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Academic literature on the topic 'Candida albicans. Aspartatproteasen. Inhibitorpeptide'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Candida albicans. Aspartatproteasen. Inhibitorpeptide"
Lermann, Ulrich. "Molekulare Untersuchungen zur Regulation und Funktion der sekretierten Aspartatproteasen von Candida albicans." kostenfrei, 2008. http://www.opus-bayern.de/uni-wuerzburg/volltexte/2008/2916/.
Full textBüchold, Christian. "Synthese und Testung cis-konfigurierter Aziridine als pseudo-irreversible Inhibitoren der sekretorischen Aspartatproteasen von Candida albicans." kostenfrei, 2009. http://www.opus-bayern.de/uni-wuerzburg/volltexte/2009/3935/.
Full textDegel, Björn. "Synthese und Testung elektrophiler Verbindungen als Inhibitoren der sekretorischen Aspartat-Proteasen (SAPs) von Candida albicans." Doctoral thesis, 2006. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-18339.
Full textOver the last years fungal infections have increased dramatically and now nearly exceed the number of bacterial infections. Reasons are the massive use of antibiotics and the increasing number of surgeries. One of the most serious pathogens that causes superficial as well as severe systemic infections, which are difficult to treat without affecting the host organism, is the opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans. Due to an increase of resistances of Candida species towards antifungal drugs only a limited repertoire of drugs is available for systemic therapy. The goal of the present work was the synthesis of series of peptide inhibitors containing electrophilic building blocks as potential irreversible inhibitors of the secreted aspartic proteases (SAPs) of Candida albicans. The synthesized compounds should be tested against SAP2, which is the mostly expressed SAP-isoenzyme, and other proteases. This work should elucidate whether cis-configured epoxides can be used to irreversibly block other aspartic proteases than the HIV-1-protease and whether other small electrophilic building blocks like aziridines and electron poor Michael acceptor systems can react as irreversible inhibitors of aspartic proteases as well. Additionally, the role of the configuration of the Michael systems (Z / E) for inhibition potency should be investigated. The aziridine-2-carboxylates were obtained as racemates by Cromwell synthesis and the aziridine-2,3-dicarboxylates were synthesized stereoselectively by a chiral pool synthesis starting from tartrates. The oxirane-2-carboxylates were synthesized enantioselectively starting from threonine or were obtained as racemates by Darzens glycide ester synthesis. The oxirane-2,3-dicarboxylates were obtained by Weitz-Schäffer epoxidation of maleates with tertbutylhydroperoxide / butyllithium. The Z-configured olefinic building blocks were synthesized by reactions of alcohols or amino acids with maleinic anhydride or by Wittig and Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reactions. The electrophilic building blocks obtained by these pathways were coupled with amino acids and peptides using known methods of peptide chemistry. The compounds which were designed as irreversible aspartic protease inhibitors were tested for SAP2 inhibition using a newly-developed FRET assay. The inhibition constants (IC50-, k2nd-, ki- and Ki-values) were determined in dilution assays measuring the increase of fluorescence at 540 nm. The undecapeptide Dabcyl-Arg-Lys-Pro-Ala-Leu-Phe / Phe-Arg-Leu-Glu(EDANS)-ArgOH (/ designates the cleavage site) was used as substrate. Within the series of 41 synthesized compounds the aziridines A-07 and A-08 exhibiting k2nd-values of about 50000 M-1min-1 were found to be the most active inhibitors. With the exception of two compounds all inhibitors showed time-dependent inhibition indicating irreversible inactivation of the target enzyme. In order to elucidate the selectivity the compounds were tested against the cysteine proteases cathepsin B (human), cathepsin L (Paramecium tetraurelia) und rhodesain (Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense) using a continuous fluorometric microplate assay. In all cases, the substrate Cbz-Phe-Arg-AMC was used. With the exception of the E-configured olefin E-Ol-04 all compounds were found to be inactive against cysteine proteases. In summary, the results prove that besides the HIV-proteases other aspartic proteases like SAP2 can also be inhibited irreversibly by cis-configured epoxides. Furthermore, it is shown that cis-configured aziridines can also be used as building blocks for irreversible inhibitors of aspartic proteases, being even more active against SAP2 than corresponding epoxides. Electron poor Michael acceptor systems can also be used, but they are obviously weaker than the three-membered heterocycles. The results obtained with the olefins show that the E-configured compounds are superior to Z-configured ones. In collaboration with the group of Prof. Dr. Joachim Morschhäuser and Dr. Peter Staib (Department of Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg) it was proven that the aziridines A-07 and A-08, which are the most active inhibitors of the target enzyme, also inhibit SAP2 in Candida albicans cell cultures leading to growth inhibition without being cytotoxic against the fungi. These aziridines (A-07 and A-08) display antiplasmodial activity as well. Tests against the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum revealed for both aziridines IC50-values in the low micromolar range. The reasons for the antiplasmodial activity are uncertain at the moment: A-07 and A-08 are only weakly active against the plasmodial cysteine proteases falcipain 2 and falcipain 3 and, furthermore, they do not inhibit the parasitic aspartic protease plasmepsin II
Lermann, Ulrich [Verfasser]. "Molekulare Untersuchungen zur Regulation und Funktion der sekretierten Aspartatproteasen von Candida albicans / vorgelegt von Ulrich Lermann." 2008. http://d-nb.info/990851052/34.
Full textBüchold, Christian. "Synthese und Testung cis-konfigurierter Aziridine als pseudo-irreversible Inhibitoren der sekretorischen Aspartatproteasen von Candida albicans." Doctoral thesis, 2009. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-39358.
Full textCandida albicans is one of the most common fungal pathogens of human beings. Usually, Candida species reside as commensal organisms as part of the normal microflora, predomi-nantly colonizing the mucosal surfaces of the oral cavity, the gastrointestinal tract or the va-ginal flora. However, notably in immunosuppressed individuals, C. albicans can evolve into an opportunistic pathogen, causing superficial as well as life-threatening systemic infections with high mortality. Increasing resistances to current drug therapies demand research for new antifungal phar-maceuticals. The secreted aspartic proteases (SAP1-10), encoded by ten different sap genes, were discovered as key virulence factors and hence are considered to be potential targets for new antimycotic drugs. The goal of the present work was the improvement of the known cis-configured 3 phenyl-aziridine-2-carboxylates A-07 und A-08 as irreversible inhibitors of the SAP isoenzymes. In order to address their S3 pocket, the substituent at the aziridine-nitrogen was modified (alkyl, aryl and acyl residues). Furthermore, various amino acid esters (D, L) were included in order to improve their fit into the S1’ pocket. The cis-3-phenylaziridine-2-carboxylates were obtained as racemates via Cromwell synthesis. Amino acid and peptide coupling reactions were performed with common coupling reagents (PPA, DPPA). The stereoselective synthesis of the methylene-bridged aziridine-2-carboxylate A-10 was achieved via redox condensation according to Mukaiyama. The synthesized compounds were tested for inhibition of SAP2 by using a fluorometric FRET assay using Dabcyl-Arg-Lys-Pro-Ala-Leu-Phe-Phe-Arg-Leu-Glu(EDANS)-ArgOH as sub-strate. This substrate, designed for SAP2, was found to be also suitable for assays with SAP1, 3 & 8 and Cathepsin D. Additionally, the corresponding Km- and kcat values were determined. For the determination of the inhibition constants of the active compounds a dilution assay according to Kitz and Wilson was performed. 20 of the 46 aziridine-2-carboxylates yielded k2nd values of at least 7880 M-1min-1 against SAP2. With k2nd values between 60608 and 118582 M-1min-1, the most potent compounds were achieved with (R)-amino acids (A-28, A-31) and by cyclohexylmethyl substitution of the aziridine-nitrogen (A-43, A-45). Significantly different inhibition potencies were found for the single diastereomers of A-31, A-31a and A-31b. The inhibitors showed a time-dependent inhibition that decreased after 30 min incubation time. LC-MS and NMR studies suppose a pseudo-irreversible mechanism of inhibition: First, the inhibitor irreversibly binds to the enzyme under ring opening of the aziridine. Then the generated ester is hydrolyzed under the acidic assay conditions. The resulting amino alcohol subsequently could bind as a transition-state mimetic inhibitor to the enzyme. In selectivity studies on CathD 36 of the 46 aziridine-2-carboxylates showed k2nd values be-tween 10350 and 936544 M-1min-1. Thus, the compounds show higher activity against CathD than against SAP2. Again, the 1-cyclohexylmethyl-substituted aziridines show the highest k2nd values. However, in these cases the compounds with (R)-configured amino acid residues are the more active ones (A-57, A-59). With the (R)-Phe-substituted 1-tert-butylaziridine A-58, the most active compound reached a Ki value in the nanomolar region. Similarly to the results obtained for SAP2, the (R)-amino acid analogues to A-07 und A-08 (A-28, A-31) show higher inhibition constants. Again, the separated diastereomers A-31a and A-31b display significantly different inhibition potencies. With the (R) valin linked aziridines A-81, A-82 and A-85 a highly active group of alkyl-substituted inhibitors with branched side-chains was found
Büchold, Christian [Verfasser]. "Synthese und Testung cis-konfigurierter Aziridine als pseudo-irreversible Inhibitoren der sekretorischen Aspartatproteasen von Candida albicans / vorgelegt von Christian Büchold." 2009. http://d-nb.info/997873698/34.
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