engineering characteristics of sensitive marine clays in Ottawa is also presented in this thesis. Two correlations from the Canadian Foundation Engineering Manual are examined. One of these correlations is between the N60 values from standard penetration testing and undrained shear strength. The other correlation is between the shear wave velocity measurement and site class. Temperature corrections are suggested and discussed for penetrometer equipment according to laboratory calibrations. The significance of the effects due to radical temperature changes in Canada and Ottawa is discussed.
Some of the main findings from this research are as follows.
• The Canadian Foundation Engineering Manual presents a correlation between standard penetration tests (SPTs) and the undrained shear strength of soils. This relationship may not be applicable to sensitive marine clays in Ottawa.
• Another correlation between the site class, shear wave velocity, and undrained shear strength is presented by this same manual which may not be applicable to sensitive marine clays in Ottawa.
• The rotation rate for field vane testing as recommended by ASTM D2573 is slow for sensitive marine clays in Ottawa.
• Correction factors applied to undrained shear strength from laboratory vane tests may not result in comparable values with the undrained shear strength obtained by using field vane tests.
• Loading schemes in consolidation or oedometer testing may affect the quality of the targeted results.
• Temperature corrections should be applied to penetrometer recordings to compensate for the drift in the results of these recordings due to temperature changes.
• The secondary compression index to compression index ratio presented in the literature may not be the value obtained from this research.
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Macnab, Paul Andrew. "Maps and traps, a geographer's perspective on fishing and marine protected areas in Bonavista Bay, Newfoundland." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0005/MQ30581.pdf.
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Cashman, Patrick Bradley. "Problematic marine palynomorphs from the Silurian-Devonian Gaspé Limestones, Gaspé Peninsula, Quebec, Canada." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1995. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ23931.pdf.
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Flynn, Terence Timothy. "Organizational crisis public relations management in Canada and the United States Constructing a predictive model of crisis /." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.
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Awadallah, Sherif Abdel Monem. "Architecture and depositional history of the lower cloridorme formation, Gaspé Peninsula, Québec, Canada /." Internet access available to MUN users only, 2002. http://collections.mun.ca/u?/theses,32627.
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Stritch, Rebecca A. (Rebecca Ann) Carleton University Dissertation Earth Sciences. "Early Cretaceous (Albian) foraminifera in Northwestern and Central Alberta, Canada; biostratigraphy and paleoenvironmental changes." Ottawa, 1997.
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Jones, Sharon L. "The economic trend in immigration policy: a comparative analysis of the entrepreneur/investor program in Canada, United States and Australia." Related Electronic Resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.
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Wang, Bing-wu. "A study of the role and contribution of amorphous materials in marine soils of eastern Canada /." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74567.
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This thesis first attempts to characterize amorphous material with respect to its performance in the marine soils from an engineering viewpoint, by selecting and testing some marine soils sampled in East Canada. The second concern of this study is to develop a better understanding of particle interaction between clay and amorphous material complexes and the mechanism of soil performance.Soil properties and behavior are not only controlled by the quantity, but also by the composition or type of amorphous materials. The mass ratio, defined as Fe$ sb2$O$ sb3$/(Fe$ sb2$O$ sb3$ + SiO$ sb2$) in units of mass, can be used as a parameter to evaluate the effect of amorphous composition. By changing the mass ratio, which in effect changes the composition, soil properties/behavior can be altered. Shear strength, consistency limits and suction all increase with an increase in amorphous content, but vary with mass ratio. Maximum shear strength and minimum consistency limits and suction are observed for soils with amorphous material composed at a critical mass ratio of 0.40. Soil properties are significantly related to the soil's acidity/alkalinity (pH), due directly to the pH dependency of surface charges of amorphous solid particles.
The basic mechanism that governs the soil's performance arises primarily from the very active surface characteristics, i.e. the large surface area and high surface charge, of the amorphous material complex. The roles played by this special soil constituent can be generalized in two functions: water holding capacity and bonding action. While the large surface area necessitates a rise in the soil's water holding capability, the high surface charge enhances the bonding action in-between clay particles. Significant cation bridging and hydrogen bonding, and strong electro-static attractive force established in the silica-iron amorphous complex, especially at the mass ratio 0.40, contribute to the high shear strength observed in the soil.
The laboratory-prepared soil samples showed a good behavioral simulation to the natural marine soils in East Canada and, hence, a much clearer picture for understanding the sensitivity of such soils as Quebec Champlain Sea clays, as well as the general soil problems related to the roles played by the amorphous materials, is achieved. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Johnson, Alexander James Cook. "Charting the imperial will : colonial administration & the General Survey of British North America, 1764-1775." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3458.
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This dissertation explores how colonial administrators on each side of the Atlantic used the British Survey of North America to serve their governments’ as well as their personal objectives. Specifically, it connects the execution and oversight of the General Survey in the northern and southern theatres, along with the intelligence it provided, with the actions of key decision-makers and influencers, including the Presidents of the Board of Trade (latterly, the Secretaries of the American Department) and key provincial governors. Having abandoned their posture of ‘Salutary Neglect’ towards colonial affairs in favour of one that proactively and more centrally sought ways to develop and exploit their North American assets following the Severn Years’ War, the British needed better geographic information to guide their decision making. Thus, the General Survey of British North America, under the umbrella of the Board of Trade, was conceived. Officially sponsored from 1764-1775, the programme aimed to survey and analyse the attributes and economic potential of Britain’s newly acquired regions in North America, leading to an accurate general map of their North American empire when joined to other regional mapping programmes. The onset of the American Revolution brought an inevitable end to the General Survey before a connected map could be completed. Under the excellent leadership of Samuel Holland, the surveyor general of the Northern District, however, the British administration received surveys and reports that were of great relevance to high-level administration. In the Southern District, Holland’s counterpart, the mercurial William Gerard De Brahm, while producing reports of high quality, was less able to juggle the often conflicting priorities of provincial and London-based stakeholders. Consequently, results were less successful. De Brahm was recalled in 1771, leaving others to complete the work.
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Choi, Francis Ming Pong. "Assessing intertidal marine non-indigenous species in Canadian ports." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/36924.
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The establishment of non-indigenous species in natural ecosystems is a growing concern at global, national, and regional scales. Over 100 known marine non-indigenous species (NIS) are found along the Pacific and Atlantic coasts of Canada. It is widely believed that commercial shipping activities associated with international ports (e.g. ballast water discharge, hull fouling) could expose native communities to a variety of NIS. Thus, harbours are recognized as critical entry points for NIS and, pending establishment, can serve as invasion hubs for secondary dispersal vectors (e.g. recreational boats). The aim of this study was to characterize intertidal NIS distributions among ports on the Pacific and Atlantic coasts of Canada and to determine if commercial shipping activities (ballast water discharge, vessel arrivals) can be directly linked to the observed patterns of established NIS. Sixteen major international ports in Canada were surveyed for species composition and abiotic conditions, including both environmental and anthropogenic factors. Species diversity for both NIS and native species were found to be significantly different between the Pacific and the Atlantic intertidal communities. Although both NIS and native species had higher diversity on the Pacific coast, the Invasion index, a novel measurement of the degree of invasion developed in this thesis, demonstrated that the Atlantic coast was actually more invaded by NIS than the Pacific.
No direct link was found between commercial shipping activities and the distribution patterns of established intertidal NIS in Canadian ports. Instead, NIS distributions were found to be strongly related to salinity, sediment type, human population, aquaculture and latitude on the Pacific coast and human disturbance at docks, latitude and salinity on the Atlantic coast. In contrast to what was previously suggested, these results demonstrated that ballast water discharge and vessel arrival frequency were not detected as the main variables towards NIS establishment success. However, this study highlighted the importance of environmental conditions and local anthropogenic vectors in the establishment of NIS in new regions. Future research in conservation and management of invaded communities should include environmental conditions and the risk posed by anthropogenic activities, in addition to commercial shipping, when characterizing invasion dynamics.
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Doyle, Garry. "The role of soil in the external corrosion of cast-iron water mains in Toronto, Canada." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0020/MQ53372.pdf.
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Jolivel, Maxime. "Érosion du pergélisol, transport fluvial et sédimentation marine, côte est de la baie d'Hudson, Nunavik, Canada." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25562.
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Cette thèse présente une étude du système érosion-transport-sédimentation en milieu de thermokarst dans un contexte de réchauffement climatique. La zone d’étude comprend le bassin versant de la rivière Sheldrake, 5 km au nord du village Umiujaq au Nunavik, ainsi qu’une zone de 15 km2 au large de son embouchure, dans le Passage de Nastapoka, en baie d’Hudson. Trois axes majeurs sont considérés: 1- l’étude des conditions de pergélisol et l’estimation quantitative des masses et volumes de sédiments et de carbone érodés à l’échelle du bassin versant ; 2- la mesure du régime hydrologique et sédimentaire du principal vecteur de transport, la rivière Sheldrake ; 3- la bathymétrie, la sédimentologie et la mesure des apports sédimentaires et organiques dans le milieu marin côtier au large de l’embouchure de la rivière. Dans le bassin versant de la rivière Sheldrake, le pergélisol s’est considérablement dégradé au cours des 50 dernières années, particulièrement dans la toundra forestière. La subsidence des lithalses, des palses, des plateaux de pergélisol et des plateaux palsiques engendre la formation de mares de thermokarst. De nombreux glissements de terrain et des ravins d’érosion sont également actifs et favorisent le rejet de sédiments dans le réseau fluvial. Avec la dégradation du pergélisol, la connectivité hydrologique augmente, ce qui facilite l’évacuation des sédiments et du carbone via le cours d’eau principal. Dans cet environnement thermokarstique, la charge sédimentaire fluviale en suspension est plus importante en été alors que les températures élevées de l’air commandent le dégel des sols, favorisant l’activation des ostioles et le déclenchement des glissements de terrain. Les pluies estivales permettent le transport et l’évacuation des sédiments en baie d’Hudson. Parvenus en mer, les sédiments et le carbone transportés en suspension subissent une forte dispersion à cause de l’intensité des courants marins du Passage de Nastapoka. Il en résulte l’absence d’une augmentation mesurable du taux de sédimentation. En revanche, la composition isotopique du carbone sédimentaire montre que la fraction terrigène a augmenté depuis le Petit Âge Glaciaire et que ce phénomène s’est considérablement accéléré vers la fin du 20ème siècle. Il est suggéré que la dégradation du pergélisol contribue à cette augmentation, quoique ce ne soit pas le seul facteur qu’on puisse invoquer.This thesis studies the system erosion-transport-sedimentation in a thermokastic area, in a context of warming climate. The study area encompasses the catchment of the Sheldrake River, 5 km north of the village Umiujaq, Nunavik, and a 15 km2 area off its mouth, in the Nastapoka Sound, in Hudson Bay. Three main axes are considered: 1- study of permafrost conditions and quantitative estimate of the volumes and masses of eroded sediment and organic carbon at the scale of the catchment; 2- measurements of the hydrological and sedimentary regime of the main vector of transport, the Sheldrake River; 3- bathymetry, sedimentology and measurements of mineral and organic inputs in the coastal marine environment, off the river mouth. In the Sheldrake River catchment, permafrost has considerably degraded during the last 50 years, particularly in the forested tundra. Subsidence of lithalsas, palsas, permafrost plateaus and peat plateaus leads to the formation of thermokarst ponds. Many landslides and erosion gullies are also active and favor inputs of sediments in the fluvial network. Because of permafrost decay, hydrological connectivity increases, facilitating evacuation of sediment and carbon through the river. In this thermokarstic environment, the fluvial sedimentary load in suspension is more important during summer when high air temperatures provoke soils thawing, favoring frostboils activation and triggering of landslides. Summer rainfalls allow sediment transport and evacuation in Hudson Bay. Once in the sea, the sediments and carbon in suspension are dispersed because of the intensity of the marine currents in the Nastapoka Sounds. This results in an absence of a measurable increase of sedimentation rates. However, the isotopic composition of sedimentary carbon shows that the terrestrial fraction has increased since the Little Ice Age and that this trend has significantly accelerated since the end of the 20th century. It is suggested that permafrost decay contributes to this increase, although it is not the only proposed source.
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Straight, William Herbert. "Stratigraphic Distribution, Taphonomy, and Isotope Paleoecology of the Dinosaurian Fauna in the latest Campanian lower Horseshoe Canyon Formation, Alberta, Canada." NCSU, 2003. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-05122003-193130/.
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Vertebrate fossils in the lower Horseshoe Canyon Formation are remains of dinosaurs, crocodilians, champsosaurs, turtles, and fish supported during the last ~2 m.y. of the Campanian by a coastal lake-strewn wetland occupying what is now south-central Alberta, Canada. Bones accumulated on the floodplain through attritional mortality and are preserved unweathered except for surface polish, scratches, and mottling characteristic of bioturbation during rapid burial in fine-grained sediment. Fossil-bearing sites cluster stratigraphically in laterally extensive horizons between thicker less fossil-rich intervals of similar fluvial strata. These horizons, formed by a long-term balance between bone supply, accommodation, and depositional rate, result from a newly recognized ?floodplain fill? mode of preservation for vertebrate fossils and are analogous to marine condensed sections. Like condensed sections, these fossiliferous horizons lie adjacent to lithostratigraphic surfaces created by stillstands in base-level. Together, hiatal surfaces and fossiliferous horizons reveal repeating rhythms in the facies distribution and fluvial architecture. These rhythms, ?packages? of strata bounded by hiatal surfaces, arose through two scales of variation in base-level: a grand-scale base-level cycle reflecting tectonic control during the construction of the clastic wedge, and a smaller ?package?-scale cycle reflecting Milankovitch control over local climate and precipitation. Both the fluvial architecture and the accumulations of fossils are a consequence of this change in accommodation and sediment supply through time. Fossil evidence does not indicate a faunal change through time, but changes in climate through time resulted in a reduction in organic-rich mudrocks and coal, an increase in soil development, and changes in the dominant configuration for fossil preservation from sparse bonebeds to microsites. Climate change was also investigated through stable oxygen isotopes in tyrannosaur tooth enamel phosphate, which daily recorded the response of surface (drinking) water to changes in humidity and temperature. The enamel isotopic record shows a transition from highly variable, seasonal climate to relatively constant conditions, consistent with the interpretation of change in the stratigraphy and taphonomy. This combined application of architectural stratigraphy, vertebrate taphonomy, and stable isotope paleoecology represents a new approach for paleontologists interested in evaluating changes through geologic time in paleoenvironment and animal communities in a fluvial succession.
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Pizzolato, Larissa Anna Vincenza. "Arctic Shipping in Canada: Analysis of Sea Ice, Shipping, and Vessel Track Reconstruction." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/33156.
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Declining sea ice area in the Canadian Arctic has gained significant attention with respect to the prospect of increased shipping activities along the Northwest Passage and Arctic Bridge shipping routes. Temporal trend and correlation analysis was performed on sea ice area data for total, first-year ice (FYI), and multi-year ice (MYI), and observed shipping activity within the Vessel Traffic Reporting Arctic Canada Traffic Zone (NORDREG zone) from 1990 to 2012. Relationships between declines in sea ice area and Arctic maritime activity were investigated alongside linkages to warming surface air temperatures (SAT) and an increasing melt season length. Statistically significant increases in vessel traffic were observed on monthly and annual time-scales, coincident with declines in sea ice area. Despite increasing trends, only weak correlations between the variables were identified, suggesting that other non-environmental factors have likely contributed to the observed increase in Arctic shipping activity including tourism demand, community re-supply needs, and resource exploration trends.
As a first step towards quantifying spatial variability in shipping patterns, a case study was conducted using 2010 observed shipping data to reconstruct historical shipping routes using a least cost path (LCP) approach. This approach was able to successfully reconstruct vessel tracks compared to an independent data source (Automatic Identification System) to an accuracy of 10.42 km ± 0.67 km over the entire study area. A 25 km gridded product across the entire Canadian Arctic domain was produced for 2010, with this approach now providing a basis to apply this method over the entire record (since 1990) in future studies to investigate long term spatial variability and change of shipping activity across the Canadian Arctic.
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Al-Umar, Mohammad. "GIS Based Assessment of Climate-induced Landslide Susceptibility of Sensitive Marine Clays in the Ottawa Region, Canada." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37218.
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Landslides are relatively frequent in Ottawa due to the presence of sensitive marine clays (Leda clay or Champlain Sea clay), and the presence of natural or climatic triggers such as rainfall or snowmelt. A geographic information system (GIS) based modeling tool has been developed to assess and predict climate (rainfall and snowmelt)-induced landslides in the sensitive marine clays of the Ottawa region. The Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid-based Regional Slope-Stability (TRIGRS) model is used in a GIS framework to investigate the influence of rainfall and snowmelt on shallow landslides through the Ottawa region, with respect to time and location.
First, the GIS and TRIGRS models are combined to assess landslide susceptibility with respect to rainfall. The GIS-TRIGRS approach requires topographic, geologic, hydrologic, and geotechnical information of the study area. In addition to this technical information (input data), rainfall intensity data for different durations (5 minutes, and 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours), and historical data of the regional landslides is required. This data is used to verify the locations of predicted landslide-susceptible areas with respect to historical landslide maps in the area. The generated results from the GIS-TRIGRS model were verified by comparing the predicted and historical locations of shallow landslides induced by rainfall throughout the Ottawa region. The comparison results showed a high correlation between the predicted areas of landslides and the previously reported landslides. In addition, the results also indicated that not all previous landslides in Leda clays were triggered by rainfall.
The second application of the developed GIS-TRIGRS approach was used to assess and predict snowmelt-induced landslides in areas of sensitive marine clay in the Ottawa region. Similar to the first analysis, the approach requires the following input data: topographic, geologic, hydrologic, geotechnical, snowmelt intensity data for various periods (6–48 hours, 3–15 days, 25 days, and 30 days), This approach also requires data indicating the location of historical landslides in the study area. Using this data, we examine both the timing and location of shallow landslides due to snowmelt in a GIS-based framework. The developed model was validated by comparing the predicted landslide-susceptible areas to historical landslide maps in the study area. A high correlation between predicted and historical landslide location trends was obtained, confirming that the developed GIS-TRIGRS model can predict the snowmelt-induced landslide susceptibility in the sensitive marine clays relatively well. The model results reinforced the conclusion that areas with high slopes and sensitive marine clays were more prone to snowmelt-induced landslides.
Finally, in a Geographic Information System (GIS) the landslide occurrence susceptibility in the Ottawa area was modeled. Results of such models are presented as maps showing landslide susceptibility in Champlain Sea clays (Leda clays) in the Ottawa area due to both rainfall and snowmelt. Various input data was collected and entered into a GIS and TRIGRS model. The main categories of such inputs are climate, topography, geology, hydrology, and geotechnical data. The rainfall and snowmelt intensity data was extracted for 24 to 48 hour periods from Environment and Climate Change Canada historical climate records. Thereafter, the factor of safety was calculated in order to determine the stability of slopes across the study area. The model assesses the effects of rainfall and snowmelt on landslide occurrence, and based on the calculated factor of safety at each pixel of the study area, the model calculates the landslide susceptibility.
The results presented in this thesis will provide a geotechnical basis for making appropriate engineering decisions during slope management and land use planning in the Ottawa region.
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Presello, Daniel A. "Studies on breeding of maize for resistance to ear rots caused by Fusarium spp. and on the occurrence of viruses in maize in eastern Canada." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=38260.
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Responses from pedigree selection for resistance to gibberella ear rot were assessed in four maize (Zea mays L.) populations, two selected after inoculation of Fusarium graminearum (Schwabe) macroconidia into the silk channel and two selected after inoculation into developing kernels. Responses were significant in both populations selected for silk resistance and in one of the populations selected for kernel resistance. Selection was more effective in later generations and genetic gains were associated with among-family selection but not with within-family selection. Results obtained here indicate that responses to selection could be more efficiently obtained by applying high selection intensities in advanced generations, by managing earlier generations as bulks and by reducing the number of plants per family. In another experiment, a wide sample of Argentine maize germplasm was evaluated for silk and kernel resistance to gibberella ear rot and to fusarium ear rot (caused by F. verticillioides (Saccardo) Nirenberg [=F. moniliforme (Sheldon)]. Several entries exhibited disease resistance in comparison with local check hybrids, particularly for fusarium ear rot, the most prevalent ear rot in Argentina. Results obtained in this study suggested the presence of general mechanisms controlling silk and kernel resistance to both diseases. In a supplementary study, viral diseases were surveyed in maize fields from the provinces of Ontario and Quebec in 1999 and 2000. Barley yellow dwarf was found in 1999. Sugarcane mosaic, maize dwarf mosaic and wheat streak mosaic were found in 2000. These diseases were not important for grain-maize planted in May, the most prevalent kind of maize crop in these provinces. Some of these diseases, such as sugarcane maize mosaic and maize dwarf mosaic were found important only in maize fields planted during or after the month of June, and this is of commercial relevance only for sweet corn.
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Tremblay, Sylvie C. R. "La marine royale canadienne, 1919-1936 : une progression relative envers et contre tout." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/7832.
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Cette these examine la Marine royale canadienne (M.R.C.) pour la periode 1919-1936. L'auteure etudie d'une facon approfondie les objectifs a long terme de l'etat-major de la Marine. Le probleme pose est le suivant: quels etaient ces buts et comment l'etat-major comptait-il les atteindre tout en respectant les orientations tres souvent contraires a sa volonte que lui dictaient les gouvernements federaux de l'epoque? L'auteure est d'avis que par le biais des exercises et des activites entrepris, la creation de forces de reserve et l'entrai nement dispense aux hommes, l'etat-major de la Marine cherchait quatre choses: interesser la population et les hommes politiques canadiens a son sort; posseder une force composee de marins competents et efficaces; disposer d'une flotte convenable pour assurer la defense des cotes canadiennes; enfin, canadianiser la M.R.C. afin de plaire aux desirs d'autonomie de la population canadienne. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Gimblett, Richard Howard. "Gunboat diplomacy, mutiny and national identity in the postwar Royal Canadian Navy : the cruise of HMCS Crescent to China, 1949." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ48979.pdf.
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Leroy, Yannick. "Cartographie critique de réalités géographiques : cas de planification de l'espace marin, analyse comparée franco-canadienne." Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT2044/document.
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La Planification Spatiale Marine (PSM) est le nouveau dispositif des États modernes cherchant à aménager l’espace marin au sein de leurs juridictions maritimes nationales. Pour ce faire, la PSM repose sur les connaissances de certaines disciplines scientifiques et la puissance des géo-technologies (ex. SIG) pour informer et cartographier les conditions existantes en mer. Comme de nombreux contextes normatifs d’aménagement de l’espace géographique, ce dispositif centre son exercice décisionnel sur l’acquisition, le traitement et la représentation cartographique de données relatives aux monde humain (activités) et non-humain (écosystèmes), ici en mer. Leur information et cartographie instituent ainsi sur plan, une certaine réalité géographique. Or dans ces conditions particulières, il a été constaté une "couche manquante" d’informations : un "paysage humain et social" produit notamment par les activités de pêche en mer. Ce travail de thèse de géographie humaine vise à informer et cartographier cette "couche manquante" par une démarche exploratoire, qualitative et comparative. Celle-ci permet de rendre visible une autre réalité géographique existante et observable en mer. Il s’agit d’un assemblage complexe et dynamique de lieux discrets et sensibles, liés par des pratiques sociotechniques de pêche, faisant émerger des territorialités singulières. Aussi l’information et la cartographie de cette "couche manquante" permettent dès lors de questionner les réels tenants et aboutissants de la PSM en action, de mettre en perspective les enjeux qu’elle fait naître et d’ouvrir les horizons géographiques pour la mobilisation de cette autre réalité géographique. En somme, l’information et la cartographie de cette "couche manquante" se trouvent être un des nombreux enjeux démocratiques de ce début de XXIe siècleThe Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) is the new device from modern states looking to manage marine space within their maritime jurisdictions. MSP relies on the knowledge of some scientific disciplines and the power of geo-technologies (ex. GIS) to inform and map the existing conditions of the sea. Like numerous other normative management frameworks of geographic space, this device uses the acquisition, the treatment and the cartographic representation of the data pertaining to the human (activities) and non-human (ecosystem) world to make decisions, here offshore. A certain geographic reality is hence established by the information gained from this mapping. Yet, in these specific conditions, a "missing layer" was observed: a "social and human landscape" was shaped by fishing activities. Therefore, this research on human geography aims to inform and map this “missing layer” by using exploratory, qualitative, and comparative methods. This allow to make visible another existing and observable geographic reality into the sea. This is a matter of a complex and dynamic gathering of discrete and sensible places, linked by sociotechnical fishing practices, emerging dynamic territories. Also the information and mapping of this “missing layer” therefore permits for the questioning of the real ins and outs of MSP in action, to bring to light spatial justice issues which it does emerge and to open geographic horizons for the mobilization of this other geographic reality. In sum, the information and mapping of “missing layer” are one of the multiple democratic issues of the beginning of this 21th century
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Billington, Tyler. "Sedimentologic and Petrographic Evidence of Flow Confinement In a Passive Continental Margin Slope Channel Complex, Isaac Formation, Windermere Supergroup, British Columbia, Canada." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39727.
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At the Castle Creek study area in east-central British Columbia a well-exposed section about 450 m wide and 30 m thick in the (Neoproterozoic) Isaac Formation was analyzed to document vertical and lateral changes in a succession of distinctively heterolithic strata. Strata are interpreted to have been deposited on a deep-marine levee that was sandwiched between its genetically related channel on one side and an erosional escarpment sculpted by an older (underlying) channel on the other. Flows that overspilled the channel (incident flow) eventually encountered the escarpment, which then set up a return flow oriented more or less opposite to the incident (from the channel) flow. This created an area of complex flow that became manifested in the sedimentary record as a highly tabular succession of intricately interstratified sand and mud overlain by an anomalously thick, plane-parallel interlaminated sand-mud unit capped finally by a claystone.
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Coucopoulos, Zoï. "Les mains sacrilèges : les représentations sociales et pénales de l'infanticide et des mères-infanticides au Canada, 1883-1951." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq26311.pdf.
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Joyce, Jenna. "Using a Geospatial Approach to Evaluate the Impacts of Shipping Activity on Marine Mammals and Fish in Arctic Canada." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37777.
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A loss in sea ice cover, primarily attributed to climate change, is increasing the accessibility and navigability of the Arctic Ocean. This increased accessibility of the Canadian Arctic, and in particular the Northwest Passage, presents important global and national shipping and development opportunities. However, increased shipping in the region also present challenges related to the environmental sustainability, sovereignty and safety, and cultural sustainability. The Low Impact Shipping Corridors (the Corridors) is currently the foundational framework for governing ship traffic within the Canadian Arctic. However, the Corridors were largely established based on historic traffic patterns and thus they do not fully consider important areas for marine mammals and fish in the region. This research addresses this important research gap by spatially identifying important areas for marine mammals and fish in the Kitikmeot region of Nunavut using both Traditional Knowledge and western science, evaluating ship tracks from 1990-2015, and geospatially identifying and evaluating areas of potential disturbance for marine mammals and fish related to vessel noise from different ship types transiting the Corridors within the study region. The results of this study indicate that all vessel types have the potential to cause behavioural disturbance to marine mammals and fish when navigating through these important wildlife areas, and that louder vessels (i.e. Tanker ships) travelling outside of these important wildlife areas have a greater potential to cause behavioural disturbance to marine mammals and fish than quieter vessels (i.e. Pleasure Crafts). The results also indicate that vessels navigating through certain regions of the Kitikmeot have a higher potential to cause behavioural disturbances in these species, including through the Gulf of Boothia, Franklin Strait, Rae Strait, Rasmussen Basin, and Bathurst Inlet.
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Rocheleau, Jonathan. "Depositional Architecture of a Near-Slope Turbidite Succession: Upper Kaza Group, Windermere Supergroup, Castle Creek, British Columbia, Canada." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20122.
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An expansive panel of well exposed (periglacial) strata of the Upper Kaza Group permitted a detailed study of the stratal architecture of proximal basin floor deposits in the Neoproterozoic Windermere turbidite system. Detailed stratigraphic and petrographic analyses identified six lithofacies: poorly-sorted, clast-rich mudstone (F1), thin-bedded siltstone and mudstone (F2), thick-bedded, massive sandstone (F3), medium-scale, cross-stratified sandstone (F4), mudstone-clast breccia (F5), and medium-bedded turbidites (F6). The spatial distribution of these facies identify five architectural elements: heterolithic feeder channel deposits (FA1), thin-bedded intralobe turbidites (FA2), terminal splay deposits (FA3), distributary channel deposits (FA4), and isolated scours (FA5). FA 1-4 are genetically related and form the basic building blocks of large-scale basin floor depositional lobes. FA 5, which is isolated to the stratigraphic top of the study area, is interpreted to have formed in a base-of-slope setting, and its superposition on FA 1-4 suggests the long-term progradation of the Windermere turbidite system.
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Schulz, Julia. "Economic factors in the persistence of French-Canadian identity in New England." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65975.
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Angus, Katrina. "Lateral Facies Trends in Deep-Marine Slope and Basin Floor Matrix-Rich Beds, Neoproterozoic Windermere Supergroup, British Columbia, Canada." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34557.
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This study investigates the lithological characteristics, and lateral and vertical facies trends of poorly understood, deep-marine matrix-rich sedimentary rocks. Two laterally extensive, well-exposed outcrops of slope and proximal basin floor deposits were investigated from the Neoproterozoic Windermere Supergroup. Significantly, matrix-rich beds have been found to undergo the same lateral trends (over ~200-650 m) in both outcrops. Initially, thicker, clayey sandstone transitions laterally to a bipartite bed with the development of an upper, planar-based, more matrix-rich unit. Further laterally, the basal unit progressively thins until it pinches out, and all that remains is the upper, more matrix-rich unit – a sandy claystone. It too thins and then pinches out. Draping the entire transect is a thin, matrix-poor structured unit overlain by a mudstone or claystone cap. These trends are interpreted to reflect a progressive but rapid lateral evolution of flow structure controlled primarily by particle settling, namely sand, from mud-rich avulsion-related flows.
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Brilliant, Sean. "The marine food web in relation to the movement and accumulation of toxins in Saint John Harbour, New Brunswick, Canada." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ60522.pdf.
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Bessière, Arnaud Poussou Jean-Pierre Dépatie sylvie. "La domesticité dans la colonie laurentienne au XVIIe siècle et au début du XVIIIe siècle (1640-1710)." Paris : Université Paris Sorbonne - Paris IV, 2008. http://www.theses.paris4.sorbonne.fr/these_bessiere/paris4/2007/these_bessiere/html/index-frames.html.
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Edwards, Tracy Lee. "Impact of projected future trends and issues on the role of department heads in Canadian community colleges /." Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Payet, Jérôme Patrice. "Ecology and diversity of marine viruses on the Canadian Arctic Shelf, Arctic Ocean." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/40687.
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Viruses are the most abundant, ubiquitous and diverse biological entities in the world’s oceans. Through infection and lysis, viruses play critical roles in shaping marine microbial assemblages, with consequences for ecosystem functioning and biogeochemical processes. Despite their global-scale importance in oceanic processes, relatively little is currently known about the distribution, ecological roles and diversity of marine viruses. Furthermore, this existing knowledge is largely limited to temperate and lower latitude ecosystems, leaving the role of viruses in polar waters relatively unexplored.
The Canadian Arctic Shelf (CAS) is a heterogeneous and productive marine ecosystem within the Arctic Ocean that plays a key role in carbon cycling. Emerging data suggest that the microbial assemblages on the CAS are active and diverse and can respond rapidly to changes in environmental conditions.
This dissertation addresses a knowledge gap regarding marine viruses in polar waters by examining ecology and diversity of marine viruses on the CAS. Toward this end, multiple approaches such as flow cytometry and epifluorescence microscopy, experimental incubations and filtration, molecular techniques (polymerase chain reaction, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis fingerprint analysis, cloning and sequencing) and statistical analyses were used to investigate 1) spatio-temporal variations in viral distribution and abundance, 2) significance of lysogenic and lytic viral infections and their impacts on host mortality and carbon cycling, 3) patterns in the genetic structure of T4-like viruses (Myoviridae) and phycodnaviruses (Phycodnaviridae), two virus families infecting bacteria and eukaryotic phytoplankton, respectively and 4) phylogenetic diversity and richness of T4-like viruses and phycodnaviruses.
Together, the results of these studies have demonstrated that viruses are abundant, active and diverse components of the CAS microbial assemblages, and are strongly coupled with environmental conditions and microbial abundance, productivity and composition. In addition, these studies indicate that viruses are significant agents of microbial mortality on the CAS, and can influence energy fluxes and carbon cycling.
Overall, this dissertation has increased our understanding of the marine viruses in arctic environments. Moreover, the results stress the need to include viruses in models when studying the influence of climate changes on biogeochemical cycles in the Arctic Ocean.