Dissertations / Theses: 'Canadian (English) and American'

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Tokuda, Soichiro. "Where is "home" for Japanese-Americans?" Thesis, State University of New York at Binghamton, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3590779.

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This study explores the issue of Japanese internment camp in the United States and Canada during World War Two. It argues that Japanese immigrants, who were totally innocent, became historical victims and experienced camp. During World War Two, the Japanese army attacked Pearl Harbor, a territory of the United States. This incident made mainstream American and Canadian society suspicious of Japanese immigrants, who had the same ethnicity and blood as the army, the "enemies." This study is an attempt to find the voice and feelings of those who had to experience trauma in camp. As subaltern figures, all they had to do was endure and accept their fate. As immigrants, who seemed not to have English fluency, they had to accept the requirements of America or Canada in order to be allowed to live. At the same time, this study seeks to analyze how Japanese-Americans and -Canadians forged their identity after overcoming the trauma of camp and the agony of assimilation. In so doing, this dissertation considers the work of four novelists who have written about these difficult issues. Chapter 1 explains how other Asians – Koreans and Chinese – were affected by the Japanese army and how mainstream society looked at Japanese immigrants. Chapters 2 and 3 explore Joy Kogawa's Obasan and Itsuka. Naomi, the protagonist, struggles to find a sense of "home-ness." Chapter 4 examines Monica Sone's Nisei Daughter. Kazuko, the protagonist, has to experience negative aspects of the United States. Chapter 5 explores Jeanne Wakatsuki Houston's Farewell to Manzanar. Jeanne, the protagonist, has to go through painful experiences and racism up to the last section of the novel. Chapter 6 analyzes John Okada's No-No Boy. Ichiro, the protagonist, suffers self-alienation. He cannot fix his identity between his duality until he can find his "home." Chapter 7 examines the authors' intentions and asks in which direction Japanese-Americans and -Canadians can move forward in the future.

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Montoya, Martinez Lilliana Maria. "Translation as a metaphor in the transcultural writing of two Latino Canadian authors, Carmen Rodriguez and Sergio Kokis." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28099.

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More often than not, in theoretical discussions about translation, there has been a predominance of Western thought (Tymoczko, 2006). This dominance has been reflected principally in the concentration on linguistic aspects of translation, as well as in the importance given to written texts over any other form of expression. This fact has led to skepticism about metaphorical or non-linguistic studies of translation and non-Western approaches to this field. Nevertheless, there is a growing belief in Translation Studies that translation does not always involve a textual or linguistic practice, but that it can also take place within only one language, and even more, without implying any text at all (Bhabha, 1994; Venuti, 1992; Douglas, 1997; Young, 2003). Moving in that same direction, this thesis offers a metaphorical approach to translation that attempts to expand the boundaries of Translation Studies and resist certain previous Western-oriented conceptualizations of translation. Through examination of the works and a body to remember with and Le pavillon des mirors, written by Carmen Rodriguez and Sergio Kokis, respectively, this thesis contends that their fictional characters may be considered as both linguistically and culturally "translated beings" (Rushdie, 1991). Throughout this discussion, the concept of metaphorical translation refers to the never-ending process of transformation and transculturation that Rodriguez and Kokis' fictional characters undergo in their migrant experience. In other words, this thesis examines Rodriguez and Kokis' literary representations of migrants and their experience with translation as a transformation process. The dislocation caused by migration takes the form of social, linguistic, cultural, and psychological disarticulations, which are typified through images and metaphors of translation. These images and metaphors represent the main focus of analysis in this study. Therefore, this thesis brings about a broader idea of translation than the explicit interlingual transference of meaning. Both migration and its subsequent cultural mingling produce complex situations that are discussed in the works analyzed. First, this thesis examines the spatial and temporal related images and metaphors of translation within Rodriguez and Kokis' works. The aim here is to determine how these characters manage to overcome the loss of their place after migration and how this fact affects their roots. Second, in an attempt to evaluate whether the metaphorical translation of Rodriguez and Kokis' characters symbolizes a successful or a failed translation, this thesis considers specific aspects in characters' identity construction throughout the stories. Finally, their discourses are evaluated to discuss the linguistic conflicts stemming from the tension between mother tongue and adoptive language.

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Fehrle, Johannes [Verfasser], and Wolfgang [Akademischer Betreuer] Hochbruck. "Revisionist westerns in Canadian and U.S. American literature." Freiburg : Universität, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1122647484/34.

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Abdoo, Jayma Ann. "The Scourge of "Discovery": A Case Study of the Genocide of Native Americans in English North America." W&M ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625768.

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Andrews, Jennifer Courtney Elizabeth. "Fields of wry, serious laughter, humour, and nation in nineteenth- and twentieth-century English-Canadian and American fiction." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0024/NQ50033.pdf.

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Sauble-Otto, Lorie Gwen. "Writing in subversive space: Language and the body in feminist science fiction in French and English." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/279786.

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This dissertation examines the themes of subversive language and representations of the body in an eclectic selection of feminist science fiction texts in French and English from a French materialist feminist point of view. The goal of this project is to bring together the theories of French materialist feminism and the theories and fictions of feminist science fiction. Chapter One of this dissertation seeks to clarify the main concepts that form the ideological core of French materialist feminism. Theoretical writings by Monique Wittig, Christine Delphy, Colette Guillaumin, Nicole-Claude Mathieu provide the methodological base for an analysis of the oppression of women. Works by American author Suzy McKee Charnas and Quebecois author Elisabeth Vonarburg provide fictional representations of what Wittig calls "the category of sex". Imagery that destabilizes our notions about sex is studied in Angela Carter's The Passion of New Eve. French materialist feminism maintains that the oppression of women consists of an economical exploitation and a physical appropriation. The second chapter of this dissertation looks at images of women working and images of (re)production in science fiction by Quebecois authors Esher Rochon, Louky Bersianik, Elisabeth Vonarburg, and American authors Ursula Le Guin, Joanna Russ, Marge Piercy, James Tiptree, Jr., Suzy McKee Charnas and Octavia Butler. The third chapter examines the theme of justified anger, as expressed in feminist science fiction, when women become aware of their own oppression. In addition to authors already mentioned above, I take examples from works in English by Kit Reed & Suzette Haden Elgin, and in French, by Marie Darrieussecq, Joelle Wintrebert and Jacqueline Harpman. Chapter Four seeks to show the importance of the act of writing and producing a text as a recurring theme in feminist science fiction. Highlighted examples from works by many authors including Elisabeth Vonarburg and Suzette Haden Elgin are representational of what Wittig calls "the mark of gender", the use of pronouns, marked speech and linguistic experimentation and invention.

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Lam, Alfred. "Preaching in Canadian English speaking Chinese congregations a year 2 preaching course /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1999. http://www.tren.com.

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Marshall, Christine Lowella. "The re-presented Indian: Pauline Johnson's "Strong Race Opinion" and other forgotten discourses." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/288722.

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The daughter of a Mohawk chief and an English immigrant, Pauline Johnson had an unusual childhood which exposed her to Shakespeare and Byron, as well as to her Mohawk grandfather's ancient stories. Her writing reflected her parents' optimism and belief that her dual heritage was the beginning of a new world in which native values and abilities would be integrated as important contributions to Canadian society as a whole. For nearly seventeen years Johnson toured Canada, the United States, and England, reciting her own poetry and adding her own humorous observations. Aware that her special draw to her audiences was her native heritage, Johnson assumed the stage persona of "The Mohawk Princess," and wore a buckskin dress, moccasins, a bearclaw necklace, and other accouterments as she recited angry poems protesting white treatment of native peoples. In the second half of her performance, however, she changed into an evening gown, thereby subverting her audience's expectation of the stereotyped identity, "Indian." Although her performances succeeded in disrupting, for an evening, the dominant colonial discourse, she was ultimately co-opted as a sentimental trope and today is often dismissed as a serious writer. However, such dismissal overlooks the fact that Pauline Johnson was the first and only native writer to make her living from her writing. During the four years between her retirement from the recital platform and her death in 1913, she produced more than 80 short stories that appeared in national magazines. This dissertation examines examples of the colonial discourse of her contemporaries and Johnson's response to such discourse for clues to her current near-exclusion from the Native American literary canon.

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Melvin, Catherine Eda. "Cross-cultural representations: The construction of "America" after September 11th in English Canadian, Quebec and French print media." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26982.

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The cultural turn in Translation Studies is the name given to the shift from an inter-lingual approach to the study of translation to an inter-cultural one. Since the cultural turn, meaning is no longer considered to be reducible to the level of word, sentence or even text within a specific situation of utterance. Instead, culture as a whole is considered to be the prime locus of meaning. Translators, then, are not expected to be simply bilingual, but to be bi-cultural. This thesis is a comparative discourse analysis that explores how pre-existing discourses in English Canada, Quebec and France affect the representation of the United States in print media coverage following terrorist attacks in New York and Washington on September 11th, 2001. More specifically, the impact of the discourse of counter-Americanism in English Canada is analyzed in a corpus of newspaper articles selected from five major Canadian dailies. Similarly, articles from Le Devoir and La Presse are analyzed in relation to the discourse of americanite in Quebec and articles from Le Monde are analyzed in relation to the discourse of anti-Americanism in France. In each case, the construction of an American identity can be traced to the specific geographical, historical, political and economic relationships of each country to the U.S. This means that representations of an American Other serve primarily to support representations of self, thus revealing the relative and constructed nature of national identity. Drawing on scholars in both Cultural Studies and Communications, this study outlines how discourse constructs national identity. In addition, it illustrates how identity discourses affect the construction and interpretation of meaning, thus meriting attention in the field of Translation Studies. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

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Black, Ari. "Hands Over Our Ears: Tensions In the Liminal Spaces Concerning English as a Second Language Education for d/Deaf Newcomers to Canada." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39824.

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This thesis by article investigates the question “What discourses are (re)produced by policy documents and administrators relating to ESL programmes for Deaf newcomers to Canada?” The surrounding monograph begins with a description of the research context and a review of the relevant literature and ends with concluding remarks. The article contains a condensed version of the context and literature review, the methodology, discussion, conclusions, and relevance to the field of education. The research uses discourse analysis to examine federal, provincial, and schoolboard documents, and participant interviews. There were two participants, one Deaf and one hearing, who both administer ESL programmes for Deaf newcomers. The findings suggest that both the policy documents and the participants exist in tensions between the majority Discourse and the Deaf community Discourse. This area of research is pertinent to second language education for Deaf newcomers, a growing population in the wake of mass-migrations.

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Hagiwara, Tomoko. "Children in fiction and reality, the British Colonies in North America and Canada in the nineteenth century." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ26919.pdf.

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Richards, Donna Jean. "Prestige and standard in Canadian English : Prestige and standard in Canadian English :." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29172.

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A survey of the use of standard and prestige in general descriptions of English, and of Canadian English in particular, reveals terminological confusion caused by the similarity of the two concepts and by cultural differences among the national dialects being discussed. This work argues, however, that these concepts can and should be distinguished. Once working definitions for both terms are formulated, they are tested against data from the Survey of Vancouver English. Vancouver English reveals little or no evidence of prestige, defined as "that variety (or those forms) used by the highest socio-economic group and emulated by others." The absence of a highest socio-economic group sufficiently well established to provide forms for others to emulate may explain this result, since, in Vancouver, social homogeneity seems to complement the geographical homogeneity that typifies Canadian English. While Vancouver English does reveal evidence of standard, defined as "that variety used by the majority of speakers and typified by correctness," the evidence also suggests that the notion of standard may need to be refined. The effect of various social factors on correctness is analyzed in order to provide a more precise notion of what "correctness" reflects, and education is found to contribute significantly to correctness. Furthermore, consideration of the four processes of standardization -- selection, codification, elaboration of function and acceptance -- in Canadian English confirms the importance of education to standardization and suggests not only that a standard exists in Canadian English but also that Canadian English is a standard variety distinct from other varieties of English. Standard is thus redefined to reflect more directly the role of correctness and the centrality of the four processes to standardization. The study concludes with a brief reconsideration of standard and prestige in light of these Canadian findings and suggests directions for further research.
Arts, Faculty of
English, Department of
Graduate

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Fee, Margery. "Canadian Literature and English Studies in the Canadian University." Essays on Canadian Writing, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/11661.

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English Studies began in Canada in 1884 at Dalhousie University; Canadian literature was first taught at the post-secondary level in 1907 at the Ontario Agricultural College in Guelph. Arnoldian humanism dominated the outlook of early professors of English in Canada. Their feeling that Canadian literature was not among "the best" explains why so few courses appeared in Canadian universities, despite nationalist pressure from students. About 5-10% of courses then were devoted to Canadian literature in the English curriculum and this (except in Quebec) remains the case today.

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Pauly, Susanne. "Madness in English-Canadian fiction." [S.l. : s.n.], 1999. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=961035455.

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Hofmann, Matthias. "Mainland Canadian English in Newfoundland." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-172221.

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The variety of middle-class speakers in St. John’s conforms to some degree to mainland Canadian-English pronunciation norms, but in complex and distinctive ways (Clarke, 1985, 1991, 2010; D’Arcy, 2005; Hollett, 2006). One as yet unresolved question is whether speakers of this variety participate in the Canadian Shift (cf. Clarke, 2012; Chambers, 2012), a chain shift of the lax front vowels that has been confirmed for many different regions of Canada (e.g. Roeder and Gardner, 2013, for Thunder Bay and Toronto, Sadlier-Brown and Tamminga, 2008, for Halifax and Vancouver). While acoustic phonetic analyses of St. John’s English are rare, some claims have been made that urban St. John’s speakers do not participate in the shift, based on two or six speakers (Labov, Ash & Boberg, 2006; Boberg 2010). Other researchers with larger data sets suggest that younger St. John’s speakers participate in mainland Canadians innovations to different degrees than mainlanders (e.g. Hollett, 2006). The Canadian Shift has not been uniformly defined, but agreement exists that with the low-back merger in place, BATH/TRAP retracts and consequently DRESS lowers. Clarke et al. (1995), unlike Labov et al. (2006), assert that KIT is subsequently lowered. Boberg (2005, 2010), however, emphasizes retraction of KIT and DRESS and suggests unrelated parallel shifts instead. In this PhD thesis, I demonstrate the presence of the Canadian Shift in St. John’s, NL, conforming to Clarke et al.’s (1995) original proposal. In my stratified randomly-sampled data (approx. 10,000 vowels, 34 interviewees, stratified as to age, gender, socioeconomic status, and “local-ness”), results from Euclidean distance measures, correlation coefficients, and linear, as well as logistic, mixed-effects regression show that (1) young St. John’s speakers clearly participate in the shift; and that (2) age has the strongest and a linear effect. Continuous modeling of age yields even more significant results for participation in a classic chain shift (6% decrease in lowering per added year). My findings also confirm that the change seems to have entered the system via formal styles (cf. Clarke, 1991, 2010, for TRAP in St. John’s). Traditionally, the linguistic homogeneity on a phonetic level of the Canadian middle class has been explained by Canada’s settlement and migration patterns of the North American Loyalists from Ontario to the west (cf. Chambers, 2009). Newfoundland’s settlement is distinct, in that the British and the Irish were the only two relevant sources. If settlement were the only crucial reason for a shared pronunciation of Canada’s middle class from Vancouver to St. John’s, the Canadian Shift should be absent in the latter region. I suggest three reasons for middle-class St. John’s’ participation in the Canadian Shift: 1) Newfoundland’s 300-year-old rural-urban divide as a result of its isolation, through which British/Irish features are attributed to rural und lower social class speakers; 2) the development of the oil industry since the 1990’s, through which social networks changed according to the perception of social distance/closeness; and 3) the importance of the linguistic marketplace, which is high in St. John’s due to 1) and 2).

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Locke, Sharon. "Canadian musique: English to French translation in contemporary Canadian music." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26962.

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This thesis examines translation in English Canadian music of the late 20th/early 21st century and the challenges unique to song translation. It first explores this increasingly apparent trend in the light of Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) regulations, and then studies the history and background of Canadian music. It then looks at song translation as a form of poetry translation, to study the challenges faced in the process and the solutions found, focussing specifically on the translation of various poetic devices used in the corpus. Further, it examines the intentions that generate these translations and seeks to analyze the finished products in the light of these motivations. Do musical groups translate their work in order to expand their horizons and explore another culture, or do they do so primarily to expand the fan base and generate more revenue? And what methods are used to deal with all the inherent restrictions of song translation? What does the finished product tell the listener about the intention of the translation?

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Mohindra, Karen. "The professionalization of English Canadian philosophy." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9747.

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Graves, Roger. "Writing instruction in Canadian universities /." The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487758680160531.

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Kaufman, Anne Lee. "Shaping infinity American and Canadian women write a North American west /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/173.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2003.
Thesis research directed by: English Language and Literature. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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Ericson, Holly Anne. "AN INTONATIONAL ANALYSIS OF MEXICAN AMERICAN ENGLISH IN COMPARISON TO ANGLO AMERICAN ENGLISH." NCSU, 2007. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-03222007-124316/.

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Until recently, intonational aspects of Mexican American English have received little to no attention. The research that has been conducted (Fought 2003; Penfield and Ornstein-Galicia 1985; Metcalf 1972) is a good start, but needs more precision and rigor. There is a need to describe this prosodic feature in more accurate terms than line drawings accompanied by a narrow number scale (Metcalf 1972). In 1992 Beckman and Hirschberg proposed their solution to this gap with the ToBI Annotation Conventions, which is the current model used for measuring intonation. This thesis uses ToBI conventions in conjunction with Praat spectrograms to compare the intonation of Mexican American English to Anglo American English. Results indicate that speakers of these two groups do typically differ in intonational patterns, most noticeably in final contours and pitch accents. These intonational differences contribute to the distinctness of each variety, which can cause misunderstandings in communication (e.g.: MAE declarative mistaken for interrogative). The results of this study contribute to the understanding of Mexican American English and to the comparative examination of intonation based on natural conversation.

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Peacock, Charles. "A comparison of selected French-Canadian, Australian and English-Canadian novels : 1769-1908." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9997.

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When Jacques Cartier made landfall at Gaspe in 1534,the world which was known to Europeans was still a very small place. To Cartier and his men it must have seemed unimaginably vast, having sailed for three weeks across the Northern Ocean, and what maps of the world he might have seen would have confirmed this impression. The rudimentary outline of the eastern coast of North America soon faded off to the west into 'Terra Incognita', The Southern hemisphere of Cartier's map would have been dominated by the huge expanse of 'el mar Pacifico' as Magellan had recently named it. Along the Southern edge a vague line marked the undiscovered continent of 'Terra Australis Incognita'.

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Audet, Josée Lyne. "Canadian magic : a study of myths in English-Canadian and Québec magic realism." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10059.

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Résumé: Le "magic realism" existe depuis plusieurs années, mais les critiques littéraires semblent l'avoir ignoré. Seulement quelques personnes, surtout dans l'ouest canadien, semblent croire qu'il a une valeur. Même si ce genre littéraire est présent dans la littérature québécoise le seul terme français connu pour le qualifier est la traduction "réalisme magique" qui ne rend pas le sens exact du genre. Le style est plus reconnu au Canada anglais, mais a rarement été étudié. Geoff Hancock est probablement celui qui a fait le plus dans ce domaine; il a publié plusieurs articles, une collection de nouvelles et a participé à la conférence sur le réalisme magique à l'Université de Waterloo en 1985. C'est probablement à cause de sa "magie" que le réalisme magique a de la difficulté à se faire prendre au sérieux dans le monde littéraire. S'il est vrai que le message que transmet un mélange de réalisme et de magie peut sembler superficiel, il n'en reste pas moins qu'à plusieurs égards il reflète une plus grande réalité que le simple réalisme. Parce que le réalisme magique utilise les mythes et légendes d'une société, il en exprime la réalité dans toutes ses dimensions. La première question à se poser est: Qu'est-ce que le réalisme magique? Dans son livre Magic Realism, Geoff Hancock définit le réalisme magique comme étant le mélange d'éléments fantastiques à la vie de tous les jours. Ceci en est la définition la plus simple, mais le réalisme magique est beaucoup plus complexe que ça. Certains disent que le réalisme magique est plus réel que le réalisme parce qu'il examine un imaginaire qui fait intégralement partie de la réalité d'un peuple. […]||Abstract: Magic realism has existed for years, but for some reason scholars have, to a certain extent, ignored it. Only a few people seem to think it is worthy of study. One proof of this is that, although the style exists in Québec literature, there is no equivalent to the expression "magic realism" in French. Novels written in the style in Québec have been studied from every angle except this one, as if scholars in Québec do not know the style even exists, or they do not want to recognise it. They most often refer to the magical elements of these novels as the characters' imagination at play and give them a meaning according to that role. In English-Canadian literature the style is recognised but has rarely been studied. Only a few people, mostly in Western Canada, seem to be interested in the matter. Geoff Hancock is probably the one who did the most in this field; he has published several articles, a collection of short stories, and participated in the conference on magic realism at the University of Waterloo in 1985.[...]

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McIntosh, Andrew. "Exhibit Eh: Canadian Dependency, U.S. Hegemony, and the Amorphousness of English Canadian Culture." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1999. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2197/.

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This thesis begins by examining the factors that have resulted in the dependent nature of Canada's political and economic structure, and proceeds to examine how this has contributed to the cultural amorphousness of English Canadian identity. The hegemonic authority of American and trans-national interests, established and maintained in the cultural sphere through the extensive monopoly of the distribution of cultural and media products, perpetuates the amorphousness of English Canadian culture through the appropriation of Canadian space by the international image industry. Such categorization of Canadian space reflects and perpetuates the imaginary representation of Canada within the dominant ideology as an indistinct and amorphous entity, and comes to usurp the materiality that constructs the lived identities of English Canadians.

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Pinto, Meg. "Reconciliation in Canadian museums." Thesis, University of East Anglia (United Kingdom), 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3708258.

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Since the late 1980s, Canadian museum personnel have been actively engaged in collaboration with Aboriginal communities on issues to do with exhibition design and collections management. Despite these collaborative successes, tensions between museum employees and Aboriginal community members are commonplace, indicating that problems still remain within the relationships that have developed.

This thesis examines the implications of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada for the future of museum practice. It argues that unresolved colonial trauma is preventing those in the museum field from moving past an initial phase of relationshipbuilding to a successful era of partnership. When viewed through the lens of trauma, the museum field is heavily influenced by denial on the part of museum personnel as to the extent of violence committed against Aboriginal peoples at Indian Residential Schools and the resulting level of dysfunction present in current relationships between Aboriginal communities and non-Aboriginal museum employees. I provide a revised account of Canadian history, which includes the aspects of colonialism that are most often censored, in order to situate these problems as part of the historical trauma that is deeply embedded in Canadian society itself.

John Ralston Saul’s concept of the Métis nation is used as a framework for reconciliation, portraying Canada as a country that is heavily influenced by its Aboriginal origins despite the majority belief that the national culture has been derived from European social values. As a response to this proposition, the Circle is presented as the primary Canadian philosophical tenet that should guide both museum practice and Canadian society in the future.

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Stacey, Robert David. "The transformed pastoral in recent English-Canadian literature." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23359.

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This thesis examines the use of the pastoral form in recent Canadian literature. As the pastoral constitutes a literary site where a concern for landscape converges with a search for community, it has been employed as a myth in nationalist discourses whose functioning depend heavily on symbolized landscapes and idealized social types. The philosophical basis of the pastoral is the classical opposition between nature and culture. For this reason, its representations are often coded as 'natural'. To this extent, the pastoral participates in a hegemonic myth-making system, constituting a limited semiotic field in which certain representations are privileged while others are negated. Following Marx and Barthes, the thesis contends that an attack the nature/culture opposition is essential to undermining the hegemony of the myth-making process. In the context of nationalism, a pastoral can articulate a critique of dominant a 'naturalized' representations when it questions its own use of the nature/culture opposition.

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Libin, Mark. "Commencement exercises, toward beginnings in English-Canadian literature." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0017/NQ45010.pdf.

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Morgan, Jason. "Perversion and national subjectivity in English Canadian cinema." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0021/MQ55162.pdf.

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Durnin, Katherine Joanne. "Métis representations in English and French-Canadian literature." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ65030.pdf.

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Yoshizumi, Yukiko. "A Canadian Perspective on Japanese-English Language Contact." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34328.

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This dissertation investigates the linguistic outcomes of Japanese-English language contact in Canada. Adopting a sociolinguistic variationist framework (Labov 1966; Sankoff & Labov 1985), the main objective is to determine whether or not Japanese spoken in Canada (hereafter, heritage Japanese) is showing structural change due to prolonged contact with English. The study is based on naturalistic speech data collected from 16 Japanese-English bilingual speakers in Canada. A key component of this dissertation is the use of a comparative sociolinguistic framework (Poplack and Tagliamonte 2001; Tagliamonte 2002) to assess structural affinities between heritage Japanese and the homeland Japanese benchmark variety. Speech patterns in heritage Japanese are systematically compared with patterns found in a commensurate monolingual benchmark variety of Japanese with regard to three linguistic variables, which are considered to be vulnerable to contact-induced language change (i.e. Bullock 2004, Sorace 2011). In terms of the first variable analyzed, variable realization of subject pronouns, it was found that the underlying grammar in heritage Japanese is shared by the homeland benchmark variety, showing that the variable is conditioned by the factor groups of subject continuity (i.e. switch reference) and grammatical person; the null variant is favoured by the same subject referent and the second person pronoun. Second, with regard to variable case marking on subject nouns and variable case marking on direct object nouns, it was found that the same underlying grammar is shared for case marking. For example, the constraint hierarchies in heritage Japanese were identical with those in the homeland variety for focus particles, with presence of a focus particle favouring null marking consistently for all types of nouns (i.e. English-origin nouns and Japanese nouns in heritage Japanese, and Japanese nouns and loanwords in homeland Japanese). The constraint hierarchies (and direction of the effect) for the other significant factor groups of verbal adjacency and sentence-final particle were identical between heritage Japanese and the homeland variety, with the exception of a reversed direction of effect for loanword subject nouns in heritage Japanese for the non-significant factor group of verbal adjacency, and a neutralized effect for Japanese nouns in heritage Japanese and loanwords in homeland Japanese when these nouns are located in direct object position. Considered in the aggregate, constraint hierarchies were found to exhibit a number of parallels across comparison varieties. This finding bolsters the general conclusion that there is little evidence indicating that extensive contact with English has had any discernible impact on structural patterns in these sectors of the heritage grammar. Furthermore, it was shown that no social factor group (i.e. length of stay in Canada) has an appreciable effect on heritage Japanese. Summarizing, the multiple lines of evidence emerging from the empirical quantitative analyses of the variables targeted in this dissertation converge in indicating that heritage Japanese, as spoken in Canada, broadly shares the same underlying grammar as homeland Japanese. Structural affinities in variable patterning shared by heritage and homeland varieties reveal little compelling evidence indicating that heritage Japanese exhibits structural change due to contact with English.

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Suchacka, Weronika [Verfasser]. "“Za Hranetsiu” – “Beyond the Border”: Constructions of Identities in Ukrainian-Canadian Literature / Weronika Suchacka." Greifswald : Universitätsbibliothek Greifswald, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1023989972/34.

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Graham, Catherine (Catherine Elizabeth). "Dramaturgy and community-building in Canadian popular theatre : English Canadian, Québécois, and native approaches." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=42044.

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The Canadian popular theatre movement's refusal to accept one of the key binary oppositions that organizes Euroamerican theatre practice, the split between community-based and professional theatre, makes it a particularly interesting subject of inquiry for theatre scholars. This dissertation develops a methodology for analyzing this movement by approaching theatre, not as a unified institution or a series of texts, but as a mode of cognition that can overcome another of the basic binary oppositions of modern Euroamerican thought, the opposition between mind and body. Following an introductory chapter that situates the Canadian popular theatre movement in the context of recent Canadian theatre history and of other popular theatre movements around the world, a theoretical chapter lays the foundation for this methodology by exploring such key terms as "community," "professional," and "theatrical." It suggests that theatre is a particularly appropriate cognitive tool for building participatory community in heterogeneous social milieus. Chapters 3, 4, and 5 analyze three stages in the popular theatre process in these terms. Chapter 3 looks at how methods of organizing community workshops put in place particular forms of community. Chapter 4 explores the ways in which the dramaturgic structures of plays created by Headlines Theatre, the Theatre Parminou, and Red Roots Community Theatre are formed both by their creation processes and by their analyses of the problems in the dominant public spheres of the larger society. Chapter 5 looks at the specific contribution professional theatre workers make in focusing audience attention on key elements in community participants' stories. The dissertation concludes by suggesting that popular theatre events can be most fairly evaluated by looking at their contribution to the creation of new categories of thought through which we might publicly discuss and enact truly participatory communities.

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Graham, Catherine. "Dramaturgy and community-building in Canadian popular theatre, English Canadian, Québécois, and Native approaches." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ29949.pdf.

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Eisenhower, Kristina. "American attitudes toward accented English." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=79762.

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This study draws on previous research (e.g., Labov, 1969; Carranza & Ryan, 1975; Brennan & Brennan, 1981; Alford & Strother, 1990) which has revealed and confirmed the many language stereotypes and biases in existence in the United States The present study differs from earlier investigations in that it specifically addresses the current-day attitudes of American English speakers toward a selection of accents that include both native (U.S. regional) and nonnative (foreign or ethnic) accents of English.
The purpose of the present study was to determine the evaluative reactions of an American-born audience toward accented English speech. Fifty-three American college students listened to an audio recording of eight accented English speakers, four representing regional U.S. accent groups and four representing ethnic or foreign accent groups. The students' evaluative reactions indicated favoritism toward the American English speakers with a consistent downgrading of the ethnic speakers. Analysis of the personality ratings suggests that participants based their judgments to some extent on their perceptions of the accented speakers in terms of three dimensions: appeal, accommodation and aspiration. The conceptual affinity of these three dimensions and the subsequent revelation of three-dimensional model of "absolute accommodation" are discussed.
This exploratory study clearly implies a need for further research, particularly into educational programs or interventions aimed at countering the negative attitudes and stereotypes associated with language variety.

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Pearson, Matthew John. "English and American surrealist writing." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262394.

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Krampe, Christian J. [Verfasser]. "The Past is Present : The African-Canadian Experience in Lawrence Hill’s Fiction / Christian J. Krampe." Frankfurt : Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1042418543/34.

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McCutcheon, Jo-Anne M. "Clothing children in English Canada, 1870 to 1930." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq66173.pdf.

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Bast, Heike [Verfasser]. ""The Quiltings of Human Flesh" - Constructions of Racial Hybridity in Contemporary African-Canadian Literature / Heike Bast." Greifswald : Universitätsbibliothek Greifswald, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1043328947/34.

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Fee, Margery. "French Borrowing in Quebec English." Anglistik: International Journal of English Studies, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/11671.

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Provides an overview of work on the effects of Quebec French (QF) on Quebec English (QE) since 1977. Argues that the framework used by sociolinguists is too narrow methodologically, excluding conversations in English between people whose first languages are different and ignoring the deliberate use of language for political effect. Examines some cognate nouns to show how meanings in QE have shifted because of knowledge of QF.

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Kaminsky, David Alan. "Polite fictions, AIDS and rhetorics of identity, authority, and history." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0004/MQ28896.pdf.

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MacLean, Alyssa Erin. "Canadian migrations : reading Canada in nineteenth-century American literature." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30313.

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This dissertation contributes to the fields of Canadian literature, American literature, and transnational and hemispheric studies by examining Canada’s place in American Renaissance discussions about imperialism, citizenship, and racial and national identity. In the nineteenth-century US, Canada became symbolically important because of its perceived common origins with the US as well as its increasing resistance to forms of American imperialism. Canadian Migrations examines the significance of the Canada-US relationship by analysing literary representations of two population movements across the Canada-US border: the 1755 deportation of French Catholic Acadians from Canada to the American colonies and the antebellum flight of African Americans north to Canada. American authors gravitated towards these narratives of displacement to and from Canada in order to discuss the meaning of American citizenship and the treatment of racial minorities within US borders. I argue that both of these Canada-US movements prompted critical inquiries in US culture about forms of American imperialism. In Part One, I examine authors such as Nathaniel Hawthorne, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, and Harriet Beecher Stowe, who portrayed the violent expulsion of Acadians by British troops justified the creation of the United States as a necessary defense against imperial rule. Yet the Acadian expulsion also prompted these authors to question the contemporary US government’s own displacement of racial and linguistic minorities through slavery and westward expansion. In Part Two, I examine the northward movement of fugitive slaves across Lake Erie to Canada. By crossing Lake Erie, Black migrants—and the iconic texts written about them—challenged the conceptual categories that sustained US slavery and imperialism. Authors such as Stowe, Josiah Henson, Lewis Clarke, and William Wells Brown described scenes of nautical transit and transformation across the Lake Erie Passage to contest US slavery and to develop notions of Black citizenship. By recovering this conversation about the significance of Canada-US cross-border movement, I position nineteenth-century Canada within the movement of people and ideas across the Black Atlantic world. Together, my chapters demonstrate how the imagined community of the United States emerged through a series of complex political, cultural, and literary negotiations with Canada.

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Ravelli, Bruce Douglas. "Canadian-American value differences : media portrayals of Native issues." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ32765.pdf.

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Primm, Charles Tiffin. "Divergent paths : Canadian and American labor since the 1930s." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28454.

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The purpose of this thesis is to determine the major causes of the divergence which has occurred between Canadian and American labor during the past three decades. Employing a comparative case study methodology, I examine the history of the two labor movements during three distinct periods: 1) the formative period for modern industrial relations, roughly 1930-1960; 2) the two decades of divergence, 1960-1980, when Canadian union density grew to nearly double the American level; and 3) the 1980s, a period of major economic restructuring that has witnessed the accelerated decline of American labor while Canadian labor continues to maintain its membership base. I conclude that the primary factors for divergence are: 1) the different political cultures of Canada and the United States; 2) the more favorable labor laws in Canada; and 3) the differences in the ideologies and actions of the unions themselves. During the 1980s, the presence of a relatively strong social democratic movement, better labor legislation, and the rejection of American-style "business unionism" by Canadian unions helps to account for why union density in Canada remains over double the American level.
Arts, Faculty of
Political Science, Department of
Graduate

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Gardiner, Heather. "The portrayal of old age in English-Canadian fiction." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ27927.pdf.

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Renger, Nicola. "Mapping and historiography in contemporary Canadian literature in English /." Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang, 2005. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/490250424.pdf.

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Iida, Eri. "Hedges in Japanese English and American English medical research articles." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99723.

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The present study analysed the use of hedges in English medical research articles written by Japanese and American researchers. The study also examined the relationship between Japanese medical professionals' employment of hedges and their writing process. Sixteen English medical articles: eight written by Japanese and eight by Americans were examined. Four of the Japanese authors discussed their writing process through questionnaires and telephone interviews.
The overall ratio of hedges in articles written by the two groups differed only slightly; however, analyses revealed a number of specific differences in the use of hedges between the groups. For example, Japanese researchers used epistemic adverbs and adjectives less frequently than the American researchers. The results were discussed in relation to the problems of nonnative speakers' grammatical competence, cultural differences in rhetorical features, and the amount of experience in the use of medical English.

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Byers, Emily. "Reduced vowel production in American English among Spanish-English bilinguals." FIU Digital Commons, 2012. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/800.

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Prominent views in second language acquisition suggest that the age of L2 learning is inversely correlated with native-like pronunciation (Scovel, 1988; Birdsong, 1999). The relationship has been defined in terms of the Critical Period Hypothesis, whereby various aspects of neural cognition simultaneously occur near the onset of puberty, thus inhibiting L2 phonological acquisition. The current study tests this claim of a chronological decline in pronunciation aptitude through the examination of a key trait of American English – reduced vowels, or “schwas.” Groups of monolingual, early bilingual, and late bilingual participants were directly compared across a variety of environments phonologically conditioned for vowel reduction. Results indicate that late bilinguals have greater degrees of difficulty in producing schwas, as expected. Results further suggest that the degree of differentiation between schwa is larger than previously identified and that these subtle differences may likely be a contributive factor to the perception of a foreign accent in bilingual speakers.

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Weingarten, Jeffrey. "Lyric historiography in Canadian modernist poetry, 1962-1981." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=121330.

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This dissertation focuses on five closely knit writers who, between 1962 and 1981, produced exemplary historiographic poetry that guided their contemporaries. Al Purdy, John Newlove, Barry McKinnon, Andrew Suknaski, and Margaret Atwood were the chief voices of a literary mode that I term "modernist lyric historiography": a meditative modernist lyric that is self-critical, self-consciously incapable of claiming and skeptical about any claim to authority over history, and fundamentally historiographic (in the sense that it synthesizes, discards, and/or critically evaluates fragments of history). Arguably, Purdy was the inaugurator of lyric historiography: in the early 1960s, he experimented with a modernist lyric attentive to a broad vision of Canadian history. Newlove was one of many poets who saw Purdy's lyric historiography as a mode that could be used to provide insight into neglected prairie histories. As part of their search for more intimate connections to history that could sustain longer, narrative poems, McKinnon and Suknaski adapted lyric historiography to explore the familial past. Atwood reimagined lyric historiography as the search for Canadian "foremothers," proto-feminists that could serve as models for the second-wave feminist movement.Addressing the archives, creative writing, and historical contexts of these five writers, this dissertation proposes two primary claims. First, modernism persisted well into the 1970s (and even beyond) and shared with Canadian postmodernism a sophisticated approach to the idea of "history." Second, modernist lyric historiography was a continued investigation into one's ability to claim authority over historical narratives. Many modernists found some measure of such authority by exploring the most intimate connections to the past, which tended to be literal and figurative familial ones.
Cette thèse traite de cinq écrivains, qui, entre 1962 et 1981, ont créé des modèles de poésie historiographique, qui ont guidé leurs contemporains modernistes. Al Purdy, John Newlove, Barry McKinnon, Andrew Suknaski et Margaret Atwood ont été les figures principales d'un mode littéraire que nous appelons «l'historiographie lyrique moderniste». Ce terme désigne une poésie lyrique moderniste et méditative, qui est autocritique, réticente à revendiquer une quelconque autorité sur l'histoire et méfiante de cette autorité lorsqu'elle est invoquée, ainsi que fondamentalement historiographique. Au début des années 1960, Purdy expérimente avec la poésie moderniste sur l'histoire du Canada. Newlove considérait l'historiographie lyrique de Purdy comme une manière d'écrire qui pourrait offrir une nouvelle façon de voir le passé négligé des prairies. McKinnon et Suknaski ont adapté l'historiographie lyrique en examinant le passé de leur famille. Atwood a réinventé l'historiographie lyrique en tant que recherche des «aïeules» canadiennes, des proto-féministes qui pourraient servir de modèle à la deuxième génération de féministes. En tenant compte des archives, de l'écriture et des contextes historiques de ces cinq écrivains, cette thèse propose deux idées principales. Premièrement, nous affirmons que le modernisme a persisté durant l'après-guerre et qu'il partageait avec le postmodernisme canadien une approche sophistiquée et critique de l'histoire. Deuxièmement, nous soutenons que l'historiographie lyrique moderniste consistait en un questionnement persistant sur la capacité de revendiquer une certaine autorité concernant un récit historique. Plusieurs modernistes ont trouvé une certaine autorité en explorant les liens les plus intimes avec le passé, qui avaient tendance à être des liens familiaux littéraux et métaphoriques.

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Mullen, Amanda. "Mythic migrations: Recreating migrant histories in Canadian fiction." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/29240.

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This thesis examines the work of five Canadian writers who use their fiction to recreate an immigrant past and to mythologize an originary moment in Canada: a migrant's arrival and settlement in a new land. Mordecai Richter's Solomon Gursky Was Here (1989), Sky Lee's Disappearing Moon Cafe (1990), Jane Urquhart's Away (1993), Lawrence Hill's Any Known Blood (1997), and Nino Ricci's trilogy, Lives of the Saints (1990), In a Glass House (1993), and Where She Has Gone (1997) each express a nostalgic longing for an authenticating mythology that will give a previously silenced ethno-cultural group a place in the national narrative. Nostalgia literally means a painful return home, and the narrators of these novels express a bittersweet longing for a Canadian past, for a Canadian home. While nostalgia has traditionally played a central role in ethnic literature, this longing has typically rested on a nostalgic desire to return to a distant homeland. Yet the narrators of this study express a nostalgia for a different kind of origins---for origins in a new land. Richter, Lee, Urquhart, Hill, and Ricci create detailed genealogies in their novels that show how their different groups---Jewish, Chinese, Irish, Black, and Italian---helped build the nation and what roles each of these groups played in Canada's past. This thesis thus reveals that the interrogation of Canada's master narratives is not complete and that, even for later generations of immigrants, there remains a desire to establish their identities as Canadian The five writers of this study are deliberately challenging the authority of Canada's dominant cultural paradigm by recreating the immigrant experiences of their ethno-cultural groups in order to refute the myth of two founding nations and to establish Canada as home for their own particular groups. With their mythologized versions of history, these writers are striving to include neglected and forgotten voices in the story of Canada.

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Howe, Darin M. "Negation in early African American English." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1995. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq24075.pdf.

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Haskell, Janae. "Deontic modal use in American English." Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/16905.

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Master of Arts
Department of Modern Languages
Mary Copple
Modality, a concept for which linguists have struggled to come to an agreed-upon, comprehensive definition, has been the subject of many linguistic studies over the last several decades. The contemporary English modal system has a long history of semantic and morphological development, or grammaticalization, which currently consists of auxiliary modals that function with lexical verbs to express levels of obligation, necessity, ability, permission, and degrees of certainty. For native speakers of English, determining the appropriate contexts and form of a specific modal verb is second nature. However, grasping the contextual complexity of the English modal system can be difficult for English language learners. Deontic modals such as must, have to, have (got) to and should are often presented to English language learners as relatively equal in meaning and contextual appropriateness, which makes gaining a native-like command of these modals even more difficult. This study, on a small scale, describes contemporary usage through a comparison of similar studies and data from a series of sociolinguistic interviews with native speakers of American English. The participants range from the ages of 25-50. They were chosen from the local population of Manhattan, KS and have lived in Kansas for a minimum of 10 years. Through a quantitative analysis of the tokens, patterns of dialogic use will be extrapolated from the linguistic data. The research questions will seek to find established patterns of deontic modal use that in order to identify practical applications of usage-based research for textbook publishers, curriculum designers, and educators.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Canadian (English) and American'

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