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1

Palomares Casasús, Sara, Marcos Rolando Adrianzén, Maria Luisa Spa, et al. "NEUROENDOCRINE BREAST TUMOUR: A CHALLENGING ENTITY." Annals of Mediterranean Surgery 5 (February 22, 2022): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22307/2603.8706.2022.01.005.

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NEUROENDOCRINE BREAST TUMOUR: A CHALLENGING ENTITY TUMOR NEUROENDOCRINO DE MAMA: UNA ENTIDAD DESAFIANTE Neuroendocrine breast carcinoma is a rare type of breast cancer with neuroendocrine differentiation which is found in around 2-5% of all invasive breast carcinomas. In most cases it is a challenge to get to the right diagnosis due to the sporadic number of cases and the need for special immunochemistry techniques, which are not routinely used. Due to the rare number of cases, it is difficult to update guidelines so that the correct diagnosis and treatment is decided. Our purpose is to presen
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Miura, Kentaro, Kimihiro Shimizu, Shogo Ide, et al. "A Novel Strategy for the Diagnosis of Pulmonary High-Grade Neuroendocrine Tumor." Diagnostics 11, no. 11 (2021): 1945. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11111945.

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Correctly diagnosing a histologic type of lung cancer is important for selecting the appropriate treatment because the aggressiveness, chemotherapy regimen, surgical approach, and prognosis vary significantly among histologic types. Pulmonary NETs, which are characterized by neuroendocrine morphologies, represent approximately 20% of all lung cancers. In particular, high-grade neuroendocrine tumors (small cell lung cancer and large cell neuroendocrine tumor) are highly proliferative cancers that have a poorer prognosis than other non-small cell lung cancers. The combination of hematoxylin and
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3

Liu, Jin, Xiaohua Pan, Yan Sun, et al. "Clinicopathological Features and Postoperative Survival Analysis of Gastric Carcinoma with Neuroendocrine Differentiation." Journal of Oncology 2022 (August 17, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4440098.

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Objectives. This study aims at investigating the differences of clinicopathological features and postoperative prognosis in three different types of neuroendocrine differentiation-related gastric cancers. Methods. From January 1, 2015 to September 30, 2016, 47 patients diagnosed with neuroendocrine differentiation-related gastric cancers were collected from 1095 patients with gastric cancer who underwent surgical treatment in the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital. Patients were followed up regularly, and the last follow-up time was October 25, 2021. A total of 38
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Sheikh, Rabeeta, Irfan Haider, Muhammad Sohaib Nadeem, Jawad Latif, Kiran Inam, and Muhammad Fawad UL Qamar. "Neuroendocrine Breast Carcinoma: a Case Series." Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal 73, no. 5 (2023): 1404–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v73i5.9418.

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Neuroendocrine breast carcinoma (NEBC) is histologically a rare type of invasive breast cancer. It constitutes only 0.2–0.5% of all invasive breast cancers. In this case series, we are presenting five cases having primary neuroendocrine breast cancers that had been reported at a high-volume cancer centre in Pakistan. In this study, neuroendocrine breast cancer patients at Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre Peshawar were evaluated. We had retrospectively collected information on demographic characteristics of our patients, physical examination, radiological findings, su
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Bajetta, Emilio, Laura Catena, Monika Ducceschi, et al. "Pitfalls in the Diagnosis of Neuroendocrine Tumors: Atypical Clinical and Radiological Findings as Cause of Medical Mistakes." Tumori Journal 95, no. 4 (2009): 501–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030089160909500416.

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Aims and background Carcinoids are infrequent neoplasms arising from neuroendocrine cells. Due to blurred symptoms and the presence of equivocal diagnostic findings, these tumors are sometimes misdiagnosed. Therefore, increased rates of false neuroendocrine tumors represent an emerging problem in clinical practice. Our aim is to alert clinicians on this matter by supplying them with useful warnings. Methods In the specialized neuroendocrine tumor study Center Centro di Riferimento per lo Studio e la Cura dei Carcinoidi e dei Tumori Neuroendocrini (Ce.Ri.Ca), some patients highly suspected to h
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6

Safina, S. Z., and A. Z. Isyangulova. "Neuroendocrine prostate cancer." Cancer Urology 19, no. 2 (2023): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.17650/1726-9776-2023-19-2-94-100.

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In Russia, prostate cancer is a common disease with fast increasing incidence. In the vast majority of prostate cancer patients receiving hormone therapy, on average 18–36 months after the start of treatment refractoriness to androgen ablation develops. In 15–20 % of patients, signs of neuroendocrine differentiation may develop.Neuroendocrine prostate cancer is an aggressive variant of castration-resistant prostate cancer with poor prognosis and low survival.Due to the rarity of these types of tumors, specific diagnostic and treatment algorithms have not been developed. As a rule, they are sim
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7

Tsedenova, K. O., M. I. Komarov, V. B. Matveev, and A. D. Panakhov. "Neuroendocrine urethral cancer." Experimental and Сlinical Urology 11, no. 2 (2019): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.29188/2222-8543-2019-11-2-38-42.

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8

Graca, S., J. Esteves, S. Costa, S. Vale, and J. Maciel. "Neuroendocrine breast cancer." Case Reports 2012, aug09 1 (2012): bcr1220115343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr.12.2011.5343.

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9

Siddeek, Rohik Anjum T., Amit Gupta, Krishna Bhukya Sai, et al. "Mixed squamous – neuroendocrine carcinoma of the gallbladder: A case report of a rare pathological entity." Cancer Research, Statistics, and Treatment 7, no. 1 (2024): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/crst.crst_186_23.

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Gallbladder cancers are the most common biliary tract malignancies in the world. Adenocarcinoma constitutes the most common histology in gallbladder cancer. Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the gallbladder account for about 0.5% of all neuroendocrine neoplasms and 2.1% of all gallbladder tumors. They are rare tumors and present with non-specific symptoms such as abdominal pain, weight loss, anorexia, and obstructive jaundice, and, therefore, are often challenging to diagnose and treat. Mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasm is a subtype of neuroendocrine neoplasm. To add to the literature
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10

Hsu, En-Chi, Meghan A. Rice, Abel Bermudez, et al. "Trop2 is a driver of metastatic prostate cancer with neuroendocrine phenotype via PARP1." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 4 (2020): 2032–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1905384117.

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Resistance to androgen deprivation therapy, or castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), is often accompanied by metastasis and is currently the ultimate cause of prostate cancer-associated deaths in men. Recently, secondary hormonal therapies have led to an increase of neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC), a highly aggressive variant of CRPC. Here, we identify that high levels of cell surface receptor Trop2 are predictive of recurrence of localized prostate cancer. Moreover, Trop2 is significantly elevated in CRPC and NEPC, drives prostate cancer growth, and induces neuroendocrine phenoty
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11

Saeed, Mirza Farad, Isam Mazin Juma, Roshan George Varkey, Keith Pappachen Mathew, and Maryam Abdollah Kamali. "Rare presentation of metastasized primary neuroendocrine breast carcinoma to the right colon and literature review of primary neuroendocrine breast carcinoma metastasized to other organs of the body: case report." International Surgery Journal 7, no. 12 (2020): 4188. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20205381.

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Primary neuroendocrine breast tumors account for less than 0.1% of all breast cancers, hence, unique in nature. This paper aims to report a 56 years old female, known case of primary neuroendocrine breast cancer with a metastatic right colonic neuro-endocrine tumor. The article also aims to review and acclaim the literature regarding primary breast neuroendocrine tumors metastasized to other parts of the body. The patient presented complaining of a breast mass, ulceration, and discharge, which was rapidly progressing. Examination revealed a right breast mass with skin erythema and impending ul
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12

Sivanandhan, Dhanalakshmi, Sridharan Rajagopal, Chandru Gajendran, et al. "Abstract B029: LSD1-HDAC6 dual inhibitor JBI-802 is an epigenetic modulating agent with a novel mechanism of action that target MYC amplification in multiple neuroendocrine tumor types." Cancer Research 82, no. 23_Supplement_2 (2022): B029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.cancepi22-b029.

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Abstract MYC is considered a master regulator of human cancers by modulating the transcription of numerous cancer-related genes. MYC amplification is reported in about 15% of all human cancers and is generally associated with poor prognosis and resistance to treatments. Focal amplification of MYC together with mutation in RB1 and p53 is an important event in the metastatic process of neuroendocrine tumor development. While limited options are available for direct targeting, transcriptional modulation via epigenetic modulating agent could be an attractive and viable option to target neuroendocr
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13

Amin, Sapna Vinit, Aswathy Kumaran, Sunanda Bharatnur, et al. "Neuroendocrine Cancer of Rectum Metastasizing to Ovary." Case Reports in Oncological Medicine 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7149821.

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Neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) are rare malignancies that originate from the hormone-producing cells of the body’s neuroendocrine system. Rectal high grade NEC (HG-NEC) constituting less than 1% of colorectal cancers can cause large ovarian metastasis that may be the initial presenting complaint. Ovarian Krukenberg tumor from a primary rectal HG-NEC is a very unusual and exceedingly uncommon differential diagnosis for secondary ovarian malignancy. This case report describes one such extremely rare case of a woman who had presented to the gynecology department with features suggestive of ovar
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14

Popescu, Robert, Ovidiu Bratu, Dan Spînu, et al. "Neuroendocrine differentiation in prostate cancer – a review." Romanian Journal of Military Medicine 118, no. 3 (2015): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.55453/rjmm.2015.118.3.3.

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Objectives: This review aims to provide practicing clinicians with the most recent knowledge of the biological nature of prostate cancer especially the information regarding neuroendocrine differentiation. Methods: Review of the literature using PubMed search and scientific journal publications. Results: Much progress has been made towards an understanding of the development and progression of prostate cancer. The prostate is a male accessory sex gland which produces a fraction of seminal fluid. The normal human prostate is composed of a stromal compartment (which contains: nerves, fibroblast,
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15

Ozsoy, Mehmet Sait, Hakan Baysal, Fatih Buyuker, Begumhan Baysal, Gozde Kir, and Orhan Alimoglu. "Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Breast: Report of A Case." Medical Science and Discovery 10, no. 5 (2023): 357–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.36472/msd.v10i5.950.

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Objective: Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignant disease among women and ranks among the top three most common cancers globally, alongside lung and colon cancer. Various subtypes of breast cancer have been identified. Primary neuroendocrine breast cancer, a rare and distinct type of breast carcinoma, lacks specific radiological findings. The definitive diagnosis is achieved through the expression of Synaptophysin and Chromogranin A on tumor biopsy, and it necessitates the absence of tumor detection in other regions. Staging and treatment are recommended to follow a similar approach as
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16

Evangelou, Georgios, Ioannis Vamvakaris, Anastasia Papafili, Maximilian Anagnostakis, and Melpomeni Peppa. "Lung NETs and GEPNETs: One Cancer with Different Origins or Two Distinct Cancers?" Cancers 16, no. 6 (2024): 1177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers16061177.

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Lung neuroendocrine tumors (LNETs) and gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) are two distinct types of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) that have traditionally been treated as a single entity despite originating from different sources. Although they share certain phenotypic characteristics and the expression of neuroendocrine markers, they exhibit differences in their microenvironment, molecular mutations, and responses to various therapeutic regimens. Recent research has explored the genetic alterations in these tumors, revealing dissimilarities in the frequently mutated genes,
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17

Wilson, Elizabeth M., Youngman Oh, Vivian Hwa, and Ron G. Rosenfeld. "Interaction of IGF-Binding Protein-Related Protein 1 with a Novel Protein, Neuroendocrine Differentiation Factor, Results in Neuroendocrine Differentiation of Prostate Cancer Cells." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 86, no. 9 (2001): 4504–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jcem.86.9.7845.

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Neuroendocrine cells have been implicated in many cancers, including small cell lung, cervical, breast, and prostate carcinomas. The increase in neuroendocrine cell number in prostate cancer has been reported to correlate with poor prognosis, progressive tumors, and androgen insensitivity. The mechanisms involved in this differentiation remain unknown. IGF-binding protein-related protein 1 is a member of the IGF-binding protein superfamily and has recently been shown to exhibit differentiation and tumor suppression activity in prostate cancer cell lines stably overexpressing IGF-binding protei
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18

Alami, Zenab, Sara Amrani Joutei, Samiya Mhirech, et al. "LA PRISE EN CHARGE DES TUMEURS NEURO ENDOCRINES DU COL UTERIN : A PROPOS DUN CAS ET UNE REVUE DE LA LITTERATURE." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 11 (2020): 734–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/13797.

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Les tumeurs neuroendocrines sont une entite rare des tumeurs du tractus genital feminin, elles representent 1,4% de tous les cancers invasifs du col de luterus. Ce sont des tumeurs rares, de mauvais pronostic. Les options therapeutiques sont souvent extrapolees a partir du cancer du poumon a petites cellules et detudes retrospectives limitees. Le traitement prefere est une approche multimodale associant chirurgie, radiotherapie et traitement systemique. Nous rapportons le cas dune patiente traitee pour une tumeur neuroendocrine du col uterin au service de radiotherapie du Centre Hospitalier Un
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19

Khanam, Razwana, Pranali Santhoshini Pachika, Payam Arya, Jason Bierenbaum, Kevin Kane, and Proshikha Saha. "“A Tale of 2 Demons”—Concomitant Presence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Primary Neuroendocrine Tumor of Liver: A Case Report and Review of Literatures." Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports 9 (January 2021): 232470962110433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23247096211043397.

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Neuroendocrine tumors usually originate from the neuroendocrine cells of gastrointestinal tract and their presence in the liver is mostly in the form of metastases. A primary neuroendocrine tumor in the liver concomitantly with hepatocellular carcinoma is an infrequent phenomenon. We present a 66-year-old woman with a remote history of breast cancer coming with postprandial fullness, later found to have multiple liver masses. After a thorough investigation, she was found to have a combined type of hepatocellular and primary neuroendocrine tumor of liver with pulmonary metastases. She was not a
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20

Wiesehöfer, Marc, Elena Dilara Czyrnik, Martin Spahn, et al. "Increased Expression of AKT3 in Neuroendocrine Differentiated Prostate Cancer Cells Alters the Response Towards Anti-Androgen Treatment." Cancers 13, no. 3 (2021): 578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13030578.

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Patients with advanced prostate carcinoma are often treated with an androgen deprivation therapy but long-term treatment can result in a metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. This is a more aggressive, untreatable tumor recurrence often containing areas of neuroendocrine differentiated prostate cancer cells. Using an in vitro model of NE-like cancer cells, it could previously be shown that neuroendocrine differentiation of LNCaP cells leads to a strong deregulation of mRNA and miRNA expression. We observe elevated RNA and protein levels of AKT Serine/Threonine Kinase 3 (AKT3) in neu
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21

Rinke, Anja, and Thomas M. Gress. "Neuroendocrine Cancer, Therapeutic Strategies in G3 Cancers." Digestion 95, no. 2 (2017): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000454761.

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22

Adams, R. W., P. Dyson, and L. Barthelmes. "Neuroendocrine breast tumours: Breast cancer or neuroendocrine cancer presenting in the breast?" Breast 23, no. 2 (2014): 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.breast.2013.11.005.

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23

Kaarijärvi, Roosa, Heidi Kaljunen, and Kirsi Ketola. "Molecular and Functional Links between Neurodevelopmental Processes and Treatment-Induced Neuroendocrine Plasticity in Prostate Cancer Progression." Cancers 13, no. 4 (2021): 692. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13040692.

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Neuroendocrine plasticity and treatment-induced neuroendocrine phenotypes have recently been proposed as important resistance mechanisms underlying prostate cancer progression. Treatment-induced neuroendocrine prostate cancer (t-NEPC) is highly aggressive subtype of castration-resistant prostate cancer which develops for one fifth of patients under prolonged androgen deprivation. In recent years, understanding of molecular features and phenotypic changes in neuroendocrine plasticity has been grown. However, there are still fundamental questions to be answered in this emerging research field, f
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Sun, M. H. "Neuroendocrine Differentiation in Sporadic CRC and Hereditary Nonpolyosis Colorectal Cancer." Disease Markers 20, no. 4-5 (2004): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2004/379053.

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Extent neuroendocrine differentiation can be encountered in many human neoplasm derived from different organs and systems using immunohistochemistry and ultrastructural techniques. The tumor cells' behaviors resemble those of neurons and neuroendocrine cells. The presence of neuroendocrine differentiation reputedly appears to be associated with a poorer prognosis than the adenocarcinoma counterparts in sporadic human neoplasm. In this review the neuroendocrine carcinoma and the adenocarcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation of colon and rectum both in sporadic colorectal carcinoma and the
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Shimomura, Tatsuya, Takashi Kurauchi, Keigo Sakanaka, Takahiro Kimura, and Shin Egawa. "Clinical investigation of neuroendocrine differentiation in prostate cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 6_suppl (2020): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.6_suppl.138.

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138 Background: Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is a lethal disease subset with median overall survival of less than 1 year from time of detection. The treatment strategy against NEPC is not yet established and some clinical trials are ongoing now. Recently, clinical trial (RADIIANT4) showed that treatment with everolimus was associated with significant improvement in survival in patients with progressive lung or gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors. In this study we evaluated the neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate cancer and we tried to introduce everolimus against pathologica
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Khakimov, G. A., G. G. Khakimova, S. F. Dallo, Sh G. Khakimova, and A. M. Khakimov. "Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (clinical case)." Medical alphabet, no. 27 (December 16, 2024): 55–59. https://doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2024-27-55-59.

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Neuroendocrine prostate cancer is a rare and aggressive cancer with a poor prognosis. This type of cancer is often diagnosed at an advanced stage and exhibits rapid resistance to standard therapeutic methods. Taking into account the low occurrence of this phenomenon, a description of poorly differentiated neuroendocrine (small cell) prostate cancer with extremely aggressive forms is given.
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Pankratjevaite, Lina, Mette Holmqvist, Amuras Samulionis, and Ute Hoyer. "Rare case of primary small-cell neuroendocrine breast carcinoma." BMJ Case Reports 14, no. 4 (2021): e237474. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-237474.

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Small-cell breast cancer is a very rare and aggressive type of neuroendocrine carcinoma. Histologically, it is indistinguishable from small-cell neuroendocrine lung cancer. Due to that, patients with small-cell neuroendocrine breast cancer should undergo examination of other areas of the body. Small-cell breast cancer may be treated with a combination of surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. However, no standard treatment exists due to the small number of cases. We present a case of a 49-year-old woman with right breast primary small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma.
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Abbasova, Daria V., Svetlana B. Polikarpova, Nikolai A. Kozlov, Madina P. Baranova, Irina P. Kovalenko, and Elena I. Ignatova. "Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate (review of the literature)." Journal of Modern Oncology 21, no. 3 (2019): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/18151434.2019.3.190673.

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Neuroendocrine neoplasia (NEC) of the prostate gland is a rather rare extrapulmonary neuroendocrine carcinoma and makes up only 0.5 to 1% of all malignant neoplasms of this localization. NEC of the prostate gland is a tumor of epithelial origin, histologically and immunohistochemically identical to analogues in the lungs and digestive system. When stained with hemotoxylin-eosin, neuroendocrine cells cannot always be visualized; they are best recognized by the immunohistochemical method of investigation using specific markers. Currently, a number of neuroendocrine markers are used, the expressi
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Gustafsson, Björn I., Mark Kidd, and Irvin M. Modlin. "Neuroendocrine tumors of the diffuse neuroendocrine system." Current Opinion in Oncology 20, no. 1 (2008): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/cco.0b013e3282f1c595.

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Fiorito, C., I. Lucca, M. Oderda, et al. "Neuroendocrine bladder cancer: oncological emergency?" Urologia Journal 75, no. 1 (2008): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039156030807500111.

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Neuroendocrine bladder cancer is extremely rare, with an estimated incidence of 0.5%- 0.7%. In bladder cancers there is no evident connection between the neuroendocrine phenotypic expression and the clinical history. However, prognosis is usually poor and the survival rate at 5 years does not exceed 8%, if untreated. Methods. We are here describing three case reports of bladder carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation, which is extremely aggressive and leads rapidly to death. At the present time, the local control of these tumors is achieved by radical cystectomy and radiotherapy; they ca
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Stoyanova, Tanya Ivanova. "Abstract 2378: Developing new potent therapeutic strategies for neuroendocrine carcinomas." Cancer Research 85, no. 8_Supplement_1 (2025): 2378. https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2025-2378.

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Abstract Neuroendocrine carcinomas, such as neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC), small cell lung cancer (SCLC), and neuroblastoma, share common histological features, including expression of neuroendocrine markers, rapid relapse after treatment, and poor prognosis. Due to the poor clinical outcome of patients with neuroendocrine carcinomas, there is a critical need to identify new drivers, therapeutic targets, and effective therapeutic strategies for these malignancies. Ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) is a protease that has a dual function in regulating protein stability. We
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Laface, Carmelo, and Riccardo Memeo. "Clinical Updates for Gastrointestinal Malignancies." Journal of Personalized Medicine 13, no. 9 (2023): 1424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm13091424.

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Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers include hepatobiliary tumors, pancreatic cancer (PC), neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, small bowel carcinomas, gastric cancer (GC), anal canal cancer, primary gastric and intestinal lymphomas, gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) and the most frequent colorectal cancer (CRC) [...]
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Dvorak, Katerina, Rafael Sainz, and Alexander Gomez. "Abstract 5933: Improved identification of lung neuroendocrine neoplasms using INSM1 (SP493) Rabbit Monoclonal Primary Antibody." Cancer Research 85, no. 8_Supplement_1 (2025): 5933. https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2025-5933.

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Abstract Introduction: About 20% of lung cancers are of neuroendocrine origin. In addition to evaluation of morphological features, these neoplasms can be identified by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using neuroendocrine markers such as synaptophysin, chromogranin A and neural cell adhesion molecule, CD56. Recent studies showed that INSM1 is increasingly used as a diagnostic marker for cancers of neuroendocrine origin, since it is highly sensitive and specific. The primary focus of this study was to assess the sensitivity and specificity of a newly developed assay that is using a new INSM1 (SP493)
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Cristina G, Domingo, and Cornelio Gerardo H. "Mixed Neuroendocrine-Non-neuroendocrine Neoplasm (MiNEN) of the Esophagus: A Case Report." Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Care 7, no. 4 (2022): 755–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31557/apjcc.2022.7.4.755-756.

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Esophageal cancer incidence rates have been increasing over the past years and survival rates remain low. According to the Global Cancer Observatory, 3.1% of new cancer cases consists of esophageal cancer and 5.5% of deaths was due to esophageal cancer. Histologic classification comprises of either squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) or Adenocarcinoma. Other types are reported to be uncommon. We present a case of 33-year old male admitted due to progressive dysphagia. He underwent esophagogastric resection and histopathologic studies revealed a mixed neuroendocrine- non-neuroendocrine tumor. He rece
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Berman-Booty, Lisa D., and Karen E. Knudsen. "Models of neuroendocrine prostate cancer." Endocrine-Related Cancer 22, no. 1 (2014): R33—R49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/erc-14-0393.

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Prostate cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer death in men in the USA and most western countries. Prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma is the most commonly diagnosed form of prostate cancer. Small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma is less frequently identified at the time of initial diagnosis, but this highly aggressive form of prostate cancer is increasingly observed in patients who have failed first- and second-line hormone therapy. Thus, developing and exploring models of neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NePC) are of increasing importance. This review examines the relevant xenograft tumo
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Rindi, Guido, and Frediano Inzani. "Neuroendocrine neoplasm update: toward universal nomenclature." Endocrine-Related Cancer 27, no. 6 (2020): R211—R218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/erc-20-0036.

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Neuroendocrine neoplasia is described in almost every tissue, either in the pure endocrine organs, the nerve structures or in the so-called diffuse neuroendocrine system. The current nomenclature contains time-honored, widely accepted definitions; however, it is different according to anatomical sites. Diverse definitions may generate confusion and non-standard patient management. The International Agency for Research on Cancer – World Health Organization (IARC-WHO) proposed a framework for universal classification of neuroendocrine neoplasia. Evidence indicates that neuroendocrine cancer is c
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Wenzel, Mike, Claudia Collà Ruvolo, Christoph Würnschimmel, et al. "Epidemiology of Unconventional Histological Subtypes of Urethral Cancer." Urologia Internationalis 107, no. 1 (2022): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000525673.

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<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> The aim of the study was to examine cancer-specific mortality (CSM) of unconventional urethral cancers. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Within the SEER (2004–2016) database, we analyzed CSM of 165 patients with unconventional urethral-cancer histology. Kaplan-Meier plots were used to test the effect of unconventional histologies in urethral cancer on CSM. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Of 165 eligible patients, the Mullerian type accounted for 55 (33.3%) versus melanocytic (26.7%) versus neuroendocrine 25 (15.2%
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Katsetos, Christos D., George Kontogeorgos, Jennian F. Geddes та ін. "Differential Distribution of the Neuron-Associated Class III β-Tubulin in Neuroendocrine Lung Tumors". Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 124, № 4 (2000): 535–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2000-124-0535-ddotna.

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AbstractObjective.—To study the immunoreactivity profile of the neuron-associated class III β-tubulin isotype (β III) in epithelial lung tumors.Design.—One hundred four formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded primary and metastatic lung cancer specimens were immunostained with an anti–β III mouse monoclonal antibody (TuJ1) and an anti–β III affinity-purified rabbit antiserum. Paraffin sections from fetal, infantile, and adult nonneoplastic lung tissues were also examined.Results.—In the fetal airway epithelium, β III staining is detected transiently in rare Kulchitsky-like cells from lung tissues co
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39

Zhu, Ying, Fanlong Meng, Huibin Fang, Zhigang Zhang, Liang Wang, and Wei Zheng. "Clinicopathologic characteristics and survival outcomes in neuroendocrine carcinoma of the ovary." International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 30, no. 2 (2019): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-2019-000746.

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ObjectiveNeuroendocrine tumors are rare in the ovary. Definitive epidemiologic and prognostic information for neuroendocrine carcinoma of the ovary is lacking. This retrospective population-based study aimed to elucidate the demographic and clinicopathologic characteristics of neuroendocrine carcinoma of the ovary.MethodsPatients with neuroendocrine carcinoma of the ovary diagnosed between January 1994 and December 2014were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database of the National Cancer Institute. Cancer-specific survival was calculated by Kaplan-Meier pl
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40

Tsunokake, Junichi, Fumiyoshi Fujishima, Hirofumi Watanabe, et al. "Tumor Microenvironment in Mixed Neuroendocrine Non-Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Interaction between Tumors and Immune Cells, and Potential Effects of Neuroendocrine Differentiation on the Tumor Microenvironment." Cancers 14, no. 9 (2022): 2152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14092152.

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The tumor microenvironment is considered to play a pivotal role in various human malignancies. Neuroendocrine and non-neuroendocrine neoplasms are considered to have different tumor microenvironments. However, owing to differences in the systemic and/or local immune statuses, tumor microenvironments in different patients may be difficult to compare. Mixed neuroendocrine non-neuroendocrine neoplasms (MiNENs), although rare, could be useful for exploring the effects of neuroendocrine differentiation on the tumor microenvironment, because both neuroendocrine and non-neuroendocrine components are
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Tsunokake, Junichi, Fumiyoshi Fujishima, Hirofumi Watanabe, et al. "Tumor Microenvironment in Mixed Neuroendocrine Non-Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Interaction between Tumors and Immune Cells, and Potential Effects of Neuroendocrine Differentiation on the Tumor Microenvironment." Cancers 14, no. 9 (2022): 2152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14092152.

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The tumor microenvironment is considered to play a pivotal role in various human malignancies. Neuroendocrine and non-neuroendocrine neoplasms are considered to have different tumor microenvironments. However, owing to differences in the systemic and/or local immune statuses, tumor microenvironments in different patients may be difficult to compare. Mixed neuroendocrine non-neuroendocrine neoplasms (MiNENs), although rare, could be useful for exploring the effects of neuroendocrine differentiation on the tumor microenvironment, because both neuroendocrine and non-neuroendocrine components are
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42

Tsunokake, Junichi, Fumiyoshi Fujishima, Hirofumi Watanabe, et al. "Tumor Microenvironment in Mixed Neuroendocrine Non-Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Interaction between Tumors and Immune Cells, and Potential Effects of Neuroendocrine Differentiation on the Tumor Microenvironment." Cancers 14, no. 9 (2022): 2152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14092152.

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Abstract:
The tumor microenvironment is considered to play a pivotal role in various human malignancies. Neuroendocrine and non-neuroendocrine neoplasms are considered to have different tumor microenvironments. However, owing to differences in the systemic and/or local immune statuses, tumor microenvironments in different patients may be difficult to compare. Mixed neuroendocrine non-neuroendocrine neoplasms (MiNENs), although rare, could be useful for exploring the effects of neuroendocrine differentiation on the tumor microenvironment, because both neuroendocrine and non-neuroendocrine components are
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43

Köseoğlu, Hikmet, Sevim Baykal Koca, M. H. Enes Araci, Emre Yardımcı, and İbrahim Taşkın Rakıcı. "Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of Bladder." Scholars Journal of Medical Case Reports 11, no. 11 (2023): 2064–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sjmcr.2023.v11i11.037.

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Being a very rare histopathological type, neuroendocrine tumors are rather aggressive tumors that are usually diagnosed at an advanced stage. Neuroendocrine bladder tumor represents less than 1% of all bladder cancers. Though diagnosed in similar age period of 6th to 8th decade like urothelial carcinoma, its histopathological features and its poor prognosis are apart and rather similar to the small cell cancer of the lung. In this case report, we present a case of high-grade small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of bladder in an elderly man.
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Slabáková, Eva, Zuzana Kahounová, Jiřina Procházková, and Karel Souček. "Regulation of Neuroendocrine-like Differentiation in Prostate Cancer by Non-Coding RNAs." Non-Coding RNA 7, no. 4 (2021): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ncrna7040075.

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Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) represents a variant of prostate cancer that occurs in response to treatment resistance or, to a much lesser extent, de novo. Unravelling the molecular mechanisms behind transdifferentiation of cancer cells to neuroendocrine-like cancer cells is essential for development of new treatment opportunities. This review focuses on summarizing the role of small molecules, predominantly microRNAs, in this phenomenon. A published literature search was performed to identify microRNAs, which are reported and experimentally validated to modulate neuroendocrine markers
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Bunn, PA Jr, I. Linnoila, JD Minna, D. Carney, and AF Gazdar. "Small cell lung cancer, endocrine cells of the fetal bronchus, and other neuroendocrine cells express the Leu-7 antigenic determinant present on natural killer cells." Blood 65, no. 3 (1985): 764–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v65.3.764.bloodjournal653764.

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Small cell lung cancer is distinguished from other lung cancer histologic types by possessing a variety of neuroendocrine properties. Anti-Leu-7 is a monoclonal antibody that recognizes a 110,000-dalton molecular weight glycoprotein initially described on natural killer cells and subsequently reported on a variety of normal and malignant neural and neuroendocrine cell types. We have found intense anti-Leu-7 binding to a large number of small cell lung cancers, while other lung cancer types were negative or showed only weak and focal binding. Other antigens expressed by natural killer cells, ly
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Ramasamy, Akilandeswari Alagan, and J. Janifer Jasmine. "Case series: Clinico-pathological studies of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors (GI-NETs)." Romanian Medical Journal 70, no. 4 (2023): 190–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rmj.2023.4.8.

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Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors (GI-NET) are one of the rarest cancers that occur with an annual global incidence of 2.5-5/100000 patients. Gastrointestinal NeT is the second cancer that affects any individuals, after cancer of the colorectal region. Early identification and early intervention will prevent the mortality of individuals dying due to gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors. The main element of prevention is early identification; hence clinicians can identify the rarest cases and can receive enlighten insights to reduce the mortality due to the rarest diseases.
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Samaan, Naguib A. "Neuroendocrine tumors." Current Opinion in ONCOLOGY 2, no. 1 (1990): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001622-199002000-00016.

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48

Granberg, Dan, and Kjell Öberg. "Neuroendocrine tumours." Update on Cancer Therapeutics 1, no. 1 (2006): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.uct.2006.04.007.

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Granberg, Dan, and Kjell Öberg. "Neuroendocrine tumours." Update on Cancer Therapeutics 2, no. 1 (2007): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.uct.2007.04.001.

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Pinto, Filipe, and Rui Manuel Reis. "Drivers of neuroendocrine prostate cancer." Translational Cancer Research 5, S3 (2016): S551—S553. http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/tcr.2016.09.26.

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