Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Canal sodium voltage-dépendant'
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Pauron, David. "Pharmacologie, purification et reconstitution du canal sodium dépendant du voltage." Nice, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NICE4054.
Full textPetitprez, Séverine. "Cardiac and muscle channelopathies : roles and regulation of voltage-gated sodium channels." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077257.
Full textThe contraction of muscles cells is due to the propagation of an electrical influx called action potential (AP). It results from the sequential opening of ion channels generating currents through the cell membranes. The voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav) are responsible for the rising phase of the AP. Nav1. 4 and Nav1. 5 are respectively the main skeletal muscle and cardiac sodium channels. Mutations in their encoding genes (SCN4A and SCN5A) lead respectively to neuromuscular disorders or cardiac arrhythmias. The general aim of my PhD has been to study channelopathies. I first characterized the effects of two mutations. I used HEK293 cells to express wild-type or mutant channels and study their biophysical properties. We found that the SCN4A mutation produced complex alterations of Nav1. 4 function, explaining the myotonic phenotype described in patients carrying the mutation. In the second study, the index case carried a SCN5A mutation that leads to a "loss of function" of the channel. The decreased sodium current (lNa) measured at 37°C with mutated Nav1. 5 channels could explain the observed Brugada syndrome. The last project aimed at identifying a new potential protein interacting with the cardiac sodium channel. We found that SAP97 binds the three last amino-acids (SIV) of the C-terminus of Nav1. 5. Silencing the expression of SAP97 as well as the truncating the SIV motif, decreased 1Na. These preliminary results suggest that SAP97 is implicated in the regulation of sodium channel directly or indirectly. These studies reveal that cardiac and muscle diseases may result from ion channel mutations but also from regulatory proteins affecting their regulation
Boullot, Floriane. "Implication des canaux sodium voltage-dépendant dans la réponse aux toxines chez Crassostrea gigas : le cas des phycotoxines paralysantes." Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0014/document.
Full textDuring bloom of microalgae producing paralytic shellfish toxins (PST), filtering bivalves can bio-accumulate a large quantity of toxins and become toxic for human consumption. The amount of accumulated PST can greatly vary from one individual to another within a bivalve population. Indeed, under our experimental conditions, the amount of accumulated PST by Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas, exposed to the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum, varied by a factor of 450. To explain such variability we hypothesized the existence of several forms of voltage-gated sodium channel (NaV), target of the PST, resulting in different sensitivities to PST. The main objective of this thesis was to understand whether there are relationships between nerve sensitivity to PST, the different forms of NaV and the amount of accumulated PST.The NaV was first characterized in C. gigas by a molecular biology approach. Two NaV genes were reported in C. gigas: CgNaV1, encoding a sodium channel and CgNaV2 encoding a channel potentially selective for sodium and calcium. Alternative splicing of CgNaV1 produced three variants (A, B and C) with different expression profiles: at the neuromuscular junctions for CgNaV1A, in the nerve cells for CgNaV1B and in both for CgNaV1C. The amino acid Q observed in the binding site of PST (domain II), of the sequence CgNaV1 for the 3 variants and in all individuals from the 4 studied populations possibly provide some PST resistance to oysters. Thus, the variants resulting from the genotyping/splicing of CgNaV1 would not therefore be the determining factor of the level of bioaccumulation in oysters.A second part allowed studying the nerve sensitivity to PST of C. gigas oyster in relation to the accumulation of PST by an electrophysiology approach. The sensitivity to saxitoxin (STX, a PST) of the cerebro-visceral nerves from oysters was assessed by studying their action potential (CNAP). C.gigas nerves have been shown to have sensitivity to STX of the micromolar range, which gives them intermediate sensitivity among bivalves. This nerve sensitivity may vary depending on the period at which the oysters were collected and potentially according to their physiological condition. A preexposure of oysters to A. minutum appears to increase nerve resistance to STX. However, there was no significant correlation between STX nerve sensitivity and PST content in the oyster digestive gland.Overall, it appears that the variability of the PST accumulation by oysters would result rather from a physiological plasticity, in terms of filtration, ingestion and assimilation, than from a differential sensitivity of the NaV
Brisson, Lucie. "Modulation de l'échangeur Na+/H+ de type 1 (NHE1) par le canal sodique dépendant du voltage Nav1.5 : implication dans l'invasivité de cellules cancéreuses mammaires humaines." Thesis, Tours, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUR4038/document.
Full textInvasive breast cancer cells express NaV1.5 sodium channels which activity seems to be associated with metastatic progression. The activity of the channel in MDA-MB-231 cells leads to a pericellular acidification favourable for the activity of extracellular cysteine cathepsins B and S and for extracellular matrix degradation. During this thesis, we have shown that NHE1 exchanger is the main pH regulator in MDA-MB-231 cells and that the activity of NaV1.5 channels increases protons efflux activity of NHE1 possibly through allosteric modulation. NaV1.5 and NHE1 are co-localised in lipid rafts and in invadopodia of MDA-MB-231 cells. The activity of NHE1 and NaV1.5 promotes the proteolytic activity of invadopodia. Finally, the activity of NaV1.5 channels seems to modulate cytoskeleton and morphology of MDA-MB-231 cancer cells to promote the acquisition of a proinvasive phenotype. In conclusion NaV1.5 increases NHE1 activity in invadopodia to stimulate breast cancer cells invasiveness
Amsalem, Muriel. "Le canal Nav1.9, un acteur de la douleur inflammatoire régulé par le cholestérol : mécanisme d'action et perspectives thérapeutiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM5008.
Full textIn mammals, perception of pain is initiated by signaling the occurrence of noxious stimuli through nociceptive neurons located in peripheral sensory ganglia. Nociceptive neurons play a pivotal role in pain perception as they transmit painful information to the central nervous system (CNS). They are largely responsible for the modifications of pain sensation caused by a lesion/inflammation or during the course of chronic diseases like rheumatoid arthritis. Unravelling the precise mechanism of ion channel activation during such pathophysiological conditions is one of the most challenging issues to design new therapeutic pain killer strategies.In this PhD thesis work, we will focus on one particular and promising sodium channel, named Nav1.9. We characterized Nav1.9 channel function in three inflammatory pain models: acute, persistent and chronic, using behavioural, molecular and electrophysiological analysis technics. This work allowed us to point out different putative mechanisms of regulation of this channel.We further decipher the regulation of Nav1.9 by cholesterol lipid in membrane microdomains. We showed that Nav1.9 channel is present in rafts specialized membrane microdomains enriched in cholesterol. We demonstrated that inflammation triggers a decrease in cholesterol level in inflamed territories and that cholesterol deletion induces mechanical allodynia in animals. In addition, we demonstrated that this pain was due to Nav1.9 channel activation and relocalization of this channel out of lipid rafts. Finally our experiments reported that exogenous cholesterol application reduces inflammatory pain. All these results provide a new insight in therapeutic perspectives
Montnach, Jérôme. "Troubles du rythme et cardiomyopathies associés au canal sodique Nav1. 5." Nantes, 2014. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=940e902f-9389-40db-8e3f-3d354365b389.
Full textNav1. 5 is the main sodium channel implicated in genesis and propagation of cardiac action potential. Currently, it's a part of a macromolecular complex involved in electrical and structural disorders. In a first part, we have characterized myocardial remodelling in a mouse model heterozygously invalidated for Scn5a (Scn5a+/- mice). We demonstrated that ventricular fibrotic process is TGF-β dependant and is associated with Connexin43 expression and organization remodelling. We also demonstrated that reduction of sodium current is not sufficient to induce pathology, the loss of Nav1. 5 protein is the fundamental in this process. This study shows a functional interaction between Nav1. 5 and Connexin43 in the Lenègre disease processing. In a second part, we have developed a new mice model for type 3 long QT syndrome, the Scn5a+/ΔQKP mice. This model reproduces the phenotype of the human mutation carriers, long QT syndrome, ventricular arrhythmias and heart failure. In vivo study permits to confirm persistent sodium current and to focus on pathological remodelling of calcium cycle's proteins. Acute treatment using Ranolazine suppresses arrhythmias and normalise QTc. That opens the possibility to use Ranolazine as a chronic treatment for mice and for patients witch develop type 3 long QT syndrome
Fonteneau, Andréa. "Le canal sodique voltage-dépendant Nav1.5 : expressions pulmonaires et rôles potentiels dans la fonction respiratoire chez la souris." Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT1018/document.
Full textNav1.5 sodium channel, encoded by the Scn5a gene, is necessary for action potential in cardiomyocytes. However, its expression has been described in various contexts and has been associated with new functions. An expression has been recorded in airway smooth muscle, suggesting an involvement of Nav1.5 in respiratory function. The aim of the work has been to describe the expressions and to highlight the potential roles of Nav1.5 in mice breathing. Histological assay has confirmed Nav1.5 expression in airway smooth muscle in situ, but a major expression site has been showed at the plasma membrane of “cardiomyocytes” located in pulmonary veins. Airway contractility assessments were made on knock-out Scn5a+/- mice. Ex vivo isolated trachea contractility test showed a decrease of contraction for Scn5a+/- mice and for WT mice pre-incubated with sodium blockers ajmaline or ketamine.This effect was confirmed by in vivo whole body plethysmography, showing respiratory hyporesponsiveness on female Scn5a+/- mice. No structural of inflammatory remodelings were associated, suggesting an electrical role for Nav1.5 in respiration. Male Scn5a+/- mice do not showed a significant decrease of Nav1.5 expression, suggesting a possible hormonal influence in its regulation. To conclude, Nav1.5 contribute to mice airway contractility. It remains to determine its mechanism of action and its potential involvement in pathological context such as asthma
Burel, Sophie. "Phosphorylation des canaux Nav1. 5 et régulation de l'excitabilité cardiaque normale et pathologique." Nantes, 2016. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=6db1e216-b212-4110-b3f8-7e9b7155c1aa.
Full textNav1. 5 channels are key determinants of myocardial excitability and defects in their functioning or regulation increase the risk of life-threatening arrhythmias. Several studies have suggested the role of phosphorylation in the inactivation defects of Nav1. 5 channels in heart failure. A phosphoproteomic approach in the laboratory led to the identification of 19 native phosphorylation sites on the Nav1. 5 channel proteins purified from wild-type mouse ventricles or from ventricles isolated from failing mice. Two of these sites, the phosphoserines 1938 and 1989, are more abundant in the failing, compared with the non-failing wild-type, conditions. Interestingly, these two sites are located near the binding sites for FGF13 and Calmodulin, two key regulatory proteins of Nav1. 5 channel inactivation. The first objective of my thesis was to determine the role of phosphorylation in the regulation of Nav1. 5 channel cell surface expression, by screening in HEK293 cells the role of each identified site as well as of kinases previously described to regulate Nav1. 5 channels. My second objective was to determine the role of phosphorylation at serines 1938 and 1989 in regulating the inactivation properties of Nav1. 5 channels. The results showed that phosphorylation at these two serines decreases the interaction of FGF13 and Calmodulin with Nav1. 5 and alters the inactivation properties of the channel. In conclusion, these studies demonstrated that the Nav1. 5 channels are highly phosphorylated in ventricles and suggested that two of the newly identified phosphorylation sites constitute novel potential targets in the inactivation defects of Nav1. 5 channels in heart failure
Jagu, Benoît. "Étude des implications du gène SCN5A dans les arythmies et les remodelages ventriculaires post ischémiques observés suite à un infarctus du myocarde chez un modèle murin de ligature coronaire." Nantes, 2015. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=4686ac9f-eb82-49b1-80e3-1306807ba11b.
Full textThe voltage dependant sodium channel Nav1. 5, encoded by the gene SCN5A, plays an essential role for the electrical activity of the heart. Cardiac congenital disorders are associated with mutations for this gene. Moreover, several modifications of the expression and the activity of Nav1. 5 have been reported during heart failure. Several clinical cases suggest a link between mutations of SCN5A, coronary heart disease, and an increase of the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmic storms associated with sudden cardiac death. The aim of this study was to validate this link for the identification of a new population at risk. By a preclinical study, we have observed an elevation of ventricular arrhythmias during the first 24 hours after a myocardial infarction on mouse model invalidated at the heterozygous state for the gene SCN5A. In the same time, we are characterized a pro inflammatory pattern and a more reduced reserve of conduction in these KO mice. The observations suggest a more severe ischemic cardiac remodelling, which seem to be confirmed by preliminary data. In this framework, we have also identified an expression and functionality for Nav1. 5 in lungs. This new seat of expression for Nav1. 5 could have some repercussions in the setting of post ischemic remodelling. In the same time, I contribute to characterize a new knock-in mouse model for the human T220I mutation for Nav1. 5. Key-words: SCN5A, Nav1. 5, myocardial infarction, ventricular arrhythmias, cardiac remodelling, heart failure, sudden cardiac death and risk stratification
Bendahhou, Saïd. "Le Canal sodique voltage-dépendant des fibres nerveuses et musculaires du calmar Loligo forbesi. Purification, reconstitution fonctionnelle et approche en biologie moléculaire." Rouen, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ROUES049.
Full textPortero, Vincent. "Variations génétiques et syndrome de Brugada." Nantes, 2013. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=ba1e0c84-56b6-4394-b162-1a2a23c96512.
Full textThe aim of this project is to identify new genes involved in the Brugada syndrome (BrS), a rare disease characterized by a specific ECG pattern and associated with a high risk of sudden cardiac death due to ventricular fibrillation on structurally normal heart. The BrS has been previously associated to mutations in the SCN5A gene, encoding the Nav1. 5 protein that is responsible for the phase 0 of the action potential in human cardiomyocytes. However, only 20 to 30% of the patients with BrS carry a mutation in this gene: other genes responsible for this disorder remain unknown. In this project, in order to identify these others genes, we have applied three complementary approaches based on high throughput genetic technologies. The first strategy consists in using a targeted and enrichment system of the coding region of candidate genes followed by massively parallel sequencing, in order to identify enrichments in rare variants for candidate genes in patients compared to control individuals. The second strategy is a systematic approach combining CGH-array, Identity-by- Descent analysis and Exome sequencing in familial forms of BrS. At last, we have performed a genome wide association study, in which we have identified genetic polymorphisms associated with a higher risk of BrS
Algalarrondo, Vincent. "Troubles de l'excitabilité cardiaque dans la dystrophie myotonique de type 1 et l'insuffisance cardiaque : étude de deux modèles murins." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077040.
Full textCardiac tissue is electrically active and propagates electrical impulses through a series of complex physiological processes. Here, we examined the ability of myocytes to generate and propagate cardiac influx in two rodent models: a mouse model of myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1 ) and a rat model of heart failure and atrial remodeling. DM1 is a disease associated with conduction disorders and cardiac arrhythmias. DM1 is due to the toxic expansion of a CTG sequence. The mechanism of conduction disorders is currently unknown. We established a parallel between DM1 and various pathologies resulting from a mutation of the cardiac sodium channel Nav1. 5 (Brugada syndrome) in DM1 patients. These similarities suggested for an abnormal cardiac sodium current IN,. In the murine model DMSXL of DM1, there was indeed an increased sensitivity to 'Na blockers and 'Na inactivation was accelerated. These results suggested that 'Na is involved in the genesis of conduction disorders in DM1. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in humans and is strongly associated with heart failure (HF). In an HF model, we characterized the atrial remodeling and demonstrated that atrial excitability was decreased. Atrial remodeling was also associated with atrial alterations at the cellular and tissue level. The integration of these alterations in a computer model confirmed the imbalance between cellular and tissue remodeling during atrial remodeling
Bonnet, Caroline. "Rôle du canal Nav1.9 dans les mécanismes physiopathologiques de la céphalée migraineuse." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0046.
Full textRésumé vulgarisé en anglaisMigraine is a common neurological disorder that affects a large portion of the population. This chronic disease occurs in attacks or episodes that can cause significant pain (4 to 72 hours) accompanied by light (photophobia) and sound (phonophobia) sensitivity and cutaneous hypersensitivity. Current treatments have many side effects and remain ineffective in chronic conditions.Migraine pain results from the activation of nociceptive pathways (fibers of pain) at the level of meningeal vessels. These nociceptive fibers express a wide range of proteins (ion channels) specialized in the detection and spread of the pain message. Among them, the ion channel Nav1.9 is particular interest because of its restricted expression to nociceptive neurons and its preponderant role in the activity of nociceptors. We developed a model of migraine headache in mice that has all migraine symptoms. These symptoms disappear when the gene encoding the Nav1.9 channel has been invalidated. We have shown that activation of the Nav1.9 channel is responsible for pain during a migraine attack and that it is involved in sterile neurogenic inflammation of the meninges.The results obtained show that the Nav1.9 channel is a critical determinant of migraine attack and emerges as a promising target for migraine therapeutics
Hien, Yéri Esther. "Etude des mécanismes d'adressage et de positionnement de l'ankyrine G et de la protéine kinase CK2 au segment initial de l'axone." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM5023.
Full textThe axon initial segment (AIS) is responsible for both the maintenance of neuronal polarity and the generation of action potentials. The scaffolding protein ankyrin G (ankG) is specifically expressed in the AIS where it links transmembrane proteins to the subjacent actin and microtubule cytosqueletons. Moreover, the AIS is dynamically regulated by kinases. Although, it has been clearly established that ankG directs AIS assembly and maintenance, the mechanisms regulating ankG proper transport and tethering remain unclear. Another AIS component, the protein kinase CK2 is also playing an important role via the phosphorylation of the ankG-binding motif (ABM) on sodium channels (Nav1) to strengthen their interaction with ankG. But, the mechanism regulating its targeting and anchoring to the AIS remain still unknown. Here, we report that the first 73 residues of the serine-rich domain are necessary for the targeting of ankG to the axon and the tail domain for the proper positioning along the proximal axon. We also observed that ankG axonal localization is modulated by post-translational modifications. Using phosphospecific antibodies and inhibition/depletion approaches, we also provide evidence that the ABM of Nav1 are phosphorylated in vivo and that CK2 accumulation at the AIS depends on Nav1 expression, with which they form tight complexes. This suggests that CK2-mediated phosphorylation participates in Nav1 clustering in vivo and that its specific localization at the AIS is dependent on Nav1 expression. Altogether, our results open new perspectives in understanding the formation of AIS and regulatory mechanisms that may be involved
Bouvier, Valentine. "La sensibilité au froid des cellules de Merkel et des kératinocytes, leurs contributions à la sensibiblité thermique et tactile de la peau." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM5071.
Full textIn the skin, Merkel cells (Mcs) are connected to keratinocytes and A sensory nerve fibers and the complexes works as a slow adaptive mechanoreceptor (SA1 receptor). We observe that cooling human and mouse Merkel cells to 15°C increases intracellular Ca2+ ions concentration. The TRPM8 agonist’s provoke intracellular Ca2+ increases. The responses to cooling and TRPM8 agonist’s are reduced in absence of extracellular Ca2+ ions, by the TRPM8 antagonist’s and in KO M8 mouse. These results show that MCs sense cooling through TRPM8 channels. We hypothesize that cooling sensitivity modulate mechano-transduction and we investigate the modulation of SA1 response using the skin nerve and microneurography techniques in mouse and human, respectively. In mouse, cooling the skin at 22°C reduces the frequency of the SA1 discharge, without modifying the nerve conduction. This reduction disappeared in KO M8 mouse. These results suggest that MCs activity reduced the discharge of SA1 receptor at mild fresh temperature, anticipating effect of lower temperature on A nerve fiber excitability.This study is the first report about the sensitivity of MCs to cold temperature and its consequences on the SA1 receptor activity in mouse and human. We conclude that cold sensitivity of Merkel cells mediated by TRPM8 regulates the SA1 mechanical response, particularly at mild fresh temperature, when the nerve conduction is not significantly modified by cold. This is the first description of an active inhibitory process, driven by a TRP channel, during sensory transduction in the skin