Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Canaux potassium'
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BEHAEGEL, HELENE. "Les activateurs des canaux potassiques." Lille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL21974.
Full textMargaill, Isabelle. "Mise en évidence d'un rôle des canaux potassiques ATP-dépendants centraux à l'aide d'un modèle biochimique "in vitro"." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05P166.
Full textBeeton, Christine. "Bloqueurs des canaux potassium : Propriétés immunosuppressives et thérapeutiques de l'encéphalomyélite autoimmune expérimentale." Aix-Marseille 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX22029.
Full textMountadem, Sarah. "Contribution des canaux astrocytaires Kir4.1 dans l'allodynie mécanique." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAC060.
Full textChronic inflammatory pain is a frequent and disabling condition that is significantly maintained by centralsensitization, which results in pain hypersensitivity. While microgliosis seems to contribute to the onset ofchronic pain, reactive astrocytes and associated chemical mediators play a critical role in chronic painmaintenance and central sensitization.Inward rectifier potassium channels Kir4.1 are mainly expressed by astrocytes and are known to beinvolved in astrocytic physiological functions, particularly by controlling their resting membrane potential,but also in astrocyte-neuron interactions by controlling the glutamate uptake and extracellular potassium(K+) concentration. Accordingly, it has been shown that dysfunction of these channels is associated withseveral central nervous system pathologies including epilepsy, Huntington disease, depression or lateralamyotrophic sclerosis. However, the role of central astroglial Kir4.1 in pain has not been investigated.Here, we explored the involvement of the medullary dorsal horn (MDH) astroglial Kir4.1 channels inthe maintenance phase of trigeminal inflammatory pain hypersensitivity. By combining biochemical,electrophysiological and behavioral techniques, we showed that MDH astrocytes from inflamed rats havesmaller Kir4.1 currents, correlated with a decrease in Kir4.1 protein expression. Moreover, thesemodifications are associated with elevated extracellular K+ concentration, which increased MDH neuronalexcitability in vitro. Viral delivery of a dominant negative form of Kir4.1 channels to MDH astrocytesmimics CFA effects by inducing neuronal hyperexcitability and mechanical allodynia. Finally, restorationof Kir4.1 function recovered aspects of neuronal dysfunction and attenuated pain behaviors in CFA-injectedanimals.Together, these findings suggest that astroglial Kir4.1 channel deficit underlies inflammatory staticmechanical allodynia, and thus may offer novel avenues for the treatment of this debilitating symptom
Fila, Marc. "Transport du sodium et du potassium dans le canal collecteur cortical dans le syndrome néphrotique." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066517.
Full textNephrotic syndrome which is defined by a heavy proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia, features a severe sodium retention which is implicated in ascites and edema formation. Sodium retention is a consequence of a dysregulation of sodium transport in the cortical collecting duct (CCD) with an increase activity of the basolateral Na,K ATPase pump. Traditionally, sodium absorption in the CCD is regulated by renin angiotensin aldosterone systeme (RAAS) with an implication of apical sodium channel ENaC and potassium apical channel ROMK. Previous works highlighted that, in nephrotic syndrome, sodium absorption was independent of RAAS and that ENaC was not implicated. The present work contains two distincts parts: the first one is a study of potassium excretion in the CCD in the nephrotic syndrome. It highlighted that nephrotic animals showed a down regulation of potassium channel ROMK induced by luminal albumin that activated ERK pathway. The second part, a study of sodium transport in the CCD in the nephrotic syndrome highlighted a new sodium channel independent of RAAS system and sensitive to amiloride: ASIC2 implicated in sodium absorption in the CCD. This channel exhibits some specific biophysic and pharmacologic properties different from ENaC. To our knowledge, it’s the first time that expression of an ASIC family channel was reported in the kidney
Treptow, Werner Leopoldo Chipot Christophe. "Canaux ioniques sensibles à la tension contribution à l'étude de l'excitabilité cellulaire /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCD_T_2004_0014_TREPTOW.pdf.
Full textGUILLEMARE, ERIC. "Biophysique, pharmacologie et regulation de canaux potassium de structures moleculaires distinctes : approche electrophysiologique." Nice, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NICE4970.
Full textBREJON, MANUEL. "Etude de l'adressage des canaux potassium romk1 et irk3 dans des cellules polarisees." Paris 6, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA066077.
Full textBlin, Sandy. "Hétéromérisation des canaux potassiques à deux domaines pore." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR4140/document.
Full textPotassium channels are highly conserved among organisms, from plants to humans, where they are involved in several functions. Among them, the two pore domain potassium channels or K2P channels are dimers that produce background channels to control membrane resting potential and thus cell excitability. They are involved in physiological functions and diseases such as breathing, nociception or depression. They are now more and more considered as important therapeutic targets for the development of new drugs targeting these diseases. Structure-function relationship of ion channels is an important feature for the drug design but we only know little about mechanisms and regulations that control the activity of K2P channels.During my PhD, we showed that K2P channels and particularly subunits of THIK and TREK subfamilies channels can also form functional heterodimers with other subunits of the same subfamily. We first proved that subunits physically interact combining biochemistry, immunocytochemistry, FRET and electrophysiology. Interestingly, heterodimers display specific conductances, regulations and pharmacology compared to homodimers.These studies showed that the diversity and number of K2P channel conductances are larger than expected. In conclusion, mixing among subunits from the same subfamily form new channels with unique properties and so new therapeutic targets
Rioux, Yann. "I[indice K1] et l'inhibition métabolique : hétérogénéité dans la réponse des cellules sous-endocardiques et sous-épicardiques?" Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 1997.
Find full textM'Barek, Sarrah. "Synthèse chimique et ingénierie des toxines de scorpions actives sur les canaux sodium et potassium : contribution à leurs études de relation structure-fonction." Aix-Marseille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX20668.
Full textFournier, Catherine (1970. "Role des canaux potassium dépendant du calcium sensibles à l'apamine dans les processus mnésiques." Aix-Marseille 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX11051.
Full textDi, Luccio Eric. "Etude in vitro du processus de repliement-oxydation de toxines courtes de scorpion actives sur les canaux potassium. Etude par modélisation moléculaire des interactions de toxines courtes de scorpion avec les canaux potassium." Aix-Marseille 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX20676.
Full textThis work contains two different parts: (1) the in vitro study of the process of oxidation/folding of short scorpions toxins which act on potassium channels and (2) the study by molecular modelling of the interactions between short toxin of scorpions and canals potassium. The first part was to assess the medium influence on the disulfide bridges forming with high reticulated peptide such as maurotoxin, by using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. This work has been extended by setting in correlation the secondary structure development, the disulfide bridges formation and the pharmacological activity appearance. Then, we focused on the study of the interactions between short scorpions toxin and hSKCa2 and 3 channels. We elaborated a new analysis docking strategy by molecular modelling which allowed to put in relation an experimental affinity constant and a computed contact
Chever, Oana. "Implication du canal glial Kir4.1 dans la régulation du potassium extracellulaire : étude in vivo chez la souris knock-out Kir4.1 sous anesthésie." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25879/25879.pdf.
Full textGoutierre, Marie. "Contribution of the potassium / chloride cotransporter KCC2 to hippocampal rhythmopathy." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS600.
Full textIn the CNS, synaptic release of GABA neurotransmitter is mainly responsible for fast inhibitory transmission. This is mediated by chloride flow through GABAARs. Hence, tight control of chloride homeostasis is critical for maintenance of the efficacy of GABAergic transmission. In mature neurons, this is primarily achieved by the activity of the potassium – chloride transporter KCC2 which extrudes chloride from the cells. Expression of KCC2 is compromised in numerous neurological disorders including epilepsy, Rett syndrome or neuropathic pain. Subsequent alterations of GABAergic signaling through accumulation of intraneuronal chloride are thought to underlie many of the pathological symptoms observed in these conditions. However, KCC2 is also highly expressed in the vicinity of glutamatergic synapses where it plays a major role in controling the efficacy of glutamatergic transmission and gates long-term potentiation of excitatory synapses. Remarkably, these functions did not depend on chloride transport but rather on KCC2 interaction with several protein partners. Hence, KCC2 can be classified as a moonlightning protein with multiple functions at excitatory and inhibitory synapses. This complicates predictions of the overall effect of its suppression on a neuronal network. During my PhD, I characterized the effects of KCC2 downregulation in dentate granule cells at the cellular, synaptic and network levels. Unexpectedly, lack of KCC2 did not impact steady-state GABAergic transmission. In contrast, my work shed light on a novel critical role of KCC2 in controling neuronal excitability through its interaction with the leak-potassium channel Task-3. This in turn alters hippocampal rhythmogenesis. My results thus described a novel mechanism through which KCC2 influence neuronal activity indepently of its transport function. They predict that deficits associated with KCC2 downregulation may be at least partly explained by regulation of cell excitability and point to Task-3 as a new potential therapeutic target in the treatment of these pathologies
Hugues, Michel. "Etudes des canaux potassium sensibles à l'apamine pharmacologie, structure, physiopathologie : cartographie dans le système nerveux central, purification d'un modulateur endogène de ces canaux /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37605992j.
Full textHugues, Michel. "Études des canaux potassium sensibles à l'apamine : pharmacologie, structure, physiopathologie : cartographie dans le système nerveux central, purification d'un modulateur endogène de ces canaux." Nice, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NICE4133.
Full textCrest, Marcel. "Rôle des canaux potassium activés par le calcium dans la modulation de l'activité du neurone." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37612834k.
Full textDAUPLAIS, MARC. "Etude structurale de deux ligands peptidiques des canaux potassium et comparaison de leur site d'interaction." Paris 11, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA112187.
Full textCrest, Marcel. "Rôle des canaux potassium activés par le calcium dans la modulation de l'activité du neurone." Aix-Marseille 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX30036.
Full textLourdel, Stéphane. "Etude des canaux potassium et chlorure de la membrane basolatérale du tubule distal de souris." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077070.
Full textLegros, Christian. "Contribution à l'étude des toxines de scorpion sur les canaux potassium : approche par la biologie moléculaire." Aix-Marseille 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX30115.
Full textBlanc, Eric. "Structure en solution de neurotoxines de scorpion : vers un nouveau modèle d'interaction toxine -canal potassium." Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX30051.
Full textPinelli, Laurent. "Caractérisation des canaux potassiques du tubule contourné proximal et des propriétés régulatrices des canaux chlorure de la membrane basolatérale des cellules intercalaires du tubule connecteur." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066180/document.
Full textA 10 pS chloride channel at the basolateral side of connecting duct intercalated cells shares properties with the cloned ClC-K2 channel. Patch-clamp experiments show that its activity and the number of active channels increase with (i) membrane depolarization (ii) external calcium concentration and (iii) external and internal alkalinization. External alkalinization also shifts the voltage-dependence curve towards negative voltages while internal alkalinization flattens the voltage-dependence curve thereby raising channel activity at negative potentials. These data suggest that extracellular calcium and both extra and intracellular protons modulate ClC-K2 channels activity through an action on the common gate rather than on the protopores present in others ClC channels.The role and the molecular identity of basolateral potassium channels of the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) are not very well known. RT-PCR results revealed the presence of mRNA encoding the Kir4.2 and Kir5.1 potassium channels subunits in mouse PCT tubular cells, and western blot and immunohistochemistry experiments showed that both proteins are expressed at the basolateral membrane of these cells. The most frequent channel observed by patch-clamp on the basolateral membrane of PCT presents a conductance of 47 pS, an inward rectification induced by intracellular Mg2+, an inhibition by extracellular Ba2+ and an activity dependent on intracellular pH. These electrophysiological properties are consistent with the presence of heteromeric Kir4.2/Kir5.1 channels in the basolateral membrane of mouse PCT. The study of mice knocked out for the Kir4.2-encoding gene Kcnj15 did not highlight a renal phenotype
LAGARDE, DELPHINE. "Approche moleculaire de l'absorption du potassium chez les vegetaux : role physiologique des canaux akt1 et kat1." Montpellier, ENSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ENSA0019.
Full textLybaert, Pascale. "Mise en évidence et rôle potentiel des canaux potassium ATP-dépendants dans la fonction de reproduction." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210215.
Full textLe canal KATP est un complexe hétéro-octamérique constitué de 2 sous-unités :une sous-unité Kir6.x (Kir6.1 ou Kir6.2) formant le pore du canal et appartenant à la famille des canaux potassiques de type « inward rectifier », et une sous-unité régulatrice SURx (SUR 1 ou SUR2A/B) faisant partie des protéines ABC (ATP-binding cassette). L’expression hétérologue des sous-unités Kir6.x et SURx suivant différentes combinaisons conduit à la formation de plusieurs types de canaux KATP possédant des propriétés électro-physiologiques et des sensibilités aux nucléotides et aux agents pharmacologiques distinctes. \
Doctorat en sciences biomédicales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Gardaire, Eric. "Étude des caractéristiques du transfert de l'ion potassium par l'épithélium branchial de la truite d'eau douce." Nice, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NICE4064.
Full textRoucou, Xavier. "Etude des flux de potassium sur les mitochondries isolées de la levure Saccharomyces Cerevisiae : effet du potassium sur les phosphorylations oxydatives." Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR28424.
Full textDevaux, Jérôme. "Caractérisation des canaux potassium dépendants du potentiel des fibres myélinisées de rat au cours du développement postnatal." Aix-Marseille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX30049.
Full textPeripheral myelinated fibres contains three types of K+ channels having different sensibilities to dendrotoxine-I (DTX-I), 4-AP and TEA. We demonstrated that these three K+ channel types are present in central myelinated fibres in addition to a fourth type of channel, never identified until now, sensitive to kaliotoxine (KTX). The channel sensitive to TEA and this sensitive to 4-AP appear at birth in the optic nerve, and seem localised in the node of Ranvier at adult age. The channel sensitive to KTX and this sensitive to DTX-I appear respectively at birth and during the elaboration of axo-glial contacts, and are held under the myelin at adult age. These last two types of channels can be unmasked after demyelination at adult age, and their blocking allows restoring of the conduction. Afterward, we demonstrated, in association with th team of E. Béraud ( Lab. Of Immunology, Marseille), that the administration of KTX induce an improvement of the clinical scores of rats affected by EAE, a central pathology comparable to multiple sclerosis
Vacher, Hélène. "Caractérisation pharmacologique d'un courant potassium de type A bloqué par une nouvelle famille de toxines de scorpions." Aix-Marseille 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX20683.
Full textIn this work, a new subfamily (named a-KTx15) of toxins of scorpions, active on A-type K+ current of the striatum neurons in culture, have been characterized. These toxins, BmTX3 (of the scorpion Buthus martensii Karch), and AmmTX3 (of the scorpion Androctonus mauritanicus), are selective and present a high affinity for their target, which inhibit by occlusion of the pore. The distribution of their target in the rat brain is very heterogenous with few areas of strong density: the caudete putamen, the granular cells of cerebellum, hippocampus, the superior colliculus and the thalamus. During rat brain ontogenesis, this target keeps the same distribution, only the density increase. This channel is also present in the adult rat heart in sino-atrial and atrio-ventricular nodes. To date, it is certain that this target does not correspond to Kv1. 4 and Kv3. 4 channels, but could be associated with Kv4 channels
Bouteau, François. "Canaux potassium et symports proton-sucre : implication dans la regeneration du latex chez les laticiferes d'hevea brasiliensis." Paris 7, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA077125.
Full textRoyal, Perrine. "La diversité combinatoire des canaux potassiques à deux domaines pore et son implication dans la migraine." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4114/document.
Full textMaintenance of a negative resting membrane potential underlies the basis of neuronal excitability. This negative potential is generated by a potassium leak current mediated by two-pore-domain potassium channels (K2P). Over the years, they have been shown to be involved in many physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms such as depression, neuroprotection, anesthesia, migraine and pain perception. Heteromultimerization is a mechanism commonly used to increase the functional diversity of protein complexes. For example, with 15 genes classified in 6 subfamilies, the K2P channel family can potentially generates 120 combinations and, in theory, each of them would show different functional properties. Here, we first investigated the ability of the members from the same K2P subfamily (TREK subfamily) to assemble and form functional heteromeric channels with novel properties. Using single molecule pulldown (SiMPull) from HEK cell lysates, subunit counting in the plasma membrane of living cells and opto-pharmacology, we show that the TREK channel members TREK1, TREK2, and TRAAK readily co-assemble. We functionally characterized the heterodimers and found that all combinations form outwardly rectifying potassium-selective channels but with variable voltage sensitivity and pH regulation. Having found that heteromerization is possible within the same subfamily we wonder if it can happen between members from different subfamilies with lower sequence homology and what could be the pathophysiological consequences. We found that TREK1 and TREK2 are able to heterodimerize with the distantly-related TRESK, a two-pore-domain K+ channel implicated in migraine. Notably, in humans, TRESK-MT, a 2 bp frameshift mutation (F139WfsX24), which induced the formation of TRESK-MT1 a dominant negative for TRESK, was found to perfectly segregate with typical migraine in a large pedigree. Strikingly, we found that the 2 bp frameshift mutation induced an alternative translation initiation (fsATI) which leads to the translation of a second TRESK fragment, termed TRESK-MT2. We show that by co-assembling with and inhibiting TREK1 and TREK2, TRESK-MT2 increases trigeminal sensory neuron excitability, a key component of migraine induction, leading to a migraine-like phenotype. Together these findings demonstrate that K2P heteromerization is not rare and needs to be considered to understand their pathophysiological functions and that genetic analysis of disease-related mutations should consider fsATI as a distinct class of mutations
Mouhat, Stéphanie. "Toxines de scorpion actives sur les canaux potassium : de l'étude des relations structure-activité aux applications thérapeutiques potentielles." Aix-Marseille 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX20673.
Full textToxins isolated from animal venoms act mainly by selective blocking of a variety of ion channel types, often with high affinity. Among these are short-chain scorpion toxins acting on potassium channels, which contain between 29 and 39 amino acid residues and are cross-linked by 3 or 4 disulfide bridges. The reduced size of toxins allows their production by chemical peptide synthesis and permits to obtain large amounts of native-like toxins and structural analogs thereof, needed for their structural and pharmacological characterization. The study of Pi1, OSK1 (and derivatives) allowed to describe the molecular mechanisms of interaction between the toxin and its target, especially the implication of the functional dyad and other critical residues, and to obtain new compounds with potential industrial applications in the field of human health, particularly in the immune system modulation, with the best blocker of Kv1. 3 channel characterized hitherto
Matonti, Julia. "Rôle du canal potassique Kir2.1 dans la morphogenèse osseuse : Modélisation du syndrome d'Andersen." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR6009.
Full textAndersen's syndrome (AS) is a complex disorder characterized by a triad of symptoms: periodic paralysis, cardiac arrhythmias, and developmental disorders (Andersen 1971). It is a rare pathology, dominant hereditary, associated with genetic mutations of the KCNJ2 gene (Plaster 2001) that encodes the inward rectifier potassium channel Kir2.1. Kir2.1 is known to play a major role in stabilizing resting cell potential and in the late phase of repolarization of cardiac action potential. Functional characterizations of these mutations were performed in vitro and ex vivo and showed the dominant negative effect of mutations on this channel. Progress has been made in understanding the roles of this channel in muscle and heart tissue (Zaritsky 2001). However, few studies have addressed the role of the Kir2.1 channel in developmental manifestations, including its role in non-excitable cells. In addition, the invalidation (KO) of the KCNJ2 gene in mice is lethal within hours of birth due to cleft palate (Zaritsky 2000, Dahal 2012). This early post-natal mortality makes in vivo studies difficult, particularly those to assess its role in adult tissues. An alternative is the use of an in vitro model involving human induced pluripotent cells (iPS) (Takahashi 2007) that are capable of being differentiated in all cell types. Dr. Bendahhou's team has previously shown that the Kir2.1 functional channel is necessary for bone formation in a model of myoblast differentiation into osteoblasts (Sacco 2015). In addition, they generated iPS from muscle biopsies of healthy individuals and AS patients (Pini 2016). We have also shown that the absence of Kir2.1 in osteoblastic and chondrocytic differentiation impacts not only matrix production but also the expression of the main genes of these two lineages (Pini 2018). In osteoblastogenesis, activity of the Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signaling pathway is decreased in AS cells (Pini 2018). My project focuses on determining the role of the Kir2.1 channel in the BMP signalling pathway in in vitro osteoblasts. To do this, I have used two cell types. Taking advantage of their differentiation capacity, I used the iPS (healthy and AS) already generated by my team, but also the iPS I have generated, to study the role of Kir2.1 in bone tissue. In parallel, I used a cell line of immortalized fetal human osteoblasts (hFOB) developed by Harris in 1995. A combination of transcriptomic and proteomic analyses, as well as immunohistochemistry, were used to investigate the role of the Kir2.1 potassium channel in key stages of bone morphogenesis
Lande, Gilles Le Marec Hervé. "Le syndrome du QT long acquis." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://castore.univ-nantes.fr/castore/GetOAIRef?idDoc=57166.
Full textLecomte, Catherine. "Synthèse chimique et étude des relations structure-fonction de toxines courtes de scorpion actives sur les canaux potassium." Aix-Marseille 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX22057.
Full textCompoint, Mylène. "Transport d'ions potassium à travers une membrane cellulaire : étude des propriétés physicochimiques des canaux kcsa par dynamique moléculaire." Besançon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BESA2038.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the study of the physicochemical properties of KcsA channels using classical molecular dynamics simulations. The goal is to reach a better knowledge at the atomic scale of the mechanisms which are responsible forthe ion transport in these transmembrane potassium channels. In the first part,available experimental and theoretical data on the protein properties are presented, while new results obtained during this thesis are discussed in the second part. The main results obtained in part II from restrained MD simulations are as follows : 1) a stable closed conformation for the protein is found with the sequence KWKWKK, 2) strong correlated motions between K+ ions and neighbouring water molecules, and between different K/W couples are determined along the selectivity filter, 3) a realistic open structure is obtained which is consistent with the most recent experimental data. The internal M2 helices rae responsible for the gating mechanism, 4) the gating proceeds according to a zipper mechanism implying first the terminal residues at the innermost part of the M2 helices and then propagating towards the bottom of the cavity, 5) a substantial charge transfer between the K+ ions and the surrounding atoms of the channel is determined using a quantum description for the charges. The third part deals with the presentation of various prospects offered by this work, notably the study of water polarization inside the filter and the cavity in the two protein states, and of the K+/Na+ selectivity of the KcsA by the same quantum methods
Dumoulin, Marc. "Activation des canaux potassium(+) dépendants du calcium(2+) par l'acide époxyéicosatriénoïque et son rôle en physiologie des muscles lisses des voies respiratoires." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 1998.
Find full textSibille, Jérémie. "Activity-dependent astroglial potassium and calcium signals contribute to hippocampal short-term plasticity." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077284.
Full textMulder, Paul. "Les activateurs des canaux potassiques dans l'hypertension artérielle et l'insuffisance cardiaque expérimentales." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05P608.
Full textKhider, Nassim. "Etude de la force et de la vitesse de conduction des potentiels d'action musculaires en relation avec le potassium ou la demande fonctionnelle chez le rat." Compiègne, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2001COMP1376.
Full textDumoulin, Marc. "Activation des canaux potassium(+) dépendants du calcium(2+) par l'acide époxyéicosatriénoïque et son rôle en physiologie des muscles lisses des voies respiratoires." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1998. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/3147.
Full textCorompt, Emmanuelle. "Reactivite des muscles lisses des voies aeriennes : modulation par les canaux potassiques, le facteur atrial natriuretique et la genisteine (doctorat : pharmacologie experimentale et clinique)." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05WO69.
Full textSenatore, Sébastien. "Contribution du modèle drosophile à l'étude des mécanismes de régulation du couplage excitation/contraction cardiaque." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX22076.
Full textA good knowledge of genes implicated in genesis of cardiac activity and in its regulation is crucial for a better understanding of arrhythmia.In this study, I have developed experimental conditions to perform a genetic screen and identified two gens implicated in cardiac activity : ork1, encoding a two-pore potassium channel is a pure regulator of cardiac rhythm ; painless, encoding a TRPA channel, regulates cardiac frequency and mediates the cardiac response to mechanical stress. We know that cardiac activity is particulary sensitive to acidic stress and the study of NDAE, the unique Drosophila Cl/HCO3 exchanger, has shown that NDAE is required for cardiac activity recovery after acidic stress and displayed the genetic link with the Na/Ca exchanger.This work validates Drosophila as a good system to found new genes implicates in cardiac activity, particularly in genetic screen, and to precise the role of genes still unknown in cardiac activity
Aidi, Knani Sabrine. "Effets de la modulation des canaux potassium SK et Kv4 sur les déficits moteurs et cognitifs de la maladie de Parkinson." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4777.
Full textParkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease associated to a loss of dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway that innervates the basal ganglia (GB). The DA neuron degeneration in PD induces imbalance between dopaminergic transmission, GABAergic and glutamatergic resulting in impaired neuronal excitability leading to the onset of motor and non-motor symptoms. Potassium channels, Kv4 and SK, are extensively involved in the phenomenon of neuronal excitability. We addressed the question of whether further blockade of SK or Kv4 activity could restore normal GB function in vivo. In this aim, we used a neurotoxin, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) to produce two lesional models of Parkinson's disease in rats that mimics the cognitive and emotional deficits of the early phase of PD (partial and bilateral striatal lesions) and the motor deficits observed in the late phase of the disease (total unilateral nigral lesion). Apamin from bee venom (systemic injection, 0.1-0.3 mg/kg) and AmmTX3 from scorpion venom (intrastriatal injection, 0.2-0.4 g) were chosen to block SK and Kv4 channels respectively.In a first study, apamin treatment partially reduced motor deficits in the cylinder test and the rotation induced by apomorphine. In the second study, the AmmTX3 also decreased parkinsonian motor deficits. This late toxin restored cognitive behaviors (short-term social and spatial memory) and emotion (anxiety).Taken together, these results underlie the importance of SK channels as modulators of neuronal excitability of Kv4 channels as players of the homeostatic responses, and more importantly, provide potential targets for adjunctive therapies for Parkinson's disease
Haddjeri, Alexis. "Robustesse du phénotype électrique des neurones dopaminergiques de la substance noire compacte à la délétion des canaux potassium Kv4.3 et SK3." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/191211_HADDJERI_482kf140lioz770fao837wbiyys_TH.pdf.
Full textDuring my PhD, I precisely characterized the variations in electrical phenotype of the SNc DA neurons in Kv4.3 and SK3 KO animals, in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. In a first study, I analyzed a large number of electrophysiological parameters in these animals Combined with acute pharmacological blockade of these ion channels, I showed that Kv4.3 chronic deletion leads to a phenotypic change similar to the one induced by acute blockade of the channel while SK3 deletion appears to be compensated by other ion channels (in particular SK2). Motor behavior testing of Kv4.3 and SK3 KO animals confirmed the robustness of SK3 animals and the absence of robustness of Kv4.3 animals. In a second preliminary study, we used a bilateral partial lesion model to assess the behavioral and electrophysiological consequences of SK3 deletion on Parkinson's disease development. Our results suggest that in "Parkinson's" conditions, the chronic deletion of SK3 channel is associated with a slight anti-anxiety effect, the suppression of dopaminergic agonist hypersensitivity but also with motor deficits. From an electrophysiological viewpoint, the SNc DA neurons display a pacemaking behavior similar to the untreated condition. These two studies suggest that SNc DA neuron activity displays a partial and variable robustness to potassium channel deletion (robust to SK3 deletion, sensitive to Kv4.3 deletion) that can be revealed in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. This work will help understanding how ion channel mutations may alter SNc DA neuron vulnerability in Parkinson's disease
Laurent, Florence. "Etude des mécanismes d'action et des propriétés pharmacologiques d'une nouvelle série de dérivés imidazo[1,2-a]pyraziniques." Montpellier 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON13516.
Full textKasimova, Marina. "Modulation de canaux potassiques sensibles au voltage par le phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0204/document.
Full textVoltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels are transmembrane proteins that enable the passive flow of potassium ions across a plasma membrane when the latter is depolarized. They consist of four peripheral voltage sensor domains, responding to the applied voltage, and a central pore domain that encompasses a hydrophilic path for passing ions. The voltage sensors and the pore are coupled, meaning that the activation of the voltage sensors triggers the pore opening, and the open pore promotes the activation of the voltage sensors. Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) is a minor lipid of the inner plasma membrane leaflet. This highly negatively charged lipid was shown to modulate the functioning of several ion channels including members of the Kv family. In particular, application of this lipid to Kv1.2 and Kv7.1, two homologous channels, enhances their ionic current. However, while Kv1.2 is able to open without PIP2, in the case of Kv7.1, this lipid is absolutely required for opening. Additionally, in Kv1.2, PIP2 induces a loss of functioning, which is manifested by delayed motions of the voltage sensors. So far, the mechanism underlying the Kv channels modulation by PIP2 remains unknown. In the present manuscript, we attempt to shed light on this mechanism using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations combined with experiments, which was undertaken by our collaborators. Using unconstrained MD simulations, we have identified potential PIP2 binding sites in Kv1.2. In one of these sites, PIP2 interacts with the channel in a state-dependent manner forming salt bridges either with the voltage sensor or with the pore. Based on these findings, we propose a model rationalizing the known experimental data. Further, we aimed to estimate the loss of functioning effect induced by PIP2 on the Kv1.2 voltage sensors. In particular, we have calculated the free energy of the first two transitions along the activation path in the presence and absence of this lipid. We found that PIP2 affects both the relative stability of the voltage sensor states and the free energy barriers separating them. Finally, we studied the interactions between PIP2 and another member of the Kv family, the cardiac channel Kv7.1. In the PIP2 binding site that we have identified for this channel, the interaction between positive residues of Kv7.1 and the lipid was state-dependent, as in the case of Kv1.2. This state-dependent interaction, however, is prominent for coupling between the voltage sensors and the pore, which is otherwise weakened due to electrostatic repulsion of some positive residues. These findings are in a good agreement with the experimental data obtained by our collaborators
Fahmi, Mohammed. "Régulation par des seconds messagers cellulaires de canaux ioniques membranaires impliqués dans la transduction de signaux hormonaux hypophysaires." Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR28406.
Full textVasseur, Lucie. "Optimisation de la production et de la purification du canal hERG en vue d’une caractérisation biophysique et structurale." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT127/document.
Full textThe human protein hERG (human ether-à-go-go related gene) assembles as homo-tetramer to form the voltage-gated potassium channel Kv11.1. This channel is involved in repolarization of the cardiac action potential by regulating the potassium release from cardiomyocytes. hERG malfunction was found to cause long QT syndrome, a disorder that predisposes affected patients to arrhythmias and sudden death. This can be due to congenital mutation in the hERG gene and, most frequently, it is caused by pharmacological agents. Several drugs are known to block the channel ion pathway, resulting in off-target inhibition of hERG. Consequently, understanding the molecular basis of drug binding to hERG has become a high priority. The recent determination of a near-atomic resolution structure of the opened channel, using cryo-electron microscopy, provides insights into how this channel work. But several questions are still unanswered to understand the mechanisms of hERG function and drug binding. Moreover, new biophysical protocols with the purified hERG channel would help scientists and industries to anticipate drug side effects. In this context, we investigated strategies to purify a stable, homogenous and functional hERG channel. Our study was based on a shorter and chimeric hERG channel, the hERG(S1-coil) version. We optimized each step from production to purification of membrane proteins by testing experimental protocols found in the literature. In this thesis project, we first compared production rates of the channel in several prokaryote and eukaryotes recombinant systems. Total protein produced and the percent of functional channel were investigated in membranes from each recombinant system. Then, the channel was extracted from membranes before purification. Solubilizing rates and channel stability were compared depending on detergents. In another hand, we also developed protocols to investigate the channel stability and function along production and purification. A tetrameric and functional channel was finally purified and identified by this strategy. More work however is still needed to improve channel homogeneity and stability before to be suitable for biophysical and structural studies. In the future, this work could also help investigations in production and purification of other oligomeric membrane proteins