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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Canadian River'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Batten, Douglas James. "Nonlinear time series modeling of some Canadian river flow data." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ54860.pdf.

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2

St, George Scott. "Hydrological and Paleo-Drought Variability in the Winnipeg River Basin, Canada and the Canadian Prairies." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194832.

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Changing hydroclimatic conditions are the primary source of risk to hydroelectric power generation. The research described in this dissertation investigates hydrological and drought variability in the Winnipeg River basin, Canada, during the last several hundred years using instrumental hydroclimate data and paleoclimatic records derived from tree rings. The basin drains parts of northwestern Ontario, northern Minnesota and southeastern Manitoba, and is the most important component of the hydrological system used to generate power in Manitoba. Extreme low annual flows in the Winnipeg River are associated with enhanced meridional flow across western Canada during summer and autumn, which suppresses precipitation over the watershed and reduces runoff from spring snowmelt. In contrast to the declining flows observed for other regional rivers, mean annual discharge in the Winnipeg River basin has increased substantially since the early 1920s. For a longer perspective, fifty-four ringwidth chronologies (mainly Pinus resinosa and P. strobus) were used to assess changes in summer climate in the Winnipeg River region since AD 1783. Tree growth in this region is significantly, but weakly, correlated with both temperature and precipitation during summer. Synthetic tree-ring records produced by the Vaganov-Shashkin model of tree-ring formation are consistent with these relationships with climate, and suggest that the primary factor limiting tree growth switches from temperature to moisture in mid-summer. The Winnipeg River tree-ring record indicates that summer droughts were more persistent in the 19th and late 18th century than during the last 100 years, but there is no evidence that drought was more extreme prior to the onset of direct monitoring.This dissertation also examines past changes in summer drought over the broader region using 138 ringwidth records from the Canadian Prairies provinces and adjacent areas. Regional ringwidth signals are primarily related to summer moisture and drought conditions. These summer-sensitive records are not linearly related to major modes of climate variability, including ENSO and the PDO, which mainly affect the climate of western Canada during winter. Extended drought records inferred from regional tree-ring series indicate that drought on the Canadian Prairies has exhibited considerable spatial heterogeneity over the last several centuries.
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3

De, Pascale Gregory P. "Massive ice in coarse-grained sediments, Western Canadian Arctic." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82217.

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Destruction of ecosystems and infrastructure can be caused by melting of massive ice within permafrost. To predict potential melting caused by natural and human disturbance, we need to know the nature and origin of massive ice deposits. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the nature of massive ice in coarse-grained sediments that accepted theories suggest should not occur.
Degradation of ice-rich granular resources is expensive and difficult to rehabilitate and can cause developmental thermokarst, overestimation of granular resources, disturbance of wildlife habitat and create conflicts with traditional land uses.
To locate massive ice we used a resistivity geophysical technique and to characterize the ice we used geochemical, petrographic and stratigraphic techniques. The resistivity technique detected bodies of massive ice and ice-rich sediments and coarse-grained sediments at high resolutions and laboratory analysis reveal that the ice was of glacial origin.
These findings indicate that massive ice of glacial origin occurs in coarse-grained sediments in permafrost. The techniques used in this study could form the basis of a predictive model of massive ice occurrence.
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4

Bickers, Margaret A. "Three cultures, four hooves and one river : the Canadian river in Texas and New Mexico, 1848-1939." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/4186.

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5

Zalatan, R., and K. Gajewski. "Dendrochronological Potential of Salix Alaxensis from the Kuujjua River Area, Western Canadian Arctic." Tree-Ring Society, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/262624.

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This study presents the first annually-resolved chronology using Salix alaxensis (Anderss.) Cov from Victoria Island, Northwest Territories, Canada, an area well north of treeline. Forty-one samples were collected and examined for subsequent analysis. However, crossdating was difficult because of locally absent or missing rings and the narrowness of the rings, and ultimately thirteen stems were crossdated and used to evaluate their dendroclimatological potential. The chronology spans 74 years (1927-2000) and could potentially be extended further using subfossil wood. Precipitation data from December of the previous year to March of the current year were the most consistently and highly correlated with ring width. This suggests that the recharge of the soil moisture by early summer snowmelt is a key factor limiting growth of these shrubs.
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6

Davey, Chad E. "Longitudinal trends in grain size, shear stress and sediment mobility along sedimentary links of a Canadian Shield river, Saguenay Region : a geomorphic perspective on assessing Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) productivity in rivers." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82215.

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The segmenting of gravel-bed rivers into 'sedimentary links', characterized by single-sediment sources and downstream fining of alluvial sediments, is a relatively new technique which has had limited application. The sedimentary link concept has been primarily applied to alpine river environments where link formations are supplied by coarse sediment from active point sources. The purpose of this study is to apply the sedimentary link concept on the Ste Marguerite River in the Saguenay region of the Canadian Shield, where valley-segment deposits of coarse sediment from ancient glacial processes are dominant in forming links.
Specifically, this study examines link-scale trends in surface grain size and channel slope. This study also uses the sedimentary link concept within an ecological context to explain the spatial organization and quality of Atlantic salmon spawning and rearing habitat. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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7

Hawkins, Emily. "Demography, Movement Patterns, and Habitat Selection of Blanding's Turtles at Canadian Nuclear Laboratories in Chalk River, Ontario." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35563.

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The development and implementation of effective species and population-specific management strategies requires population-specific information. To demonstrate the relative extirpation risk associated with various road mortality scenarios for a population of Blanding’s turtles at Canadian Nuclear Laboratories in Chalk River, Ontario, a Population Viability Analysis was conducted. Road mortality of two adult females every ten years resulted in population extirpation within 200 years relative to a stable population not experiencing road mortality. To accommodate informed decision-making for the management of this species at risk, the movement patterns and habitat selection of this Blanding’s turtle population were described. There was no significant difference between males and females in distance moved between relocations in either the spring or the summer, but turtles moved greater distances in the spring than in the summer. Annual and seasonal home range size did not differ between the sexes or between spring and summer periods. A compositional analysis indicated Blanding’s turtles preferred marsh habitats over bog, swamp, lake, and upland. Matched-paired logistic regression was used to determine selection of microhabitat features, such as type of vegetation, in the spring and summer. Turtles preferred sites with warmer air temperatures, shallower water, a higher availability of open water, and greater coverage of emergent and floating vegetation types in the spring period. In the summer period, turtles preferred sites characterized by cooler, deeper water, a higher availability of open water, and greater coverage of emergent and floating vegetation types. This population of Blanding’s turtles appears to be relatively small and the continued threat of road mortality indicates a delicate situation for its persistence. Considering seasonally preferred habitats will best inform management decisions for seasonal work restrictions and future development plans.
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8

Friesen, Wilbert J. "Development ethics and the Canadian North : a case study analysis of the Churchill-Nelson Rivers Hydro Diversion Project." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0018/NQ55332.pdf.

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9

Clarke, Margaret L. "Reconstituting the fur trade community of the Assiniboine basin, 1793 to 1812." Ottawa : Library and Archives Canada, 1998. http://www.nlc-bnc.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq23256.pdf.

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10

Burge, Leif M. "Dynamics of a transitional river pattern : a multi-scale investigation of controls on the wandering pattern of Miramichi rivers, New Brunswick, Canada." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84484.

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The wandering river pattern represents one of the last remaining river patterns that are not well understood. Many aspects of these rivers are not well known, particularly the processes of their creation and maintenance. The term wandering describes gravel or cobble bedded rivers, transitional between braided and meandering, with multiple channel sections around semi-permanent islands connected by single channel sections. This dissertation investigates the controls on the characteristics of wandering rivers within the Miramichi region of New Brunswick through time and at three nested spatial scales.
At the scale of rivers, three factors appear to be needed for wandering to occur: (1) wide valleys, (2) channel energy between braiding and meandering, and (3) avulsion triggers, frequent overbank flows caused by icejams in the Miramichi. Principal component analysis showed that larger wandering rivers displayed greater anabranching intensity than smaller rivers, perhaps related to higher stage ice jams within larger rivers.
At the scale of channels, the wandering pattern of the Renous River was found to be in a state of dynamic equilibrium, with channel creation balanced by channel abandonment. The anabranch cycle model was developed to illustrate the temporal dynamics of anabranch creation, maintenance and abandonment within wandering rivers.
Also at the channel scale, principal component analysis of channel reaches within the Renous River displayed differences in grain size and hydraulic efficiency between side-channels and main-channels. Energy and sediment mobility within side-channels was related to their formation, maintenance and abandonment. Energy and sediment mobility within main-channels was related to mega bedforms called bedwaves. The apex of some bedwaves occurred at diffluences.
At the scale of channel elements, diffluences are stable where a large bar is formed and accretes upstream, creating a large reservoir of sediment upstream of anabranch channels to buffer their degradation. Where diffluences are unstable, a large bar forms within one anabranch channel to partially block flow and may cause its abandonment. The dissertation illustrates that within wandering rivers, processes occurring at multiple spatial and temporal scales interact to create and maintain the pattern.
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11

Hewitt, Jack. "Factors Controlling Mercury Concentration in Rivers in the Mackenzie River Basin, Northwestern Canada." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten- och landskapslära, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-414036.

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Mercury (Hg) in rivers and streams of the Mackenzie River Basin (MRB) presents a risk to fish, aquatic mammals, and humans. This thesis makes use of newly-released water quality data, including total mercury (THg) and dissolved mercury (DHg), gathered through the NWT-Wide Community-based Water Quality Monitoring (CBM) program. Landscape metrics extracted from geospatial datasets (e.g. vegetation type cover and ground ice presence), along with the water quality parameters were transformed, as needed, and then assessed for relationships with Hg concentration in rivers using principle component analysis, correlation and linear regression. Transformed turbidity, total phosphate, total sulfate, and the 1st principle component representing total metals were positively correlated with log10 THg and log10 particulate Hg (PHg) (p < 0.05) in major tributaries on the MRB. Major tributaries had a greater proportion of THg as PHg. Dissolved organic carbon and total organic carbon were positivity correlated to log10 DHg in minor tributaries (p < 0.05) of the MRB. Logit-transformed ground ice presence was positively correlated with median log10 PHg and log10 THg (PHg; p < 0.05, THg; p < 0.05). Median log10 DHg was positively correlated with logit-transformed landcover metric mixed forest (R2 = 0.67), and negativity correlated with logit-transformed landcover metric sub-polar taiga needleleaf forest (R2 = 0.64) (p < 0.05). This suggests suspended particles, derived potentially from suspended mineral matter, kerogens, and/ or weathering of sulfides could be a control on PHg in major tributaries of the MRB, while thicker, organic soils, potentially in forested areas, releasing TOC and DOC, could control export of DHg to minor tributaries in the MRB.
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12

Strack, Michael S., and n/a. "Rebel rivers : an investigation into the river rights of indigenous people of Canada and New Zealand." University of Otago. School of Surveying, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20081217.163025.

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In Canada and New Zealand there are increasing calls for recognition of aboriginal rights which previously were ignored or denied because of the application of English law to concepts of property rights and ownership. English legal principles are vitally important in Canadian and New Zealand society, but there has always been room for local adaptations which could have recognised the existing practices and rights of the indigenous peoples. The English law makes various assumptions about ownership of rivers, dividing them into bed, banks and water, and applying various tests of adjoining occupation, tidalness and navigability to determine rights. Aboriginal property rights have been guaranteed and protected by various mechanisms such as government policy, treaty, and the courts, but there is uncertainty about the status of rivers. The form of the survey definition of reserves and rivers is also fundamental to how property rights may be determined. This thesis examines the situation of rivers in Canada and New Zealand through common law, treaty provisions and through what is now, a developing body of applicable and recognised customary/Aboriginal law. From these three legal foundations, a case study approach focuses on the practical situation of the Siksika people on the Bow River in southern Alberta, and the Kai Tahu on the Taieri River in Otago. This investigation concludes that there are various legal mechanisms by which indigenous people may claim rights to the rivers with which they have a relationship; by resorting to English common law principles; by applying new and developing conceptualisations of customary and aboriginal rights doctrines; by appealing to tribunals examining treaty agreements; or by direct negotiation with the Crown. All of these processes require evidence of past and current relationships, use and occupation of rivers by the indigenous claimants. Current undisputed possession and control may be a satisfactory outcome, but ultimately an acknowledgement of ownership may depend on politically negotiated settlements.
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13

Parker, Natalie Olwyn. "Distinguishing flood frequency and magnitude in the morphodynamics and sedimentology of rivers : insights from the South Saskatchewan River, Canada." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1169/.

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The impact of a 1 in 40 year flood on the morphology and sedimentology of the sandy braided South Saskatchewan River, Canada was assessed. Comparison of 2004 - 2007 repeat GPR surveys and the production of DEMs of difference allowed quantification of the initial and long-term 2005 flood impact on reach morphology and sedimentology. Main results show that even though a significant initial morphological impact was caused due to the flood through net erosion and channel incision across Bar A, subsequent low-magnitude high-frequency floods were able to rework morphology due to the ability to transport the medium sized sand bed load. In the subsurface, no distinct flood signature has been left, as flood deposits are similar to the scale and composition of deposits produced by low-magnitude high-frequency floods. Consequently, little evidence of such a flood event will be preserved in the sedimentary record. The research has also highlighted some important findings with respect to linking morphological processes to sedimentary deposits. In particular they have suggested the revision of depositional models for braided rivers, and further research on the relationship between bedform geometry and flow depth in natural rivers. The results have wider applications to other sand bed braided rivers and may aid interpretation and modelling of such deposits on a wider scale.
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14

Savanhu, G. M. (George Mutangamberi). "Controls on channel form and floodplain character along the Bulstrode River, southern Quebec, Canada." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=69683.

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The hydraulic dimensions and planform character of a river channel are very much affected by the channel gradient and the calibre of the bed materials. One of the two major objectives of this study is to analyze these effects on selected reaches along the Bulstrode River, near Victoriaville.
The second objective is to relate the variations in gradient, sediment calibre and channel geometry to the changes in floodplain character along the river valley.
The river is about 85 km long and flows across the Appalachian highlands and foothills in southern Quebec. This study focuses on six alluvial reaches along the river, ranging from 0.7 to 1.5 km in length. The channel gradient ranges from 0.0036 to 0.0001. The decline in gradient is associated with rapid downstream fining from small cobble and gravel-bed in the 'upvalley reaches' to a sand-bedded channel in the 'downvalley' reaches.
The discharge remains fairly constant over the river length, averaging about 140 m$ sp3$/sec. Channel depth, particularly the thalweg depth, increases appreciably in the downstream direction. The channel width decreases appreciably in the downstream direction. The channel capacity varies significantly without a clear pattern in the steeper cobble-gravel bed reaches and generally declines in the more hydraulically efficient, gentler and more hydraulically efficient fine gravel-sand bed downstream reaches.
This study finds that floodplain characteristics vary with specific stream power and within-channel processes, but not in the same manner as suggested in the Nanson and Croke (1992) model. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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15

Dance, Anne T. "Landscapes of perception : reclaiming the Athabasca oil sands and the Sydney tar ponds." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/16957.

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This interdisciplinary project offers new insights into the reclamation history of two of the most controversial and contaminated sites in Canadian history: the Sydney tar ponds and coke ovens and the Athabasca oil sands. It argues that Canada’s natural resource-dependent economy, combined with jurisdictional uncertainty, created a hesitant, fragmentary site cleanup regime, one that left room for different ideas about landscapes to shape and even distort reclamation’s goals and processes. In the absence of substantive reclamation standards and legislation, researchers struggled to accommodate the unique challenges of the oil sands during the 1960s and 1970s. Ambitious goals for reclamation faltered, and even the most successful examples of oil sands reclamation differed significantly from the pre-extraction environment; reclamation was not restoration. Planners envisioned transforming northeastern Alberta into a managed wilderness and recreation nirvana, but few of these plans were realised. The Sydney tar ponds experience suggests that truly successful reclamation cannot exist unless past injustices are fully acknowledged, reparations made, and a more complete narrative of contamination and reclamation constructed through open deliberation. Reclamation, after all, does not repair history; nor can it erase the past. Effective oil sands reclamation, then, requires a reconsideration of the site’s past and an acknowledgement of the perpetuated vulnerabilities and injustices wrought by development and reclamation.
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16

Heath, Kristy Marie. "Fluid Mud Formation in the Petitcodiac River, New Brunswick, Canada." Thesis, Boston College, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/922.

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Thesis advisor: Gail C. Kineke
Experiments were conducted in the Petitcodiac River in New Brunswick, Canada during June and August 2006 to study high-concentrations of suspended sediment in a turbulent system. This study will evaluate the conditions necessary for fluid mud formation by investigating 1) the suppression of turbulence at gradient Richardson numbers greater than 0.25; 2) a threshold condition for the amount of sediment a flow can maintain in a turbulent suspension; and 3) the influence of flocculation on vertical suspended-sediment transport. Direct measurements of salinity, temperature, current velocity, and suspended-sediment concentration were collected during accelerating and decelerating flows and when fluid mud formed. In June, current velocities were typically above 1 m s-1 and suspended-sediment concentrations were generally less than 10 g l -1. In August, current velocities were typically less than 1.5 m s-1, suspended-sediment concentrations were greater than 10 g l -1, and a high-concentration bottom layer formed rapidly during decelerating flood currents. Gradient Richardson numbers for concentrations greater than 10 g l -1 were generally greater than 0.25, suggesting strong density gradients have the ability to suppress turbulence. Results from the Petitcodiac suggest a carrying capacity threshold might exist, but is based on a critical gradient Richardson number between 1.0 and 2.0 rather than the previously accepted value of 0.25. Differences in the evolution of disaggregated grain size distributions for settling suspensions suggest flocculation plays an important role for fluid mud formation by enhancing settling of fine sediments
Thesis (MS) — Boston College, 2009
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Geology and Geophysics
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17

Böckelmann, Uta. "Description and characterization of bacteria attached to lotic organic aggregates (river snow) in the Elbe River of Germany and the South Saskatchewan River of Canada." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=96442097X.

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18

Grasby, Stephen E. "Controls on the chemistry of the Bow River, southern Alberta, Canada." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq20738.pdf.

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19

Paige, Alan D. "Annual scour and fill, Squamish River at Brackendale, British Columbia, Canada." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0024/MQ37607.pdf.

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20

Winter, Jennifer Gabriele. "Export coefficient modeling and bioassessment in two tributaries of the Grand River, southern Ontario, Canada." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0010/NQ38283.pdf.

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21

Brown, Richard S. "Winter ecology of brown trout, white sucker and common carp in the Grand River, Ontario." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0027/NQ51182.pdf.

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22

Nelson, Caitlin Jean. "Contaminant exposure in marine foraging river otters from Victoria, British Columbia, Canada." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43482.

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Past industrial activities on Southern Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada have resulted in localized polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) contamination in the near shore marine environment. The ecological impacts of new and residual contaminants on wildlife species in this area are unknown. North American river otters (Lontra canadensis) are ideal biological indicators for aquatic ecosystem health and can be useful monitors for environmental and anthropogenic stressors on wildlife. Non-invasive scat sampling is an effective tool for studying aspects of river otter ecology without disrupting their natural behavior. Interpretation of river otter data derived from scat however can be limited without validation with live animal data. By combining scat sampling with live animal sampling I was able to compare the two sources of data to assess the effectiveness of non-invasive techniques. I investigated (i) home range analysis and spatial patterns through radio-telemetry to inform (ii) an assessment of environmental contaminant exposure and potential adverse health effects. Fixed kernel home range estimates revealed limited ranges, localized exposure and potential small scale population structuring. This indicates that only the river otters inhabiting the contaminated sites are being exposed to high levels of PCBs. Mean PCB concentrations in river otter blood and feces were significantly higher in harbour sites relative to the rest of the study area. Contaminant patterns between the two sample types were comparable and support the use of non-invasive sampling for investigating environmental contamination. Non-invasive hormone measures were used as indicators for contaminant related effects. Although there were differences between harbour and non-harbour sites, it is not clear the patterns were associated with contaminants.
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23

Gnieser, Christoph. "Terrain disturbances by winter roads in the lower and central Mackenzie River Valley, N.W.T., Canada." PDXScholar, 1990. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4165.

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Winter roads, built from compacted snow and I or ice, are common throughout the circumpolar North. They are considered effective and economical means of providing seasonal access into permafrost terrain while minimizing the potential for environmental damage. The purpose of this study is an appraisal of long-term environmental impacts of winter roads by comparative assessment of terrain morphology, microclimate, permafrost, soils, and vegetation, on winter road right-of-ways and in adjacent undisturbed control areas.
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24

Chen, Dongqing. "Cretaceous stratigraphy and basement influences, Peace River Arch region, Western Canada Sedimentary Basin." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0009/NQ60210.pdf.

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25

Thornbush, Mary J. "Holocene floodplain development and prehistoric human occupation, lower Nottawasaga River, southern Ontario, Canada." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ63055.pdf.

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26

Austin, Darrell A. "A lithic raw materials study of the Bridge River Site, British Columbia, Canada." CONNECT TO THIS TITLE ONLINE, 2007. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-05112007-133801/.

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27

Shipley, Bill. "Pattern and mechanism in the emergent macrophyte communities along the Ottawa River, Canada." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5392.

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28

Woods, Lieserl M. E. "Using ecohydrology to predict algal biomass in the Raisin River watershed, (ON Canada)." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28176.

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The effects of groundwater and environmental variables on river ecology in terms of algal biomass (benthic and suspended) were determined across a watershed dominated by agricultural land-use (Raisin River, eastern Ontario). At the watershed scale, during summer base flows, light and temperature or Strahler stream order predicted suspended algal biomass (estimated by chlorophyll a) whereas turbidity and temperature predicted epilithic periphyton biomass in riffle zones; nutrients did not correlate with either algal community. Benthic algal biomass was negatively correlated with suspended algal biomass. At the reach scale, periphyton biomass and total phosphorus were temporally linked but the relationship became uncoupled by spates. Evidence for shallow hyporheic flow but not deep groundwater discharge was reported for one of two reaches studied. Benthic algal biomass accrual increased linearly with both a positive or negative hydraulic gradient, indicating that surface water/groundwater interactions were important.
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Erikson, Torbjörn-Johannes. "Development and Testing of a Hydro-Chemical River MixingModel to Investigate Sources of Carbon and Mercury in the Mackenzie River Basin, Canada." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten- och landskapslära, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-423954.

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Mercury, Hg, is found in Arctic biota in alarming quantity, posing a potential health risk for the local population. It is believed that the large Arctic rivers contribute to this. The Mackenzie River annually transports approximately 325 km3 water to the Arctic Ocean, which is ca 10% of the freshwater received. The annual water flow also transports ca 2 ton of Hg. In order to investigate the source of Hg within the Mackenzie River Basin and the path of transport, a hydro-chemical river mixing model is constructed using field data gathered in summer 2018 and publicly available data. However, since the Hg concentration is very low in the river water and it is known that Hg binds very strongly to dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and particulate organic carbon (POC), both DOC and POC are utilized instead as proxies for Hg. The purpose of the model is to allow for estimations to be made of the relative contributions of different sub-basins and effluents to the total outflow of (e.g.) DOC at the mouth of the Mackenzie River, based on limited hydrographic and riverine water quality data. The model was used to estimate the mixing of DOC and POC sources for summer 2018 as an initial test of its performance. It performs adequately as it can estimate the amount of water discharge and DOC/TOC (total organic carbon) load that each node contributes to the Mackenzie River. The results from the model suggest that the contribution of organic carbon from each sub-watershed is not solely dependent on either drainage area size or water discharge; additionally, it appears to be determined by the local environment and geology. Water from catchment areas containing peatlands have high DOC content, and water passing through regions with coal layers have high POC content. The loss of POC towards the end of the model coincides well with the expected deceleration of the water discharge entering the Mackenzie River delta. It is concluded that the model should be useful for the study of Hg origin and transport in the Mackenzie River. Also, it has the potential for being a starting point for a more advanced or predictive model.
Varje år levereras stora mängder kvicksilver till det Arktiska havet. Kvicksilver är ett välkänt miljögift, tungmetall, och har kapaciteten att ackumuleras i näringskedjan.Kring Arktiska havet finns det ett flertal bosättningar där innevånarna får sin näring främst från havet och denna befolkning riskerar att bli påverkad av kvicksilverhalten i deras mat.Mackenziefloden mynnar ut i det Arktiska havet i norra Kanada. Med ett vattenflöde av ca 325 km3 vatten per år och ett avrinningsområde på 1.8 miljoner km2 bidrar Mackenziefloden med ca 10% av färskvattentillförseln till Arktiska havet. Det är också uppskattat att ca 2 ton av kvicksilver transporteras via Mackenziefloden.För att kartlägga flödet och ursprunget av kvicksilver används prover tagna i fält 2018 och allmänt tillgängliga data. Från det konstrueras en modell som kartlägger flödet och ursprung av partikulärt och kemiskt löst kol. Förekomsten av partikulärt och kemiskt löst kol är relaterat till förekomst av kvicksilver och är betydligt enklare att mäta.Tillsammans med data på flödeshastighet, tagna från existerande mätstationer, används provresultaten till att etablera en serie av punkter som kommer att representera de olika delarna av Mackenzieflodens dräneringsområde. På detta sätt kan de olika förgreningarna som mynnar ut i Mackenziefloden observeras var och en för sig, vilket gör det lättare att se vilka områden som tillför partikulärt och kemiskt löst kol och i vilka mängder.Det är föga förvånande att de stora floderna, så som Liardfloden och Peelfloden, är bland de största bidragarna av kol, både partikulärt och kemiskt löst. Nära Mackenzieflodens utlopp kan man se att mängden partikulärt kol i suspension avtar, i samband med att flödeshastigheten minskar och partiklar börjar att fällas ut då floden mynnar ut i deltat.Resultaten i den här studien visar en väldigt hög masstransport (i kg/km2/31d), gentemot tidigare observationer. Detta är dock orsakat av att fältproverna som använts här är tagna under en kort period väldigt nära vårfloden, vilket får de dagliga värdena att se väldigt stora ut. Dessa värden är dock bara aktuella en kortare tid och avtar resten av året.Denna modell utgör en potentiell bas för vidare studie av kol och kvicksilverförekomst i Mackenzieflodens avrinningsområde och eventuellt även för andra floder givet tillgängliga data.
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30

Ettenger, Kreg Todd Castro A. H. Peter. "Siipii, uuchii, minishtikw, istchii [river, mountain, island, land] Development, conflict and local knowledge in Eeyou Istchee, northern Quebec /." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.

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31

Booth, Richard K. "Swimming performance of Anadromous Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., during their spawning migration in the Exploits River, Newfoundland, Canada." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ32815.pdf.

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32

Schmidt, Jeremy J. "The past, present and future of water policy in the South Saskatchewan River Basin, Alberta, Canada /." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=101895.

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This thesis presents an account of water policies in Alberta's South Saskatchewan River Basin in reference to the historical factors influencing past decisions, the claims supporting present reforms and implications for future policy directions. I begin by investigating the historical factors surrounding early water policies and consider their influence on water development in the 20th century. Next I critically examine the policy reforms from 1996-2006 and consider both how early policy decisions influence contemporary plans and the claims offered in support of current management decisions. I then look to the future of water policy in southern Alberta and the planned implementation of adaptive management systems. I analyze adaptive management theory in the policy context of Alberta and find the normative claims of adaptive management insufficient. I then suggest a more robust normative framework to supplement adaptive management theory.
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33

Conant, Brewster. "A PCE plume discharging to a river, investigations of flux, geochemistry, and biodegradation in the streambed." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ60529.pdf.

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34

Cadéron, Sandrine. "Interprétation tectonométamorphique du nord de la province du Supérieur, Québec, Canada /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Montréal : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi. Université du Québec à Montréal, 2003. http://theses.uqac.ca.

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Thèse (D.R.Min.) -- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, programme en association avec l'Université du Québec à Montréal, 2005.
Bibliogr.: f. 292-314. Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU
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35

Trudeau, Véronique. "Factors affecting stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic signatures in food webs of the Ste. Marguerite River system (Quebec, Canada)." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82442.

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Deeper understanding of the factors controlling stable isotopic signatures of aquatic organisms of all trophic levels is required if we are to properly use them in food web studies and as environmental indicators. The present field study conducted in the Ste. Marguerite River system, Quebec, compared periphyton signatures found in eight reaches (sections of a river/tributary) each composed of a series of sites with different flow regimes. Similar to patterns found in the laboratory, periphyton delta13C significantly decreased with increasing water velocity. In addition, periphyton biomass positively affected periphyton delta13C. Isotopic fractionation in favour of 12C by the periphyton communities likely leads to build-up of the heavier isotope in the boundary layer of algae. This study allows a better understanding of aquatic plant delta13C fluctuations. It also suggests how much variability in aquatic consumer delta13 C can be explained by water velocity in lotic systems.
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36

Brown, Robert Glen. "Petrogenesis and rock packaging of Middle Ordovician carbonates, Black River Group, Southeastern Ontario, Canada." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq20612.pdf.

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37

Blair, Jason Andrew Allan. "Tidal influence on flow structure and dune morphology, Fraser River Estuary, British Columbia, Canada." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ61875.pdf.

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38

Bunch, Martin J. "An adaptive ecosystem approach to rehabilitation and management of the Cooum River environmental system in Chennai, India." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0016/NQ56673.pdf.

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39

McLaughlin, Fraser. "Using regional flow regime classes to identify flow anomalies in a set of Canadian rivers regulated by dams." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=123105.

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It is well established that a river's natural flow regime is a key determinant of ecological integrity and that dam regulated-flow releases can in some cases be detrimental to biotic communities (e.g. Poff and Zimmerman, 2010). Regional flow classes, groups of rivers that share similar natural flow regimes (called 'river types' by Poff and Zimmerman (2010)) and to which regional fish communities are adapted, have been proposed (e.g. Poff, 1996; Poff and Zimmerman, 2010; McManamay et al., 2012a) as units of analysis to identify significant damming related flow alteration. Specifically, the natural range of flow behaviour within regional classes can be used to identify the most anomalous flow features in rivers regulated by dams. Through ordination analysis, 5 flow regime clusters were identified based on 70 ecologically important flow indices. These clusters are distinct classes of regional flow regimes for 96 unregulated rivers in proximity to 16 regulated sites chosen as NSERC HydroNet sites in Eastern and Western Canada. The distinguishing characteristics of natural flow regimes within each flow class are explored through visualization in principal component space. The 16 regulated HydroNet sites were assigned to these flow classes through discriminate function analysis based on shared geographic location and watershed characteristics. Anomalous flow features in the regulated rivers are identified and characterized in terms of type and strength by identification of flow indices that are significantly different from observed natural variability in the relevant regional class. We also discuss the potential biological implications of the dominant flow anomalies in this set of rivers regulated by hydro dams.
Selon le paradigme du 'Natural Flow Regime', le régime hydrologique naturel (ou régime de débits) d'une rivière est un déterminant clé de son intégrité écologique. L'altération significative de ce régime par un barrage hydroélectrique peut en effet négativement affecter les communautés biotiques d'un écosystème lotique (Poff and Zimmerman, 2010). Récemment, des auteurs influents (e.g. Poff, 1996; McManamay et al., 2012a) ont ainsi proposé qu'afin d'identifier les altérations du régime naturel les plus significatives causés par la régulation par barrage, on utilise un point de référence régional (les 'river type') (Poff and Zimmerman, 2010) constitué de la variabilité présente dans un sous-ensemble de rivières non-régulées coulant dans la région du site régulé, rivières qui partagent naturellement certaines caractéristiques de régime hydrologique (et auxquelles la faune aquatique régionale est adaptée). A cet effet, une analyse d'ordination a été effectuée sur les régimes naturels de débit de 96 rivières non régulées situées à proximité des 16 sites sur rivières régulées par barrage choisis pour étude dans le projet HydroNet, et ce dans deux régions distinctes, l'une dans l'ouest et la seconde dans l'est canadien. Cette ordination, effectuée à partir de 70 métriques de débit reconnus pour leur pertinence écologique, distingue 5 sous-ensembles régionaux de régimes naturels assez distincts (5 'flow classes', sensu McManamay et al., (2012a)) réparties à travers les régions à l'étude. Les caractéristiques contrastantes des régimes de chacune de ces 5 sous-ensembles sont présentées et discutées. Par la suite, une analyse par fonction discriminante permet d'assigner les 16 sites régulés à l'étude à une ou l'autre de ces 5 classes, comme point de comparaison naturel. Cette analyse nous permet par la suite de repérer et de décrire les divers aspects des régimes de débits aux sites régulés qui sont clairement 'hors normes' par rapport à ce qui est observé dans le sous-ensemble régional de référence. Nous discutons brièvement par la suite de certains effets possibles de ces anomalies particulières sur les populations de poisson dans ces écosystèmes.
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40

DeVries, Laura Alice. "What's at stake on uncommon ground? The Grand River Haudenosaunee and Canada in Caledonia, Ontario." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/11763.

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Caledonia, Ontario made the news on February 28, 2006 as broadcasters reported on a strategically planned ‘occupation’ by Haudenosaunee protestors from the nearby Six Nations territory of a half-finished forty-hectare housing development known as Douglas Creek Estates. Negotiations over ownership of (and compensation for) Six Nations’ twenty-eight unaddressed land claims began shortly after the Ontario Provincial Police attempted and failed to remove the Six Nations occupiers, who assert that the land was not surrendered in the 1840s as Canada claims it was. The reclamation effort sparked tremendous controversy in Caledonia and across Canada; negotiations have achieved no resolution at the time of writing, and conflicts over land and resource rights are increasing in frequency and intensity both in Southern Ontario and across the continent. This thesis undertakes a discourse analysis of texts publicly circulated by the involved parties to discover the underpinnings of the dispute, to link it to histories of Haudenosaunee and Euro-Canadian settler societies, and to generate insights regarding future Canadian-First Nations relationships. Competing claims to the land evidenced in these texts also constitute conflicting visions as to definitions of legitimacy, sovereignty, justice, citizenship and ‘normal’ society. As such, discursive claims are woven through with power relations and the rights to shape political and geographical landscapes. Discourses accessed, re-presented and re-articulated on both sides connect (this) land to national-cultural imaginaries, including ways of interpreting history and relationships, economies, law, and future ‘places to grow.’ Accounting for connections between identity and discourse reveal the ways in which spaces of difference and ‘truth’ are claimed by each party. In Caledonia, Six Nations is discursively positioned outside of ‘the law,’ of acceptable and rational society, and of political recognition as a nation; on the basis of these and other exclusions, Haudenosaunee epistemologies, histories, and priorities are rejected in this dispute over land. This present-day conflict re-presents Canada’s foundations in British colonial law and the ongoing symbolic and physical erasures of people who were here first, and demonstrates again the need to shape new relationships and landscapes in Canada.
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41

Guimond, Julie K. "The effects of river connectivity on floodplain wetland ecology in Jasper National Park, Alberta, Canada." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ60435.pdf.

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42

Oliva, François. "Paleoflood History of an Oxbow Lake in the Désert River Catchment Area, Southwestern Québec, Canada." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26279.

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Most paleoflood reconstructions come from the arid dry climate of southwestern USA with very few studies being conducted in temperate climates. The study’s main objective is to determine if oxbow lakes can be used to reconstruct past flood events in temperate regions, such as the Désert River in southwestern Québec, Canada. Sediment cores were extracted and analyzed for magnetic susceptibility, loss-on-ignition and grain-size. These analyses are used to decipher evidence of flood signatures within the cores. Results show a strong relationship between past flood events and known climate variability on multi-decadal to centennial timescales. A higher frequency of floods was observed during the Little Ice Age (LIA; 1450-1850 AD) and the Dark Ages Cold Period (DACP; 300-800 AD) as compared to the Medieval Warm Period (MWP; 900-1200 AD). This study supports previous work on paleoflood hydrology using oxbow lakes as a proxy and its relationship to past hydroclimatic changes. These types of studies contribute to a better understanding of past hydroclimatic changes on regional scales that can be used to better predict future floods under a changing climate.
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43

Evanson, Melissa. "Chinook salmon population dynamics and life history strategies in the Squamish River Watershed, BC, Canada." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1722403321&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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44

Proulx, Catherine. "A Study of Darter (Percidae) Assemblages in Several Tributaries of the Ottawa River, Québec, Canada." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31282.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the habitat preference (or use), distribution and growth of darters (Channel Darter Percina copelandi, Logperch Percina caprodes, Fantail Darter Etheostoma flabellare, Tessellated Darter Etheostoma olmstedi and Johnny Darter Etheostoma nigrum) in tributaries of the Ottawa River, Québec, Canada. The Channel Darter’s habitat can be characterised by coarse heterogeneous substrate with water velocities greater than 0.25 m/s in zones with low bank slopes. Its distribution is limited to five tributaries of the Ottawa River, downstream from the first physical barrier. The Logperch and Fantail Darter’s habitats were similar to that of the Channel Darter, although the Fantail Darter was present in shallower waters. The Tessellated Darter was spatially partitioned from the others; the species seems to be a habitat generalist. The Johnny Darter was the least abundant darter and seems to prefer coarse heterogeneous substrate. The majority of growth in length was attained during the first year in all species. Growth rates were affected by the presence of parasites in the Channel Darter and Fantail Darter, non-parasitized individuals growing faster than parasitized individuals. Growth rates also differed among males and females in the Channel Darter, males growing faster than females.
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45

Ibrahim, Alexandre. "Biogeochemical mapping of bacteriogenic iron oxides in a freshwater wetland at Chalk River, Ontario, Canada." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28707.

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Large accumulations of bacteriogenic iron oxides (BIOS) form near Fe(II)-rich groundwater springs in a freshwater wetland located at Chalk River, Ontario, Canada, covering an area of approximately 12 000 m2. BIOS are efficient sorbent and may potentially serve as an in situ bioremediation method to sequester contaminants, such as heavy metals (e.g. Sr2+ and potentially radioisotopes, 9OSr 2+, 129I- and 14C), present in the groundwater. This study focused on the aqueous geochemistry of the wetland, as well as, the solid phase biogeochemistry of BIOS sediments. The mineralogy of BIOS was mainly composed of poorly ordered 2-line ferrihydrite, with minor amounts of lepidocrocite. Goethite was also detected in sediment samples collected during the warmer seasons at two of the sites. Crystallinity of the reactive solid phase Fe in BIOS increased downstream (approx. 10m) from groundwater discharge areas, whereas, Fe(III) became less bioavailable. Analyses of surface water sampling revealed that dissolved Fe(II) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) were significantly correlated (r s =0.83). These two parameters are thought to be involved in a complex biogeochemical cycling in BIOS-rich environments. Both, dissolved Fe(II) and DIC are consumed by chemosynthesis used by iron-oxidizing bacteria during the formation of BIOS or produced during the microbial reduction dissolution of Fe(III)-oxides coupled with the oxidation of organic matter. These results provided valuable information concerning the long term redox stability of BIOS in the natural environment.
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46

Pelletier, Luc. "Carbon dioxide and methane fluxes of three peatlands in the La Grande Rivière watershed, James Bay lowland, Canada." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98765.

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Carbon dioxide and methane fluxes were measured between May 2003 and August 2004 on vegetated surfaces and pools of three peatlands located in the La Grande Riviere watershed, James Bay lowland, Quebec, Canada. Gas flux measurements were made using static chambers on a variety of sites in the three peatlands, chosen to represent the different biotypes present, from hummocks with water table position 35 cm below the surface to pools 100 cm deep.
Average CH4 fluxes for the different biotypes on vegetated surfaces sampled during summer 2003 ranged from 3.5 to 197 mg m-2 d-1 while summer 2004 average floating chamber pool fluxes ranged between 6.2 and 3165 mg CH4 m-2 d -1. Mean daily CH4 fluxes on vegetated surface are strongly correlated (r2 > 0.75) with summer average water table depth, greater fluxes occurring where water table is close to the surface. The vegetated surface CH4 fluxes were also correlated with peat temperature as fluxes increase with increasing peat temperature during the summer.
Most net ecosystem productivity values calculated for the different biotypes in the three peatlands showed release of CO2 during both early and mid growing season periods. An annual budget calculated for the LG2 peatland showed that the peatland emitted CO2 to the atmosphere at a rate of 0.77 g m-2 d-1. The overall release of CO 2 may have been caused in part by dry conditions in the peatlands during summer 2003, due to high temperature and low precipitation.
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47

Voss, Britta Marie. "Spatial and temporal dynamics of biogeochemical processes in the Fraser River, Canada : a coupled organic-inorganic perspective." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/95521.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Joint Program in Chemical Oceanography (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2014.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
The great geologic and climatic diversity of the Fraser River basin in southwestern Canada render it an excellent location for understanding biogeochemical cycling of sediments and terrigenous organic carbon in a relatively pristine, large, temperate watershed. Sediments delivered by all tributaries have the potential to reach the ocean due to a lack of main stem lakes or impoundments, a unique feature for a river of its size. This study documents the concentrations of a suite of dissolved and particulate organic and inorganic constituents, which elucidate spatial and temporal variations in chemical weathering (including carbonate weathering in certain areas) as well as organic carbon mobilization, export, and biogeochemical transformation. Radiogenic strontium isotopes are employed as a tracer of sediment provenance based on the wide variation in bedrock age and lithology in the Fraser basin. The influence of sediments derived from the headwaters is detectable at the river mouth, however more downstream sediment sources predominate, particularly during high discharge conditions. Bulk radiocarbon analyses are used to quantify terrestrial storage timescales of organic carbon and distinguish between petrogenic and biospheric organic carbon, which is critical to assessing the role of rivers in long-term atmospheric CO2 consumption. The estimated terrestrial residence time of biospheric organic carbon in the Fraser basin is 650 years, which is relatively short compared to other larger rivers (Amazon, Ganges-Brahmaputra) in which this assessment has been performed, and is likely related to the limited floodplain storage capacity and non-steady-state post-glacial erosion state of the Fraser River. A large portion of the dissolved inorganic carbon load of the Fraser River (>80%) is estimated to derive from remineralization of dissolved organic carbon, particularly during the annual spring freshet when organic carbon concentrations increase rapidly. This thesis establishes a baseline for carbon cycling in a largely unperturbed modern mid-latitude river system and establishes a framework for future process studies on the mechanisms of organic carbon turnover and organic matter-mineral associations in river systems.
by Britta Marie Voss.
Ph. D.
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48

Lesage, Véronique. "Trophic relationships, seasonal diving activity and movements of harbour seals, Phoca vitulina concolor, in the St. Lawrence River Estuary, Canada." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ44770.pdf.

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49

Peng, Jianghua. "Palaeoecology of vertebrate assemblages from the Upper Cretaceous Judith River Group (Campanian) of southeastern Alberta, Canada." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0001/NQ31066.pdf.

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50

Cecil, L. DeWayne. "Origin of chlorine-36 in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer, Idaho, implications for describing ground water contamination near a nuclear facility." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ60526.pdf.

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