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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cancer incidence'

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1

Hornsby, C. "The population incidence of cancer." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2009. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/14896/.

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In this thesis stochastic techniques are used in attempts to understand cancer risk, its relationship to patient age and genotype, as well as its distribution in human populations. The starting point for the thesis is the general observation that cancer incidence grows in approximate proportion to an integer power of age. Quasi-mechanistic mathematical models of cancer incidence have suggested that the integer power in a given case is related to the number of crucial cellular events that must occur for a malignant tumour to evolve from a healthy tissue. This idea and its limitations are explor
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2

SANTUCCI, CLAUDIA. "PROGRESS IN CANCER INCIDENCE, MORTALITY, AND SURVIVAL." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2023. https://hdl.handle.net/2434/951503.

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Cancer mortality has declined over the last three decades in most high-income countries reflecting improvements in cancer prevention, diagnosis, treatments, and management. However, there are persisting and substantial differences in mortality, incidence, and survival worldwide. Using the World Health Organization (WHO) database I worked on the trends and projections analysis of mortality from various cancer sites. I computed age-specific rates for each 5-year age group, calendar year, and sex globally. I then computed age-standardized mortality rates per 100,000 person-years using the direc
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3

Jégu, Jérémie. "Cancer ultérieur chez les survivants d'un premier cancer : incidence et impact sur la survie." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ006/document.

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Les objectifs de cette thèse étaient d’étudier les tendances du risque de second cancer primitif (SPC) selon l’année de diagnostic d’un premier cancer des voies aéro-digestives supérieures (VADS) dans le Bas-Rhin, de produire les premières estimations de l’incidence des SPC à l’échelle nationale en France et d’estimer la survie des patients atteints d’un cancer des VADS selon la présence d’antécédents de cancer. Ce travail a montré que : 1) L’excès de risque de SPC des VADS et de l’œsophage a diminué de 53% entre 1975 et 2006 dans le Bas-Rhin, mais que le risque de SPC du poumon est resté stab
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4

Seigneurin, Arnaud. "Evaluation du dépistage du cancer du sein par mammographie : estimation du surdiagnostic, de la participation des femmes après un résultat faux positifs et de l'incidence des cancers de l'intervalle." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00637175.

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L'intérêt du programme de dépistage du cancer du sein par mammographie résulte de la balance entre la réduction de la mortalité et les effets indésirables du programme. L'objectif de ce travail était d'évaluer trois aspects du programme de dépistage dans le département de l'Isère. Nous avons utilisé une méthode Approximate Bayesian Computation pour estimer le surdiagnostic lié au dépistage par mammographie de cancers non évolutifs. Ils représentaient respectivement 1,5% (IC95% : 0,3% - 2,9%) et 28,0% (IC95% : 2,2% - 59,8%) des cancers invasifs et in situ diagnostiqués. Nous avons réalisé une r
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5

Lepage, Côme. "Epidémiologie des cancers digestifs rares : incidence, tendances chronologiques, pronostic." Dijon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DIJOMU01.

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L’objectif principal de ce travail était d’améliorer les connaissances épidémiologiques des tumeurs digestives rares jusqu’alors parcellaires puisque essentiellement basées sur des données hospitalières. Nous avons pu montrer qu’à l’image des autres cancers digestifs, leur incidence est en constante augmentation, et concernant adénocarcinomes de l’oesophage que cette hausse était en passe de devenir préoccupante. Ce travail réunit des données épidémiologiques sur les cancers digestifs rares à partir de bases de population qui pour la plupart étaient inexistantes. Ces données sont précieuses po
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6

Burrus, Kimberly J. "Cancer incidence by immigrant status in British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/54683.

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Introduction: Cancer differentially affects populations and geographical regions. Given the ethnic diversity and growing population of immigrants in Canada and British Columbia in particular, it is important to understand how the risk of cancer is distributed according to where in BC immigrants live, given that this population may experience distinct cancer risks. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to understand how cancer incidence rates in BC vary by the regional proportion of immigrants and to explore how these rates are associated with duration of residence (recent versus well
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7

Fink, Brian N. Gammon Marilie D. "Flavonoid intake and breast cancer incidence and survival." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1280.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006.<br>Title from electronic title page (viewed Oct. 10, 2007). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health." Discipline: Epidemiology; Department/School: Public Health.
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8

Kim, Yo-Eun. "Geography of colo-rectal cancer : incidence and survival." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287101.

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9

Smith, Sarah Jane. "Cancer in Trent region : incidence, mortality and survival." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312199.

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10

Bedford, Ronald L. Field R. William. "Utility of death certificate data in predicting cancer incidence." [Iowa City, Iowa] : University of Iowa, 2009. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/336.

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11

Pham, Tu Lan. "Incidence des cancers dans les thromboses veineuses." Montpellier 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON11068.

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12

Stenning, Persivale Karoline Andrea, Franco Maria Jose Savitzky, Alejandra Cordero-Morales, et al. "The mortality-incidence ratio as an indicator of five-year cancer survival in metropolitan Lima." Cancer Intelligence, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/622636.

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Introduction: The Mortality–Incidence Ratio complement [1 – MIR] is an indicator validated in various populations to estimate five-year cancer survival, but its validity remains unreported in Peru. This study aims to determine if the MIR correlates directly with five-year survival in patients diagnosed with the ten most common types of cancer in metropolitan Lima. Materials and methods: The Metropolitan Lima Cancer Registry (RCLM in Spanish) for 2004–2005 was used to determine the number of new cases and the number of deaths of the following cancers: breast, stomach, prostate, thyroid, lung, c
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13

Coebergh, Johannes Wilhelmus Willebrordus. "Incidence and prognosis of cancer in the Netherlands studies based on cancer registries /." [S.l.] : Rotterdam : [The Author] ; Erasmus University [Host], 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1765/10477.

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14

Smith, Elizabeth Brooks. "Skin cancer detection by oblique-incidence diffuse reflectance spectroscopy." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1047.

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15

Luo, Wei. "Cancer incidence patterns among Chinese immigrant populations in Alberta." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0002/MQ36715.pdf.

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16

Lundgren, Catharina Ihre. "Incidence and prognosis of differentiated thyroid cancer in Sweden /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-577-1/.

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17

Nyberg, Ullakarin. "Mortality and cancer incidence following cerebral angiography with thorotrast /." Stockholm, 2002. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2002/91-7349-310-4.

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18

Brown, Terry P. "Mortality and cancer incidence among biological research laboratory workers." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363929.

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19

Movahedi, Mohammad. "Socioeconomic status and colorectal cancer incidence by anatomical subsite." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.413194.

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20

Zoltick, Emilie Sela. "Nutritional and Lifestyle Factors for Cancer Incidence and Survival." Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:32644537.

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Background: The association between meat consumption and breast cancer risk and the relationship between vitamin D and colorectal cancer risk have been examined in numerous studies, but questions still remain. For colorectal cancer survival, research into diet has been sparse. Methods: Chapter one is a pooled analysis of 22 prospective cohort studies examining meat and egg consumption and breast cancer risk overall and by estrogen and progesterone receptor (ER/PR) status using Cox proportional hazards models to estimate study-specific relative risks which were then pooled using random effect
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21

Bedford, Ronald L. "Utility of death certificate data in predicting cancer incidence." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2009. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/336.

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22

Benhamiche, Anne-Marie. "Épidémiologie descriptive des cancers digestifs : incidence, prévalence, tendances chronologiques." Dijon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DIJOMU05.

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Par leur fréquence et leur gravité, les cancers digestifs posent un réel problème de santé publique. Le Registre Bourguignon des Cancers Digestifs a été crée avec l'idée que la recherche épidémiologique et la recherche en santé publique permettent de concevoir de nouvelles modalités de lutte contre ces cancers. Dans ce contexte, l'objectif de ce travail est de souligner l'intérêt de l'épidémiologie descriptive. Les données collectées localement et dans le cadre du réseau FRANCIM ont modifié nos connaissances sur la fréquence des cancers digestifs qui reposaient auparavant sur les statistiques
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23

Brown, Antony Clark. "Multilevel regression modelling of melanoma incidence." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/265992.

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This thesis is concerned with developing and implementing a method for modelling and projecting cancer incidence data. The burden of cancer is an increasing problem for society and therefore, the ability to analyse and predict trends in large scale populations is vital. These predictions based on incidence and mortality data collected by cancer registries, can be used for estimation of current and future rates, which is helpful for public health planning. A large body of work already exists on the use of various modelling strategies, methods and fitting techniques. A multilevel method of prepa
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24

Teppo, H. (Heikki). "Incidence, survival, diagnostic delays and prognostic factors in laryngeal cancer." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2003. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514271262.

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Abstract Incidence trends of laryngeal cancer in Finland were analyzed, especially in relation to survival, in a patient series of 5766 patients diagnosed in 1956–1995 and identified from the Finnish Cancer Registry. The age-adjusted incidence rate decreased from 6.5 to 3.5 per 100 000 person-years in males and remained unchanged among females. Only minor improvement occurred in survival. In a hospital-based material from Northern Finland (353 patients with laryngeal squamocellular carcinoma, LSCC, diagnosed in 1976–1995), the incidence among males decreased only for supraglottic cancer, dimin
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25

Mountford-Lister, Paul Graeme. "Plutonium exposure in utero : distribution, kinetics and resultant cancer incidence." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265699.

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26

Golden, Ann Maeve. "Psychological distress and cancer incidence in the Whitehall II study." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.401734.

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27

Ghazali, Anis Kausar. "Modelling of survival and incidence for colorectal cancer in Malaysia." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2018. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/129777/.

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Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide, with an estimated 1.36 million new cases and 694,000 deaths recorded in 2012. This number is expected to increase by 80% reaching approximately 2.4 million cases in 2035, and contributing to 1.3 million deaths globally per year. In Malaysia, colorectal cancer is the second most common cancer, in both men and women, behind lung cancer in men and breast cancer in women respectively. The most recent estimate gives the incidence of colorectal cancer in Malaysia as 21.3 cases per 100,000 population and 9.8 deaths per 100,000 population fo
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28

Dyba, Tadeusz. "Precision of cancer incidence predictions based on poisson distributed observations." Helsinki : University of Helsinki, 2000. http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/val/tilas/vk/dyba/.

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29

Thomas, Akesh, zainab Fatima, and Girendra resident Hoskere. "Lung Cancer in Tennessee." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2021. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2021/presentations/69.

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Introduction Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death in the United States (US). Tobacco smoking is a well-recognized cause of lung cancer. About 2% of the United States (US) population lives in Tennessee (TN). Nearly 21 % of TN adults are current smokers as per 2019 data, compared to 14% across the US. The percentage of smokers has historically been high in TN and its surroundings. This can be attributed to the area's socio-economic and cultural characteristics, along with large areas of tobacco farming in the region. This increases the risk of lung cancer in the TN popula
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30

Wulaningsih, Wahyu. "Inflammation and breast cancer : clinical markers and impact on breast cancer incidence, severity and survival." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2016. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/inflammation-and-breast-cancer(d98e1522-bc00-488a-8010-33ba59ed4ee4).html.

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This thesis investigated whether inflammation is implicated in breast cancer aetiology and survival. For this purpose, circulating markers of inflammation and inflammatory clinical disorders were studied in relation to the risk, severity, and survival of breast cancer in a large Swedish cohort, the Apolipoprotein MORtality RISk Study (AMORIS), which includes &gt;800,000 participants in Greater Stockholm area. Common inflammatory markers: serum C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin, haptoglobin and white blood cells (WBC) were examined in relation to breast cancer risk and survival using Cox propor
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Fontvieille, Emma. "The interplay of adiposity and cardiometabolic diseases in cancer incidence and survival." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LYO10194.

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Le surpoids et l'obésité, définis par un indice de masse corporelle (IMC) ≥25 kg/m², sont des facteurs de risque établis pour de nombreux cancers, appelés cancers liés à l'obésité. Le diabète de type 2 (DT2) est également un facteur de risque bien reconnu pour certains types de cancer, principalement ceux liés à l'obésité. De plus, des études émergentes suggèrent que les maladies cardiovasculaires (MCV) pourraient également être associées au risque de cancer. Ces maladies cardiométaboliques (MCM) coexistent souvent avec le cancer, conduisant à une multimorbidité - la présence simultanée de deu
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Ndui, Mary K. "Epidemiology of oral cancer in South Africa 1996-2002." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8665_1367481245.

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<p>Oral cancer is characterised by marked geographical differences in frequency and site preference as reported by various studies. In South Africa, a few studies have been reported on the patterns and aetiology of oral cancer, and age standardised incidence rates (ASIR). Studies in several countries have shown an increase in oral cancer incidence among younger people. Title:&nbsp<br>Epidemiology of oral cancer in South Africa 1996-2002.&nbsp<br>Aim and Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the age standardised incidence rates (ASIR) of oral cancer by age, gender, race&nbsp<br>and
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Islam, KM Monirul. "Colorectal cancer incidence and mortality among the medicare population (1990-1997) /." Connect to text online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=case1093980347.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Case Western Reserve University, 2005.<br>[School of Medicine] Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics. Includes bibliographical references. Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center.
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34

Lavigne, Éric. "Cancer incidence, mortality, breast cancer detection and survival among Canadian women with bilateral cosmetic breast augmentation." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29725/29725.pdf.

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Objectifs : La popularité des implants mammaires pour fins esthétiques a rapidement augmentée dans les dernières décennies. Les objectifs de cette thèse étaient d’évaluer l’incidence de cancer, la mortalité, la détection du cancer du sein ainsi que la survie au cancer du sein chez les femmes avec des implants mammaires pour fins esthétiques. Méthodes : Cette thèse porte sur la deuxième phase d’une étude de cohorte rétrospective de 24 558 femmes ayant reçu des implants mammaires pour fins esthétiques dans les provinces de l’Ontario et du Québec entre 1974 et 1989. Ces femmes ont été c
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35

Alzahrani, S. M. "Modelling and forecasting lung cancer incidence and mortality in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Salford, 2016. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/40702/.

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The aim of this research is to forecast the rates of lung cancer incidence and mortality in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia using data on lung cancer diagnosis between 1994 and 2009. Lung cancer data, including incidence and mortality, were obtained from Saudi Cancer Registry at the Ministry of Health. The Central Department of Statistics & Information at the Ministry of Planning also provided data on person characteristics, such as age, gender and ethnicity. These data serve as a basis for modelling the effect of gender, ethnicity, and age at diagnosis, and region on incidence and mortality. For
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Islam, K. M. Monirul. "Colorectal Cancer: Incidence and Mortality among The Medicare Population (1990-1997)." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1093980347.

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37

Pearce, James R. "Exploring the incidence of lung cancer in small areas across Scotland." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7078.

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Lung cancer is one of the most important causes of 'avoidable deaths' globally and is responsible for approximately 900,000 deaths per year. However, lung cancer rates tend to be higher for males than for females and the disease also varies geographically, as rates are far higher in developed countries compared to developing countries. Scotland has the highest rate of lung cancer of any country where lung cancer data is available. However, explaining the spatial distribution of this disease is difficult because lung cancer has a number of known causes that operate at a range of different spati
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Mai, Zhiming Jim, and 麦智明. "Incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and milk consumption : a worldwide ecological analysis." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/193839.

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Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common malignancy in South Asia and North Africa. In recent years, NPC incidence is dramatically decreasing which cannot be explained by the current etiological factors. Moreover, milk consumption is promising as factor to be investigated and showed declining trend in worldwide. To our knowledge, there are no population level studies to examine the association between NPC and milk & dairy products consumption. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between NPC incidence and per capita consumption of milk a
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39

Jacqueline, Camille. "Communautés d’agents infectieux et incidence des cancers : le rôle de l’écologie du système immunitaire." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT066.

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Le cancer est un problème majeur en santé humaine représentant l’une des principales causes de décès dans le monde. Depuis le début du 20ème siècle, le parasitisme a émergé comme un facteur déterminant pour expliquer la vulnérabilité face au cancer, avec un nombre croissant d’agents infectieux reconnus comme oncogènes. En parallèle, les virus oncolytiques ont attiré une attention considérable pour leur intérêt thérapeutique. Cependant, le rôle des autres agents infectieux dans le développement du cancer est resté largement inexploré même s’ils sont l’un comme l’autre soumis aux pressions du sy
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40

Aa, Maaike Anne van der. "Variation in incidence and outcome of cervical cancer in the Netherlands studies based on cancer registry data /." [S.l.] : Rotterdam : [The Author] ; Erasmus University [Host], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1765/11129.

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41

Abram, Muhammed Hanif. "The incidence of oral and oropharyngeal cancer in South Africa for the five year period 1997-2001." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24655.

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The National Cancer Registry (NCR) of South Africa publishes pathology-based cancer incidence in the country and is the main cancer data source. The data published by the NCR have been used extensively in the development of the draft national guidelines for cancer prevention and control as well as for cancer research. The list of contributing pathology laboratories is fairly inclusive. As far as Oral Cancer is concerned, the Department of Oral Pathology, University of Limpopo, has however not submitted data to the NCR. It is therefore reasonable to assume that because of this, a large proporti
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42

Bencheikh, Meryem. "Pertes d'hétérozygotie dans les cancers du sein : incidence et corrélations avec d'autres altérations génomiques." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20065.

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Le processus de tumorigenese est un processus multietapes. Dans le cancer du sein les alterations les plus frequentes sont les pertes d'heterozygotie (loh) et les amplifications geniques, deux phenomenes interpretes comme l'inactivation d'un antioncogene et l'activtion d'un oncogene. Ce travail presente l'etude des lohs dans une serie de 191 tumeurs du sein, deja analysees pour l'amplifiction genique en 5 loci. Les bras 1p, 1q, 3p, 11p, 13q, 17p, et 18q, cibles pour d'eventuels antioncogenes, ont tous presente des pertes d'alleles, allant de 3. 5 a 27%. Les analyses statistiques ont revele 4 s
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43

Grönberg, Henrik. "Prostate cancer : epidemiological studies." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Onkologi, 1995. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-96894.

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Prostate cancer is a large and increasing medical problem both in Sweden and in the rest of the developed world, with about 300.000 new cases diagnosed world wide annually. Despite the high incidence of this disease, little is known about the aetiology of prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to try to understand more about the natural history and to find possible a etiological risk factors for this tumour. In a population based study of prostate cancer cases in northern Sweden it was found that the large increase in prostate cancer during the last two decades was mainly caused by well (G
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44

Fulton-Kehoe, Deborah. "Use of antidepressant medications in relation to the incidence of breast cancer /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10941.

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Wevers-Carroll, Marieke. "Organochlorine exposure and the relationship to breast cancer incidence in Ontario women." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0005/MQ43236.pdf.

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Chaudhry, Munaza Rubee. "Cancer incidence, mortality and survival among status Indians in Ontario, 1968-1991." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0001/MQ40708.pdf.

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47

Shi, Fan. "Cancer incidence and survival patterns among Chinese immigrants in the United States." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ58504.pdf.

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48

Dorant, Elisabeth. "Onion and leek consumption, garlic supplement use and the incidence of cancer." Maastricht : Maastricht : Universitaire Pers Maastricht ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1994. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=6525.

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49

Seliske, Patrick. "Forestry pesticide spraying and cancer incidence in New Brunswick : an ecological study." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74248.

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The human health risk associated with exposure to pesticide formulations applied to New Brunswick forests was examined for 31 sites of cancer, using measures of exposure based on the proximity of non-city population centers to spray areas.<br>Two organochlorine and two organophosphate exposure indices were developed by using maps of areas sprayed each year during the period 1952 to 1976. These data were analyzed in relation to cancer incidence rates during the period 1977-l980 for 254 New Brunswick municipalities.<br>Follow-up case-control studies of the cancer sites considered does not seem t
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50

Kwan, Tsui-ying, and 關翠瑩. "Are colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy effective in reducing the mortality and incidence of colorectal cancer in colorectal cancer screening?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206954.

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BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer is usually asymptomatic until later stage and the 5-year survival for stage III or IV are 68% and 10 % because of delayed diagnosis. Worldwide, it is the 4th leading cause of death among cancers which accounted for 694,000 deaths in 2012. While healthy diet and lifestyle helps prevent colorectal cancer, increased surveillance through screening has been suggested to attribute to the decreasing trend of colorectal cancer incidence in the United States in the past decade. Identifying what type of colorectal cancer screening methods is more effective is of public heal
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