Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cancers des voies aérodigestives supérieures'
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Blons, Hélène. "Altérations génétiques et cancers des voies aérodigestives supérieures, corrélations anatomo-cliniques." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05P041.
Full textLarrouy, Anne. "Antibioprophylaxie en chirurgie carcinologique des voies aérodigestives supérieures." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR2M070.
Full textThomas, Fabienne. "Mécanismes d'action et de résistance de l'erlotinib dans les cancers des voies aérodigestives supérieures." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/746/.
Full textOur work aims to study the action of an EGFR inhibitor (erlotinib) in patients with HNSCC; and to identify predictive markers of response in order to select patients that can benefit of the treatment. Immunochemistry analyses were performed on tumor tissues and show that basal p21waf expression (CDK-cyclins inhibitor) was positively associated with tumor response. EGFR mutations and Kras mutations were not detected in HNSCC patients of our study. . The EGFR gene copy number, that has been identified as a factor linked with tyrosine kinase inhibitors sensitivity in lung cancer, did not correlate with clinical response. We also studied erlotinib pharmacokinetics and try to establish pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics relationships (PK /PD relationships). Pharmacokinetic analysis show that the smoking status, the hepatic function and age were relevant covariates to predict erlotinib elimination. Moreover, there is a relationship between drug exposure and toxicity but not between exposure and response. The last part of this work consisted in analysing genomic expression of the tumors before and after treatment by using microarrays (Affymetrix HG U133A GeneChip(r)) to identify genes differentially expressed in responders versus non responders and to characterize erlotinib effect on genes expression
Cromer, Anne. "Identification et caractérisation des gènes différentiellement exprimés dans les cancers des voies aérodigestives supérieures." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR13149.
Full textHead and neck cancer is responsible for 12% of cancer deaths in men in France. Despite thérapeutical improvement, 5-year survival rates have remained largely unchanged in the last few decades and patients frequently present with locoregional recurrence and metastatic disease (30-50%). The work presented here aimed at identifying genes differentially expressed in HNSCC tumorigenesis, as well as in metastasis progression. Two complementary transcriptome screens were performed using Differential Display and Affymetrix microarrays. Around 3 000 genes were identified that are differentially expressed between hypopharyngeal carcinoma and normal uvula. In addition, we identified 164 genes with distinct expression levels in tumours with different metastatic outcomes. The involvement of some of these genes in cancer have already been decribed (eg. MMPs, CXCR4), whereas others are unknown in public databases. Furthermore, we functional characterized two of these 'unkown' genes: 0656D/LL5b, which encodes a protein binding phosphoinositides (3,4,5) triphosphates, and h1655E, an homolog of NudC, a protein involved in nuclear migration. The sequences we isolated are an exhaustive list of tumorigenesis and metastatic invasion markers in HNSCC. These are potential diagnostic or prognostic markers, and potential therapeutic targets
Carton, Matthieu. "Facteurs de risque professionnels des cancers des voies aérodigestives supérieures chez les femmes : analyse des données de l’étude Icare." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLV002/document.
Full textBackground : Few occupational studies have addressed head and neck cancer, and these studies have been predominantly conducted in men. Objective : Our objective was to investigate the associations between head and neck cancer and occupational exposures in women Population and methods : ICARE, a French population-based case–control study, included 296 squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (HNSCC) in women and 775 female controls. Lifelong occupational history was collected. Job-exposure matrices were used to assess exposure to five chlorinated solvents (carbon tetrachloride; chloroform; methylene chloride; perchloroethylene; trichloroethylene), 5 petroleum solvents (benzene; special petroleum product; gasoline; white-spirits and other light aromatic mixtures; diesel, fuels and kerosene), 5 oxygenated solvents (alcohols; ketones and esters; ethylene glycol; diethyl ether; tetrahydrofuran) and 7 fibers and dusts (asbestos, flour dust, leather dust, refractory ceramic fibers, cement dust, mineral wools and silica) . An analysis by job title was conducted, and then associations with specific occupational exposures were investigated.Odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusted for smoking, alcohol drinking, age and residence area, were estimated with logistic models. Results : Significantly increased HNSCC risks were found for several jobs and industries. Some of these occupations (food and beverage processors, electrical and electronic equipment assemblers, welders and flame cutters) may entail exposure to agents such as solvents, metals, welding fumes and various dusts. Analyses for specific occupational exposures showed a significantly elevated risk of HNSCC associated with exposure to trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene. There is no clear evidence that petroleum or oxygenated solvents, some of them commonly used by women, are risk factors for HNSCC. Exposure to flour dust increased significantly HNSCC risk. Probable exposure to asbestos was associated with a moderate, non-significant elevation in risk. Analyses by cancer site (oral cavity, pharynx, larynx) were hampered by small numbers and did to reveal any specific association.Conclusion : These findings suggest that occupational exposure to perchloroethylene, trichloroethylene and flour dust may increase the risk of HNSCC in women
Jehl, Aude. "Cavéoline-1 prédictive de la métastase et de la rechute locorégionale des cancers des voies aérodigestives supérieures." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022STRAJ070.
Full textThis translational research project on head and neck cancers has identified caveolin-1 (Cav1) as a prognostic biomarker for the evolution of a primary tumor of these cancers. Indeed, an overexpression of this protein favors a locoregional relapse whereas a deficiency of Cav1 engages the tumor towards a metastatic process. Moreover, we have highlighted the involvement of the Cav1 / EREG / YAP axis in the resistance to treatment (cetuximab and radiotherapy). Finally, we identified epiregulin (EREG) as the key protein in cetuximab resistance. Thus, a deficiency of EREG sensitizes cells to cetuximab by activation of ferroptosis and the association of this target therapy with the RSL3 molecule or metformin drastically restricts cell survival by accentuating this programmed cell death. These last results could be confirmed thanks to a complex 3D model recapitulating the intra- and inter-tumoral heterogeneity, namely the tumoroid model established from surgical parts of patients with head and neck cancer
Combes, Jean-Damien. "Epidémiologie des infections à papillomavirus humains et cancers des voies aérodigestives supérieures : enjeux et perspectives de prévention." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10367.
Full textAt least one out of six cancers worldwide is caused by infectious agents, of which human papillomaviruses (HPV) are responsible for around 600 000 cancer cases each year. HPV are recognized as a necessary cause of cervical cancer, and the cause of a fraction of cancers of the anus, vulva, vagina, penis, but also the oropharynx. Recent epidemiological data report an alarming increase in the incidence of HPV-induced oropharyngeal cancers in some devel- oped countries, as in North America and North Europe. In cervical cancer, extended knowledge of the natural history of HPV infection and associat- ed lesions has led to the implementation of cervical pap smear screening resulting in a sub- stantial decrease in cervical cancer incidence. Conversely, in HPV-induced head and neck cancers, very few data on the natural history of the disease are available. Today, the mode of transmission of HPV infection and the steps in cancerisation of head and neck tissues are still poorly understood. Although vaccination against HPV should impact the incidence of HPV- induced cancers other than in the cervix, vaccine coverage is insufficient in many countries to generate herd immunity, and to date no other method for prevention of HPV-induced head and neck cancers is available. The main objectives of this work are: (i) to better define the oncogenic potential of the differ- ent HPV types [Articles I, II and III]; (ii) to improve the knowledge of the role of HPV in can- cers of the head and neck [Articles IV and V]; and (iii) to understand the natural history of HPV infection and associated lesions in the oropharynx [Projects I and II]
Bozec, Alexandre. "Apport préclinique aux thérapeutiques moléculaires ciblées dans les carcinomes épidermoïdes des voies aérodigestives supérieures." Aix-Marseille 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX20664.
Full textMouawad, François. "Evaluation de combinaisons thérapeutiques ciblées en cancérologie des voies aérodigestives supérieures. Mise au point d’un modèle tumoral in vivo." Thesis, Lille 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL2S028/document.
Full textHead and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide. The treatment of advanced stages HNSCC is based on surgical treatment combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy or concomitant chemo-radiotherapy. However, the 5-year survival remains poor for advanced stages HNSCC and the development of new targeted therapies is eagerly awaited. F14512 combines an epipodophyllotoxin core-targeting topoisomerase II with a spermine moiety introduced as a cell delivery vector. This spermine moiety facilitates selective uptake by tumor cells via the Polyamine Transport System (PTS) and reinforces topoisomerase II poisoning. Here we report the evaluation of F14512 toward HNSCC.Four cell lines representative of head and neck cancer localizations were used: Fadu (pharynx), SQ20B (larynx), CAL33 and CAL27 (base of the tongue). PTS activity and specificity were evaluated by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry using the fluorescent probe F17073 which contains the same spermine moiety as F14512. Cytotoxicity, alone or in association with standard chemotherapeutic agents (cisplatin, 5FU), and radio-sensitizing effects were investigated using MTS and clonogenic assays, respectively. F14512 efficiency and PTS activity were also measured under hypoxic conditions (1% O2).In all 4 tested HNSCC lines, an active PTS was evidenced providing a specific and rapid transfer of spermine-coupled compounds into cell nuclei. Interestingly, F14512 presents a 1.6 to 11 fold higher cytotoxic effect than the reference compound etoposide (lacking the spermine chain). It appears also more cytotoxic than 5FU and cisplatin in all cell lines. Competition experiments with spermine confirmed the essential role of the PTS in the cell uptake and cytotoxicity of F14512. Hypoxia had almost no impact on the drug cytotoxicity. The combination of F14512 with cisplatin, but not 5FU, was found to be synergistic and, for the first time, we demonstrated the significant radio-sensitizing potential of F14512. The spermine moiety of F14512 confers a targeted effect and a much better efficacy than etoposide in HNSCC lines. The synergistic effect observed in association with cisplatin and radiotherapy augurs well for the potential development of F14512 in HNSCC
Lemaire, Frédéric. "Caractérisation de l'expression génique des tumeurs des voies aérodigestives supérieures : perspectives diagnostiques et thérapeutiques." Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 2004. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000629.
Full textLemaire, Frédéric Jean Laurent. "Caractérisation de l'expression génique des tumeurs des voies aérodigestives supérieures: perspectives diagnostiques et thérapeutiques." Phd thesis, INAPG (AgroParisTech), 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000629.
Full textRebucci, Magali. "Mécanismes de résistance au cetuximab et influence des associations de traitement dans des lignées cellulaires de cancers de voies aérodigestives supérieures." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00576444.
Full textGilormini, Marion. "Inhibition des protéines anti-apoptotiques de la famille Bcl-2 par l'ABT-737 : intérêt pour le traitement des cancers des voies aérodigestives supérieures." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10277/document.
Full textHead and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are frequently characterized by chemotherapy and radiation resistance and 5-year survival rates have lingered around 50% for several decades. The frequent resistance of HNSCC is due, in large part, to aberrant inhibition of apoptosis and overexpression of antiapoptotic members of the Bcl-2 protein family. The aim of this study was to examine, in association with radiation, the impact of ABT-737, a potent small-molecule inhibitor of Bcl-XL and Bcl-2, on HNSCC cells and cancer stem cells (CSC).The first part of our work demonstrated that ABT-737 strongly synergized with radiotherapy to promote HNSCC cell death and loss of clonogenic survival. This effect involves mitochondrial damage, modulates ceramide metabolism and modify the expression of some proteins of the Bcl-2 family whose interactions with other family members determine cell fate. Moreover, we found that this combination is able to significantly slow tumor growth.The second part of our work revealed that ABT-737, even without radiation, had a preferential cytotoxic activity in vitro towards CSC. Thus, as CSC have a greater capacity for tumor relapse, increased motility and invasiveness, our data suggest that ABT-737 could effectively complement a first line of therapy with chemotherapy or radiotherapy in order to target residual quiescent HNSCC CSC
Zahner, Martine. "Oblitérations artérielles et chimiothérapie 5 fluorouracile-cisplatine des cancers des voies aéro-digestives supérieures : à propos de cinq observations." Saint-Etienne, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989STET6217.
Full textColiat, Pierre. "Stratégie de sensibilisation des tumeurs des voies aérodigestives supérieures aux anti-EGFR et résistance induite : induction de HIF-2 et opportunité thérapeutique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAJ067/document.
Full textManagement of HNSCC relies on surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Despite these treatments, the 5 years overall survival of patient is lower than 50%. Main causes of therapeutic failure are due to the profile of resistance of tumors. The efficacy of a combination rapalogues and anti-EGFR therapies in targeting the EGFR/mTOR/HIF-1 axis in solid tumors was shown previously. In this PhD work, we have evaluated the impact of a low-dose drug combination on head and neck cancer cells lines with a pharmacological and molecular approach. We show that the combination of rapamycine (5nM) and cetuximab (2,5μg/ml) efficiently inhibits the HIF-1 transcription factor and impairs cell clonogenic survival. The efficacy of radiation therapy is improved by this drug combination. However, cell resistance to the treatment is acquired via the induction of HIF-2 in our resistant model cell line. This induction is associated with more tumor relapse in tumors mice xenograft. The inhibition of HIF-2 achieves a dramatic drop of cell clonogenic survival to < 1%
Magné, Nicolas Charles. "Le récepteur d'EGF [Epidermal Growth Factor] : facteur pronostique dans les cancers épidermoïdes des voies aérodigestives supérieures et explorations pré-cliniques de son ciblage thérapeutique." Aix-Marseille 2, 2002. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2002AIX20667.pdf.
Full textCabelguenne, Arnauld. "GSTP1 et p53 : marqueurs prédictifs de la réponse à la chimiothérapie associant le 5-Fluorouracile et le Cisplatine dans les cancers des voies aérodigestives supérieures." Paris 5, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA05N109.
Full textOptimization of therapeutic strategy requires prior determination of predictive parameters of patients' response to anti-cancer drugs. In head and neck cancer patients treated by induction chemotherapy based on Cisplatin and 5-Fluorouracil, we showed a link between the presence of allelic GSTP1105val and the more important presence of mutations in p53 gene, that GSTM1 gene deletion was a risk factor of laryngeal cancers (2,6 times), that chemotherapy response is associated with a low plasma level of GSTP1. Presence of p53 mutations led to a decrease of chemo-sensibility to CDDP and to 5-FU. We identified a significant difference between the presence of p53 mutations in responder patients and non-responder patients (61% versus 81%). Predict the response to chemotherapy is now possible
Blanchard, Pierre. "Méta-analyses sur données individuelles d’essais randomisés dans les cancers des voies aéro-digestives supérieures. Développements méthodologiques et cliniques." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA11T065/document.
Full textHead and neck cancers represent the fifth cause of death from cancer in France. They are often diagnosed at an advanced stage. The poor prognosis of these diseases has led to the introduction of intensified treatments. Numerous randomized trials have evaluated the benefits of the addition of chemotherapy to locoregional treatment and of the modification of radiotherapy fractionation. The results of these trials have been synthesized in two individual patient data meta-analyses coordinated by the Meta-Analysis Unit of Gustave Roussy Cancer Center. However these meta-analyses bring up clinical and methodological questions, some of which are dealt with in this thesis. First we have studied by different means the interaction between patient level covariate, tumor site and treatment effect. We have also adapted the methodology of network meta-analyses to survival data to perform a global analysis of the entire meta-analysis database, and to rank treatments according to their efficacy, including some treatments that had not been directly compared. Some of these results were eventually confirmed by subsequently published randomized trials. We have reviewed the advantages and limits of network meta-analysis. We have also launched the update of all these meta-analyses in order to produce results consistent with actual clinical practice, update patient follow-up, and collect additional data regarding treatment efficacy, toxicity and compliance. The final results of the taxane induction meta-analysis are presented in this manuscript
BLANCHARD, Pierre. "Méta-analyses sur données individuelles d'essais randomisés dans les cancers des voies aéro-digestives supérieures. Développements méthodologiques et cliniques." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00983478.
Full textVerillaud, Benjamin. "Propriétés biologiques du récepteur TLR3 dans les carcinomes des voies aérodigestives supérieures : contribution à l’oncogénèse et intérêt comme cible thérapeutique." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA11T006/document.
Full textBackground. Head and Neck (HN) carcinomas are the 6th most frequent type of cancer worldwide. The role of the TLR3 receptor in HN carcinomas remains poorly understood.Objectives and Methods. 1) To assess the expression level of TLR3 in HN carcinoma cell lines and biopsies by Western blot and immunohistochemistry, respectively. 2) To study the role of TLR3 in tumour growth using specific cell lines with conditional knock-down of TLR3. 3). To assess in vitro the cytotoxic effects of artificial ligands of TLR3 used either alone or in combination with an IAP (inhibitor of apoptosis protein) inhibitor.Results. TLR3 protein was detected at a high level by Western blot analysis in HN carcinoma cell lines, by comparison with a panel of other human epithelial cancer cell lines. TLR3 was also consistently detected by immunohistochemistry in tumour biopsies. TLR3 seem to play a role in HN carcinoma cell growth: under certain culture conditions (hypoxic or low fetal calf serum/low nutrient culture conditions), TLR3 stimulation by a synthetic ligand, the poly(A:U), favours tumour cell growth. We investigated the effects of TLR3 stimulation on glucose metabolism using a Seahorse® analyzer, which measures the oxygen consumption and the proton production in living cells. Our results indicate that TLR3 stimulation induces an increase in anaerobic metabolism (extra-mitochondrial glycolysis). A metabolomic study revealed significant changes in the metabolic profile of cancer cells treated by poly(A:U) by comparison with untreated cells. We also showed that under TLR3 stimulation, HIF1 became detectable by Western blot analysis, even in normoxia. Given the fact that RNA fragments released by dying cells are able to trigger TLR3, one can assume that TLR3 might favour cancer cell survival in hypoxic areas located near the necrotic core of the tumour. However, TLR3 expression is also a factor of vulnerability for HN carcinoma cells: indeed, the combination of TLR3 artificial ligands with an IAP inhibitor has a strong cytotoxic effect on HN carcinoma cells in vitro
Nizard, Mevyn. "Optimisation d'un vaccin thérapeutique dans les tumeurs des voies aérodigestives supérieures associées aux papillomavirus : rôle de l'induction d'une immunité muqueuse et de la combinaison à la radiothérapie." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA05T027/document.
Full textCancer is the second mortality cause worldwide while mucosal cancers (lung, stomac, …) is the first mortality cause from. The majority of cancer vaccines against mucosal tumors have not given rise yet to significant clinical results. In this work we developed a strong immunotherapy based on the nontoxic subunit B from shiga toxin and showed for the first time that the localization of the immunization is crucial to induce potent and effective anti-tumoral responses. In a preclinical model a systemic immunization failed to induce a therapeutical protection against mucosal tumor challenge while intranasal immunization completely succeed. We identified a CD8 T lymphocyte population as a required cells in this protection and more precisely the T resident memory (Trm) cells. This Trm showed the classical CD103 phenotype as well as the CD49a which can play a specific role in the retention or the migration of this cells in the tumor tissue and might play a role in the survival. We also demonstrate that dendritic cells from the mucosal parenchyma was required to induce the CD49a expression on CD8 T cells while dendritic cells from the spleen was not. Our work shows that the Trm number as an impact in the anti-tumoral protection. We were able to reduce the Trm number in vivo using an anti-TGF-β antibody. This number diminution was correlated with a less efficient anti-tumoral protection. Patients with head and neck cancers are treated with radiotherapy. In this situation we showed that the combination of radiotherapy and our immunotherapy was associated with a better protection than radiotherapy alone or immunotherapy alone thanks to a vascular normalization. These results might rapidly lead to clinical trials and might open new ways to work with immunotherapies
Danoy, Patrick. "Gènes de la réparation de l'ADN chez l'homme : outils pour les études génétiques et fonctionnelles." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066133.
Full textSandoval, Federico. "Optimisation d’un vaccin thérapeutique contre les tumeurs des voies aérodigestives supérieures associées au virus de papilloma humain (HPV) : Mise en évidence du rôle de la compartimentalisation de la réponse immunitaire antitumorale." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05T012.
Full textRecent clinical trials have shown the therapeutic benefits of new promising immunotherapies (Sipoleucel T for prostate cancer, Ipilimumab in melanoma…). But by far, the majority of cancer vaccine clinical trials have shown modest clinical effects on cancer patients, contrasting with results found in preclinical models. Those preclinical models of cancer rely on subcutaneous grafts of tumor cells which do not mimic the true anatomic location of tumor lesions. In addition, in most cases cancer vaccines are administrated by systemic route, eliciting systemic antitumor responses and therapeutic effects. The antitumor response elicited by those vaccine strategies at the local environment of tumor location and their antitumor effect on orthotopic tumor models has not yet been addressed in preclinical cancer models. Since the majority of human tumors develop at mucosal surfaces, we addressed the question of the effect of the immunization route in the induction of local mucosal antitumor CD8+T cell responses by comparing a systemic intramuscular (i.m.) and intranasal (i.n.) route of administration of cancer vaccine. This vaccine consists of a non-replicative vaccine strategy that targets tumor antigen in vivo to dendritic cells developed at our laboratory and composed of the B subunit of the Shiga toxin (STxB) associated to a tumor antigen (E7 protein of HPV16). We also analyzed the antitumor effect of these vaccinations on two mucosal orthotopic tumor models of head and neck and lung cancer expressing the E7 antigen. We found that intranasal vaccination induced stronger specific CD8+T cell responses and antitumor effects at mucosal sites than systemic immunization, and, that mucosal vaccination induced a mucosal imprinting phenotype on mucosal derived antigen specific T cells as they expressed the mucosal integrins CD103 and CD49a, as opposed to systemic specific CD8+T cells or tumor infiltrating T cells in subcutaneous tumors. Inhibition of CD49a reduced the antitumor efficacy of the nasal vaccine and the number of tumor infiltrating CD8+T cells on orthotopic mucosal tumors. Our results showed that systemic antigen-specific T cell responses as typically assessed did not predict the quality of local mucosal immune response. Our observations provide direct evidence for the compartmentalization of mucosal tumor immunity, a critical finding for the rational design of better cancer vaccines
Delahaye-Sourdeix, Manon. "Moving beyond Genome-Wide Association Studies." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10238.
Full textGenome-wide association (GWA) studies consist in testing up to one million (or more) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for their association with cancer risk in thousands of individuals, without requiring any prior knowledge on the functional significance of these variants. These studies have been valuable for establishing etiological hypotheses and understanding the underlying genetic architecture of human diseases. However, most of the heritable factors of these traits remain unexplained. Part of this variation may come from rarer variants that are not targeted by current genotyping arrays or variants with moderate to low effects for which detection by current GWA studies is impractical. In this context and as illustrated in this thesis, GWA studies can now serve as starting points towards further discoveries, looking for new strategies to study both rarer variants and rarer diseases. We have specifically explored these approaches in the context of lung cancer, head and neck cancer and Hodgkin's lymphoma. The use of bioinformatics to combine recent GWA study results with other sources of information, the integration of different types of genomic data as well as the investigation of the interrelationship between germline and somatic alterations represent the main opportunities pursued in this thesis work
Abgral, Ronan. "Tomographie par émission de positons au 18F-fluorodesoxyglucose et carcinome épidermoïde des voies aérodigestives supérieures réfractaire au traitement." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00952418.
Full textMastronicola, Romina. "Étude de la dissémination des cellules tumorales liée à l’acte chirurgical dans les carcinomes epidermoïdes des voies aérodigestives supérieures." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0186/document.
Full textMetastasis is defined as the development of secondary tumor sites related to the ability of tumor cells to detach from primary tumor, to implant in another organ and to proliferate. From the primary site, a micrometastatic dissemination can occur through the release in blood stream or lymph system of isolated tumor cells or of small cell clusters. These micrometastases can proliferate and grow into metastases. The detection of isolated or microclustered tumor cells, the evaluation of the prognosis value, and their metastatic potential encounter difficulties. In this study, we focused mainly on the metastatic process related to surgery in epidermoid cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract (…). Indeed, in this type of cancers, the best method to establish diagnosis is the biopsy assessed by the anatomo-pathological analysis of a sample. The main physical barrier preventing cells from migrating is the membrane of the malignant tissue. During surgery, these barriers are destroyed, facilitating the invasion of the vascular system. Therefore tumor cells can locate in vessels and proliferate at distance from the primitive site, thus forming secondary tumors. Generally, metastases are detected by imaging or serology at a very advanced stage of cancer disease. The aim of this study was to detect isolated or disseminated cells (CTCs) of CEDVADS in blood stream by three different approaches : 1) the study of molecular markers for the diagnosis of node involvement of epidermoid carcinomas of the upper aerodigestive tract using quantitative PCR in real time and OSNA. 2) Screening of tumoral cells disseminated in Redon drains after cervical curettage 3) Detection of circulating tumor cells after surgery for epidermoid carcinomas of stage III and IV VADS. This protocol will allow to validate the detection of CTCs in clinic setting and to develop prospective studies for the diagnosis and prognosis of CTCs of CEVADS
Ayoub, Christine. "Analyse de TMEM16A, un gène surexprimé dans les cancers des voies-aéro-digestives supérieures." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6279.
Full textThe TMEM16A gene was isolated by different display in our laboratory as a highly overexpressed transcript in head and neck tumours. This gene is located at the CCND1-EMS1 locus of human chromosome 11q13 that is amplified in cancer. We are interested in the study of the function of the TMEM16A gene. Bioinformatics’ research shows that this gene produces: 3 isoforms that code for 8 transmembrane domains proteins (8TM), 1 for a 5 transmembrane domains protein (5TM), 1 for a 7 transmembrane domains protein (7TM) and one for a 4TM. After the generation and testing of a serie of antibodies, we were able to show a higher protein expression of TMEM16A in tumour samples by immunohistochemistry. We also confirmed TMEM16A overexpression in tumors by TR-qPCR and Northern blot. We cloned cDNAs that code for the 7TM and 8TM forms. We then studies the effects of 8TM overexpression of TMEM16A deficient cell-line Hep-2, on cell cycle, proliferation and tumorigenicity. The overexpression of TMEM16A stimulated migration and invasion. Changes in cell adhesion and spreading were also noticed. Silencing TMEM16A in 8TM overexpressing clone (HEp-2 cell-line) decreases cell migration and leads to the restoration of the initial state (control clone). Silencing TMEM16A in SCC-25 carcinoma cells which have high endogenous level of TMEM16A also causes a significant decrease of cell migration. This gene, because of its expression on the cell surface, could be a promising target for cancer therapy
Agueznay, Nour El Houda. "Récepteur soluble de l'IL-2 et de l'IL-15 dans les tumeurs des voies aérodigestives supérieures : mécanismes de production, activités biologiques et rôles pronostiques." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066100.
Full textLescaille-Quere, Géraldine. "Développement de stratégies d'immunothérapie dans le traitement des cancers des voies aéro-digestives supérieures induits par le papillomavirus." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077030.
Full textPapillomavirus are etiologic factors of genital cancers and have been recently implicated in a subset of oropharyngeal cancers. For the latter, HPV-16 is the most frequent serotype known to express the E6 and E7 oncoproteins. While vaccines are efficient to prevent HPV infection, they are not adequate for the treatment of established tumors. Then, development of innovative vaccine therapies is important for controlling HPV-induced cancers. Thus, we have studied two strategies of immunotherapy targeting E7 protein as antigen of interest. These approaches are based either on DNA vaccine, named plasma-retroVLP(pVLP), that auto-assemble in vivo into non infectious virus-like particles, or lentiviral vectors (LV) pseudotyped with a modified Sindbis virus envelop (VSG*) that target DC-SIGN, a lectin expressed by some dendritic cells (DCs). Results show the ability of pVLP to generate specific immune responses in vitro and in vivo. Using the TC-1 epithelial cells that over-express E6/E7, we demonstrated that immunizations with pVLP induced prophylactic and curative anti¬tumoral responses when tumors are at a very early stage of their development. For large established tumors, a situation more reflective of clinical settings, pVLP vaccines were efficient only when associated with TLR-4 and TLR-9 agonists. Using VSG* pseudotyped LV containing GFP or E7 genes, we provided evidence of the targeting ability of LV-GFP in vitro, and also showed the ability of LV-E7 to elicit in vitro and in vivo T cell responses. Thus, there results highlight of strategies of vaccine-based immunotherapies for the treatment of HPV-16 induced cancers
Auguste, Aviane. "Epidemiologie des cancers des voies aéro-digestives supérieures aux Antilles françaises : facteurs de risque comportementaux, viraux et environnementaux." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1B048.
Full textThe objective was to assess the potential influence of a large spectrum of risk factors on head and neck cancer (HNC) development in the French West Indies (FWI). As a first step, we used data from a cross-sectional health survey to describe the prevalence of tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking and obesity. This work highlighted significant social disparities in these risk factors in the population. We then analysed data from a population-based case-control study conducted in Martinique and Guadeloupe between 2013 and 2016, including 145 cases of HNC and 405 controls. The study revealed a high prevalence of oral infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) in the population, and a specific distribution of HPV genotypes. HPV52 was the most prevalent type and HPV16 was found in only 4% of cases. Tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking increased the risk of HNC, with a synergetic combined effect. High risk HPV (Hr-HPV) was associated with a significant increase in HNC risk, particularly in non-smokers and non-drinkers. Elevated risks of HNC were found in several occupations. A low body mass index (BMI) and family history of HNC were also associated with an increased risk of HNC. Condom use was found to decrease the risk of HNC, independently of oral HPV. In women, exposure to hormones, notably having menarche before 13, was associated with a decrease in HNC risk. Consumptions of tea, coffee, fruits and vegetables were not associated with HNC. In the population, the majority of HNC cases were attributable to tobacco smoking (62.5%) and alcohol (55.4%). About 14% of the cases were attributable to Hr-HPV, 11% to low BMI, 27% to occupation and 7% to family history of HNC. Given the predominant role of modifiable factors in HNC aetiology, there are many opportunities for prevention in this population
Mougin, Jean-Luc. "Les cancers primitifs multiples de l'oesophage et des voies aéro-digestives supérieures : réflexions à propos de 113 cas." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR1M122.
Full textLallmahamood, Nizaar. "Facteurs de retard de diagnostic et approche clinique dans la prise en charge des patients atteints des cancers des voies aéro-digestives supérieures." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC037.
Full textStarting from the meetings with patients suffering from head and neck cancer, this research shows that this disease is much more complicated that we think. Cancers are diseases with a such complexity that do not allow us to think that it is a result of factors that leeds to this disease. We can assume for example that a head and neck cancer is due to a drug addiction or a precariousness, but those two factors are not the unique reason. A lecture of the 4 cases, will highlight the psychical and physical effects of such a disease and the way we take care of those patients
Mourareau, Céline. "Bio-CAD - Etude de biomarqueurs de progression tumorale dans les cancers des voies aéro-digestives supérieures en fonction de leur statut HPV." Thesis, Reims, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REIMS029/document.
Full textEach year, 610,000 cancers are diagnosed worldwide attributed to high risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection. Although head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is mainly associated with tobacco and/or alcohol consumption, 20 to 25% are caused by HPV infection, particularly HPV type 16. Although patients with HPV+ tumors present a better overall survival, they are diagnosed with more lymph node metastasis than HPV-negative patients.Through a study of HNSCC derived cell lines, we showed that all HPV-positives cell lines harbored HPV genome integration through host genome, with different integration profiles. Cell lines identified as good HPV+ and HPV- tumors models are UPCI:SCC090 and FaDu respectively. The first one by its migratory and proliferative properties, the second through its poor aggressiveness and mutation of p53 cellular gene.In a study on a retrospective series of oropharyngeal carcinomas with surgical resection, 6 out of 40 cancers shown HPV16 active infection (expressing E6*I mRNA). We studied epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers on this oropharyngeal cancers, according to HPV status. We found a larger loss of epithelial marker E-cadherin in HPV+ group and loss of this marker is associated with a worse overall survival.We showed that HPV and EMT status seem to be two independent factors that could combine differently to define different prognostic levels
Guillet, Julie. "Les papillomavirus Humains dans les cancers des Voies Aéro-Digestives Supérieures : optimisation de méthodes de détection et étude de populations à risque." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0050/document.
Full textThe Human Papillomavirus (HPV) are involved in almost 100% of cervical cancers. Recently, HPVs have been recognized as the cause of tumors of the upper aerodigestive tract, especially of squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx. In France, the proportion of oropharyngeal HPV-related tumors is unknown, partly because viral testing is not in guidelines. Moreover, assess the proportion of HPV-positive tumors in tumor banks is difficult because the tumor samples were fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin (FFPE), which complicates detection techniques. We tested a high risk HPV detection method, indicated for liquid based pap smear, on FFPE samples. We compared this technique to the gold-standard : PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) followed by electrophoresis. Our results indicate that this technique is applicable to FFPE samples and even appears to be more sensitive. The majority of French patients (2/3) with head and neck consult with an advanced stage of disease. This is explained in part by the lack of organized screening of these cancers, contrary to breast, prostate, cervical, or colorectal cancers. But an early treatment is essential to increase the survival rate. We therefore conducted a prospective study on patients with head and neck tumors to test the oral brushing as screening cancer and HPV detection. We found tumor and/or dystrophic cells in 97.8% of patients with biopsy, and in 88.9% of patients by brushing. Compared with biopsy, our results suggested that smear has similar specificity for HPV detection in tumors (94.4%), but lower sensitivity (66.7%). This study has shown an HPV-related tumor in 12.2% of cases. Among them, we detected by brushing (in healthy area) an oral infection by high-risk HPV in 53.3% of cases. WHO has classified HPV as carcinogenic agents since 1995, and determined that patients who developed cervical cancer are six-times more likely to develop another HPV-related tumor. In this context, we have planned a multicenter prospective study to detect oral HPV infection in patients with a pre-neoplastic or neoplastic lesion of the cervix. Co-infection rate of the two anatomical sites is unknown in women infected with genital level. Insofar oral infection could be the cause of a second tumor location, it seems important to know how much women are co-infected to propose thereafter a special monitoring. The preventive vaccination, which exists against HPV 16 and 18 in the prevention of cervical cancer, is a future perspective. Because HPV 16 is found in 90% of HPV-related squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx, extending vaccine recommendations emerge as a new public health issue
Paget-Bailly, Sophie. "Facteurs de risque professionnels des cancers des voies aéro-digestives supérieures : Synthèse des données épidémiologiques et analyse d'une étude cas-témoins, l'étude Icare." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00873568.
Full textPaget-Bailly, Sophie. "Facteurs de risque professionnels des cancers des voies aéro-digestives supérieures : Synthèse des données épidémiologiques et analyse d’une étude cas-témoins, l’étude Icare." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA11T061/document.
Full textBackground: There is sufficient evidence that asbestos causes laryngeal cancer, but overall the role of occupational exposures in the etiology of head and neck cancer (HNC) remains largely unknown. Although several studies have reported associations between occupational exposures and HNC, it is difficult to draw firm conclusions. Objectives: (1) To summarize available epidemiologic data on occupational exposures and cancers of the oral cavity (OC), pharynx and larynx (the most frequent HNC); (2) using data from a large case-control study, to identify occupations and industries with an increased risk of HNC, then to investigate the role of some suspected occupational exposures (asbestos, mineral wools (MW), cement dust, silica). Methods: (1) A literature research and a series of meta-analyses were performed. (2) The Icare study is a French population-based case-control study including 2415 HNC cases and 3555 controls. Complete and detailed occupational histories were collected. Analyses by job title were conducted. Job exposure matrices, developed by the Occupational Health Department of the French Institute for Public Health Surveillance (InVS), were used to assess lifetime occupational exposure to asbestos, MW, cement dust and silica. Results: Significantly increased meta-relative risks (meta-RR) were obtained considering laryngeal cancer and exposures to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), engine exhausts, working in the textile industry and the rubber industry, and for cancer of the OC and pharynx and exposures to asbestos, PAH and engine exhausts. Significantly increased risks were found for several jobs and industries, some of them entailing exposures to agents for which meta-RR were increased. Analyses for specific occupational exposures confirmed the association between asbestos and laryngeal cancer and showed an association with the risk of oral cavity and pharyngeal cancer. An association with exposure to cement dust was also suggested. The results did not support an association between HNC risk and exposure to MW or silica. Conclusion: This work emphasizes the role of occupational exposures in HNC. Overall, our results suggest associations between HNC and exposure to asbestos, PAH, cement dust, and work in the rubber industry
Redon, Richard. "Contribution au modèle génétique de progression tumorale des cancers des voies aéro-digestives supérieures : Application de la technologie des puces à ADN au criblage génomique des tumeurs." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13105.
Full textWozny, Anne-sophie. "Mécanismes moléculaires spécifiques de la réponse aux ions carbone dans les cellules tumorales (souches et non souches) des cancers des Voies Aéro-Digestives Supérieures." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. https://n2t.net/ark:/47881/m6m044rb.
Full textHadrontherapy using carbon ions is an alternative to photon irradiation in the treatment of Head and Neck cancers, because of accurate ballistics and high biological efficiency, including hypoxic tumor areas. These cancers are of poor prognosis because of a high risk of recurrences related to the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs).The aim of this work was to determine the molecular specificities of the response to carbon ion irradiations compared to photons in two cancer cell lines and their CSCs’ subpopulation, in hypoxic and normoxic conditions. This work focused on the role of the HIF-1α protein in cell survival, since hypoxia promotes its stabilization, but also in the radioresistance; the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the detection and repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). HIF-1α is stabilized earlier in CSCs compared to non-CSCs. Its activation, as well as the EMT pathways (STAT3, MEK/p38/JNK and Akt/mTOR), are dependent on reactive oxygen species (ROS), whose production is homogeneous in response to photons. At the opposite, the ROS produced in the carbon ion tracks are insufficient to activate HIF-1α and the upstream EMT pathways. Under hypoxic conditions, a relationship has been established between HIF-1α activation and that of the DSBs detection (ATM) and repair (Rad51) pathways (Homologous Recombination). These studies demonstrate that the therapeutic advantage of carbon ions is based on the spatial ROS distribution at the nanoscale and consequently on the non-activation of key pathways involved in tumor cell defense
Righini, Christian. "Etude des altérations épigénétiques dans les cancers des voies aéro-digestives supérieures (VADS) : implication dans le diagnostic, le suivi et le pronostic des patients." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE10277.
Full textStudies in UADTs tumors biology have been performed to better understand the carcinogenesis and to find biomarkers that could have a prognostic value or an early detection benefit. In carcinogenesis of tumors of the UADTs, 2 main types of modifications have been identified at the cellular level: genetic and epigenetic alterations. Our work focused on methylation of tumor suppressor genes in tumors and saliva. Sixteen genes have thus been analyzed; we were then able to define a 6-gene methylation panel with a good correlation between results obtained in tumors and those obtained in saliva. Our results confirm the benefit of saliva analysis in cancer patients after treatment: persistence or reappearance of gene methylation precedes clinically evident tumor relapse. On the other hand, the presence of methylations in tumors has no prognostic value
Macedo, Gonzales Rodney. "Development of therapeutic vaccine strategies and pre-clinical animal tumor models for head and neck cancers." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066269/document.
Full textHead and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) associated with alcohol and tobacco consumption, and recently with human papillomavirus-16 (HPV-16), have bad prognosis despite current therapies. Development of innovative vaccine strategies and adequate pre-clinical tumor models are required to better evaluate HNSCCs. We developed a DNA vaccination that creates non-infectious virus-like particles, which express HPV-16 E7 oncoprotein (pVLP-E7). Results showed that pVLP-E7 induced an E7-specific immune response in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, using an ectopic model of HNSCC that expresses E6/E7 (TC-1), we found that pVLP-E7 intradermic (ID) immunizations induced anti-tumoral responses at early stages. For larger established tumors, pVLP-E7 vaccines were only efficient when administered with TLR-7 and TLR-9 agonists. In an orthotopic model that shares anatomical and inflammatory features with human HNSCC we observed that intra-cheek (IC) infusion of either TC-1 or NR-S1 cells into mice elicited higher numbers of inflammatory infiltrates in the tumor compared to ectopic models. Using this orthotopic IC model, we found that mucosal IC pVLP-E7 vaccination elicited better vaccine-specific CD8+ T-cell responses than ID administration in naive and tumor-bearing mice. Furthermore, pVLP-E7 IC immunizations in combination with TLR agonists led to rejection of established tumors and long-term protection, both of which were associated with E7-specific CD8+ T cell infiltration in tumors and lymph nodes. Our findings demonstrate that pVLP-E7 IC vaccination with adjuvants is efficient against these tumor models and together provides a valuable therapeutic strategy for HNSCCs
Badoual, Cécile. "Rôle pronostique des lymphocytes T CD4+CD25+ intratumoraux et analyse des mécanismes de production du CD25 soluble dans les tumeurs des voies aéro-digestives supérieures." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066467.
Full textGamelin, Erick. "Pharmacologie clinique du 5-fluorouracile et de certains sels de platine chez des patients souffrant de cancers du tractus digestif et des voies aéro-digestives supérieures." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR28484.
Full textCastelli, Joël. "Radiothérapie adaptative morphologique et métabolique des cancers ORL." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1B043/document.
Full textObjectifs: The aims of this work were (i) to evaluate the dosimetric benefit and to predict the clinical benefit of adaptive radiotherapy for head and neck cancer, regarding both toxicities and local control, (ii) to identify patients whose good candidate for an adaptive strategy, and (iii) to identify the best adaptive strategy to spare the parotid glands. Materials and methods: The dosimetric benefit was assessed using data from a phase III study evaluating the clinical benefit of an adaptive radiotherapy. Cumulated dose with and without adaptive was estimated using deformable image registration. Different methods of deformable image registration were evaluated regarding both spatial and dose estimation accuracy. Predictive model of the risk of parotid gland overdose was computed using generalized linear mixed model and cross validation by leave‐one‐out. The dosimetric benefit of numerous replanning strategies, defined by various numbers and timing of replanning, with regard to parotid gland sparing, was quantified. We performed a systematic review to evaluate the predictive value of quantitative PET parameters. The predictive value of PET intensity parameters was assessed using two independent cohorts of patients. Résultats: Without adaptive radiotherapy, 65% of the patients had a PG overdose of more than 2 Gy and 50% of the patients had a tumor underdose of more than 1 Gy. Adaptive radiotherapy allows to correct both parotid gland overdose and tumor underdose. Based on parameters calculated at the planning and at the first week of treatment, predictive models of PG overdose and tumor underdose were computed. PET parameters correlated with overall survival were identified. Using two independent cohorts of patients, a nomogram to predict survival was build and externally validated. Conclusion: Our studies showed the benefit of adaptive radiotherapy to spare the parotid glands while increasing tumor coverage. These benefits should allow to decrease the toxicities while increasing local control. Early anatomical and dosimetric parameters allow identifying patients at risk of tumor underdose or parotid gland overdose. PET performed before the treatment allows identifying patients with a high‐risk of locoregional failure and death, potentially candidates for treatment. These results justify further studies on a larger cohort of patients, ideally in phase III clinical trials
Mirghani, Haitham. "Analyse comparative du transcriptome et miRNone des cancers de l'oropharynx en fonction du statut HPV16." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066230.
Full textHead and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) represent the sixth most common form of cancer with an annual incidence of approximately 600,000 new cases worldwide. Tobacco and alcohol abuse are the traditional risk factors. Whilst the incidence of oral cavity, larynx and hypopharynx cancers is stabilizing or falling, because of a drop in tobacco consumption, those arising in the oropharynx are on the increase. This epidemiologic change has been attributed to high-risk human papillomavirus and particularly to type 16 (HPV16), which is now recognized as a causative agent in a growing subset of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCCs).HPV-induced OPSCCs represent a distinct subgroup, separate from other HNSCCs, with unique epidemiologic, clinical, pathological and molecular characteristics. They affect young patients, are highly lymphophilic and have markedly improved survival outcomes compared to those with HPV-negative HNSCC. The emergence of these cancers demands special attention, as in the coming years diagnosis, treatment and follow up in HNSCC may vary according to HPV status. However, these objectives will not be fully achieved without a better understanding of their natural history and specific oncogenic mechanisms. The goal of this work is to contribute to a better understanding of the biological basis that differentiates HPV-induced OPSCCs from their HPV-negative counterparts. To this end, we have investigated global changes in gene expression in a cohort of 38 strictly selected OPSCCs. We have identified a set of mRNA and miRNA that discriminated between OPSCCs solely according to HPV16 status. The functional analysis of these 2 sets confirms that the biological basis of OPSCCs varies according to their HPV status and consolidates at the molecular level known or suspected clinical and pathological data (e.g tumoral differentiation, lymphoid infiltrations…). This study highlights the potential role of several pathways that, once deregulated, could contribute to the development of HPV-induced OPSCC. Further investigation is required for a more comprehensive understanding of the biological properties of HPV related OPSCCs. These properties may be exploited to develop novel therapeutic agents
Ramus, Liliane. "Conception et utilisation d'atlas anatomiques pour la segmentation automatique : application à la radiothérapie des cancers ORL." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00845098.
Full textJégu, Jérémie. "Cancer ultérieur chez les survivants d'un premier cancer : incidence et impact sur la survie." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ006/document.
Full textThe objectives of this PhD thesis were: to study the trends of the risk of second primary cancer (SPC) among patients with a head and neck (HNSCC) cancer in Bas-Rhin, to provide first nationwide estimates of the risk of SPC in France and to assess the survival of patients with a HNSCC depending on their history of cancer. This work showed that : 1) The excess risk of SPC of head and neck and esophagus sites decreased by 53% over three decades among patients with a HNSCC, and that the excess risk of SPC of the lung did not change significantly. 2) The risk of SPC among cancer survivors in France was increased by 36% compared to the general population. 3) History of cancer was strongly associated with survival among HNSCC patients. Several epidemiological and clinical research perspectives can be established based on this work. These results also present an interest in a public health perspective in the framework of the third cancer plan
Pointreau, Yoann. "Etude des sources de variabilité de l'efficacité et des effets indésirables du cetuximab chez les patients traités pour un carcinome épidermoïde de la tête et du cou." Thesis, Tours, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUR3311/document.
Full textCetuximab (CTX) is an anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody approved in head and neck cancer, which prescription modalities may be improved. After induction chemotherapy (Tremplin study), compared to cisplatin, CTX was less toxic but did not improve larynx preservation. During first infusion, CTX can induce an anaphylaxis reaction due to the presence of preexisting anti-αGal IgE. Predictive assays detecting these IgE were developed and tested in 41 patients, with sensitivity and negative predictive values of 100%. Relationship between serum concentrations and efficacy/toxicity was studied in 34 patients. CTX pharmacokinetics was described using a model combining non-saturable (CL) and saturable (k0) eliminations. Global clearance, which reflects patient exposure, was related to progression free and overall (OS) survivals. Severe radiation dermatitis was also associated with OS. A pharmacokinetic simulation suggests that, in comparison to standard CTX infusion, an infusion every three weeks will lead to similar AUC but to different residual concentrations
Pervilhac, Loredana. "Facteurs de risque des cancers de la cavité orale : Analyse des données d'un étude cas-témoins en population, l'étude ICARE." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00821931.
Full textSimonet, Stéphanie. "Radiosensitizing effect of AGuIX® in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) : from cellular uptake to subcellular damage." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1042/document.
Full textHead and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma is ranked among the top ten deadliest cancers due to its high radioresistance and recurrence. One radiosensitizing strategy is the use of high-Z metal nanoparticles. In this study, ultrasmall gadolinium-based nanoparticles, AGuIX®, were used for their potential as a radiosensitizing agent. The objectives of this work were to determine the radiosensitizing conditions of AGuIX® in an HNSCC cell model, their localization after uptake, and the biological consequences generated at the subcellular level after the combined treatment. A preliminary proteomic approach was initiated in order to identify potential molecular targets involved in radiosensitization. The treatment of SQ20B cells with 0.8mM Gd for 24h resulted in a dose enhancement factor (DEF) of 1.3. AGuIX® were predominantly localized in lysosomes. The overproduction of radical oxygen species following AGuIX® + radiation was intimately involved in the radiosensitization, although largely subdued by the high level of endogenous antioxidant defenses. Autophagy was specifically triggered after the combined treatment, while other irradiation-induced cell deaths remained unchanged. The number of complex, residual double strand breaks (DSBs) was specifically increased with AGuIX® combined to radiation. Lastly, our preliminary proteomic analysis allowed the isolation of potential molecular targets with great promise. Collectively, it seems that the radiosensitizing effect observed in this work may result from a combination of events.Future work is required to understand the mechanisms linking lysosomes-entrapped AGuIX® with the upregulation of autophagic cell death after radiation
Jouan-Hureaux, Valérie. "Les thérapies ciblées anti-EGFR ont-elles un réel effet anti-angiogénique ? Etude in vitro de l'angiogenèse induite par des cellules cancéreuses des VADS traitées ou non par le Cetuximab." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10115/document.
Full textOverexpression of EGFR has a major role in the development of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and its inhibition by anti-EGFR antibodies (cetuximab) induced an anti-tumor effect but could also induce an anti-angiogenic effect. However, the effects of these agents onto angiogenesis and endothelial cells (EC) have not really been evaluated. The objective of this work is to study angiogenesis induced by mediators released by head and neck squamous carcinoma cells (Cal27, FaDu) in culture media with or without cetuximab exposure, known as conditioned media (CM). Cetuximab has no significant direct effect on EC. It induces a decrease in the secretion of VEGF by tumor cells but, paradoxically, the CM induces a pro-angiogenic effect. The analysis of the composition of the CM does not allow us to identify a key molecule responsible for this effect because cetuximab decreases the secretion of both pro- and anti-angiogenic factors by tumor cells. To explain this paradox and in agreement with the literature, we highlighted the release of microvesicles by our tumor cells (TMV), TMV which express EGFR and TF, and regulation of this release and the content of TMV after cetuximab exposure. These TMV may interact with the EC and cetuximab increases this interaction. Further characterization of TMV and studying their role in the angiogenic process in response to cetuximab will allow us in the future to understand the real activity of anti-EGFR antibodies onto angiogenesis