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1
Plante, Mathieu. "Extratropical cyclone climatology for eastern Canadian cities." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=121563.
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In this study, a Lagrangian tracking algorithm is applied to the 850-hPa relative vorticity field to characterize extratropical cyclone tracks across eastern Canada. Seasonal cycles are examined in terms of overall cyclone frequency, intensity, regions of development and decay. We found that cyclones tend to develop over the Rockies, the Great Lakes or the Western Atlantic. They are most intense over Newfoundland and North Atlantic, and decay over Greenland. Cyclones tracking across Toronto, Montreal, Halifax and St-John's are further analyzed, with typical cyclone tracks, origin, frequency, mean local growth rate, and mean intensity. Among others, we found that cyclone activities at east coast cities (Halifax, St-John's) are dominated by Atlantic cyclones, more frequent in winter, while Montreal's and Toronto's cyclones travel primarily from the Great Lakes, frequent and intense in spring and autumn. Cyclones from the Gulf of Mexico are not frequent, but extreme. The relationship between winter cyclone tracks and modes of atmospheric variability are also examined with an emphasis on the El Niño - Southern Oscillation (ENSO), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and Pacific North American pattern (PNA). An ENSO and PNA-related oscillation between continental and coastal cyclones is confirmed. The inter-annual variability of winter cyclones cross eastern Canadian cities are quantified. Cyclone activities in Toronto and Montreal shown to be modulated by ENSO and PNA, while NAO dominates the cyclone variability in Halifax and St-John's. The local cyclone variability is found to be small in terms of overall cyclone statistics, but important in terms of changes in the origins of the local cyclones.Un algorithme est appliqué sur le tourbillon relatif à 850-hPa afin de calculer la trajectoire des cyclones affectant l'Est du Canada. Les variations saisonnières de ces trajectoires sont approfondies par l'étude de plusieurs paramètres, tels que la fréquence, l'intensité, l'origine, le taux de développement et le taux de dissipation des cyclones. L'étude démontre que les cyclones se développent principalement au dessus des Rocheuse, des Grands Lacs et de la côte Est des États-Unis, et se dissipent près des côtes Est et Ouest du Groendland. Les plus intenses se trouvent à Terre Neuve et au Nord de l'Atlantique. Ces statistiques de cyclones sont ensuite évaluées plus spécifiquement pour les cyclones atteignant Toronto, Montréal, Halifax et St-John's. Entre autre, il est démontré que les villes côtières sont pricipalement affectées par les cyclones en provenance de la côte Est Américaine, fréquents en hiver, tandis que Toronto et Montréal sont principalement affectés par les cyclones en provenance des Grands Lacs, plutôt fréquents au printemps et à l'automne. Les cyclones en provenance du Golf du Mexique sont moins fréquents, mais constituent une grande partie des extrêmes. La variation inter-annuelle de l'activité cyclonique est ensuite évaluée selon différents régimes de variabilité climatiques, tels qu'ENSO (El Nino-Southern Oscillation), le NAO (North Atlantic Oscillation) et le PNA (Pacific-North America). Les résultats consolident la présence d'une oscillation entre cyclones continentaux et cyclones côtiers pendant ENSO. L'étude démontre que la variabilité cyclonique inter-annuelle à Toronto et Montréal est dominée par ENSO et le PNA, tandis que le NAO a un plus grand impact à Halifax et à St-John's.
2
Mehrabadi, Azar. "The Cedar project : exploring the HIV vulnerabilities of young aboriginal women in two Canadian cities." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31600.
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Background: International attention has been drawn to the physical and emotional violence faced by Aboriginal women in Canada. Vulnerability to HIV and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection for Indigenous populations must be contextualized in experiences of current and past trauma from the displacement of families through colonization, the residential school system and child apprehensions. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare sociodemographics, drug use patterns, injection practices, sexual experiences, and HIV and HCV prevalence between young Aboriginal men and women using illegal drugs in two urban settings. A further comparison is made among young Aboriginal women using illegal drugs to compare women who were involved in recent sex work (in the last six months) versus women who were not. Methods: In a community-based sample of urban Canadian Aboriginal young people (status and non-status First Nations, Inuit and Metis) who reported using street drugs in the past month, 262 female participants were compared with 281 male participants with respect to sociodemographic characteristics, experiences of trauma, sexual risk variables, and drug use patterns. Participants were invited who were between the ages of 14 and 30 years and lived in either Vancouver or Prince George, Canada, and were recruited through word of mouth, posters, and by street outreach. Between October 2003 and July 11 2005, young people in the study completed a questionnaire administered by Aboriginal interviewers. Trained nurses drew blood samples for HIV and HCV antibodies and provided pre- and post-test counseling. Results: Prevalence of HIV and HCV were significantly higher among young Aboriginal women as compared to Aboriginal men. When the analysis was restricted to young people who reported injection drug use, HIV and HCV prevalence was still significantly higher among women. Multivariate analysis revealed daily injection of cocaine and smoking crack in the previous six months, and lifetime sexual abuse to be independently associated with recent sex work involvement among women. Conclusions: Young Aboriginal women using illegal drugs are experiencing increased prevalence of HIV and HCV infection, harmful injection patterns and increased sex work and sexual abuse. Women involved in sex work are experiencing increased frequent injection and non-injection drug use and sexual abuse. Harm reduction programs that are gender specific and that address historical and individual trauma are urgently required.Medicine, Faculty of
Population and Public Health (SPPH), School of
Graduate
3
MacDonald, Adrienne A. "The Conditions of Area Restrictions in Canadian Cities: Street Sex Work and Access to Public Space." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23352.
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“Area restriction” is the umbrella term used for this thesis to consider geography-based, individually- assigned orders issued by criminal justice agents to remove and restrict targets from particular city spaces. This research focuses on 13 Canadian cities that use arrest-and-release area restriction strategies to managing street sex work(ers). Despite heavy criticism for their punitive nature, area restrictions have received little academic attention. This project takes an exploratory and descriptive approach to the issue in order to develop a platform for future research. Using qualitative, non-experimental methods it also critically analyzes the implementation, logic and reported impacts of the strategies while drawing implications for how area restrictions relate to citizenship statuses of sex workers by mapping exclusions onto the city. Multiple data sources were included but the most significant and compelling information comes from interviews with police officers and community agency workers. Findings suggest that area restriction strategies contribute to substantial social divides between sex workers and other community members, but also between sex workers and important services, resources and their community. At the same time, the strategy is reported as a “temporary relief” measure that is ineffective at lessening sex trade activity and often leads to displacement and dispersal of sex work(ers). However, collaborative efforts in some cities show promise for achieving goals of ‘helping sex workers off the street.’ Realistic recommendations for area restriction strategies are made that lead to more inclusive approaches that are considerate of needs and concerns of all interest groups linked to the “prostitution problem.”
4
Farhat, Nawal. "The association of ozone and fine particulate matter with mortality and hospital admissions in 12 Canadian cities." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28271.
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Many recent epidemiological studies have linked health effects with short-term exposure to air pollution levels commonly found in North America. The association of ozone and fine particulate matter with mortality and hospital admissions in 12 Canadian cities was explored in a time-series study. City-specific estimates were obtained by Poisson regression models adjusting for the confounding effects of seasonality and temperature. Estimates were then pooled across cities using the inverse variance method. Results suggest significant associations across all outcomes except cardiovascular hospital admissions. Generally, stronger associations were found among the elderly. Effect estimates were robust to adjustment for seasonality confounding but were sensitive to lag structures. Considering the large population exposed to air pollution, reductions in ozone and particulate matter would lead to considerable health benefits.
5
Clarkson, Adam. "The Cedar Project : exploring the health related correlates of child welfare and incarceration among young Aboriginal people in two Canadian cities." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/12564.
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Aboriginal leadership and communities at large are deeply concerned about the disproportionate number of young Aboriginal people entering the child welfare and justice systems in Canada. The current institutionalization of young Aboriginal
people must be understood as an extension of Canada’s colonial history, including
generations of family disruption and child apprehensions. More knowledge is needed on
the impacts of these experiences among young Aboriginal people. This study compares sociodemographics, trauma experiences and drug and health related vulnerabilities between young Aboriginal people who were taken away from their biological parents and those who were not, and between those who were incarcerated in the last six months and those who were not. Baseline survey data from on ongoing prospective cohort study of urban
Canadian Aboriginal young people was analyzed to determine variables associated with the child welfare system and recent incarceration. To be eligible, participants had to be between the ages of 14 and 30, be living in Vancouver or Prince George, and have used illicit drugs in the past month. Recruitment methods included word of mouth, posters, and street outreach. Surveys were administered between October 2003 and November 2007. Multivariable regression found that child welfare was associated with having at
least one parent attend residential school, suicide ideation, and ever being on the street for three nights or more. Among those who injected drugs, being taken from parents was associated with overdose, injecting with used syringes, and self-harming. Recent
incarceration was associated with currently self-harming, being male, ever being in
juvenile detention, and injection drug use for the total population, and injecting with a used syringe and spending three nights or more on the street for injectors. Eleven percent of injectors who were incarcerated reported injecting while incarcerated. Dedicated efforts are required to support young Aboriginal people who
have been involved in the child welfare and justice systems. Focus on trauma care and
on supporting families and communities is crucial in addressing the disproportionate
number of institutionalized Aboriginal young people. Jurisdictional reform, cultural
programming, supportive housing and harm reduction strategies are urgently needed.
6
Meligrana, John. "Territorial strategies of local government reorganization, the urban political geography of municipal annexation in three Canadian cities, London, Edmonton, and Parksville." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0017/NQ37733.pdf.
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Galvan, Brigido. "Partially-automated live performance by Latin American musicians in two Canadian cities: Musical identity and authenticity in a globalized cultural economy." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9563.
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This ethnographic study examines the roles digital technologies (sequencers, drum machines, synthesizers, samplers, and computers) play in the musical practices of nine Latin American musicians participating in the local live music scenes of Ottawa and Montreal in the 1990s. Music has historically played a fundamental role in the construction of collective identities for Latin American musicians in the diaspora. A declining local musical economy combined with prevalent aesthetic value systems have made the use of automation in live performance an attractive and/or necessary alternative for some local Latin American musicians. The use of digital technologies, and in particular the use of automation, has particular implications for established notions of musical competence, creativity and ultimately of musical and cultural authenticity. This study looks at the notion of musical authenticity and its indelible connection with cultural, political, social and economic issues. It investigates the effects technology has on the ability of Latin American musicians to assert individual and collective identities in two of Canada's highly multicultural urban environments. As a site of social, economic and cultural struggle, exchange and interaction, the live performances of Latin American musicians are historically situated within the global/local cultural economic nexus of Canada's late twentieth-century.
8
Pearce, Margo Elaine. "The Cedar Project : understanding the association between childhood maltreatment and psychological distress, resilience, and HIV and HCV vulnerability among young Indigenous people who use drugs in three Canadian cities." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/51767.
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Background: Indigenous leaders are deeply concerned about the adverse impacts of intergenerational and lifetime trauma on their young people, particularly those who use drugs and are vulnerable to HIV and HCV infection. However, few researchers have investigated the complex intersections of trauma, mental health, resilience, and HIV and HCV vulnerability among young Indigenous men and women in Canada.
Methods: This multidisciplinary research was based on information gathered by the Cedar Project, a cohort of young Indigenous people (aged 14-30) who use drugs in Vancouver, Prince George, and Chase, British Columbia. The qualitative analyses used an interpretive thematic approach to analyze in-depth interviews. The quantitative analyses first evaluated the construct validity of psychometric questionnaires that measured childhood maltreatment, psychological distress, and resilience. Next, those questionnaires were integrated with longitudinal Cedar Project data to assess associations between childhood maltreatment with HIV and HCV vulnerability, psychological distress, and resilience.
Results: The qualitative research highlighted participants’ ongoing struggles with unaddressed childhood maltreatment and the association between emotional pain and HIV and HCV vulnerability. However, participants were actively resisting the negative effects of trauma maintaining hope for a better life. In quantitative analyses, each of the psychometric questionnaires had acceptable fit for the data. In total, 91.7% of the participants had experienced at least one form of childhood abuse/neglect. Longitudinal vulnerabilities associated with specific types of childhood trauma and cumulative trauma experiences included significant drug and sex-related HIV and HCV risks, in addition to HCV infection. Childhood maltreatment, sex work involvement, sexual assault, heavy alcohol use, and injection drug use increased psychological distress, while living by traditional culture decreased psychological distress. Resilience was increased by having grown up in a traditional family environment, and by having access to and being able to speak traditional languages.
Conclusion: This research supports the development of comprehensive, Indigenous-directed healing strategies for HIV/HCV prevention that are tailored for young Indigenous people who use drugs. These strategies must address concurrent trauma and mental health, support connections to Indigenous cultural identity, and facilitate understanding of the impacts of the residential school system and intergenerational trauma on family relationships.Medicine, Faculty of
Population and Public Health (SPPH), School of
Graduate
9
Cardinal, Donna. "Envisioning cities, making municipal cultural policy in Canada." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0021/MQ46966.pdf.
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Kirkland, Mary Elizabeth. "Mothering citizens: elite women in Montreal, 1890-1914." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=106277.
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This thesis explores the activism of elite women in Montreal – Anglophone, Francophone, Protestant, Roman Catholic, and Orthodox Jewish – between 1890 and 1914. In the form of a collective biography, I observe the twenty elite women who comprise this study in their homes, in the rituals of their class, in the work of philanthropy, and in active engagement with their local community and the world beyond Montreal. These women had a vision for society that went beyond social reform or securing the vote for women; one that was based on their experiences of gender, race, ethnicity, class, and religion. Maternalist ideology as adopted by these early activists, built a framework for a brighter future, a better city, and a stronger nation. I argue that elite women twinned their role as mothers with their identity as citizens in order to create a realm of social and political influence for themselves. They placed the family unit as the nuclear centre of society and extended this concept as a model to the community, nation, and international world. As maternalists, these women believed that they, as wives, mothers and especially as citizens, had an important role to play in shaping society. Through shared gender and class identities, they forged bridges across ethnic and religious divides which in turn provided them with influence and power in Montreal and beyond. What emerges from the sources is that these women were far from passive or content to stay in the shadows. They were intentionally political in the way they thought about and engaged their lives as citizens. But there were limits to their influence and the women studied here had to carefully navigate these boundaries. The onset of the First World War served to aggravate tensions that had long been simmering beneath the surface to the point that cooperation disintegrated and their power that had derived from their unity was markedly diminished.Cette thèse porte sur l'engagement social et politique de femmes de l'élite montréalaise de 1890 à 1914. Pour ce faire, j'ai réuni vingt Montréalaises issues des communautés anglophones, francophones, protestantes, catholiques et orthodoxes juives en une biographie collective qui lève le voile sur leur vie domestique, les rituels propres à leur classe sociale, leur travail philanthropique, de même que sur leur engagement au sein de la communauté locale et élargie. Cet exercice de style m'a permis de mettre en évidence l'influence des identités de genre, de race, d'ethnie, de classe et de religion de chacune sur sa conception de la société. La mise en commun des expériences de ces femmes de l'élite montréalaise révèle également que leurs préoccupations étaient plurielles et qu'elles dépassent la seule question du suffrage féminin. L'idéologie maternaliste embrassée par ces activistes traçait les jalons d'un futur meilleur, d'une ville assainie et d'une nation plus forte. Ma thèse est que les femmes constituant ce corpus combinaient leurs rôles de mères et leurs identités de citoyennes afin de se tailler une place, un cercle d'influence, dans des sphères d'activité qui leurs étaient habituellement défendues, soit les sphères sociale et politique. Pour y arriver, elles ont placé la famille au cœur de leur conception du système social et ont transposé cette vision à la communauté, à la nation et au monde. En tant qu'épouses, mères, mais aussi en tant que citoyennes, ces maternalistes croyaient qu'elles avaient un rôle important à jouer dans la transformation de la société. Le fait qu'elles aient partagé les mêmes identités sexuelle et sociale leur a permis de se rapprocher. Ces similarités, jumelées à leurs différences ethniques et religieuses leurs ont conféré une influence et un pouvoir indéniable à Montréal et au-delà. Les sources consultées révèlent que ces femmes de l'élite montréalaise étaient loin d'être passives ou contentes de rester dans l'ombre. Leur engagement politique et citoyen était conscient. Leur influence comportait néanmoins des limites qu'elles durent apprendre à repousser avec doigté. Avec le déclenchement de la Grande Guerre, les tensions cachées qui existaient entre elles s'aggravèrent et il ne fut bientôt plus possible de coopérer. La séparation de ce groupe eut pour résultat de diminuer de façon notoire le pouvoir et l'influence que ces femmes de l'élite montréalaise avaient acquis en près de vingt-cinq ans.
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Short, Joel Nelson. "High technology locational factors : an analysis of major cities in Canada." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28681.
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High technology industries have caught the attention of many local economic development agencies, and many of these agencies have attempted to attract high technology industries to their areas. There is a lack of information, however, on the factors that influence the location of high technology. This study attempts to determine the location factors that are important for high technology industries in Canada.
Because no universally accepted definition of high technology exists, previous definitions of high technology are examined, and a suitable definition is developed for Canada. A review of existing literature on the locational factors for high technology industry is conducted, and based on this review, a set of locational factors to be examined for Canada is established. Data on the location of high technology in Canadian Census Metropolitan Areas (CMAs) are examined, as well as the spatial incidence of the potential locational factors across the 24 Canadian CMAs. Regression analysis is used to determine the strengths of relationships between high technology industry and locational factors. The results of this study are compared to the results of similar studies conducted in the U.S. and Australia.
This study finds that few of the potential locational factors examined have a high correlation with the location of high technology industries. Percentage of labour force in scientific, engineering and mathematical occupations; telephones per capita; income levels; dwelling prices; airport size; university enrolment; and percentage of labour force with university degrees are significant factors; however it is not clear if differences in these variables influence the location of high technology, or if the presence of high technology industries generate differences in these variables. A comparison of the results of this study with the results of similar studies conducted in the U.S. and Australia reveals several similarities and a few differences.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
12
Mathieu, Jean-Philip. "Quebec City's Ship Carpenters, 1840 to 1893: Working Class Self-Organization on the Waterfront." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28587.
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In the mid-nineteenth century, the construction of wooden sailing vessels became the single most important employer in Quebec City. Thousands of people worked as shipwrights in the shipbuilding industry, but ship carpenters were the backbone of the trade. These workers displayed an extraordinary capacity for mobilization, being responsible for some of Canada's earliest labour organizations, starting in 1840 with the Societe amicale et bienveillante des charpentiers de vaisseaux de Quebec. This study demonstrates that ship carpenters' impressive capacity for organization was the result of the trade's remarkable ethnic homogeneity, as no less than 90% of ship carpenters were French Canadian, and most lived together in the working class suburb of Saint Roch. This homogeneity allowed ship carpenters to avoid the bitter internecine conflict that plagued the early labour movement, and allowed them to become part of the vanguard of the Canadian working class.
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Gideon, Valerie. "Telehealth and citizen involvement." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36593.
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Telehealth is defined by Jocelyne Picot as "the use of communications and information technology to deliver health and health care services and information over large and small distances" (Telehealth Industry 1). Current research in telehealth focuses on the evaluation of applications and projects, on the competitiveness of the telehealth industry, and on its role in international development. In contrast, this dissertation contextualizes telehealth in social history and theory. In so doing, it adopts an analytical, cultural studies approach rather than an empirical one. It also studies the extent of citizen involvement in current telehealth initiatives in Canada. More specifically, the dissertation examines whether the forms of involvement promoted by telehealth initiatives empower Canadian citizens. The examination is conducted through a five-step process. The first four steps involve an overview of the following: (1) histories of medical technology; (2) critiques of medical technology; (3) history and critique of the Canadian health care system; (4) critiques of information and communications technology and policy. The fifth step consists in mapping out the current state of telehealth development in Canada, including policy, applications and projects, as well as distinguishing the main roles of citizens in such initiatives. In closing, ways of achieving citizen empowerment through telehealth are suggested, whether it is found to be achieved in recent initiatives or not. Theoretical frameworks with the aim of positioning new technology in order that it may accomplish social change and citizen empowerment are put forward as an innovative means of evaluating current telehealth applications and projects in Canada.
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Uberoi, Varun. "Multicultural nation-building : a Canadian way to foster unity amongst British citizens." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670077.
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Yu, Mengya, and 郁梦雅. "To analyze urban sprawl using remote sensing : a case study of London, Ontario, Canada." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/195105.
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Urban growth is one type of urban development. Many Canadian cities have dramatically evolved over the past twenty years. Along with the rapid growth of urban region, urban sprawl has become one of the most significant issues challenging most cities. Remote sensing techniques are frequently used to analyse urban growth and sprawl. In this study, three temporal satellite images, which were taken at 1990, 2000, 2010 respectively, are classified using software ENVI to determine the urban extent and growth pattern of the city of London, Ontario, Canada. Statistical models including Shannon‘s entropy and Pearson‘s chi-square are applied to calculate the degree of sprawl and degree of freedom of London. Moreover, the overall degree of goodness of the urban growth is calculated as a promotion of the former two statistic models towards the analysis of urban growth. The results shows London is sprawled in the past 20 years (from 1990 to 2010) with a decreasing degree of freedom and a moderate degree of goodness of urban growth. Apart from mathematical analysis, policies that have been implemented since 1990s to curb urban sprawl in London are reviewed. Key factors that impact the urban growth pattern of London are identified through reviewing. It is found that 1993‘s annexation, the creation of Urban Growth Boundary and changed political intentions are the main factors. By analyze these factors, it also help to explain the results derived from mathematical models. Brownfield redevelopment, residential intensification, smart moves are regarded as the most important strategies to deal with urban sprawl carried out by London‘s local government. It also witnesses a great impact of policies initiated by the province on a mid-sized municipality such as London. It is argued that municipalities gain only limited political autonomy and administrative capacity. Recommendations are addressed specifically for the related strategies for further promotions.published_or_final_version
Urban Planning and Design
Master
Master of Science in Urban Planning
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Hunsberger, Carol. "Exploring links between citizen environmental monitoring and decision making three Canadian case examples /." Thesis, Waterloo, Ont. : University of Waterloo, 2004. http://etd.uwaterloo.ca/etd/cahunsbe2004.pdf.
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Thesis (MES)--University of Waterloo, 2004."A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfillment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Master of Environmental Studies in Environment and Resource Studies." Includes bibliographical references.
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MacPherson, Sandra. "From Spectator to Citizen: Urban Walking in Canadian Literature, Performance Art and Culture." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37321.
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This dissertation examines urban walking in Canada as it deviates from a largely male peripatetic tradition associated with the flâneur. This new incarnation of the walker—differentiated by gender, race, class, and/or sexual orientation—reshapes the urban imaginary and shifts the act of walking from what is generally theorized as an individualistic or simply transgressive act to a relational and transformative practice. While the walkers in this study are diverse, the majority of them are women: writers Dionne Brand, Daphne Marlatt, Régine Robin, Gail Scott, and Lisa Robertson and performance artists Kinga Araya, Stephanie Marshall, and Camille Turner all challenge the dualism inscribed by the dominant (masculine) gaze under the project of modernity that abstracts and objectifies the other. Yet, although sexual difference is often the first step toward rethinking identities and relationships to others and the city, it is not the last. I argue that poet Bud Osborn, the play The Postman, the projects Ogimaa Mikana, [murmur] and Walking With Our Sisters, and community initiatives such as Jane’s Walk, also invite all readers and pedestrians to question the equality, official history and inhabitability of Canadian cities. As these peripatetic works emphasize, how, where and why we choose to walk is a significant commentary on the nature of public space and democracy in contemporary urban Canada. This interdisciplinary study focuses on Vancouver, Toronto and Montreal, cities where there has been not only some of the greatest social and economic change in Canada under neoliberalism but also the greatest concentration of affective, peripatetic practices that react to these changes. The nineteenth-century flâneur’s pursuit of knowledge is no longer adequate to approach the everyday reality of the local and contingent effects of global capitalism. As these walkers reject an oversimplified and romanticized notion of belonging to a city or nation based on normative identity categories, they recognize the vulnerability of others and demand that cities be more than locations of precarity and economic growth. This dissertation critically engages diverse Canadian peripatetic perspectives notably absent in theories of urban walking and extends them in new directions. Although the topic of walking suggests an anthropocentrism that contradicts the turn to posthumanism in literary and cultural studies, the walkers in this study open the peripatetic up to non-anthropocentric notions as the autonomous subject of liberal individualism often associated with the male urban walking tradition is displaced by a new focus on the interdependent, affective relation of self and city and on attending to others, to the care of and responsibility for others and the city.
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Feng, Lisi. "Cities in the age of global migration : integration of mainland Chinese in Vancouver, Canada." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/52869.
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Since the late 1990s, the People’s Republic of China has emerged as the largest source of foreign students, tourists, skilled and low-skilled workers for the Pacific cities and regions. Upon arrival, the ‘new’ Chinese migrants have to carve out a place for themselves, which entails more than looking for jobs and shelter. In particular, they find themselves in a social milieu shaped by both new and long-established Chinese groups in the receiving places. Using migration flows between Mainland China and Vancouver as a case study, I explore specific processes and mechanisms that directly shape the diversity of migrant integration experiences and the variegated relations between migrant integration and the socioeconomic and spatial transformation of the Vancouver region. Specifically, I seek to understand how certain political economic characteristics of place (in terms of economic structures, political cultures, processes and institutions) have hindered and facilitated the livelihood production of migrant groups in multifaceted ways.
Two methodological approaches inform my study: comparative historical analysis and agency-structure linkage. I argue that specific historical trajectory of urban development in localities in China and Vancouver offer very different structures of opportunities that enable individual migrant families to build different human capacity, hence, their capacity to adapt to a new life when they move from place to place. Group differences challenge the taken-for-granted claims of ‘Chineseness’ and the stale concept of ‘Chinese community’ in public debates and policy-making. By placing the multiplicity of Mainland Chinese experiences at the centre of my research, I have opened up new lines of theorizing about the substantive meaning of integration as opposed to providing definitive answers to when and how to achieve integration. The impossibility of presenting a coherent, unified trajectory through which one settles down with a definitive sense of belonging attests to the complexity and precariousness of migrant integration.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
19
Kennelly, Jacqueline Joan. "Citizen youth : culture, activism, and agency in an era of globalization." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/769.
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This thesis seeks to uncover some of the cultural practices central to youth activist subcultures across three urban centres in Canada: Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver. I undertake this work within the context of rising moral and state claims about the apparent need for ‘good citizenship’ to be exercised by young people, alongside a late modern relationship between liberalism, neoliberalism, and Canada’s history of class- and race-based exclusions. The theoretical framework bridges cultural and political sociology with youth cultural theory. It also draws heavily upon the work of feminist philosophers of agency and the state. The main methodology is ethnographic, and was carried out within a phenomenological and hermeneutic framework. In total, 41 young people, ages 13-29, were involved in this research. Participants self-identified as being involved in activist work addressing issues such as globalization, war, poverty and/or colonialism.
The findings of this study suggest that the effects of the historical and contemporary symbol of the ‘good citizen’ are experienced within youth activist subcultures through a variety of cultural means, including: expectations from self and schooling to be ‘responsible,’ with its associated burdens of guilt; policing practices that appear to rely on cultural ideas about the ‘good citizen’ and the ‘bad activist’; and representations of youth activism (e.g. within media) as replete with out-of-control young people being punished for their wrong-doings. Wider effects include the entrenched impacts of class- and race-based exclusions, which manifest within youth activist subcultures through stylistic regimes of ‘symbolic authorization’ that incorporate attire, beliefs, and practices. Although findings suggest that many young people come to activism via a predisposition created within an activist or Left-leaning family, this research also highlights the relational means by which people from outside of this familial habitus can come to activist practices. Taken together, findings suggest that youth activism must be understood as a cultural and social phenomenon, with requisite preconditions, influences, and effects; that such practices cannot be disassociated from wider social inequalities; and that such effects and influences demand scrutiny if we are to reconsider the role of activism and its part in expanding the political boundaries of the nation-state.
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Spooner, Jeffrey Michael. "Canadian producer and citizen perspectives on farm animal welfare : identifying shared and differing values." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44922.
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While interest in the “proper” care of food animals dates to early Greece, 20th century cultural developments in the West brought about an explosion of policies and programs intended to ensure suitable care and handling practices for food animals. “Animal welfare”, however, is a complex term reflecting a wide range of elements. Hence, animal care policies often lead to confusion and disagreements. Given that animal welfare preferences tend to reflect fundamental values and attitudes, agreement on animal care practices are most apt to ensue if such practices reflect shared values and attitudes among vested stakeholders. In an effort to contribute to the development of broadly acceptable policies and practices, in-depth interviews were conducted with beef cattle producers (n=23), pig producers (n=20), and the public (n=24) in the quest for shared or overlapping values regarding farm animal welfare. Areas of agreement include: (i) the importance of humane handling plus good health and biological functioning, especially emphasized by producers; (ii) that consumers have considerable power to dictate preferred care practices and that producers are constrained by economic pressures in competitive markets; and (iii) that citizens lack sufficient understanding of contemporary production methods. Commensurate policy recommendations intended to build on areas of agreement include: (i) the promotion of shared terminology emphasizing animal care; (ii) incorporating elements of natural living into intensive production systems; (iii) promoting joint stakeholder pilot projects to test welfare-oriented production methods or prevent catastrophic animal care failures; (iv) facilitating a trustworthy system of product labelling; (v) encouraging transparent producer or industry driven, welfare-related initiatives; and (vi) encouraging stakeholders to use publicly trusted educational resources instead of marketing-oriented representations of animal care practices. Future research recommendations include: (i) more qualitative and empirical studies of consumers’ welfare-related purchasing practices; and (ii) exploring producer welfare concerns in the broader context of production or management priorities or values. Contributions to existing knowledge include the identification of shared and differing values among Canadian stakeholders, challenges to blanket welfare criticisms about commercial production, plausible paradigmatic differences between producers and citizens, and the potential impact of differing production systems on the welfare-related views of producers.
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Timpson, Annis May. "Driven apart, the construction of women as worker-citizens and mother-citizens in Canadian employment and child care policies, 1940-1988." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq45837.pdf.
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Ghergari, Kori. "Investigating Transparency in Government of Canada Citizen-focused Communications." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/22678.
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Government of Canada communications professionals work in an increasingly challenging environment, characterized by an intrusive 24/7 media cycle, a frenetic pace of evolving communication technologies, layered accountability requirements, political tension, and waning public trust. Scholars call on professional communicators to help rebuild public trust, which is intrinsic to a healthy democratic government. The Three-dimensional Model for Transparency in Government Communication developed by Fairbanks, Plowman and Rawlins (2007) serves as the theoretical framework for investigating the Government of Canada’s approach to transparent citizen-focused communications from the perspective of communications professionals. The model’s adaptability to the Government of Canada context is tested through 23 qualitative semi-structured interviews with Government of Canada senior communications advisors, managers and executives. The data is analysed using constant comparative thematic analysis. The findings demonstrate that Government of Canada communicators strongly value transparency. Furthermore, the key components of the transparency model – communications practices, organizational support and provision of resources – encapsulate the factors that influence the practice of transparent citizen-focused communications by the Government of Canada. The study concludes by offering recommendations for future research and practical applications.
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Ward, Ian Robert. "Misleading government information : an analysis of the legal remedies available to affected citizens." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/24439.
Full textAbstract:
In the twentieth century, a dynamic expansion of its activities and powers has made government a major supplier of information on an enormous range of topics of concern to citizens. Unfortunately, the information which it provides is not always completely reliable: sometimes it is inaccurate, and government is powerless to protect the citizen from the consequences; at others, it proves misleading because government chooses later to disown it. The purpose of this thesis is to analyse the legal remedies available to citizens misled by government information.
The analysis has two principal areas of investigation. First, consideration is given to the means whereby the citizen may be able to hold government bound by information which it has provided to him. Separate treatment is given to the situations in which the misleading information deprives the citizen of a benefit or inflicts on him a loss, and in which it subjects him to the risk of criminal liability. Secondly, consideration is given to the possibility of holding government responsible in damages for the consequences of its information being misleading.
Of central importance in this wide-ranging analysis is the issue of the proper role of the courts. This stems from the fact that complaints about misleading government information frequently involve challenges to government decisions. Thus the majority of attempts by citizens to hold government bound by its information are generated by the making by government itself of a decision inconsistent with that information. Again, attempts to hold government responsible in damages for the consequences of providing misleading information commonly involve an allegation that a particular government decision relating to the provision of that information was negligent. It is emphasized throughout this thesis that the courts should refuse assistance to a citizen whose complaint of misleading government information is directed essentially towards a government decision, where that decision involves a determination of the priority of competing interests and values represented in society. The provision of a remedy in such a case would enable the courts effectively to review the choices embodied in value-laden government decisions, and as such would facilitate an unwarranted extension of their constitutional role.Law, Peter A. Allard School of
Graduate
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Thobani, Sunera. "Nationalizing citizens, bordering immigrant women : globalization and the racialization of citizenship in late 20th century Canada /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0021/NQ37758.pdf.
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Kelly, D. J. G. "The revitalisation of the central business district of western cities : a comparative study of Cardiff, UK and Calgary, Canada." Thesis, Swansea University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.637773.
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The political economy approach of Regulation Theory is utilised to devise a research methodology which seeks to identify and investigate the principal forces involved in regenerating the central business district (CBD) of western cities. The cities of Cardiff, UK and Calgary, Canada are selected as case studies and placed within a sequential cross-national case comparison approach. A series of regulatory phases are identified and characterised for each city in the post war period compared within this comparative framework. A central tenet of the research is the changing role of the local authority planner in the post war period, from functionary and visionary to regulator, and from regulator to entrepreneur and promoter. Importantly, the context for planning is examined within both cities through a thorough review of their respective systems of planning and local government, and by an appreciation of the interplay between the various local national and international forces for change. Generally it is found that despite the influence of various local and national factors (e.g. culture, politics and social lifestyles) the most important factor influencing CBC regeneration is the state of the international economy.
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Curry, Joanne. "Contrasting the cases of two cities in Canada : understanding the factors in building confidence in university-city government collaborations." Thesis, University of Bath, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.681047.
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As city governments and universities expand their roles in economic development, an opportunity is created to transform a university–city relationship from an operational one to a strategic one and from co-existence to collaboration. Impacted by history and context, there are many challenges to overcome. The goal of my thesis was to understand the “doing of collaboration” and the specific management processes in university–local government collaborations. I conducted a comparative case study of a Canadian University, Simon Fraser University, and two city governments, Burnaby and Surrey. A number of management processes are critical in building a successful collaboration. Two of the most important are the use of one or more liaison people with the appropriate skills, mandate and access to resources and the involvement of representatives at different organizational levels, particularly faculty who provide access to the university’s research capacity. Bilateral city–university committees and a good relationship between the university president and city mayor are useful but not sufficient to deepen the collaboration. The involvement of third-party organizations in the university–city relationship is beneficial. The importance of trust-building processes such as attribution and dispute resolution are heightened if there is a need to overcome a negative historical incident, an isolated geographic location, or tensions over transactional issues. While management processes are important, a shared strategic goal is paramount. This shared goal may not be evident at the start of a relationship. To identify the shared goal, it is necessary to have an understanding of the most valued university roles given the city’s context and aims. Each organization must have sufficient trust to enter into a deeper collaboration and an initial condition of openness, responsiveness, and commitment is necessary. The thesis provides practical advice to cities and universities and reveals how demonstration of value can build over increasingly ambitious projects.
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Morency, Jenna L. "Outcast Men: American Citizens in Upper Canada and Van Dieman's Land." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2011. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/MorencyJL2011.pdf.
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L'Ecuyer, François. "Naturewatch Canada: Metadata Analysis for a Citizen-Science Based Monitoring Program." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35883.
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NatureWatch Canada, a citizen science program, collects and analyses data pertaining to plant phenology, frog species and ice coverage over water bodies in Canada to monitor trends through time and space in relation to climate change. An important question is whether this database is currently usable to infer environmental changes through space and time. This thesis presents a metadata analysis of the Nature Watch database in order to identify the spatial validity, quality, reliability and usability of the current data. We first explore citizen science through a review of the literature, followed by a detailed analysis of the content of the database. We also produce an example Newsletter for each module to illustrate some of the current trends in the data. The Frogwatch Newsletter shows how weather conditions in 2001 may have favored a population spurt of Leopard frogs resulting from more spawning ponds essential for this species. Next the Plantwatch Newsletter reveals that an increase in Aspen poplar and Prairie crocus in 2002 may have been due to fires during the preceding years. Lastly, the Icewatch Newsletter shows how ice formation, but not melt, reveals a clear trend of occurring 17 days later over the last 100 years with a stronger increase starting in the sixties for Western Ontario. In summary, this thesis presents a detailed metadata analysis of the Naturewatch database in order to provide recommendations for its improvement in the future. Improving programs like Naturewatch Canada is important to monitoring climate and ecological changes that could be applied throughout the Canadian North which are not currently well represented in this database.
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Malm, Sofie. "Sustainable Urban Development : A comparative study between Montréal, Canada and Stockholm, Sweden in their respective work towards becoming sustainable cities." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-139397.
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Murphy, Jennifer. "Contextualizing parolee reintegration : narrative themes in community re-engagement in two cities in the Southern Interior of British Columbia, Canada." Thesis, University of Essex, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.572770.
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This exploratory study focuses on the experiences of 18 parolees released after serving a federal sentence of over two years into two small cities in the Southern Interior of British Columbia, Canada in terms of the supports and challenges they faced in reintegrating into communities where tolerance for ex-offenders was problematic. The study aims to provide hitherto unexamined aspects of reintegration issues from the point of view of the parolees themselves. Their interpretation of events and examination of the difficulties (and acceptance) they received in the two communities add a further dimension to discussions about successful reintegration and rebuilding of their lives after incarceration. To that end, semi-structured interviews were conducted and analyzed using a narrative approach that was informed by Shaw's (1930) study of the life-history in The Jack Roller and Maruna's (2001) psychosocial approach to desistance. The interviews, however, were analyzed in their entirety which kept parolee voices distinct and individual. Findings focus on three main areas: the ubiquity of transcarceral controls on parolees' lives and the impacts of generational cycles of loss and abandonment on the ability to reintegrate successfully; the impacts of mental health problems, addictions, unemployment and poverty on individual attempts to reintegrate; and the development of communities of choice within the Canadian "Metis nation" as described by Saul (2008). Related issues include the pressure to remain "invisible", a permanent "outsider", in communities upon release, and definition of successful reintegration or desistance in terms of a continuum rather than a dichotomy of "criminal"/"law-abiding citizen".
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Bassel, Leah. "From refugee woman to citizen : the politics of integration in France and Canada." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442735.
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Beaudet, Alexis. "Sous le signe du m??tissage : l'ethnogen??se intra-am??rindienne des Mal??cites (1600-1750)." Mémoire, Universit?? de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/101.
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Ce m??moire s???int??resse ?? l?????mergence du groupe autochtone Mal??cite entre 1600 et 1750. L???hypoth??se d??fendue soutient que les Mal??cites sont apparus suite ?? des regroupements intertribaux forc??s par le choc microbien, les guerres coloniales et les modifications ??conomiques, culturelles et socio-politiques induites par la colonisation. Ce m??moire part d???un ?? probl??me d???identit?? ?? souvent relev?? chez les Mal??cites et tente d?????claircir leur provenance r??elle, ?? l???aide d???une relecture des sources sous l???angle du concept d???ethnogen??se intra-am??rindienne, ouvrant ainsi la voie ?? un aspect m??connu et inusit?? de l???histoire autochtone, ?? savoir les cons??quences internes et identitaires de cette formidable rencontre que fut le contact.
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Rogers, Lesley A. "The role of the informal economy in community based economic development : the local exchange trading system example." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/42008.
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The purpose of this thesis is to look at a non-conventional approach to increasing
well-being at the community level. This new approach to development is called
community-based economic development (CBED). Interest in CBED has been
stimulated both by crises at the local level and by global problems. In Canada the
impetus for CBED is attributable to three factors: the dependency of small
communities on external factors and the alienation it promotes; a globalizing
international economy; and the failure of past Canadian regional development
planning policies.
Community-based economic development is a new approach that seeks to increase
community self-reliance. Many different CBED initiatives are currently operating in
various regions, communities, and neighbourhoods across Canada. These CBED
initiatives have centred on stimulating local employment and income levels almost
exclusively within the formal "monetized" economy. This thesis examines a CBED
initiative that operates within the "non-monetized" informal sector called the Local
Exchange Trading System (LETS). LETS is a barter network that uses a local
currency, "green dollars", to facilitate trading between members.
To ascertain if the LETSystem can improve well-being at the local level, this thesis
has examined three Canadian LETSYstems: Victoria, Cowichan Valley, and Ottawa.
Three central goals of CBED were distilled: increased local control; implementation
of an integrated approach to development; and sustainable development. The three
LETSystems were then evaluated using the above goals.
There are two main findings of this thesis. The first finding is that CBED can be,
and presently is being, promoted in the informal sector. The second finding is that
the LETSystems three examined, pursued goals similar to those of other CBED
initiatives and sought to improve community well-being. The continued promotion of
CBED by LETS is subject to two constraints: the novelty of the idea; and the lack
of variety of goods and services traded. Nevertheless, there exists additional
opportunities for the increased promotion of CBED through LETS, increased
community development, and an expanded range of employment opportunities.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
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Cooper, Judith Patricia. "Public participation in the Environmental Assessment and Review Process : the role of intervenor funding." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28344.
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This thesis examines the opportunities for public participation in the federal Environmental Assessment and Review Process (EARP) and the influence of intervenor funding on that input; the application of EARP to Military Flying Activites in Labrador and Quebec is used as a case study. The analytical approach is critical and based on a public interest perspective.
Five research questions are posed based on an interpretation of four normative objectives for the EAR Process and identification of several areas of EARP that restrict public access to decision making.
The research questions ask to what extent intervenor funding would increase overall participation in the Process; whether funding would affect the ability of intervenors to be involved in stages of the Process where public input is limited; whether intervenor funding would ensure that the values and interests of public groups are more actively considered at each stage of the Process; how intervenor funding affects the quality and quantity of public input to the Process; and how the administration of the funding program affects public participation in the case study. Questionnaires were developed from these questions and three participant groups in the case study were interviewed.
The results of these interviews are summarized and evaluated against the normative objectives and a set of six evaluative criteria - representativeness, educational, accountability, fairness, effectiveness, and efficiency. The criteria are developed from a theoretical rationale for financially supported public participation in EARP.
The first general conclusion of this research is that the EAR Process is fundamentally flawed. Notwithstanding incremental reforms like intervenor funding, the assumptions of Environmental Impact Assessment and the structure of EARP treat project assessment as a project specific venture amenable to prediction and technical analysis. In fact is is inseparable from a value-laden and political development planning process. The EAR Process understates this essentially political character yet vests the most significant decision making author^ in the hands of those with the most to gain from project development. After recognition of this problem, this analysis makes recommendations, based on the analysis of the case study, that could assist EARP in approaching the normative objectives.
First, while the proponent improved public consultation by 1985, and in the formal review, public involvement in the Initial Environmental Evaluation (IEE) in 1981 was inadequate. I therefore recommend that the affected publics be involved in decision making at the initial assessment stage of EARP and allowed an avenue of appeal. To support this recommendation the information used for initial assessment decisions needs to be comprehensive and readily accessible. In addition FEARO should provide an independent audit of these decisions.
Second, while financial support to caribou research by the proponent since 1986 is laudable, project monitoring should have occurred since the release of the IEE. I therefore recommend that project monitoring be a required element of any application of the EAR Process, after an IEE and a formal review; it should include the affected publics in an advisory capacity and during implementation.
Third, the EAR Process does not effectively deal with issues of fundamentally differing values; in this case study the viability of territories under land claims negotiations and the militarization of the Canadian arctic are avoided and unfairly unrepresented. To deal with this problem I recommend that public input be sought when drafting of the Panel's Terms of Reference for a public review.
Fourth, information was withheld from intervenors from several government departments during the review. All government departments should be legally required to supply prompt and complete responses to reasonable information requests when they pertain to any stage of the EAR Process.
Fifth, the funding program has so far been well administered; while funding has increased public access to the Process for remote settlements, further study is required to assess whether funds were sufficient to allow adequate regional representation.
Finally, the credibility of the funding program is thrown into doubt by the participation of the Department of Regional Industrial Expansion in setting up an independent funding committee, their withdrawal from the same, and later support for a pro-development group after the funding was disbursed. An intervenor funding policy is required to regularize funding allocation from one independent agency for the duration of the review.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
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Molinari, David U. "A psychometric examination and refinement of the Canadian Forces Attrition Information Questionnaire, CFAIQ, comparing the reasons cited by anglophones and francophones in the Leave decision process." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq20843.pdf.
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Wolfman, Charlene. "An interdepartmental/governmental Working Committee to address the needs of Canadian Forces members and their families in transition, a practicum concerning horizontal management and citizen-centred service delivery in practice." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ62870.pdf.
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Broderick, Julie. ""You are real citizens and you have the right to love" : exploring political frames in same-sex marriage debates in Canada." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/46542.
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In 1984, Gayle Rubin introduced her influential concept of the ‘charmed circle.’ Rubin noted a dividing line between ‘good’ and ‘bad’ sexuality, and argued that those who enact ‘good’ sex are often rewarded in society, while others occupy the outer limits of acceptability. Namely, Rubin notes that within the ‘charmed circle’ are heterosexual, monogamous, procreative couples. In Rubin’s original conception, homosexuality resided on the outer limits of acceptability. However, in the current social and political context of Canada, lesbian and gay citizens have become integrated into civil society and have more freedom to live openly. This may represent emerging sexual values that complicate the sexual hierarchy. Within this political context, I ask whether, or to what extent, Rubin’s concepts of the ‘charmed circle’ and the ‘outer limits’ can be revised. I utilize frame analysis and examine data from the final debates of Bill C-38 in the House of Commons, a bill that granted same-sex couples the legal right to marry. In the debates, I discover emerging sexual values and norms that, at the level of law and state, point to an increasing valuation of coupledom, regardless of sexual orientation. In light of these emerging values and norms, I re-conceptualize Rubin’s concept of the ‘charmed circle,’ accounting for the ways that coupledom is framed as not only a private good, but as a moral good for Canada.
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Montero, Sarah. "Participation citoyenne et développement culturel : référentiels d'action à Bordeaux et à Québec." Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00876115.
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Depuis les années 1990, le concept de participation a fait un retour marqué dans la société civile mais également au sein de la sphère politique, sous la forme d'une généralisation du débat public. Intrinsèquement lié au processus d'individuation de la société contemporaine, l'" impératif participatif " s'impose peu à peu aux responsables politiques et questionne la manière traditionnelle, fondée sur la légitimité élective, de concevoir l'action publique. A l'instar des autres politiques publiques, la politique culturelle se trouve elle aussi confrontée à la question de la participation des citoyens à l'élaboration de la décision publique. Les notions de démocratie culturelle et plus récemment celles de diversité et de droits culturels sont venues ainsi affirmer la légitimité des personnes à contribuer de façon effective à l'élaboration d'un projet politique partagé. Néanmoins, l'idéal de démocratisation culturelle qui légitime, depuis la création du ministère, l'intervention publique en matière culturelle, a induit un processus de hiérarchisation au détriment des citoyens, rendant difficile l'émergence d'un nouveau référentiel.Au plan local, la culture s'est peu à peu imposée au cœur des territoires comme un facteur essentiel de développement visant tout autant à accroitre l'attractivité qu'à garantir la cohésion sociale. En outre, les villes ont induit un rapprochement des centres de décision vers le citoyen afin de mieux prendre en compte les besoins et réalités spécifiques au territoire. Elles se sont ainsi emparées des notions de proximité et de gouvernance, qu'elles s'efforcent de mettre en œuvre au travers de dispositifs participatifs variés. Les municipalités pourraient alors initier le changement en matière de gouvernance culturelle et ainsi favoriser un processus d'égalisation des légitimités. Dans un mouvement inverse dit bottom-up, les citadins sont susceptibles de proposer des formes originales de co-construction de l'action publique. Nous proposons, dans une approche comparative, d'observer les dynamiques participatives dans le champ culturel et d'en apprécier la portée politique et sociale.
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Hascoet, Yannick. "Vers une modification de l'image de la cite d'habitat social ? : lisières métropolitaines et détours « récréa(r)tistes » (Marseille, Paris, Montréal)." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2163/document.
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Cette thèse pose la question de la modification de l’image de la cité d’habitat social, à partir du constat du développement de pratiques touristiques et artistiques en son sein et dans les marges métropolitaines en général. C’est donc plus globalement l’hypothèse d’une revalorisation des lisières socio-spatiales qui est traitée. La cité d’habitat social, plus encore lorsqu’elle s’incarne dans la forme du grand ensemble des décennies 1950-1970, condense le discrédit et donc l’enjeu du questionnement ici traité : les pratiques touristiques et artistiques analysées signent-elles la mise en circulation d’une nouvelle image des cités qu’elles explorent ? Corrélativement, dans quelle mesure peut-on parler de pratiques pionnières ? A partir d’enquêtes sur des terrains marseillais (quartiers nord), parisiens (banlieue populaire des Nord et Sud-Est de Paris) et montréalais (l’ensemble d’habitat social Jeanne-Mance), la thèse expose que ces détours « récréa(r)tistes » interrogent la fabrique de la (re)connaissance des espaces stigmatisés et sont à ce titre porteurs d’enjeux politiques, esthétiques et économiquesThis thesis concerns the development of tourism and art practices in the metropolitan outskirts, in particular in the social housing projects (1950-1970). The central question addressed is : how can tourism and art be a factor of promotion of districts stigmatized by media and political discourse ? Are the studied practices pioneering ? To answer these questions, we selected three fieldworks: the northern suburbs of Marseille, the Northern and South-Eastern suburbs of Paris and a Canadian public housing project, the Habitations Jeanne-Mance in Montréal. Our qualitative study explains that the development of tourism and art practices in the edge of the metropolis questions the production of knowledge on stigmatized areas. Therefore, they involve political, aesthetic and economic issues
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Gold, Daniel. "Lobbying Regulation in Canada and the United States: Political Influence, Democratic Norms and Charter Rights." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40908.
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Lobbying should be strictly regulated – that is the major finding of this thesis. The thesis presents many reasons to enact stricter regulations. The principle one being that, as lightly regulated as it is, lobbying is corroding democracy in both Canada and the United States.
The thesis opens with a deep investigation of how lobbying works in both countries. There are examples taken from the literature, as well as original qualitative interviews of Canadian lobbyists, former politicians, and officials. Together, these make it clear that there is an intimate relationship between lobbying and campaign financing. The link between the two is sufficiently tight that lobbying and campaign financing should be considered mirrors of each other for the purposes of regulatory design and constitutional jurisprudence. They both have large impacts on government decision-making. Left lightly regulated, lobbying and campaign financing erode the processes of democracy, damage policy-making, and feed an inequality spiral into plutocracy. These have become major challenges of our time.
The thesis examines the lobbying regulations currently in place. It finds the regulatory systems of both countries wanting. Since stricter regulation is required to protect democracy and equality, the thesis considers what constitutional constraints, if any, would stand in the way. This, primarily, is a study of how proposed stronger lobbying regulations would interact with the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, s. 2 (free expression and association rights) and s. 3 (democratic rights). The principal findings are that legislation which restricted lobbying as proposed would probably be upheld by the Canadian court, but struck down by the American court, due to differences in their constitutional jurisprudence. The thesis contends that robust lobbying regulations would align with Canadian Charter values, provide benefits to democracy, improve government decision-making, increase equality, and create more room for citizen voices.
The thesis concludes with a set of proposed principles for lobbying reform and an evaluation of two specific reforms: limits on business lobbying and funding for citizen groups. Although the thesis focuses on Canadian and American lobbying regulations, its lessons are broadly applicable to any jurisdiction that is considering regulating lobbying.
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Gallagher, Kathleen. "Monitoring and Evaluating Cycling in Canadian Cities." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/7441.
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Many cities in North America have stated goals in their Official Plans, Transportation Plans, and other municipal documents related to cycling. A common objective is to increase the number and proportion of cyclists for either utilitarian or both utilitarian and recreational trips. To determine whether they are progressing towards achieving their goals, it is necessary that cities periodically and accurately monitor and measure their levels of cycling.
This thesis aims to assess the different methods used for monitoring cycling in Canadian cities, as well as individual cities’ overall monitoring programs. The advantages and disadvantages of different methodologies and technologies are discussed, and best practices are provided. Four case study cities: Vancouver, Halifax, Calgary and Toronto are assessed according to a list of best practices developed by Hudson et al. (2010). Themes and patterns emerge and the cities are compared and contrasted. A summary of Canadian cities’ efforts is presented and the cities are ranked in the following order: #1 Vancouver; #2 Toronto; #3 Calgary; and #4 Halifax.
In addition, the results of two surveys from the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area are compared at the census tract (CT) level to assess their reliability. The Bicycling Share of Work Trips (BSWT) from the Transportation Tomorrow Survey (TTS) and Statistics Canada’s Canadian Census (the Census) is examined to identify whether research from different sources is producing the same results. Geographic Information Systems are used to examine and compare the spatial patterns of the survey results and descriptive statistics are used to quantify the differences. It was found that the surveys are producing significantly different results and that there appears to be little spatial pattern in the difference between them.
This research allows Canadian cities and other interested parties to learn about the various methods for monitoring cycling, to see which methods are being used in Canadian cities, to decide which methods are best for their specific needs, and to more comprehensively understand the BSWT from the Census and the TTS.
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Baker, Shawn. "Education, earnings, and employment: an investigation of immigrants in Canadian cities." 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/4394.
Full textAbstract:
Despite the increasing levels of education possessed by recent immigrants to Canada, the incomes and employment status of newcomers is declining. While there exists a significant body of research that tracks this decline, few focus on immigrants living outside the ‘traditional’ migrant communities of Montreal, Toronto, and Vancouver. This thesis uses data from the 2002 Ethnic Diversity Survey to investigate earnings and employment chances of immigrants and non-immigrants based upon educational achievement throughout Canada. This study divides Canada into four tiers based on the number of immigrants received in order to assess the economic outcomes of the two groups. Economic outcome is judged through the lens of social capital framework and human capital theory to evaluate the influence of social networks and individual accomplishments. Results of the regressions analyses indicate that those who are Canadian-born have stronger returns to education in all but the 3rd-tier though the differences appear to be relatively minimal. Specifically, among foreign-born migrants, living in the 3rd-tier coincides with better earning returns to education while schooling is only important for employment for those residing in 1st-tier centres. Additionally, the influence of social networks is negligible regardless of nativity status. Despite lesser returns to education, immigrants appear to earn more than their native-born counterparts based upon occupation, though the results for employment suggest that reaching this point may be more difficult than for those Canadian-born. Lastly, there seems to be economic opportunities for immigrants outside of the 1st-tier leading to better monetary outcomes. The findings of this project contribute to current immigration literature in Canada and hold implications for the Canadian immigration policy.
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"THE ROLE OF ABORIGINALITY IN REVERSING STRUCTURAL VIOLENCE IN CANADIAN CITIES." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2015-12-2372.
Full textAbstract:
Canada’s Prairie cities are an exciting context for understanding cultural growth and diversification of urban spaces because more and more Aboriginal peoples are identifying and experiencing their lives in the urban realm. At the same time though, urban spaces are also a source for serious cultural and socio-economic challenges for Aboriginal peoples. With the sustained pattern of growth in the urban Aboriginal population experienced in Canada’s Prairie cities today, there is a need for Aboriginal involvement and participation in creating policies and programs for urban Aboriginal peoples.
I explore how the city of Edmonton is engaging with Aboriginal peoples and organizations in the city to enable their rights, needs and aspirations in city planning processes. The thesis engages the concept of “Aboriginality” to explore how Aboriginal cultures can be enabled by urban planning processes to develop and manifest their values and identities in the city so that urban spaces can shift toward decolonized places. Knowledge learned from the research can be used to inform municipalities across Canada on how they can emphasize their Aboriginal heritage as a civic strength for inclusive urban planning in Canada. Engaging Aboriginal peoples and their perspectives in ideas of place-making and civic future seeking will also add more depth to the diversity discourse in mainstream Canada. To explore the research questions, the thesis uses Edmonton as a case study. Interviews involving Aboriginal citizens, Aboriginal organizations, and municipal officials are used as a method for collecting the data needed for the research.
Findings reveal that the City of Edmonton is willing to engage with Aboriginal peoples to integrate their perspectives and cultures in the mainstream of urban life. However, the process is still developing and much more complicated in terms of how different Aboriginal peoples want to be engaged in city planning and associated policy. Citizens express a general fondness for Edmonton and its many opportunities that can improve people’s lives. However, though on the surface the city overflows with promises for opportunity and success, underneath the surface, some Aboriginal peoples experience subtle barriers that diminish their capacity to engage and succeed in the socio-economic spheres of the life in Edmonton. Negative stereotypes persist to discriminate against and exclude Aboriginal peoples as viable constituents of the citizenry of Edmonton. Aboriginal organizations in the city are playing a fundamental role in addressing the acute social pressures that Aboriginals face. These organizations also serve to create a collective Aboriginal voice that stands to challenge the negative stereotypes in addition to fostering a non-judgmental space for healing from the impacts of intergenerational trauma.
The thesis concludes with the point that Aboriginal engagement is an important platform for raising civic literacy on Aboriginal history and its intersection with city planning and development processes in Edmonton. It engages notions of the city’s identity and begins a transformation of the systemic bureaucracies that presume universal citizenship in the public domain.
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Tutchener, Judith Karen. "Globalisation and residential real estate in Canadian cities: a spatial approach." Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/8293.
Full textAbstract:
Research on house prices and housing markets has traditionally been concerned with the
modelling of house price determinants using hedonic regression equations and other methods of
data interpretation. While this research has unveiled some useful insights into the relationships
between housing supply, housing demand, and selling price, more recent work has focused on
the "specialness" of housing as a commodity and the subsequent dismissal of regression
techniques that only serve to throw us into a "statistical soup". Recent research is different in
two key respects. First, forces other than macro-level variables (eg. interest rates and the
availability of finance) and micro-level variables (household income, size, proximity to work)
are believed to contribute to the fluctuations in housing prices over time and through space:
specifically, more subjective evaluations of locational amenity, identity construction, and
community are now considered in the valorisation of housing. Furthermore, newer research also
understands that exogenous influences (eg. immigration, foreign investment) now play a key role
in the determination of residential value.
This research on residential real estate markets in Canada engages in discussions
revolving around the latter of the two approaches using both qualitative and quantitative
methods. At the inter-urban scale, analysis of house price movements in Canada's largest cities
shows the divergence of Toronto and Vancouver from other CMAs, a trend that coincides with
the increasing globalisation of both cities over the last 15 years. Further, intra-urban analyses of
both Toronto and Vancouver demonstrate differential impacts of globalisation and economic
restructuring within each city with particular neighbourhoods being placed on more of a "global"
real estate market (eg. gentrified neighbourhoods, residential areas experiencing offshore
investment, and areas of settlement for wealthy immigrants). The particular impacts of
globalisation are, however, very different in each city and is dependant upon the nature of the
global flows that converge there. Moreover, these results are not politically mute; considerable
effort has been expended in Vancouver at least to obscure the actual effects of
internationalisation on the regional housing market.
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Lent, Vanessa Louise. "In visible cities : envisioning the Canadian prairie city in literature and film." 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/7933.
Full textAbstract:
In my thesis I examine Robert Kroetsch's novel The Studhorse Man (1969), Aritha van Herk's novel Restlessness (1998), and Guy Maddin's film The Saddest Music in the World (2004) to determine how each work uses non-representational narrative strategies in order to reproduce the pedestrian experience of seeing the prairie city. In a tradition that is predominantly associated with rural landscapes, there is a struggle for artists who work outside of what has come to be known as "authentic" prairie symbols and themes: the empty and barren land, the farmer struggling with his fields, the lonely wife sequestered in her home. Such icons came to be established within the formative years of artistic development in the prairies. In literature, this movement is known as "prairie realism" and featured linear trajectories and narrative continuity. It was not until the latter half of the twentieth century that prairie literature began to react against these realist narrative forms and experiment with more fragmented, abstract forms that, instead of being based on linear trajectories, adopted spatial narrative constructions. Such spatialization abandons narrative continuity in order to more closely represent the mechanics of human perception. Instead of producing a mimetic style of narrative, which attempts to mirror the surface of the world resulting in a flat, one-dimensional plane, these artists produced a mimesis of effect, which attempts to mirror the workings of human consciousness resulting in a fragmented, multi-layered construction. Such a spatialization, I argue, allows artists to more easily enter into the urban prairie landscape because it effectively recreates the "imaginative reconstruction" the city's pedestrian must perform in order to make the "partial visibilities" of the cityscape comprehensible.
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Toop, Erin Carrie. "Understanding Accessibility in Midsize Cities: An Empirical Analysis of Canadian Cities, and Case Studies of Kamloops, British Columbia and Milton, Ontario." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/42958.
Full textAbstract:
Midsize cities face a number of sustainability challenges, particularly in terms of transportation
and land use, however only a small subset of the literature has addressed these issues.
Examination of the literature reveals two reasons for this: there is no consensus on a definition of
midsize cities used for transportation research purposes, and there is very little empirical
understanding of midsize city characteristics. This thesis addresses both of these issues. In order
to establish the bigger picture, an empirical classification of Canadian cities is completed and
used as a tool to analyze the travel behaviour characteristics of Canadian midsize cities. This
work is followed by two detailed case studies of midsize Canadian cities – the City of Kamloops,
British Columbia, and the Town of Milton, Ontario. The case studies employ both qualitative and
quantitative research methods to explore the context around travel behaviour in each community.
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Remes, Jacob Aaron Carliner. "Cities of Comrades: Urban Disasters and the Formation of the North American Progressive State." Diss., 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/2997.
Full textAbstract:
A fire in Salem, Mass., in 1914 and an explosion in Halifax, N.S., in 1917 provide an opportunity to explore working-class institutions and organizations in the United States-Canada borderlands. In a historical moment in which the state greatly expanded its responsibility to give protection and rescue to its citizens, after these two disasters ordinary survivors preferred to depend on their friends, neighbors, and family members. This dissertation examines which institutions--including formal organizations like unions and fraternal societies as well as informal groups like families and neighborhoods--were most relevant and useful to working-class survivors. Families, neighbors, friends, and coworkers had patterns and traditions of self-help, informal order, and solidarity that they developed before crisis hit their cities. Those traditions were put to unusual purposes and extreme stress when the disasters happened. They were also challenged by new agents of the state, who were given extraordinary powers in the wake of the disasters. This dissertation describes how the working-class people who most directly experienced the disasters understood them and their cities starkly differently than the professionalized relief authorities.
Using a wide array of sources--including government documents, published accounts, archived ephemeral, oral histories, photographs, newspapers in two languages, and the case files of the Halifax Relief Commission--the dissertation describes how elites imposed a progressive state on what they imagined to be a fractured and chaotic social landscape. It argues that "the people" for whom reformers claimed to speak had their own durable, alternative modes of support and rescue that they quickly and effectively mobilized in times of crisis, but which remained illegible to elites. By demonstrating the personal, ideological, political, and practical ties between New England and Nova Scotia and Quebec, it also emphasizes the importance of studying American and Canadian history together, not only comparatively but as a transnational, North American whole.
Dissertation
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Regenstreif, Avrum. "An urban planning method for modelling energy use with application to selected Canadian cities." 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/28668.
Full text
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Luo, Xue. "Spatial Patterns of Neighbourhood Crime in Canadian Cities: The Influence of Neighbourhood and City Contexts." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/6489.
Full textAbstract:
The main goal of this study is to investigate the spatial patterns of police-reported crime rates across select Canadian urban neighbourhoods and to explore their relationships with both neighbourhood- and city-level characteristics, as well as neighbourhood spatial dependence. Analyses were based on aggregated data from the 2001 Incident-Based Uniform Crime Reporting Survey (UCR2) and the Census of Population for six Canadian cities: Edmonton, Halifax, Montreal, Saskatoon, Thunder Bay and Toronto. Exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) was used to examine the spatial distribution of crime as well as to test for spatial dependence in the crime data. By using multilevel modelling and spatial regression techniques, neighbourhood violent and property crime rates were modeled respectively as a function of both city- and neighbourhood-level contextual variables while controlling for spatial dependence. The results show that crime is not distributed randomly, but tends to be concentrated in particular neighbourhoods, notably around the city centers of these cities. Neighbourhood variance in crime rates is not only dependent on local neighbourhood characteristics, but also on the characteristics of surrounding neighbourhoods, as well as the broader city environment where neighbourhoods are embedded. These findings suggest that strategies aimed at preventing or reducing crime should be developed in light of specific local neighbourhood contexts, while taking into account social forces external to the immediate neighbourhood in the wider social environment.
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Currie, Liam. "The Role of Canadian Municipal Open Data: A Multi-city Evaluation." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/8159.
Full textAbstract:
In this thesis I undertake a study of Canadian municipal open data initiatives in order to assess the current state of the programs and to gauge the role(s) that these initiatives may play in regards to improving public engagement in local government issues. After an initial literature review, I adopt two separate approaches. The first approach involves the creation of an inventory and evaluation of the contents of all twenty three (23) Canadian municipal open data catalogues in existence during the summer of 2012. The second approach involves asking questions of key informants in the field through the execution of nineteen (19) semi-structured interviews with open data experts from both government and civic realms in ten (10) case study cities across the country.
The results of the research illustrate the major differences and similarities between the structure, output, and roles of open data initiatives in various Canadian cities. The data provided by these programs mostly consists of politically neutral geographic data, though there are a few exceptions. I find two major program structures in Canadian cities: (1) The first type of open data program is created and operates within a specific municipal department and the (2) second type of program operates across a number of departments. Each approach has its own benefits and challenges. The open data initiatives across Canadian cities also appear to have different approaches to public engagement. Several cities have developed strong collaborative relationships with local open data advocates which are explored in some detail. Larger themes about the current state of open data, its current and future role, and the challenges faced by operators and users, are also described in this thesis. I conclude with some recommendations for improving municipal open data initiatives in the future.Thesis (Master, Geography) -- Queen's University, 2013-08-12 11:27:50.037