Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Canal alimentaire'
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Huré, Elodie. "L'expérience trans-canal de magasinage alimentaire : le cas du retour en magasin suite à l'adoption des supermarchés en ligne." Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1G024.
Full text[Since grocery retailers offer consumers the opportunity to shop online, the issue of the way consumers live their shopping experience when they return to the store is particulary important. Recent research has already outlined the importance of taking into account the cross effects between channels. Indeed, the development of multichannel strategies has raised a number of challenges around the coordination, the integration, the coherence and the compatibility between channels, in order to develop a cross-channel strategy as a way to sustain retailers’ performance. Consistent with this retail strategy perspective, we study the cross-channel shopping experience. We define it as the way consumers compensate – consciously or not - the weaknesses of experiences lived in one channel with the strengths of other experiences lived in alternative channels in order to optimize their holistic experience with one retailer. Indeed, consumers’ experiences must be studied in a cross-channel perspective, escaping the silos and taking into account the different interactions between the multichannel experiences. In this context, and considering that the cross-channel shopping experience should neutralize the weaknesses and enhance the strengths of each channel, we specifically focus on the experience consumers live when they return to the store. This question is of importance as French grocery retailers have seen negative side effects arising since the development of electronic grocery shopping (diminution of the frequency of visit of physical stores, diminution of non-grocery products sales, cannibalization, etc. )]
Belmadani, Abdelhak. "Mécanisme de la neurotoxicité de l'ochratoxine A, contaminant alimentaire, chez le rat : mise en évidence des structures cibles et prévention." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR28610.
Full textSourlier, Pascal. "Contribution à l'étude des propriétés convectives de fluides thermodépendants : cas de l'écoulement en canal de section rectangulaire." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10316.
Full textDavies, Heather. "Mucins in the alimentary canal : their structure and interactions with polyphenols." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/mucins-in-the-alimentary-canal-their-structure-and-interactions-with-polyphenols(76aaa531-bf78-4be1-94a7-c8b4db9114bb).html.
Full textAbubakr, Mohammed M. A. "Studies on the functional morphology of the decapod larval gut in relation to diet." Thesis, Bangor University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.280546.
Full textChapman, Joshua A. "Soil microbial communities from the alimentary canal of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris (Oligochaeta: lumbricidae)." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2006. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4756.
Full textTitle from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 75 p. : ill. (some col.), map. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
Campbell, M. B. S. C. (Mark Bryer St Clair). "The histology of the alimentary canal and associated structures of Metopolophium dirhodum (Homoptera: Aphididae)." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/65016.
Full textThe gross morphology and histology of the alimentary canal and the associated structures are described. The long tubular alimentary tract is divisible into different regions. The filter chamber and Malpighian tubules are absent. The peritrophic membrane is also absent. The rectum, or hindgut is extremely thin, expanded and transparent. The salivary gland complex consists of two sets of glands: the principal and accessory glands. The common salivary duct opens at the base of the maxillary stylets.
CUNHA, Franklin Magliano da. "Aspectos imunológicos e morfologia do canal alimentar de operários de Nasutitermes coxipoensis (Holmgren) (Isoptera:Termitidae)." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2007. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5973.
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About 10% of the termites’ species have been pointed as agent of some type of damage to the plants. Due to the diversity of food utilization of termites, the characteristics of the digestive tract of the workers and pseudo-workers can be used in systematics and filogenia of these insectes. A control methods of termites is the use of entomopathogenic fungi. Aspects regarding the immunologic response of termites triggered by pathogens invasions, however, remain scarce especially related to the immune reactions deflagrated by the hemocytes. Thus this research focused the following objectives: 1. to identify and to characterize the hemocytes morphology of Nasutitermes coxipoensis (Holmgren) worker´s cast; 2. to generate information about the immunologic reactions of hemocytes when challenged by Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorokin in N. coxipoensis workers and, 3. to describe the histology of workers digestive tractaiming to contribute with support information for systematics of termites. Analysis in light and electronics microscopy of the hemocytes typified the presence of the following cells: Plamatocytes (PL), Granulocytes (GR), Spherulocytes (ES), Prohemocytes (PR), Adipohemocytes (AD) and, Eonocytoids (OE). Among the concentrations from 1x10? to 1x107 conidia/mL of M. anisopliae, the highest concentration 107 conidia/mL was the most efficient with LT50 of 1.62 days. Under this concentration verified greatest frequency of Plamatocytes and Granulocytes in the hemolymph collected during the intervals of from 24 to 72h after application. The hemocitarydynamics during the intervals of 24h, 48h, and 72h after application exhibited significant reduction in Plamatocytes and increasing in Granulocytes. Despite of variation on cell counting was not notified any morphological alterations in the cells. The use of termites spraying as treatment method with 1x107 conidia/mL, in laboratory, triggered the defense mechanisms of N. coxipoensis. The histology of the digestive tract of the workers, in general, exhibited similar characteristics to those observed in other species of termites. Exceptions, however, were identified in the morphology of the epithelial cells regarding the types, number and displaying of these cells in the region of stomodeum as well as the existence of the peritrophic membrane in the region of midgut. Thus these characteristics can be used as criteria for the differentiation among the species of termites of the genus Nasutitermes.
Cerca de 10% das espécies de cupins têm sido apontadas como agente de algum tipo de dano às plantas. Devido ao hábito alimentar variado desses insetos, as características do tubo digestivo dos operários e pseudo-operários são normalmente utilizadas em sistemática e filogenia. Uma alternativa para o controle desses insetos é a utilização de fungos entomopatogênicos. No entanto, os aspectos ligados às reações imunológicas dos insetos promovidas pelas interações com esses patógenos, permanecem ainda bastante escassos, principalmente ao que tange as reações imunes deflagrada pelos hemócitos. Assim a presente pesquisa teve os seguintes objetivos: 1. identificar e caracterizar a morfologia e ultra-estrutura dos hemócitos de operários do cupim Nasutitermes coxipoensis (Holmgren); 2. ampliar as informações sobre as reações imunológicas dos hemócitos quando desafiados imunológicamente por Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorokin. e 3.descrever a histologia do canal alimentar, visando contribuir com informações que possam ser utilizadas na sistemática desse inseto. A análise em microscopia de luz e eletrônica dos hemócitos revelou os seguintes tipos celulares: Plasmatócitos (PL), Granulócitos (GR), Esferulócitos (ES), Prohemócitos (PR), Adipohemócitos (AD) e Oenocitóides (OE). Entre as concentrações de 1x103a 1x107 conídios/mL de M. anisopliae, a concentração mais elevada de 1x107 conídios/mL foi a mais eficiente com TL50 de 1,62 dias. Verificou-se que as células mais freqüentes na hemolinfa foram osPlasmatócitos e os Granulócitos para os tratamentos nos diferentes intervalos de tempo. Analisando a dinâmica hemocitária nos intervalos de 24h, 48h, e 72h, notou-se que os Plasmatócitos reduziram significativamente, enquanto que os Granulócitos aumentaram, após 72h da inoculação. Os Prohemócitos não diferiram estatisticamente nos intervalos de tempos, bem como entre os tratamentos. Durante a contagem diferencial não foram evidenciadas alterações na morfologia dessas células. Assim, a utilização do método de inoculação por pulverização na concentração de 1x107 conídios/mL, em laboratório, mostrou-se eficiente contra os mecanismos de defesa de N. coxipoensis. As características histológicas do canal alimentar dos operários, de modo geral, foram semelhantes as observadas em várias espécies de cupins, porém foram evidenciadas diferenças na morfologia das células epiteliais e tipos de dobras na região do estomodeu, na disposição e númerodos ninhos, bem como a presença da membrana peritrófica na região do mesêntero. Assim essas características podem ser utilizadas como critérios para a diferenciação entre as espécies de cupins do gênero Nasutitermes.
Macaringue, Cátia Lucinda Silva. "Ictiofauna e ecologia trófica de peixes do canal de Mira - Ria de Aveiro." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/907.
Full textO presente trabalho propôs-se a aprofundar estudos tróficos e ecológicos sobre estratégia alimentar dos peixes abundantes no Canal de Mira da Ria de Aveiro. O estudo foi realizado nas estações da Barra e do Areão, localizadas neste Canal. Foram analisados 1227 estômagos de peixes pertencentes às famílias Atherinidae, Moronidae e Mugillidae, capturados sazonalmente num período compreendido entre Novembro de 2008 ao Junho de 2009. Prestou-se especial atenção ás espécies Atherina boyeri, Dicentrarchus labrax, Liza ramada e Liza aurata, tendo em conta os factores da diversidade, abundância e variedade alimentar de cada espécie. Determinaram-se os índices alimentares e aplicou-se o método gráfico de diagrama modificado de Costello (1996), a fim de interpretar e compreender os hábitos alimentares estabelecidos pelos peixes. Segundo resultados obtidos, as estratégias verificadas foram: carnívora generalista para o Dicentrarchus labrax, invertívora generalista para Atherina boyeri e invertívora especialista para os mugilídeos (Liza ramada e Liza aurata). Determinaram-se cinco grupos principais de presas, sendo, polychaeta, crustácea, insecta, detritos e vegetalia. A análise gráfica e quantitativa da dieta sugere que a maioria dos indivíduos explora vários recursos simultaneamente de acordo com a sua fase do ciclo de vida. Apurou-se a importância ecológica das relações tróficas para as comunidades piscícolas e dos parâmetros físico-químicos para o enriquecimento deste sistema. ABSTRACT: This study aimed to deepen trophic and ecological studies on the feeding strategy of fish abundant in the Mira Chanel, Ria de Aveiro. The study was conducted at the stations on Barra and Areão, located in the Chanel. We analyzed 1227 stomachs of fish belonging to the families Atherinidae, and Moronidae Mugillidae captured seasonally in a period from November 2008 to June 2009. We have paid particular attention to the species Atherina boyeri, Dicentrarchus labrax, Liza aurata and Liza ramada, taking into account the factors of diversity, abundance and variety of food for each species. Feeding index were determined and modificated method of graphic Costello (1996) diagram was applied, to interpret and understand the alimentary habits established by the fish. According to results, the strategies were found: carnivorous generalist for Dicentrarchus labrax, invertivorous Atherina boyeri for generalist and specialist invertivorous for mullets (Liza ramada and Liza aurata). We determined five main groups of prey, being polychaeta, crustacean, insect, and plant debris. The graphic analysis and quantitative diet suggests that the majority of the individuals explores several resources simultaneously according to their stage of life cycle. It was found the ecological importance of trophic relationships for fish communities and physical and chemical parameters for the enrichment of this system
Luz, Veronica Gronau 1984. "Desgaste nutricional e consumo alimentar de migrantes safristas cortadores de cana." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/309610.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: A Saúde do Trabalhador vem dando atenção à saúde física, mental e psico-social dos cortadores de cana de açúcar pela alta demanda de esforço físico a que são submetidos para cumprir metas de volume de corte, e pelo aumento dos casos de mortes no trabalho. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo caracterizar as condições de trabalho de migrantes safristas cortadores de cana e avaliar o comportamento nutricional e da composição corporal ao longo da safra, na região de Piracicaba - SP, Brasil. Visou também avaliar a qualidade da dieta e os componentes alimentares deste grupo comparando a ingestão e o gasto energético da jornada de trabalho. Realizamos um estudo descritivo longitudinal em um grupo intencionalmente selecionado de trabalhadores no corte manual de cana, em Elias Fausto, SP. Eles responderam a um questionário sócio-demográfico e permitiram aferir suas medidas antropométricas para o calcularmos o Índice de Massa Corporal, o Percentual de Gordura Corporal e a Circunferência Muscular do Braço em três momentos da safra. Colhemos dados individuais sobre ingestão hídrica, reposição eletrolítica e alimentação durante o período de trabalho, complementados com a descrição qualitativa e quantitativa das marmitas do almoço em três dias distintos por observação direta no local onde as refeições foram preparadas. O gasto energético durante a jornada de trabalho foi comparado com o consumo do mesmo período. Ao final da safra foi retirada amostra de sangue total para dosar Creatino Quinase na isoforma da musculatura esquelética, proteína C reativa e uréia plasmática, como marcadores bioquímicos de inflamação. Acompanhamos durante quatro meses trinta homens migrantes safristas provenientes do Estado do Ceará com idade entre 18 e 44 anos. Os trabalhadores apresentaram perdas significativas de gordura corporal e peso do início até a metade da safra sem recuperação até o final. Todos ganharam massa magra e os de ingresso mais antigo na atividade ganharam menos. Foram encontrados níveis anormais de Creatino Quinase (75,0%) e Uréia (16,7%) entre os safristas. Os cortadores ingeriam no mínimo 5 litros de água por dia e a diluição dos repositores eletrolíticos era feita de forma inadequada. A alimentação foi monótona, com baixa qualidade, fria e diferente dos hábitos alimentares dos trabalhadores. As marmitas apresentaram variação do valor energético entre 1000 e 1300 calorias. Os trabalhadores que consumiram mais energia do que os gastos estimados apresentaram menor perda de percentual de gordura corporal (p=0,03). Encontramos evidências de que o trabalho no corte manual de cana gera perda de peso e de gordura corporal com aumento de massa magra com alterações importantes de marcadores bioquímicos de inflamação crônica e sistêmica. São necessários mais estudos longitudinais nesta população para entender melhor a relação esforço, desgaste, longevidade e saúde no corte de cana. Não é possível afirmar que a quantidade diária total ingerida fosse insuficiente em relação ao gasto, mas a dieta foi monótona e pobre em nutrientes. Estudos adicionais sobre a alimentação desta população poderiam melhorar o manejo dos repositores eletrolíticos para minimizar o desgaste gerado pelo excesso de trabalho
Abstract: The Field of workers' health has paid increasing attention to the physical, mental and psychosocial health of sugar cane manual harvesters due to their high physical efforts to cope with high demands of cutting volume, and by the increasing number of deaths at work. This research aimed at characterizing the working conditions of seasonal harvest migrant workers in the sugar cane crops and also to evaluate their nutritional behavior and body composition along the harvest, in the upstate São Paulo - Brazil. It also aimed to qualitatively evaluate their diet and food components through comparing ingested food with estimated energy expenses during the work days. We conducted a descriptive follow-up study in an intentionally selected group of manual sugar cane cutting in Elias Fausto. They answered to a socio-demographic questionnaire and allowed to take their anthropometric measures to calculate Body Mass Index, Body Fat Composition, and the Arm Muscle Circumference at three timing points during the harvest. We collected individual data on water intake, electrolytic replacement and food intake during the working period, complemented with a qualitative and quantitative description of the meal packages for the lunch in the work field in three different days observing directly the kitchen during its' prepare. The energy consumption during the work day was compared with the parallel intake. At the end of the harvest a sample of total blood was taken to dosing motor muscles isoenzime of creatine kinase, blood protein C and plasma Urea, as biochemical markers for inflammation. We followed-up during four months a group of thirty men migrant harvesters that came from the State of Ceará, aged from 18 to 44 years old. Workers showed significant loss of body fat and weight from the start up to the middle of the harvest without recovery until the end. All men got increased lean muscle mass but those who worked long time in the job got less. Abnormal blood levels among the harvesters were found for creating kinase (75.0%) and for urea (16.7%). The workers drink a minimum of 5 litters of water a day and their way of diluting the electrolytic replacers was inadequate. Available meals were monotonous and with low quality, cold and different from the workers' traditional way of eating. The meal packages contained an estimated energy bulk varying between 1000 and 1300 calories. Workers who ingested more energy than the estimated expenses showed less drop in body fat (p=0.03). Evidences were found that the work in the manual cut of sugar cane harvest generates loss of weight and body fat with increase in muscle mass with important changes in biochemical marchers of systemic and chronic inflammation. Additional longitudinal studies are needed in this population to better understand the relationships among efforts, tear, life extent and health at the sugar cane harvesting. It is not possible to say that the total daily energy intake was enough for the job, but diet was monotonous and poor. Further studies on the nutrition of these workers could allow for better handling of the electrolytic replacement to mitigate the tear generated by the excessive work
Mestrado
Epidemiologia
Mestre em Saude Coletiva
Oliveira, Maryane Sespere Faria de. "Fibra da cana-de-açúcar para suínos pesados em restrição alimentar qualitativa /." Jaboticabal, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/136176.
Full textBanca: Fábio Enrique Lemos Budiño
Banca: Pedro Henrique Watanabe
Banca: Luciano Hauschild
Banca: Jane maria Bertocco Ezequiel
Resumo: Foram conduzidos três experimentos com o objetivo de avaliar a composição nutricional e energética da fibra da cana-de-açúcar, os efeitos de sua inclusão em dietas para suínos submetidos a um programa de restrição alimentar qualitativa e abatidos com 130kg, bem como, os efeitos sobre a produção de biogás a partir dos dejetos destes. O primeiro experimento, avaliou a composição e o valor nutricional da fibra da cana-de-açúcar, sendo utilizados 20 suínos com peso inicial de 77,55±1,74kg, foram distribuídos em dois tratamentos (dieta basal e dieta teste, com inclusão de 30% de fibra da cana-de-açúcar) e 10 repetições. No segundo experimento avaliou-se o desempenho dos animais e as características e qualidade da carne. Cinquenta suínos, com peso inicial de 79,33±6,22kg e final de 123,37±11,18kg, foram distribuídos em um delineamento em blocos casualizados, com cinco dietas experimentais (0, 5, 10, 15 e 20% de fibra da cana-de-açúcar) e 10 repetições. O terceiro experimento avaliou a produção de biogás e os seus potenciais de produção, utilizou-se 40 biodigestores tipo batelada, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos (0, 5, 10, 15 e 20% de fibra da cana-de-açúcar) e oito repetições. Os baixos teores de nutrientes e energia digestíveis da fibra da cana-de-açúcar reduziu os coeficientes de digestibilidade das dietas experimentais. Consequentemente, houve piora no desempenho e menor peso final para o abate. Assim, os pesos de carcaça quente, do pernil e da quantidade de carne magra foram reduzidos, à medida que houve aumento nos níveis de fibra da cana-de-açúcar nas dietas. No entanto, melhora nas características de carcaça como diminuição da espessura de toucinho e aumento da relação carne/gordura foram observadas, sem alterar os parâmetros de qualidade da carne. Os teores de minerais nas fezes, foram reduzidos...
Abstract: Three trials were realized to evaluate the nutritional composition and energy value of sugarcane fiber, the effects of their inclusion in diets for finishing swine for late slaughter, in a qualitative feed restriction program, and the effects on the production of biogas from the waste of these. The first trial, was conducted to evaluate the composition and nutritional value of the sugarcane fiber, being used 20 pigs with initial weight of 77.55±1.74kg were distributed into two experimental diets (basal diet and test diet with inclusion of 30% sugarcane fiber) and 10 replicates. In the second experiment evaluated the animal performance, carcass traits and meat quality. Fifty barrows with initial body weight of 79.33±6.22kg and final body weight of 123.37±11.18kg were allocated in a randomized block design with five experimental diets (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% of sugarcane fiber) and 10 replicates. The third experiment evaluated the production of biogas and its production potencial, 40 biodigesters type batch were distributed in a completely randomized design with five treatments (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% of sugarcane fiber) and eight replications. The low levels of nutrients and digestible energy of the sugarcane fiber reduced the digestibility coefficients of experimental diets, they got worse performance and consequently lower final weight for slaughter. Thus the carcass weight, the ham weight and the amount of lean meat were reduced, as there was an increase in fiber levels of sugarcane in the diets. However, improvement in carcass traits such as decreased backfat thickness and increase of the ratio meat / fat were observed without changing the meat quality parameters. The mineral contents in the feces were reduced, but the waste excretions increased as there was an increase in fiber levels of sugarcane in the diets. The production of biogas and methane, as well as their production not influenced ...
Doutor
Cristina, da Silva Maria. "A meiofauna como estoque alimentar para peixes juvenis (Gobiidae e Gerreidae) do Canal de Santa Cruz, Itamaracá, Pernambuco com ênfase aos Nematoda livres." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2004. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/946.
Full textO presente estudo objetivou determinar a importância da meiofauna como fonte de alimento para os peixes das famílias Gerreidae (Diapterus rhombeus e Eucinostomus sp.) e Gobiidae (Bathygobius soporator e Gobionellus oceanicus). Considerando que os Nematoda constituem o grupo mais representativo da meiofauna no canal de Santa Cruz, Itamaracá PE, investigou-se se poderia existir uma seleção por parte dos predadores. As coletas se processaram em três meses de estiagem e três meses chuvosos em 1998/1999. Foram coletadas 4 réplicas na baixamar com um corer de 2,6 cm de diâmetro e 5,0 cm de comprimento. Os peixes juvenis cujo comprimento padrão do corpo variou de 1,7 a 5,5 cm, foram capturados com rede de arrasto de 1 mm de abertura. A meiofauna dos sedimentos e dos conteúdos gastro-intestinais foi separada através de peneiras com abertura de malhas de 0,044 a 0,5 mm. Cem Nematoda foram retirados das amostras sedimentológicas e todos os indivíduos dos conteúdos para identificação. Foram feitas análises de similaridade para o emprego das ANOSIM, MDS, e SIMPER. Onze táxons foram registrados, apresentando a densidade máxima em janeiro/99 (20.458 ind. 10 cm-2) e a menor em junho/99 (4.162 ind. 10 cm-2). Os táxons mais abundantes foram os Nematoda seguidos dos Copepoda. Os outros demais grupos apresentaram densidades que variaram temporalmente. Os índices de diversidade empregados para a meiofauna e Nematoda dos conteúdos não mostraram grande variabilidade sazonal. O MDS utilizado para correlacionar a meiofauna e aquela correspondente aos segmentos gastro-intestinais mostrou que, possivelmente, os peixes não se alimentam de todos os táxons determinados no ambiente, indicando uma seleção. O SIMPER mostrou que Copepoda e Nematoda são os táxons responsáveis pelo padrão de alimentação, sendo os primeiros os mais abundantes. Um total de 56 gêneros de Nematoda foram registrados no sedimento, sendo que, destes, três foram detectados somente no conteúdo gastro-intestnal dos peixes. Os mais abundantes foram Terschellingia longicaudata, Spirinia septentrionalis, Daptonema sp.1 e Theristus sp.2, tendo sido determinada uma espécie nova para o último gênero citado. A população nematofaunística esteve composta, principalmente por juvenis. A classificação trófica foi composta, principalmente, por comedores seletivos de depósito (1A) no período seco e por comedores de epistratos (2A) no período chuvoso. A ANOSIM indicou haver correlação significativa tanto para a nematofauna e os gerreídeos, como também para os gabiídeos. A equitabilidade acompanhou a diversidade, sendo mínimas em fevereiro. Os peixes estudados apresentaram uma preferência por Copepoda, enquanto os Nematoda, parecem ser um item negligenciado, não existindo preferência por qualquer gênero em particular. No entanto, foi possível concluir que a meiofauna representa um potencial considerável como alimento para níveis tróficos superiores, tendo em vista as altas densidades registradas. De acordo com a quantidade de indivíduos meiofaunísticos detectados no conteúdo gastro-intestinal dos peixes, a meiofauna deve ser compreendida como uma importante fonte energética para peixes juvenis estuarinos
CORREIA, Alicely Araújo. "Histofisiologia do canal alimentar e hemócitos de Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) tratadas com Nim (Azadirachta indica A.Juss)." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2008. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5948.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is the main pest of corn crops. The control of S. frugiperda requires various insecticide applications that might result on selection of resistant populations and environmental contamination. A promising alternative toward the control of this pest is the use of vegetal insecticides such as neem, Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Meliaceae). Few data exist related to the immunologic and histophysiologic reactions of S. frugiperda larvae under neem treatment. Thus, the present research had as objectives: (a) to characterize and to quantify the hemocytes of S. frugiperda larvae pre- and post-treatment with concentrations 0.5 and 1.0% of neem (Neemseto®) on the intervals of 48, 96, 144, 192 and 240h; (b) to describe, histologically, the food channel of the larvae; (c) to characterize the effect of the concentrations 0.5 and 1.0% of neem, in the same evaluation intervals after treatment, on the histophysiology of midgut; (d) to quantify the regenerative cells and; (e) to analyze,histochemically, the secretion product of midgut. Six types of hemocytes were identified in the hemolymph of S. frugiperda larvae: Adipohemocytes, Spherulocytes, Granulocytes, Eonocytoids, Plasmatocytes and Prohemocytes. And, the most abundant hemocytes were Granulocytes and Plasmatocytes. The counting of hemocytes showed effects as function of neem concentrations onthe hemocytary dynamics and possivelmente the endocrine events, contributing for mortality and observed morphologic abnormalities. Despite of expressive larval mortality and of effects with neem at concentration 1.0%, both concentrations (0.5 and 1.0%) modified the cellular immunity of the larvae. Histophysiological alterations occurred as function of tested neem concentrations and time after treatment observed as: degeneration of the epithelium and musculature of the midgut, reduction of regenerative cells and the secretory activity of this region, in the two concentrations of neem. These alterations, however, were observed for larvae treated with neem at concentration 1.0% already from 96h after treatment. These results demonstrate the insecticide activity of the commercial formulation neem (Neemseto®) in both tested concentrations, on thehistophysiology of midgut and on the immunologic reactions of S. frugiperda larvae.
Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) é a principal praga da cultura do milho. Seu controle demanda elevado número de aplicações de inseticidas sintéticos, podendo ocasionar seleção de populações resistentes e contaminação ambiental. Uma alternativa promissora para o controle deste inseto é a utilização de substâncias com ação inseticida oriundas de plantas como o nim, Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Meliaceae). Contudo, os aspectos relacionados às reações imunológicas e histofisiológicas de lagartas de S. frugiperda, promovidos pela interação com o nim, ainda são pouco estudados. Assim, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivos: (a) caracterizar e realizar a contagem diferencial dos hemócitos de lagartas de S. frugiperda, antes e após o tratamento com nim (Neemseto®) nas concentrações 0,5 e 1,0%, nos intervalos de 48, 96, 144, 192 e 240h; (b )descrever, histologicamente, o canal alimentar dessas lagartas; (c) caracterizar o efeito das concentrações 0,5 e 1,0% do nim, nos mesmos intervalos deavaliação após tratamento, sobre a histofisiologia do mesêntero; (d) quantificar as células regenerativas e; (e) analisar, histoquimicamente, o produto de secreção do mesêntero. Na hemolinfa das lagartas de S. frugiperda foram identificados seis tipos de hemócitos: Adipohemócitos, Esferulócitos, Granulócitos, Oenocitóides, Plasmatócitos e Prohemócitos, sendoos Granulócitos e Plasmatócitos mais freqüentes. A contagem diferencial dos hemócitos revelou um efeito concentração-dependente do nim, afetando a dinâmica hemocitária e possivelmente os eventos endócrinos, contribuindo para a mortalidade e anormalidades morfológicas observadas. Apesar da mortalidade e dos efeitos ocorrerem de forma mais expressiva no tratamento com nim a 1,0%, ambas as concentrações (0,5 e 1,0%) alteraram a imunidade celular das lagartas. Foram observadas alterações histofisiológicas que variaram de intensidade de acordo com o tempo e as concentrações, tais como: degeneração do epitélio e da musculatura do mesêntero, redução de células regenerativas e da atividade secretora desta região, nas duas concentrações do nim. Porém, estas alterações foram observadas nas lagartas tratadas com nim a 1,0% já a partir de 96h após o tratamento. Esses resultados demonstram a atividade inseticida da formulação comercial de nim(Neemseto) em ambas as concentrações testadas, na histofisiologia do mesêntero e nas reações imunológicas de lagartas de S. frugiperda.
Robertson, Amy Renee. "The Isolation and Characterization of the Microbial Flora in the Alimentary Canal of Gromphadorhina portentosa Based on rDNA Sequences." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2069.
Full textFiestas, Díaz Marianella Beatriz. "Diagnóstico y propuesta de mejora en el plan de ventas orientado al canal tradicional en una empresa de consumo masivo empleando metodología Lean." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/14667.
Full textAbbad, Hicham. "L'orientation à long terme dans le canal de la distribution : le cas de la relation entre la grande distribution et les PMI agro-alimentaires au Maroc." Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX24001.
Full textValério, Valmir José de Oliveira. "Agonia da comida : da expansão da cana-de-açúcar ao movimento da produção e distribuição de hortifrútis no estado de São Paulo (2006-2017) /." Presidente Prudente, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/191268.
Full textResumo: Imprescindível na manutenção das condições de acumulação do capital, o regime alimentar e a sua etapa corporativa fazem surgir os impérios alimentares, modos de ordenamento que trazem em si o potencial de controlar integralmente a produção, distribuição e consumo de alimentos. Em que pese a sua abrangência global, o controle atualmente exercido pelos impérios alimentares se realiza, efetivamente, na escala de cada um dos municípios produtores, o que evidencia a necessidade não apenas da articulação de escalas para o entendimento dos processos, mas, principalmente, da importância de pensar a produção ativa da mesma, estratégia pela qual é possível apontar caminhos para a superação das relações de dependência subentendidas às grandes cadeias de abastecimento. Nesse contexto, a expansão de monoculturas como a cana-de-açúcar e a consequente redução local e regional da produção de alimentos reforça a separação que permite aos impérios alimentares controlar produtores e consumidores. Isto posto, a partir dos referenciais teóricos e conceituais da Geografia, este trabalho tem por objetivo demonstrar a validade da tese de que a expansão da cana-de-açúcar implica na redução da produção de alimentos hortifrútis e, com isso, no aumento das distâncias percorridas pelos alimentos. No estado de São Paulo, a expansão do agronegócio sucroenergético pressupõe a incorporação crescente de áreas anteriormente utilizadas para outros tipos de cultivo, o que inclui, inevitavelmente, alimentos. Com ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Essential in maintaining the conditions of capital accumulation, the food regime and its corporate stage give rise to food empires, modes of planning that bring the potential to fully control the production, distribution and consumption of food. Despite its global scope, the control currently exercised by the food empires is effectively carried out on the scale of each of the producing municipalities, which highlights the need not only for the articulation of scales to understand the processes, but mainly of the importance of thinking about its active production, a strategy by which it is possible to point out ways to overcome the dependency relationships implied by the large supply chains. In this context, the expansion of monocultures such as sugar cane and the consequent local and regional reduction of food production reinforces the separation that allows food empires to control producers and consumers. Thus, based on the theoretical and conceptual references of Geography, this research aims to demonstrate the validity of the thesis that the expansion of sugarcane implies a reduction in the production of fruits and vegetables and, thus, in the increasing distances traveled by the food. In the state of São Paulo, the expansion of sugarcane agribusiness presupposes the increasing incorporation of areas previously used for other types of cultivation, which inevitably includes food. With this, their production becomes difficult and reduced, especially at local and regional sca... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Resumen: Esencial para mantener las condiciones de acumulación del capital, lo régimen alimentario y su etapa corporativa dan lugar a imperios alimentarios, modos de planificación que brindan el potencial de controlar completamente la producción, distribución y consumo de alimentos. A pesar de su alcance global, el control que ejercen actualmente los imperios alimentarios se lleva a cabo efectivamente en la escala de cada uno de los municipios productores, lo que pone de relieve la necesidad no solo de la articulación de escalas para comprender los procesos, sino principalmente la importancia de pensar en su producción activa, una estrategia mediante la cual es posible señalar formas de superar las relaciones de dependencia que implican las grandes cadenas de suministro. En este contexto, la expansión de monocultivos como la caña de azúcar y la consiguiente reducción local y regional en la producción de alimentos refuerza la separación que permite a los imperios alimentarios controlar a los productores y consumidores. Por lo tanto, con base en los marcos teóricos y conceptuales de Geografía, este trabajo tiene como objetivo demostrar la validez de la tesis de que la expansión de la caña de azúcar implica una reducción en la producción de frutas y verduras y, por lo tanto, un aumento de las distancias viajadas por la comida. En el estado de São Paulo, la expansión de la agroindustria azucarera y energética presupone la incorporación creciente de áreas previamente utilizadas para otros ... (Resumen completo clicar acceso eletrônico abajo)
Doutor
Souza, Silvana Anelisa Bezerra de. "Significados dos alimentos e de sua distribuição intrafamiliar para mulheres de trabalhadores de cana-de-açúcar do Nordeste do Brasil." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPE, 2015. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/14074.
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A alimentação é fundamental para a sobrevivência humana e sua prática é influenciada pela cultura dos indivíduos, refletindo o caráter social das práticas alimentares. Dentre os ambientes em que são realizadas as refeições, o familiar é um dos mais importantes. Na família, há uma prática comum de distribuir os alimentos que visa atender as necessidades biológicas dos indivíduos, entretanto é cercada por aspectos históricos, socioculturais e econômicos. As atividades domésticas, incluindo às relacionados com a alimentação, historicamente são atribuídas às mulheres. Por isso, este estudo qualitativo objetivou desvelar os significados dos alimentos e de sua distribuição intrafamiliar para mulheres de trabalhadores de cana-de-açúcar do Nordeste do Brasil. A amostra foi intencional e composta por 17 mulheres companheiras de trabalhadores das lavouras de cana-de-açúcar. As entrevistas individuais incluíram as questões norteadoras: O que à senhora entende por alimento? O que significa os alimentos para sua vida e da sua família? Como a senhora divide e distribui os alimentos na sua família? Como a senhora se sente quando distribui os alimentos entre os membros de sua família? As informações foram interpretadas à luz dos constructos teóricos: a Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional e o Direito Humano à Alimentação Adequada e as influências históricas e socioculturais na formação das práticas alimentares da família brasileira. A análise das informações geraram quatro categorias temáticas: alimento como essencial à vida; sentimentos ambíguos diante da disponibilidade de alimentos no domicílio; a disponibilidade de alimentos e as atribuições do homem e da mulher interferindo na partilha; iniquidades sociais no contexto da partilha de alimentos. A ênfase na importância da alimentação para sobrevivência reflete a priorização do seu aspecto biológico, enquanto as situações de iniquidade e discriminação na partilha de alimentos entre os membros e a distinção de alimentos de pobres e ricos se relacionam com questões históricas e culturais. Os sentimentos dicotômicos, por sua vez, estavam associados com a disponibilidade de alimentos no domicílio, refletindo a dimensão psicológica da alimentação. Estes significados se relacionam com diferentes níveis de insegurança alimentar e nutricional nesta população.
Arias, Pacheco Carmen Andrea. "Estimación de la frecuencia e impacto económico de los decomisos por distomatosis en vacunos faenados en el camal de la provincia de Huancayo." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/4790.
Full text--- The aim of this study was to estimate the frequency and direct economic losses of bovine liver condemned at slaughterhouses due to fasciolosis. Records of the authorized abattoir for bovine slaughter of Huancayo province, 3259 meters above sea level, in the Peruvian central Andes, were evaluated. Registered data were obtained since September 2013 until December 2014. Thereafter, viscera condemned because of fluke disease were weighed to estimate the average weight. Risk analysis software @Risk® was used in order to estimate economic losses. Monthly frequencies of fasciolosis, the recorded monthly prices of each organ sold at the abattoir, and the average weight and its standard deviation were analyzed with beta, triangular and normal distribution, respectively. Economic losses were estimated by multiplying the number of liver condemned per viscera weight per its selling price. Additionally, a stochastic distribution model was performed with the intention of obtaining a distribution curve of the economic losses. The average weights of livers condemned was 4.19 ± 1.28 kg. The general frequency of livers condemned was 73.66% and the frequency of liver fasciolosis was 55.72%. There were no significant differences between the frequency of infected organs and sex of animals slaughtered. The estimated economic loss because of bovine fasciolosis was S/. 99,164.45 (CI95%: S/. 82,495.00 - S/. 116,110.00) or US$35,079.71 (CI95%: US$29,178.00 - US$40,938.00). The livers contribute to food security in the Andes because they are an economical protein source used in traditional Andean cuisine. Key words: Beta distribution, economic losses, food security, stochastic distribution, triangular distribution, viscera.
Tesis
Conceição, Fabiano Tomazini da [UNESP]. "Comportamento geoquímico de radionuclídeos e metais pesados em solos da Bacia do Rio Corumbataí (SP)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103021.
Full textFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Este trabalho visou estudar o comportamento geoquímico de radionuclídeos e metais pesados em solos de uso agrícola na bacia do Rio Corumbataí (SP). A concentração e variabilidade natural em rochas sedimentares na bacia do Rio Corumbataí segue a tendência Ca > Mg > K > Na, com baixa concentração natural de metais pesados e radionuclídeos. A distribuição das taxas de dose nos solos mostra que ocorre uma maior taxa de exposição na região sul da bacia do Rio Corumbataí, onde há aplicação de fertilizantes fosfatados, corretivos agrícolas e vinhaça em plantações de cana-de-açúcar. Metais pesados e radionuclídeos existentes nos fertilizantes fosfatados e corretivos agrícolas são adicionados anualmente nas plantações de cana-de-açúcar, mas se usados de acordo com as taxas recomendadas, não aumentam suas concentrações em solos para níveis perigosos. Assim, há baixa transferência destes elementos dos solos para a cana-de-açúcar na bacia do Rio Corumbataí, não oferecem nenhum risco ao ecossistema e à saúde do animal e do homem. Palavras-chave: Radionuclídeos e metais pesados, Solos e fertilizantes, Plantações de canade- açúcar, Cadeia alimentar.
The purpose of this research was to study the geochemical behavior of radionuclides and heavy metals in soils of agricultural use at Corumbataí River basin (SP). The natural concentration and variability in sedimentary rocks at Corumbataí river basin follow the trend Ca > Mg > K > Na, with the concentration of heavy metals and radionuclides. The distribution of exposure rate in soils shows the occurrence of higher values towards south of the Corumbataí river basin, region where are applied phosphate fertilizers, amendments and vinhaça in sugar cane crops. Heavy metals and radionuclides incorporated in phosphate fertilizers and amendments are annually added during the fertilization process in the sugar cane crops, but if they are utilized in accordance with the recommended rate, they do not rise the concentration levels in soils up to hazards levels. Thus, they are lower transferred from soils to sugar cane at Corumbataí river basin, not offering hazard to the ecosystem and animal or human health.
Endo, Viviane [UNESP]. "Influência da palha e tempo de preparo da calda antes da hidrólise da cana-de-açúcar em dietas de vacas leiteiras." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/136216.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
A cana-de-açúcar tem papel importante no agronegócio brasileiro para a produção de etanol e açúcar. A palha da cana-de-açúcar é um resíduo orgânico pobre em sacarose para produção de etanol e de baixo valor nutritivo para a alimentação animal. Devido a isso, o processo de queima dos canaviais ocorre em larga escala com intuito de facilitar a colheita da cana-de-açúcar, além de limpar o canavial para a próxima safra. Entretanto, a queima causa danos à saúde e impacto ambiental. No estudo foram avaliados dois fatores da cana-de-açúcar: a influência da palha e a influência dos tempos de preparo da calda de hidróxido de cálcio (Ca(OH)2) antes da hidrólise da cana-de-açúcar. Os parâmetros avaliados neste estudo foram: composição bromatológica, temperatura e pH da cana-de-açúcar, digestibilidade de nutrientes, desempenho de vacas leiteiras e uso de imagens de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) da cana-de-açúcar antes e após a digestão in vitro. O primeiro estudo foi um arranjo fatorial 2 x 5 [cana-de-açúcar com ou sem palha e cinco tempos de preparo da calda de Ca(OH)2 antes da hidrólise da cana-de-açúcar (72, 48, 24, 0,5 horas e sem preparo)]. No segundo estudo foi avaliado a digestibilidade in vitro dos nutrientes em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos: cana-de-açúcar fresca sem palha, HPT0,5 (cana-de-açúcar hidrolisada com palha e a calda preparada 0,5 horas antes da hidrólise), HPT72 (cana-de-açúcar hidrolisada com palha e a calda preparada 72 horas antes da hidrólise), HT0,5 e HT72, cana-de-açúcar hidrolisada sem palha usando os mesmos procedimentos de preparo da calda na cana-de-açúcar com palha. Posteriormente, utilizou-se um delineamento em quadrado latino 5 x 5 (cinco vacas em lactação e cinco tratamentos) para estudo de desempenho. Imagens de MEV foram feitas como complemento para visualização da cana-de-açúcar com e sem digestão in vitro. Como resultados, a cana-de-açúcar fresca sem palha e hidrolisada com palha e a calda preparada 72 horas antes apresentou menor teor de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN). O pH da cana-de-açúcar hidrolisada, devido à presença do agente alcalinizante foi maior em comparação à cana-de-açúcar fresca independente da palha. A temperatura foi influenciada pela palha, apresentando-se maior quando esta estava presente. Em relação à digestibilidade dos nutrientes, a cana-de-açúcar hidrolisada com palha, quando comparada à hidrolisada sem palha, apresentou menor digestibilidade in vitro de matéria seca (MS) e maior digestibilidade in vitro da FDN. Para o desempenho das vacas, houve menor consumo de MS para a cana-de-açúcar com palha em comparação à cana-deaçúcar sem palha. A produção de leite manteve-se constante entre os tratamentos, assim como a sua composição. Nas imagens da MEV, algumas pequenas partículas de cana-de-açúcar que foram observadas nas amostras não digerida, após a digestão in vitro parecem ter sofrido alguma digestão. O que permaneceu foram partículas maiores, ou seja, partículas indigestíveis. A utilização da cana-de-açúcar com palha e a calda de Ca(OH)2 preparada 72 horas antes da hidrólise é recomendada devido à melhor eficiência alimentar das vacas, além de facilitar a mão-de-obra.
Sugarcane has an important role in agribusiness because of ethanol and sugar production. Straw of sugarcane is an organic residue, it has low nutritional value to animal feed and a poor sucrose content which is used to produce ethanol. Because of this, burning of the sugarcane is performed on a large scale aiming to facilitate the sugarcane harvest, besides cleaning the sugarcane fields for the next crop. Burning, however, is not safe for health and causes harmful environmental impact. The study evaluated two sugarcane factors: the influence of straw and the time of lime preparation on the sugarcane hydrolysis. The variables analyzed on this study were: chemical composition, temperature and pH of sugarcane, nutrient digestibility, performance of dairy cows and the use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of sugarcane before and after in vitro digestion. First study was arranged as a factorial 2 x 5 [sugarcane with or without straw and five times of the lime preparation before hydrolysis of sugarcane (72, 48, 24, 0.5 hours and no lime used)]. The lime used was calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2. In the second study the in vitro digestibility of nutrients was evaluated and arranged as a completely randomized design with five treatments: fresh sugarcane without straw, HST0.5 (hydrolyzed sugarcane with straw and the lime prepared 0.5 hours before the hydrolysis), HST72 (hydrolyzed sugarcane with straw and the lime prepared 72 hours before the hydrolysis), HT0.5 (hydrolyzed sugarcane without straw and the lime prepared 0.5 hours before the hydrolysis) and HT72 (hydrolyzed sugarcane without straw and the lime prepared 72 hours before the hydrolysis). Posteriorly, a Latin square design 5 x 5 five lactating cows and five treatments was arranged for performance of dairy cows. As complement, SEM images of sugarcane before and after the in vitro digestion were done. As results, fresh sugarcane without straw and hydrolyzed with straw and the lime prepared 72 hours in advance presented lower neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content. The pH of hydrolyzed sugarcane was higher compared to fresh sugarcane, due to the presence of the alkalizing agent, regardless of straw. Temperature was higher when the straw was present. Regarding the digestibility of nutrients, sugarcane with straw showed lower in vitro digestibility of dry matter (DM) and higher in vitro digestibility of NDF compared with hydrolyzed sugarcane. For the cow’s performance, a lower DM intake was observed for sugarcane with straw compared with sugarcane without straw. Milk production was similar among treatments, as well as its composition. Providing sugarcane with straw and the lime of Ca(OH)2 prepared 72 hours before hydrolysis of sugarcane is recommended because it provided better feed efficiency to the cows. Additionally, it facilitates the labor.
CNPq: 151452/2012-1
Santos, Mateus Castilho. "Aditivos químicos para o tratamento da cana-de-açúcar in natura e ensilada (Saccharum officinarum L.)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-10042007-155044/.
Full textThe objective of this trial was to evaluate the effects of chemical additives over the dry matter losses, chemical composition, nutritive value and aerobic stability of green chopped and ensiled sugarcane. In the first trial, the sugar cane was ensiled in experimental silos. The trial was carried out in a completely randomized experimental design with four replicates per treatment. The treatments evaluated were: L. buchneri, CaO and CaCO3, 1.0 e 1.5% and Ca(SO4)2, 1.0% (wet basis), all of them diluted to 40L of water per ton of fresh forage. After the silos were opened, the following variables were analyzed: losses, aerobic stability, nutritive value and chemical composition. Higher recovery rates and lower dry matter losses and gaseous production were observed for the silages containing CaO or CaCO3. In these treatments were also observed lower ethanol production and higher lactic acid and water soluble carbohydrates contents. The analysis of nutritive value showed that the utilization of CaO and CaCO3 increased the ash content, diminished the fibrous portion, improved the organic and dry matter digestibility and resulted in small changes of the crude protein content. The utilization of L. buchneri and Ca(SO4)2 resulted in silages similar to the control treatment for these variables. In the aerobic stability assay, only the silage containing 1.5% of CaO maintained the best performance. The silages treated with L. buchneri or Ca(SO4)2 showed similar performance. In summary, the silages treated with CaO or CaCO3 showed the best performance in the anaerobic phase and in the aerobic assay, only the treatment containing 1.5% of CaO maintained the positive performance across both assay. In the second trial, the green chopped sugar cane was treated with doses of CaO in an aerobic assay during ten days. The trial was carried out as a completely randomized experimental design with four replicates in a factorial design with repeated measures. The factorial was composed by two application methods and by increasing doses of CaO (0, 0.5, 1.0 e 1.5% in FF). The following variables were analyzed during the assay: aerobic stability, nutritive value and chemical composition. During the aerobic assay, the treatment with CaO reduced the heating and the dry matter losses in fresh sugar cane. For the chemical composition and nutritive value, there were no differences between treatments for the water soluble carbohydrates concentration. The utilization of CaO increased the pH and ash content of forages. Higher levels of crude protein were observed for the control forage, however the utilization of CaO did not reduced significantly the crude protein value. Doses of 1.0 and 1.5% of CaO inhibited the NDF and ADF uprising contents in the fresh sugar cane. The hemicellulose portion was solubilized immediately after the addition of CaO. Higher IVDMD and IVOMD coefficients were observed for the forage treated with 1.0% of CaO applied dried, mainly during the period immediately after treatment.
BARBOSA, Robson Tavares. "Dieta e sobreposição de nichos de duas espécies de gerreídeos, Eugerres brasilianus (Cuvier, 1830) e Diapterus rhombeus (Cuvier, 1829) capturadas no canal de Santa Cruz, Itamaracá, Pernambuco." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2012. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/6458.
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This study evaluated the profiles of seasonal diets of Eugerres brasilianus and Diapterus rhombeus, and food overlap between these species caught in the channel of Santa Cruz, located on the northern coast of the Pernambuco state, from June 2010 to May 2011. The goal was to provide input as a basis for studies aimed at the sustainable use and cultivation of these species. To understand their eating habits, we analyzed 837 individuals of both species, 567 species of E. brasilianus and 270 species of D. rhombeus, which, through its degree of fullness, frequency of occurrence, frequency number and index of food importance, we could verify their diets. As for the evaluation of overlapping niches, we used the Morisita-Horn index and multivariate analysis (Euclidean Distance). The two species have a very diverse food spectrum with high niche overlap (0.97). The most consumed item by both was Polychaeta, item with more than 75% of important food for both species. Bivalvia and Decapoda, were the most consumed by E. brasilianus item after the Polychaeta, with peak consumption during the year. While, for D. rhombeus, the most consumed items after the item Polychaeta were Amphipoda and Stomatopoda. The two species, as well as most individuals Gerreidae family, can be considered generalists because they present a wide food spectrum, opportunistic taking advantage of food in abundance in the environment, and omnivores with a preference for benthic invertebrates, especially polychaetes.
Neste trabalho foram avaliados os perfis sazonais das dietas de Eugerres brasilianus e Diapterus rhombeus, e, a sobreposição alimentar entre estas espécies capturadas no canal de Santa Cruz, localizado no litoral norte do estado de Pernambuco, no período de junho de 2010 a maio de 2011. Teve como objetivo fornecer subsídios que sirvam de base para estudos voltados para o cultivo e uso sustentável destas espécies. Para entender seus hábitos alimentares, foram analisados 837 indivíduos das duas espécies, 567 da espécie E. brasilianus e 270 da espécies D. rhombeus, dos quais, através do seu grau de repleção, freqüência de ocorrência, freqüência numérica e índice de importância alimentar, pôde-se verificar suas dietas. Já para a avaliação da sobreposição de nichos, utilizou-se o índice de Morisita-Horn e análise multivariada (Distância Euclidiana). As duas espécies apresentaram um espectro alimentar bastante variado com alta sobreposição de nichos (0,97). O item mais consumido por ambas foi o item Polychaeta, com mais de 75% de importância alimentar para ambas as espécies. Decapoda e Bivalvia, foram os itens mais consumidos por E. brasilianus depois do item Polychaeta, apresentando picos de consumo durante o ano. Enquanto que, para D. rhombeus, os itens mais consumidos após o item Polychaeta, foram Amphipoda e Stomatopoda. As duas espécies, assim como a maioria dos indivíduos da família Gerreidae, podem ser consideradas generalistas, por apresentarem um variado espectro alimentar, oportunistas por se aproveitarem do alimento em abundância no ambiente, e, onívoras com preferência para invertebrados bentônicos, especialmente para poliquetas.
Valério, Valmir José de Oliveira [UNESP]. "A segurança da dependência e os desafios da soberania: expansão da agroindústria canavieira e a geografia do abastecimento alimentar no município de Tupi Paulista/SP." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/131855.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Diferentes sujeitos disputam formas específicas de uso da terra e de gestão/controle do território e, com isso, contribuem na produção do espaço a partir do seu projeto de sociedade. Essas diferenças e disputas territoriais são importantes para compreender os diferentes modelos de desenvolvimento do campo promovidos pela agricultura camponesa e aquele promovido pelo agronegócio, no caso deste projeto, especificamente o agronegócio canavieiro. Partindo desta premissa e, tomando como referencial o conceito de soberania alimentar como o direito dos povos de produzir de acordo com suas práticas e hábitos culturais, alimentos para o abastecimento dos locais próximos, nesta pesquisa verificamos a hipótese de que a territorialização da cana-de-açúcar tem provocado a precarização das condições de produção de gêneros alimentícios da agricultura camponesa destinados ao abastecimento local e regional, aprofundando a dependência em relação ao movimento dos alimentos no espaço e diminuindo as possibilidades de estabelecimento da soberania alimentar...
Different actors dispute specific forms of land use and management/control of territory, and contribute in the production of space in different ways, depending on their respective projects of society. These differences and territorial disputes are important to understand diverse models of development of the countryside: promoted by peasant agriculture and promoted by agribusiness, and in this case, specifically the sugarcane agribusiness. Given this, and using the concept of food sovereignty - the right of peoples to produce, in accordance with their own practices and cultural habits, the food for local consumption and markets - as a referential concept and point of departure, this project postulates the following hypothesis to be verified: the territorialization of sugarcane is resulting in more precarious conditions of production of other food crops destined for local and regional consumption, deepening dependence on the movement of food in space, aggravating the establishment of food sovereignty...
Maldonado, José Guillermo Muñoz. "Associação de aditivos químicos e microbianos no controle da fermentação e estabilidade aeróbia em silagens de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum officinarum L.)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-19022008-104110/.
Full textThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of chemical and microbial additives on dry matter losses, fermentative profile, nutritive value and aerobic stability of sugarcane silages. The variety used to ensiling was RB-72454, harvested with 12 months of regrowth. It was analyzed as a completely randomized model, with six treatments and four replications for each treatment. Besides the control sugarcane silage, were tested two types of microbial additives: Lactobacillus plantarum and the association of L. plantarum and Streptococcus faecium and Pediocccus acidilactici (BAL). Moreover these two microbial additives were associated with two levels of sodium benzoate, 0.01 or 0.05% of fresh matter. The microbial additives were applied trying to reach 5 x 104 UFC/g of forage. The variables analyzed were: total dry matter losses, gases losses, effluent yield, dry matter recovery rate, fermentative profile, aerobic stability and nutritive value when the silos were opened and during the aerobic stability trial. The greatest fermentative and gaseous losses were observed in silages treated with L. plantarum associated with 0.05% of sodium benzoate. However, there is no difference among treatments regarding the fermentative profile. The silages added with L. plantarum associated to 0.05% of sodium benzoate showed highest cell wall content and lowest in vitro dry matter digestibility. Most of the treatments showed similar nutritive value as control silages. Regarding the aerobic stability assay, L. plantarum associated to 0.05% of sodium benzoate had highest accumulated temperature in the first five days (ADITE-5) and the lowest temperature pick. Similarly, these silages remained the pH stable and showed highest dry matter recovery rate in the first five days during aerobic trial. Although, there were no differences in the other variables in aerobic assay. In terms of nutritive value, the treatment of L. plantarum associated 0.05% of sodium benzoate, showed lowest fiber content and highest in vitro dry matter digestibility during the first five days of aerobic stability trial. There were no differences in the water soluble carbohydrates and crude protein content among treatments. In general, considering the whole trial, the treatment with L. platarum associated with 0.05% of sodium benzoate had better performance during the aerobic phase than the fermentative one.
Moda, Evelise Moncaio. "Produção de Pleurotus sajor-caju em bagaço de cana-de-açúcar lavado e o uso de aditivos visando sua conservação "in natura"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11141/tde-25042005-152253/.
Full textTraditionally, the cultivation of edible mushroom Pleurotus sajor-caju or hiratake has been carried out on different composted and pasteurized agricultural residues. They are usually sold in natura and according to the storage conditions the mushroomsshelf life varies from 3 to 7 days. The objectives of this study were to investigate the traditional processes of compostage and pasteurization in substitution by washed and supplemented (mineral or organic) sugar cane bagasse and evaluate the increase of fresh mushroomsshelf life by immersion into different solutions. In the first experiment, the fresh sugar cane bagasse was washed in fresh water and packed in ethylene bag added with the spawn; the suplementation of washed sugar cane bagasse was mineral (with the nutritive solution) or organic (with the corn gritz). The biological efficiency and the contamination of the substrate were analysed. After harvest, the mushrooms were immersed into different solutions for 2 minutes, dryed, packed in trays and kept under refrigeration (4ºC) for 10 days. Coloration, texture, weight and global aspect of the mushrooms were evaluated in this period of storage. The washed bagasse was efficient to inhibit the growth of competitive microorganisms during the spawning and production of the mushrooms. The supplementation with nutritive solution presented the best biological efficiency media (BEM), 30,03% while with the control was 26,62%. The corn gritz presented the worst performance, with a BEM of 15,66%. The yellowish of mushrooms occurred and their texture and weight decreased. The global aspect of the immersed mushrooms had no difference compared to the control not immersed. This process of immersion into different solutions did not extend the shelf life of fresh mushrooms.
Bunho, Rosana Matias Almeida. "Avaliação do sistema de distribuição das refeições dos cortadores de cana em uma usina do município de Piracicaba, SP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11141/tde-19122011-091838/.
Full textFeeding is one of man´s most important activities. Group feeding aims at providing nutritious food in qualitative and quantitative terms, as well as attending sanitary requisites. With this in mind, this paper is aimed at analyzing the adherence to good procedures during the cooking and delivery procedures of meals served to rural workers of a sugar mill located in Piracicaba, SP. The work was focused on the delivery and on thermal food containers. The evaluation was conducted by means of a Good Practices of Manufacturing (GPM) checklist and by comparing two delivery systems: Traditional Thermal Food Container (TC) and Hot Box (HB). The variables assessed were temperature conservation, microbial count, compliance to legislation and client satisfaction level. Results showed partial adherence to GPM in processes of the food and nutrition unity (70.9%). Of the 21.4 non-conformities, 37.5% were related to production flow and, of the 7.7% partially attended items, 22.2% related to food handlers procedures. Temperatures measured at the moment of placing food in containers were 70.4ºC in the TC system and 68.2ºC in the HB system, while temperatures at the moment of food consumption were 34.6ºC and 50.7ºC, indicating temperatures losses of 35.8ºC and 17.4ºC, respectively. Food microbiological analyses showed satisfactory results at the moment of placing food in containers and at food consumption for the HB system. Unsuitable results (Coliforms at 45ºC above 1.100MLN/g and Bacilus Cereus at 350,000 CFU/g) were observed in food kept in the TC system at consumption time. Aspects related to working legislation (containers quality and transportation procedures, use of the resting areas and pauses/resting appointments) were partially achieved in the TC system and fully attended in the HB system. The client satisfaction survey showed that 74% of the workers preferred the HB systems to the TC system. It can be concluded that the HB system showed to be more effective than the TC system, but, in view of the results especially verified in the production system checklist, higher adherence to the GPM is necessary to ensure food innocuity.
Valério, Valmir José de Oliveira. "A segurança da dependência e os desafios da soberania : expansão da agroindústria canavieira e a geografia do abastecimento alimentar no município de Tupi Paulista/SP /." Presidente Prudente, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/131855.
Full textBanca: Eliane Tomiasi Paulino
Banca: Antonio Thomaz Júnior
Resumo: Diferentes sujeitos disputam formas específicas de uso da terra e de gestão/controle do território e, com isso, contribuem na produção do espaço a partir do seu projeto de sociedade. Essas diferenças e disputas territoriais são importantes para compreender os diferentes modelos de desenvolvimento do campo promovidos pela agricultura camponesa e aquele promovido pelo agronegócio, no caso deste projeto, especificamente o agronegócio canavieiro. Partindo desta premissa e, tomando como referencial o conceito de soberania alimentar como o direito dos povos de produzir de acordo com suas práticas e hábitos culturais, alimentos para o abastecimento dos locais próximos, nesta pesquisa verificamos a hipótese de que a territorialização da cana-de-açúcar tem provocado a precarização das condições de produção de gêneros alimentícios da agricultura camponesa destinados ao abastecimento local e regional, aprofundando a dependência em relação ao movimento dos alimentos no espaço e diminuindo as possibilidades de estabelecimento da soberania alimentar...
Abstract: Different actors dispute specific forms of land use and management/control of territory, and contribute in the production of space in different ways, depending on their respective projects of society. These differences and territorial disputes are important to understand diverse models of development of the countryside: promoted by peasant agriculture and promoted by agribusiness, and in this case, specifically the sugarcane agribusiness. Given this, and using the concept of food sovereignty - the right of peoples to produce, in accordance with their own practices and cultural habits, the food for local consumption and markets - as a referential concept and point of departure, this project postulates the following hypothesis to be verified: the territorialization of sugarcane is resulting in more precarious conditions of production of other food crops destined for local and regional consumption, deepening dependence on the movement of food in space, aggravating the establishment of food sovereignty...
Mestre
Endo, Viviane. "Influência da palha e tempo de preparo da calda antes da hidrólise da cana-de-açúcar em dietas de vacas leiteiras /." Jaboticabal, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/136216.
Full textBanca: Atushi Sugohara
Banca: Márcia Saladini Vieira Salles
Banca: Paulo Roberto Leme
Banca: Paulo de Figueiredo Vieira
Resumo: A cana-de-açúcar tem papel importante no agronegócio brasileiro para a produção de etanol e açúcar. A palha da cana-de-açúcar é um resíduo orgânico pobre em sacarose para produção de etanol e de baixo valor nutritivo para a alimentação animal. Devido a isso, o processo de queima dos canaviais ocorre em larga escala com intuito de facilitar a colheita da cana-de-açúcar, além de limpar o canavial para a próxima safra. Entretanto, a queima causa danos à saúde e impacto ambiental. No estudo foram avaliados dois fatores da cana-de-açúcar: a influência da palha e a influência dos tempos de preparo da calda de hidróxido de cálcio (Ca(OH)2) antes da hidrólise da cana-de-açúcar. Os parâmetros avaliados neste estudo foram: composição bromatológica, temperatura e pH da cana-de-açúcar, digestibilidade de nutrientes, desempenho de vacas leiteiras e uso de imagens de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) da cana-de-açúcar antes e após a digestão in vitro. O primeiro estudo foi um arranjo fatorial 2 x 5 [cana-de-açúcar com ou sem palha e cinco tempos de preparo da calda de Ca(OH)2 antes da hidrólise da cana-de-açúcar (72, 48, 24, 0,5 horas e sem preparo)]. No segundo estudo foi avaliado a digestibilidade in vitro dos nutrientes em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos: cana-de-açúcar fresca sem palha, HPT0,5 (cana-de-açúcar hidrolisada com palha e a calda preparada 0,5 horas antes da hidrólise), HPT72 (cana-de-açúcar hidrolisada com palha e a calda preparada 72 horas antes da hidrólise), HT0,5 e HT72, cana-de-açúcar hidrolisada sem palha usando os mesmos procedimentos de preparo da calda na cana-de-açúcar com palha. Posteriormente, utilizou-se um delineamento em quadrado latino 5 x 5 (cinco vacas em lactação e cinco tratamentos) para estudo de desempenho. Imagens de MEV foram feitas como complemento para visualização...
Abstract: Sugarcane has an important role in agribusiness because of ethanol and sugar production. Straw of sugarcane is an organic residue, it has low nutritional value to animal feed and a poor sucrose content which is used to produce ethanol. Because of this, burning of the sugarcane is performed on a large scale aiming to facilitate the sugarcane harvest, besides cleaning the sugarcane fields for the next crop. Burning, however, is not safe for health and causes harmful environmental impact. The study evaluated two sugarcane factors: the influence of straw and the time of lime preparation on the sugarcane hydrolysis. The variables analyzed on this study were: chemical composition, temperature and pH of sugarcane, nutrient digestibility, performance of dairy cows and the use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of sugarcane before and after in vitro digestion. First study was arranged as a factorial 2 x 5 [sugarcane with or without straw and five times of the lime preparation before hydrolysis of sugarcane (72, 48, 24, 0.5 hours and no lime used)]. The lime used was calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2. In the second study the in vitro digestibility of nutrients was evaluated and arranged as a completely randomized design with five treatments: fresh sugarcane without straw, HST0.5 (hydrolyzed sugarcane with straw and the lime prepared 0.5 hours before the hydrolysis), HST72 (hydrolyzed sugarcane with straw and the lime prepared 72 hours before the hydrolysis), HT0.5 (hydrolyzed sugarcane without straw and the lime prepared 0.5 hours before the hydrolysis) and HT72 (hydrolyzed sugarcane without straw and the lime prepared 72 hours before the hydrolysis). Posteriorly, a Latin square design 5 x 5 five lactating cows and five treatments was arranged for performance of dairy cows. As complement, SEM images of sugarcane before and after the in vitro digestion were done. As results, fresh sugarcane without ...
Doutor
Lins, Poliana Gabriele Alves de Souza. "Prefer?ncia e competi??o alimentar em um grupo de Sapajus flavius em fragmento de Mata Atl?ntica em Caapor? ? Para?ba ? Brasil." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2015. http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/20942.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq)
A alimenta??o ? press?o seletiva b?sica de todas as formas de animais. Modelos em ecologia nutricional de primatas prev?em as consequ?ncias do consumo de alimentos preferidos e n?o preferidos no comportamento, fisiologia e morfologia dos animais. Ao mesmo tempo, modelos s?cio-ecol?gicos inferem o padr?o de organiza??o social a partir do tipo de competi??o alimentar enfrentada pelos animais. A defini??o de alimentos preferidos, e infer?ncias sobre a intensidade de competi??o e suas consequ?ncias comportamentais s?o informa??es valiosas para manejo de animais em fragmentos. Neste trabalho observamos o comportamento alimentar e posicionamento espacial de um grupo de mais de 100 macacos-prego galego (Sapajus flavius) que habitam um fragmento de Mata Atl?ntica, cercado por planta??es de cana-de-a??car. N?s comparamos o consumo de diferentes itens alimentares com sua disponibilidade mensal na regi?o para definirmos os alimentos preferidos e reserva, e contabilizamos as vocaliza??es de agress?o e a distancia inter-individual (?rea de m?nimo pol?gono convexo/n indiv?duos) para inferir a intensidade de competi??o alimentar vivenciada pelos animais. No ano estudado o tempo consumindo frutas correlacionou com a produtividade das frutas, indicando prefer?ncia por frutos. Os nossos dados indicam que as esp?cies Elaeis sp., Cecropia palmata, Inga spp. e Simarouba amara s?o os alimentos preferidos na dieta. Dispon?vel durante todo o ano e uniformemente distribu?da, a cana-de-a??car constituiu um item regular na dieta e foi caracterizado como alimento reserva est?vel para este grupo. Embora as frutas sejam itens alimentares preferenciais, a taxa de competi??o direta n?o se correlacionou com a sua produtividade, mantendo-se a ?ndices elevados durante todo o ano (2,45 eventos / hora). O ?ndice de distancia inter-individual correlacionou positivamente com a pluviometria indicando varia??o na competi??o indireta por alimentos. O n?mero de vizinhos das f?meas com filhotes foi menor quando a produtividade de frutos era baixa, indicando que elas est?o sofrendo alta competi??o indireta. Nossos dados indicam que esse grupo faz uso de cana-de-a??car como alimento reserva est?vel, o que evidencia a import?ncia da matriz circundante ao fragmento para a sobreviv?ncia desta esp?cie criticamente amea?ada de macaco-prego no Nordeste do Brasil. Uma lista preliminar de alimentos preferidos e importantes ? ofertada, e pode auxiliar na escolha de ?rvores para reflorestamento e corredores, e escolha de fragmentos a serem conservados e ?reas de soltura e transloca??o de animais. N?o verificamos aumento de competi??o direta durante o uso de alimentos preferidos, mas sim durante o uso de alimento reserva est?vel. Isso pode dever-se ao ambiente alterado, que resulta em alta competi??o alimentar durante todo o ano. Tanto a preferencia alimentar quanto as consequ?ncias s?cio-comportamentais da alta competi??o alimentar vivenciada pelos animais neste fragmento precisam ser acompanhadas ao longo dos anos para assegurar a sobreviv?ncia desta popula??o.
Feeding is the primary selective pressure in all forms of animals. Nutritional ecological models predict consequences of preferred and non-preferred food consumption on behavioural, physiological and morphological adaptations. At same time, socioecological models infer socio-organizarion patterns based on feeding competition faced by animals. A list of preferred foods, and inferences regarding the intensity of feeding competition and its behavioural consequences are information of much importance for management of populations in fragments. In this work we observed the feeding behavior and spatial positioning of a group of more than 100 blond capuchin monkeys (Sapajus flavius) that inhabit a fragment of Atlantic forest, surrounded by sugarcane plantation. We compared the consumption of different food items with their monthly availability in the area to define the preferred and fallback food items. We recorded the vocalizations of aggression and the inter-individual distance (area of Minimum Convex Polygon/n individuals) to infer the type of food competition experienced by animals. In the year studied the fruit feeding time correlated with top consumed fruit productivity, indicating preference for fruits. Our data indicate that the species Elaeis sp., Cecropia palmata, Inga spp. and Simarouba amara are the preferred food items in the diet. Available all year round and uniformly distributed, sugarcane was a regular item in the diet and its was characterized as a staple fallback food for this group. Although fruits are preferential food items, direct competition rate did not correlate to fruit productivity in the area, maintaining the high rates throughout the year (2.45 events/ hour). The inter-individual distance index positively correlated with rain fall indicating scramble food competition. The number of neighbours of females carrying infants was smaller when fruit productivity is low, indicating that females carrying infants are suffering increased indirect competition. Our data indicates that blond capuchins in this fragment make use of sugar cane as a staple fallback food, which evidence the importance of sugar cane landscape for the survival of this critically endangered capuchin species in fragmented habitats in Northeast Brazil. A preliminary list of preferred and important foods is offered, and can assist in the choice of trees for reforestation, better fragments to be preserved and areas of release and translocation of animals. We did not observe an increase of contest competition while using preferred foods, but when using staple FBF. This may be due the altered environment, which results in high competition food throughout the year. Both the food preference as the social and behavioral consequences of high food competition experienced by animals in this fragment must be accompanied over the years to ensure the survival of this population.
Pedroso, André de Faria. "Aditivos químicos e microbianos no controle de perdas e na qualidade de silagem de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum officinarum L.)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-23092003-141702/.
Full textThe objective of this project was to evaluate chemical and microbial additives on ethanol control in sugar cane silages, aiming to decrease dry matter (DM) and nutritional losses during storage. Three laboratory silos trials were conducted to study fermentation process and associated losses, and one additional experiment was carried out to evaluate animal performance. For the laboratory trials sugar cane (12 months vegetative growth) was ensiled in 20 L plastic buckets provided with valves for gas release and a device for effluent collection: Experiment I: Aimed to characterize fermentation, DM losses and epiphytic microflora dynamics during ensilage. Silage sampling at ½ , 1, 2, 3, 7, 15, 45, 90, 120 and 180 days after sealing indicated: intensive growth of yeast population until day two of fermentation (5.1 log cfu g -1 ); ethanol reached its highest content after 15 days from sealing (6.4% in DM) when 68% of the water soluble carbohydrates (CHOs) disappeared; total DM (29%) and gases (16% of the DM) losses reached a plateau after 45 days of ensilage; effluent yield was negligible (20 kg t -1 ); silage pH was lowest after 180 days of storage (3.47); ethanol production led to increased CHOs loss and higher fiber content in the silage, which in turn were associated with reduction in silage's IVDDM (63 to 47%). Experiment II: The main objective was to evaluate the addition of wet basis): urea (0.5, 1.0,1.5%), NaOH (1, 2, 3%), calcium propionate-PROP (0.05, 0.1, 0.2%), sodium benzoate-BENZ (0.05, 0.1, 0.2%), potassium sorbate-SORB (0.015, 0.03, 0.045%), L. plantarum-LAB (1 x 10 6 cfu g -1 ), L. buchneri-BUCH (3.64 x 10 5 cfu g -1 ), urea (0.5 e 1.0% fresh basis) plus L. plantarum-Lact/Ur 0.5% and Lact/Ur 1.0% on silage quality, DM losses and aerobic stability. Comparison of treated silages with control after 90 and 180 days from sealing indicated: none of the additives were effective to decrease ethanol concentration in silages and PROP-0.1% and LAB even increased (P<0.05) alcohol levels (4.8 and 12.5% vs 3.8% in control DM); urea, NaOH, SORB-0.03%, BUCH, Lact/Ur 0.5% and Lact/Ur 1.0% treated silages showed lower total DM losses (P<0.05); higher IVDDM was achieved by adding urea, NaOH, BENZ and SORB-0.045% (P<0.05); aerobic stability was improved with BUCH, Lact/Ur 1.0%, urea-1.5%, NaOH (1 and 2%) and BENZ-0.2% treatments (P<0.05). Experiment III: The objective was to compare the effects of additives screened in experiment II based on silage fermentation traits, DM losses and aerobic stability. Treatments were (wet basis): urea (0.5%), sodium benzoate-BENZ (0.1%), potassium sorbate-SORB (0.03%), L. plantarum-LAB (1 x 10 6 cfu g -1 ) e L. buchneri-BUCH (3.64 x 10 5 cfu g -1 ). Comparing treated silages with control after 94 days from sealing indicated: urea, BENZ, SORB and BUCH resulted in silages with less etanol, however LAB resulted in higher ethanol concentration (P<0.05); urea and SORB treatments decreased total DM losses (P<0.05); IVDDM was higher for urea and lower for LAB treated silages (P<0.05); CHOs content was higher in BENZ treated silage (P<0.05). Regression slopes performed through 144 days after sealing indicated: ethanol yield was maximum between 60 and 90 days; gases losses were extended up to 90 days and was lower in urea treated silages; BUCH inoculated silages showed a trend to loose more CHOs; treatment with urea and SORB resulted in silages with increased total DM and effluent losses; IVDDM reduced linearly with time in chemically treated silages, probably due to the increased effluent yield. BUCH and BENZ improved silages aerobic stability over control (78 and 72 h vs 48 h). Experiment IV: Thirty two Holstein heifers (388 kg) were allocated to 4 treatments, 4 replications each, in a block design. The animals were fed total mixed rations containing 46% sugar cane silage, within the following treatments (wet basis): control (without additive), urea (0.5%), sodium benzoate-BENZ (0.1%) e Lactobacillus buchneri-BUCH (3.64 x 10 5 cfu g -1 ). Average daily gain (ADG) showed 21% increase (P<0.05) for BENZ and 32% for BUCH over control (0.9 kg d -1 ); better feed conversions (DMI/ADG) were observed for BENZ and BUCH (7.6 and 7.7 vs 9.4); DM intake (2.2% BW) did not differ (P>0.10) across treatments. Urea treated silage was similar to control in all traits (P>0.05).
Schmidt, Patrick. "Perdas fermentativas na ensilagem, parâmetros digestivos e desempenho de bovinos de corte alimentados com rações contendo silagens de cana-de-açúcar." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-06102006-170541/.
Full textThe goal of this trial was to evaluate ensiling associated factors influencing sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum L.)silages, mainly the use of chemical and microbial additives on the chemical composition, fermentative losses, nutrient digestion and performance of beef cattle. On the first trial, sugar cane varieties were evaluated across harvesting forage ages, storage time and the addition of urea over the chemical composition, fermentative parameters and losses. A factorial 3x2x2x2 design was applied upon experimental silos. The nutrient composition of silages was affected by the studied factors. The silages from IAC86-2480 variety showed lower fiber and dry matter contents and higher in vitro digestibility contents than the silage made of IAC87-3184 variety. Plants that were cut at the age of 15 months led to lower DM losses. The urea addition on ensiling was effective on decreasing total DM losses and did not change the ethanol or acetic acid contents, however increased the mean lactic acid content of silages. On a second trial, the chemical additives, urea and Na-benzoate, were evaluated and the microbial inoculants Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) and L. buchneri were also studied on sugar cane ensiling, compared to the control sugar cane silage, by using ruminally cannulated steers fed TMR rations in a digestion trial. The additives altered the composition and the DM recovery rate of the silages. Overall DM intake, apparent in vivo digestibilities and animal behavior were not affected by treatments. The ruminal parameters were slightly affected by treatments, which averaged molar concentrations of acetic, propionic and butyric acids of 60.9, 19.3 and 10.2 mM, respectively. The urea, LB and Na-benzoate treatments promoted moderate increase on DM effective degradabilities of silages. On the third trial, sugar cane silage without additives and LB added silages were studied on the feedlot beef cattle rations. Fifty six Nellore or Canchim beef bulls were assigned to treatments and fed with 45% forage rations. The LB silages had small changes on the chemical composition and the control silage showed a three times increased content of ethanol when compared to inoculated silages (1.53 vs 0.45% of DM). The concentrates added to silages were effective on improving the aerobic stability parameters. The rations containing LB added silages provided increase on the DM intake (23.0%) and daily weight gain of animals (12.7%), when compared to the control silage ration. The ingestive behavior of experimental bulls was affected by treatments, where control silage ration showed increased feeding, rumination and chewing time, when compared to the inoculated silages. The additives on sugar cane ensiling were effective to prevent losses and to preserve the nutritive value of ensiled forage.
Ferreira, Thiago Cavalcante. "Influ?ncia da disponibilidade e consumo de frutos no comportamento agon?stico e espa?amento interindividual de macacos barrigudos (Lagothrix cana)." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2018. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/8232.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
Group living animals, like most primates, benefit from a reduction in predation risk and an improvement in their potential to compete for food with other groups. However, gregariousness also increases intragroup food competition that can modulate within-group agonism and interindividual spatial patterns. We evaluated the influence of fruit availability and consumption (degree of frugivory) on the agonistic behavior and interindividual distance in two populations of Gray woolly monkeys living in forest fragments in southwestern Brazilian Amazonia. We recorded 165 intragroup agonistic interactions in a feeding context via the ?all occurrences? method and 3,549 records of spacing via scan sampling. Fruit consumption presented a direct relationship with agonistic and spacing behavior, whereas our estimate of fruit availability was a good predictor only for spacing. Woolly monkey selection of food patches composed of trees with diameter at breast height almost fourfold than that of the trees found in the phenology plots might explain the lack of relationship between fruit availability and agonism. The proportion of time (50%) that woolly monkeys had no nearby (<5 m) neighbors is compatible with a strategy of reducing intragroup fruit competition by managing interindividual distances. In sum, we presented the first evidence of aggressive intragroup feeding competition in Lagothrix cana and demonstrate the influence of fruit availability and consumption on some aspects of the social system of woolly monkeys.
Animais que vivem em grupo, como a maioria dos primatas, s?o beneficiados por uma redu??o no risco de preda??o e um aumento na possibilidade de defesa cooperativa dos recursos. Por?m, a vida em sociedade aumenta a competi??o intragrupo por alimento, a qual pode modular as intera??es agon?sticas e o espa?amento interindividual. Avaliamos a influ?ncia da disponibilidade de frutos e seu consumo (grau de frugivoria) no comportamento agon?stico e espa?amento interindividual de duas popula??es de macacos-barrigudos em fragmentos florestais na Amaz?nia brasileira. Registramos 165 intera??es agon?sticas intragrupo no contexto de alimenta??o via m?todo de ?todas as ocorr?ncias? e 3549 registros de espa?amento via m?todo de ?varredura instant?nea?. O consumo de frutos apresentou uma rela??o direta com o comportamento agon?stico e o espa?amento interindividual, enquanto a disponibilidade de frutos foi um bom preditor apenas do espa?amento. A explora??o pelos barrigudos de locais de alimenta??o com ?rvores com di?metro ? altura do peito quase quatro vezes maior do que as ?rvores monitoradas para a an?lise da disponibilidade de frutos pode explicar a aus?ncia de rela??o com o agonismo. A propor??o do tempo (50%) na qual os barrigudos estiveram sem vizinhos pr?ximos (<5 m) ? compat?vel com uma estrat?gia de redu??o da competi??o intragrupo por frutos via manuten??o do distanciamento interindividual. Em suma, apresentamos as primeiras evid?ncias de competi??o agressiva intragrupo para Lagothrix cana e demonstramos a import?ncia da disponibilidade e consumo de frutos em moldar alguns aspectos do sistema social dos barrigudos.
Mari, Lucas José. "Desempenho de bovinos de corte alimentados com rações contendo cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum officinarum L.) fresca ou ensilada e o padrão de fermentação e a estabilidade aeróbia das silagens aditivadas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-16072008-120405/.
Full textThe objectives of these studies were to evaluate chemical and microbial additives in sugar cane silages and their effects on chemical composition, fermentative losses and aerobic stability, as well as the effects on the animal performance. In the first trial sugar cane silages were compared to green-chopped sugar cane as part of total mixed rations used to feed ruminants. The forage sources also were tested for chemical composition and aerobic stability. Sixty-three Nellore beef bulls fed with 40% of forage in TMR, in a completely randomized block design, with three treatments and six replications each. The treatments used were: green chopped sugar cane (FR), sugar cane silage without additive (CT) and sugar cane silage with Lactobacillus buchneri (LB). The silage groups (CT and LB) revealed similar performance as green chopped sugar cane group. Eventough, they have showed better results in the aerobic stability test, the LB group did not show better results than the control group. NRC (1996) underestimated daily gains and overestimated DM intake in all treatments. In the second experiment chemical, microbial additives as well as their association were tested in lab-scale sugar cane silages. It was analyzed as a completely randomized design, with eight treatments and four replications each. The treatments were: no additive (CT), L. buchneri applied at 5x104 cfu/g of forage (LB), 1% of CaO in powder form (CLs), 1% of CaO diluted in water (CLa), 1% of CaCO3 in powder form (CCs), 1% of CaCO3 diluted in water (CCa), association of LB and CLs (CLsLB) and association of LB and CLa (CLaLB). The calcium oxide treatment turned out to be a good option in sugar cane silages by enhancing the chemical composition, the nutritive value and the aerobic stability. In the third experiment, four of those eight treatments previously tested were evaluated in animal performance level. The forage sources have been also tested for chemical composition and aerobic stability. For this trial 59 three-cross breed beef bulls were fed TMR with 40% of forage, in a completely randomized block design, with four treatments and five replications each. The treatments were: sugar cane silage without additive (CT) and sugar cane silage with Lactobacillus buchneri (LB) and chemical treatments, 1% of calcium oxide (CL) and 1% of calcium carbonate (CC), both applied in a powder form. The chemical additives led to lower ADG than CT and LB animals. However, the CL treatment showed the best results in terms of chemical composition and aerobic stability among all four treatments. As observed previously NRC (1996) underestimated daily gains and overestimated DM intake.
Bini, Danton Leonel de Camargo. "Da formação socioespacial à diferenciação dos circuitos espaciais agropecuários na região de Araçatuba (SP)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8136/tde-16072015-121345/.
Full textThis research analyzes the formation of the socio-spatial agriculture of Araçatuba / Sao Paolo / Brazil. Guided by the timeline of the hegemonic occupations in the regional agriculture space, weighed up the plot presented from the analysis annexations of upper objects that underpinned systems in different time territorial divisions of production and labor. Coffee, cotton, beef cattle and sugarcane configured cycles of occupations that were characterized as dominant spatial circuits of agriculture in Araçatuba. Users of most agricultural areas of Western Sao Paolo State, the beef cattle and sugarcane farming conformed in recent decades a land ownership defined as cane-ox system. In coexistence with these hegemonic occupations, other food crops worked productively for the priority supply of local, regional and national domestic market. Arranged in different levels of technological improvement, and organizational capitalizing, these agricultural activities are present in the horizontality of the used territory in spatial circuits complementary hegemony and subaltern. Characteristic of food supply in nature in the regions is the most distant source be consumed. Result of the territorial division of production of different food cultures in geographic space and the accumulation of technical-organizational knowledge producers in agricultural regions, each food has predominantly concentrated circuits originating in spots and stains the territory given to productive specializations in the capitalist market. However, in maintenance survives and reproduces rudimentary techniques (in the interstices of new modernities) autochthonous rationalities that persist in offering traditional products of regional culture. For the current period, is presented in this research the current manifestation of this multiterritoriality geographic space of Araçatuba.
Teixeira, Sergio Alves. "A influência do setor supermercadista brasileiro sobre os modelos de gestão comercial da indústria de bens de consumo alimentar: quais os fatores críticos na definição de modelos de gerenciamento comercial das empresas que se utilizam do canal varejista brasileiro após a forte concentração de mercado ocorrida no final dos anos 90?" reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/5719.
Full textEsta dissertação tem como objetivo propor uma metodologia de análise que destaque os fatores críticos na definição de modelos estratégicos e organizacionais da área comercial de fabricantes de produtos alimentares que pretender utilizar o canal de distribuição varejista brasileiro após a forte concentração vivida no final dos anos 90. Para tanto fez-se um estudo do mercado supermercadista brasileiro destacando suas principais mudanças e a importância da efetiva administração dos canais. Como conclusão tem-se que empresas que vislumbrem adotar modelos de excelência operacional com adição de valor ao consumidor final, depararão com a complexidade do gerenciamento do relacionamento de seus clientes, principalmente no que tange aos clientes chaves que a partir de 1999 ganham individualmente dimensão e importância equivalente a canais de distribuição anteriormente considerados de vital importância para distribuição de produtos. Atingir a excelência operacional tende a passar pela integração estratégica, organizacional, logística, tecnológica e mercadológica entre fornecedor e clientes - ou seja, passa por uma proposta de valor. Atender as exigências atuais e futuras dos clientes, principalmente dos grandes players, será um verdadeiro desafio para os profissionais de administração já que vultuosas somas de recursos financeiros, novos formatos organizacionais e novas habilidades dos profissionais das áreas de marketing e comercial devem surgir nos próximos anos.
Souza, Carlos Amaury Zanelli de. "Avaliação econômica e energética da colheita de forragem para alimentação suplementar bovina." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11148/tde-05112012-100550/.
Full textBrazil has currently the largest commercial cattle herd in the world with approximately 205 million animals. This sector has great economic importance in Brazil, representing 6.73% of GDP, besides its importance in exports and job creation. However, the forage presents seasonal behavior due to its phenology and climate conditions, during the year. Thus, its production in pasturelands is concentrated in the rainy period, and this fact leads to the necessity of forage conservation in order to supply the herd consumption demand. Silage is an alternative for the forage preservation and its quality depends, among other factors, on the harvesting process, for which field efficiency and work speed are provided by mechanization. So, planning and knowing about harvesting system either for silage or for supplying it in natura are essential for meat production. The search for lower costs and for improvements in the production system can be fulfilled through management. The assessment in the economic and energy terms becomes important for the success of the activity, due to the high costs of agricultural production systems; mechanized operations, representing a strategic point for adopting optimization techniques to reduce the economic and energy expenditure. This study was conducted in areas of maize and sugarcane, in order to: assess the economic and energy performance of four mechanized sets, the first mechanized set was assessed 1) tractor with power of 55.2 kW and a forage harvester trawl ability to harvest a row, 2) tractor with a rated power of 62.5 kW and a harvester capable of harvesting two rows, 3) self-harvester propelled with an output of 334.6 kW and platform with 6 feet long rated,and 4) tractor with a power of 91.4 kW and a harvester for one row of sugarcane. Economical parameters such as: the hourly and operational costs and cost of biomass harvested; besides the energy demand for harvesting forage. Regarding the composition of the cost of the tensile machine, fuel is the component with higher contribution, followed by maintenance, except for self-propelled machine, which presented depreciation as the main cost component. The cost per harvested biomass of self-propelled harvester was lowest one. For energy demand, the main demanding items were fuel, depreciation and labor, for all evaluated sets.
Baker, Chantelle. "The morphology of the alimentary canal of Argulus japonicus (Crustacea: Branchiura) with reference to the host (Cyprinus carpio) parasite interface." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11996.
Full textChao-Chieh, Lin, and 林釗傑. "The Application of Tongue Viewing System in the Illness of Upper Alimentary Canal." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85750633268935704920.
Full text中原大學
醫學工程研究所
86
In recent years, the studies in scientific and objective Chinese tongue diagnosis have been widely emphasized. Quantitative analysis of tongue images with a computer is a trend in the study of tongue diagnosis. In this research, a complete tongue viewing system was established by using image processing technology. This system can be used for analyzing and finding the difference of tongue characters between healthy men and upper GI disorder patients. This system set on a moveable consulting chassis, mainly including a personal computer, a frame grabber, color CCD cameras,and the light equipment. The software which combined image processing programs and application programs of tongue-characteristic database was developed by using Delphi 3.0. The tongue image was processed by image calibration,sizes conversion,image segmentation,color analysis of tongue and coating,shape analysis of tongue, and analysis of coating properties in that order.The color classification for tongue and coating was depended on the HSI color model. And, Fourier spectrum was used to estimate the thickness of coating and distinguish between grimy coating and crusted coating.Moreover, the analyzed results could besaved to tongue-characteristic database for convenience of the preservation and management of patient's history. After the system was completely constructed, the difference of tongue characters was generalized by sampling 45 healthy men and 55 upper GI disorder patients. The results showed that the significant difference of that patient's coating percentage was larger than normal, and coating was almost located in the middle oftongue which corresponding to stomach area. There were 85% healthy men whose white coating in their middle of tongue which was less than 40%.But there were 65% patients whose white coating in their middle of tongue which was beyond 40%. Patient's tongue shapes were identical with normal.Most of tongues were 4.5~6.5 cm for the length,4~5 cm for the width, and 15~25 cm2 for the tongue area. There were 38% patients who have white-grimy coating, and which was far greater than normal (6.6%). There were 5.5% patients who have yellow-grimy coating, but none appeared in normal. Besides, the majority of normal tongue thickness was thin-white coating, but which of patient's tongue thickness was thin-white, thin-yellow, or thick-yellow coating. According to tongue characters the system recognition rate for identifying the normal and patient groups approached 85.1%. The developed tongue viewing system only provided tongue diagnostic information.However, the principles of traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis were based on four diagnostic processes which were viewing, learning, inquiring, and examining.Therefore,the system could be integrated with other Chinese diagnostic systems in the future. It would be practical to help doctors to diagnose illness more accurately.
"The Isolation and Characterization of the Microbial Flora in the Alimentary Canal of Gromphadorhina portentosa based on rDNA Sequences." East Tennessee State University, 2006. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-1106106-161503/.
Full textLogan, Richard M. "Alimentary tract mucositis: NF-kB and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the tissues and serum following chemotherapy." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/48386.
Full texthttp://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1321557
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Dentistry, 2008
Ferraz, Rui Jorge de Sousa. "Controlo da qualidade e valorização do melaço de cana da refinaria de açúcar RAR." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/72698.
Full textEste trabalho procurou identificar as origens de alguns tipos de contaminação química e microbiológica identificados em trabalhos anteriores, estudando e sugerindo soluções para a sua remoção, numa estratégia de aposta na melhoria da qualidade deste subproduto, tendo por foco a sua valorização. Verificou-se que a rama é a principal origem para a contaminação por hidrocarbonetos aromáticos policíclicos (PAHs) no melaço, contendo este contaminante na sua composição. Os resultados mostraram ainda um aumento da concentração de PAHs na rama em cerca de 16% durante o seu transporte e armazenamento. Nestes processos também ocorreu o aumento da concentração de chumbo, o que no entanto foi apenas verificado na superfície exposta da rama armazenada. A aplicação da centrifugação para o tratamento do melaço resultou, nos ensaios realizados, em uma redução da concentração de PAHs de 38.6% e 68.8%. Foram ainda alcançadas através deste tratamento relevantes melhorias das características organoléticas do melaço. Foi sugerido o estudo futuro da montagem de um sistema de centrifugação industrial, pelas vantagens que estes resultados parecem antever, como uma estratégia para a remoção dos PAHs e melhoria organolética do produto. As águas doces pobres foram identificadas como uma fonte de contaminação por chumbo. Sugeriu-se que a redução das concentrações de chumbo das águas doces poderá passar pelo uso de carvão ativado e filtragem, fazendo uso do novo sistema de filtração das águas doces instalado. Foi detetada ainda a presença de níveis elevados de acrilamida, sendo sugeridas possíveis estratégias a testar futuramente que possam minimizar a formação deste composto. No que diz respeito à qualidade microbiológica, o xarope de afinação e as águas doces foram identificados como amostras com grande carga microbiana. De forma a melhorar a sua qualidade microbiológica, sugere-se o tratamento térmico do melaço final, seguido do enchimento asséptico do mesmo, para evitar contaminações posteriores. Para redução dos níveis microbiológicos durante o processamento sugere-se ainda a implementação de um sistema de tratamento das águas doces. Foram ainda efetuadas várias sugestões de melhoria do sistema de armazenamento, para corrigir falhas detetadas que constituem fatores de risco para a qualidade química e microbiológica do melaço.
This work sought to identify the origins of some types of chemical and microbiological contamination identified in previous works, studying and suggesting solutions for their removal, following a strategy that aims to improve the quality and valorization of this by-product. It was found that raw sugar is the main source for contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in molasses, containing this contaminant on their composition. The results also showed an increase of PAHs concentration in raw sugar by about 16% during its transport and storage. These processes were also responsible for increasing the lead concentration, which however was only verified on the exposed surface of the stored raw sugar. The application of centrifugation for the treatment of molasses resulted in a reduction of the concentration of PAHs of 38,6% and 68,8%. Important improvements in the organoleptic characteristics of molasses were also achieved through this treatment. A future study of the assembly of an industrial centrifugation system was suggested, due to the advantages that these results seem to foresee, as a strategy for PAHs removal and organoleptic enhancements in the product. Sweet waters have been identified as a source of lead contamination. It has been suggested that the reduction of lead concentrations in sweet waters may be achieved using activated carbon in the new filtration system installed. The presence of high levels of acrylamide was also detected. Possible strategies for minimizing this compound formation have been suggested. With regard to the microbiological quality, refining syrup and sweet waters were identified as samples with a high microbial load. In order to improve the microbiological quality of molasses, it was suggested the application of a thermic treatment on final molasses, followed by an aseptic filling, to avoid further contamination. To reduce microbiological levels during processing, it was also suggested the implementation of a sweet waters treatment system. Various suggestions were also made to improve the storage system in order to solve storage system weaknesses that constitute risk factors for molasses chemical and microbiological quality.
Ferreira, Isabela Rodrigues Cupello Gomes. "Implementação de Sistemas de Segurança Alimentar na Adega do Casal da Manteiga Região Vitivinícola de Carcavelos." Dissertação, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/132166.
Full textFerreira, Isabela Rodrigues Cupello Gomes. "Implementação de Sistemas de Segurança Alimentar na Adega do Casal da Manteiga Região Vitivinícola de Carcavelos." Master's thesis, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/132166.
Full textRosendo, Inês Ventura. "Economia Circular no Setor dos Alimentos & Bebidas: O caso do Canal HORECA." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/71022.
Full textCoetzee, Johannes Petrus Roux. "Morfohistologie en ensiematiese werking van die spysverteringskanaal van Labeo capensis (Teleostei : Cyprinidae)." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9086.
Full textTemperature plays a very important role in the metabolic environment of coldblooded animals such as fish. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of digestive processes and the importance of temperature in the digestive system of Labeo capensis. An important consideration in the choice of the experimental animal was the economic potential and widespread occurrence of Labeo capensis in the riversystems of the Transvaal. The experimental animals were kept at three different acclimation temperatures ( 14, 19 and 25 + 1°C) for a period of six weeks. An assessment of the influence of acclimation temperature on enzyme activity vas made using test kits supplied by BOERINGER-MANNHEIM. No information exists on the morphohistology of Labeo capensis and therefore investigation on the anatomy of the digestive system was carried out in this survey. The ventro-anterior mouth is ideally situated for bottom-feeding. Pharyngeal teeth and a pharyngeal pad (or palatal organ) is situated dorsally at the entrance to the oesophagus. A short oesophagus, which possesses both a supra- and infraoesophageal valve, exists. No stomach is present and the intestinal bulge affixes the intestine to the oesophagus. The exceptionally Iona intestinum proper lies coiled in the abdominal cavity. No rectum can be identified. The micro-anatomy of the intestinal proper and bulge differs minimally. The intestinal bulge possesses longer, slimmer villi in comparrison of the flat thickened villi of the intestine proper. The bulge lacks a longitudinal muscle layer. L. capensis cellulase and dicarrboxylase activty may be contributed to the intestinal microflora and/or foodstuffs present in the digestive system. Amylase possesses the highest and the proteases (trypsin and chymotrypsin) the lowest activity. The effect of acclimation temperature is most evident on amylase, and to a lesser extent on the phosphatases. Trypsin and chymotrypsin activity is less affected by acclimation temperature, although a distinctive loss of activity is recorded for both these enzymes. The loss of acid phosphatase activity is partially contributed to the rise in intestinal pH. The effect of reaction temperature was measured and recorded as AT-values.
Cardoso, Jordana Pinto. ""Eu queria o bebé mas não queria estar grávida” : Perturbações do comportamento alimentar na gravidez." Master's thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/4334.
Full textPara além dos desafios enfrentados nos próprios diagnósticos de perturbações do comportamento alimentar, e do foco crescente das investigações na experiência do casal grávido, os estudos têm vindo a incidir igualmente no período fértil das mulheres com perturbações do comportamento alimentar, designadamente na gravidez. Esta revisão de literatura visa abordar os processos envolvidos nas perturbações do comportamento alimentar no período gravídico, nomeadamente no que respeita às vivências subjectivas das mulheres grávidas e dos seus companheiros. Apesar da escassez de estudos sobre a sua experiência neste período, sobretudo relativos às vivências dos intervenientes, é visível a variedade de respostas das grávidas que tiveram alguma perturbação do comportamento alimentar na sua história de vida. Para além da prevalência e dos riscos associados a estas perturbações para a grávida e para o bebé, analisa-se igualmente a precipitação, melhoria, manutenção ou agravamento de sintomas associados a perturbações do comportamento alimentar e possíveis factores envolvidos. Aborda-se, finalmente, a importância na avaliação e intervenção dos técnicos de saúde.
ABSTRACT: In addition to the challenges faced in the diagnose of eating disorders, and the increasing focus of research on the experience of the pregnant couple, studies have been also centered in the fertile period of women with eating disorders, particularly in pregnancy. This literature review aims to attempt the processes involved in eating disorders in the pregnancy period, in particular as regards the subjective experiences of pregnant women and their partners. Despite the shortage of studies on their experience in this period, particularly concerning experiences of stakeholders, there’s a large variety of responses in pregnant women that had some eating disorder in their lives. In addition to the prevalence and risks associated with such disruptions to women and babies, we also analyze the precipitation, improvements, maintenance or worsening of symptoms associated with eating disorders and possible factors involved. We approach also the importance of assessment and interventions of the health professionals.
Sena, Silvânia de Fátima Monteiro. "Análise dos Dados 2016 a 2017 da Inspeção Geral das Atividades Económicas (IGAE) de Cabo Verde com vista a implementação de estratégias: impacto na Segurança Alimentar." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10198/19157.
Full textCabo Verde is a country extensively subject to importation, especially regarding to food. This is justified by low local production, due to unfavorable soil and climatic factors, since rainfall is low and there are not enough resources to meet this need. On the other hand, the internal production of food is often the result of a subsistence economy, most of the times, short in the fulfillment of legal requirements. Concern about food safety has made it evident that there is a need to monitor the quality of food as a guarantee of safe and adequate food production. In Cabo Verde, the official control of food extends to measures of food safety control and verification of legislation compliance. Hence, the present dissertation has the objective of analyzing and processing statistical data obtained from the inspections carried out by IGAE-Cabo Verde (Inspeção-Geral das Atividades Económicas) between 2016 and 2017. These data relate to the number of inspections found for transgression. In addition, in order to assess the evolution of the number of inspections in recent years, the data from 2010 to 2015, which refer to total inspections, have been also provided. In this context, inspections made between 2016 and 2017 were classified as infractions found in the food area, in different subcategories, such as Operational Prerequisites (Operational PPrs), Shelf Life, Labeling, Layout and Adulteration, conceiving to attain a more significant overview in terms of volume and suggest measures to reduce their impact. From the classified subcategories, a significant part of the infractions found was the labeling of cachaça, which was highlighted in the absence of mandatory mention, and for this reason the labeling situation of cachaça was analyzed in separate. A questionnaire survey, covering a total of 93 producers and 74 consumers, was carried out for the study. A 167 completed surveys were obtained, being carried out between producers and consumers from Cabo Verde, distributed by the different islands, assessing the knowledge of the labeling and mandatory particulars in cachaça. The analysis of the surveys concludes that there is a lack of knowledge of the legal requirements, both by producers and consumers. In fact, with the illegal operation of the cachaça industries, it is not surprising that the producers do not comply with the labeling, and with the mandatory particulars that should be included in it.