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Journal articles on the topic 'Candida intermedia'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Ruan, Sheng-Yuan, Jung-Yien Chien, Yi-Chung Hou, and Po-Ren Hsueh. "Catheter-related fungemia caused by Candida intermedia." International Journal of Infectious Diseases 14, no. 2 (February 2010): e147-e149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2009.03.015.

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2

Moreno, Antonio D., Elia Tomás-Pejó, Lisbeth Olsson, and Cecilia Geijer. "Candida intermedia CBS 141442: A Novel Glucose/Xylose Co-Fermenting Isolate for Lignocellulosic Bioethanol Production." Energies 13, no. 20 (October 15, 2020): 5363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13205363.

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The present study describes the isolation of the novel strain Candida intermedia CBS 141442 and investigates the potential of this microorganism for the conversion of lignocellulosic streams. Different C. intermedia clones were isolated during an adaptive laboratory evolution experiment under the selection pressure of lignocellulosic hydrolysate and in strong competition with industrial, xylose-fermenting Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. Isolates showed different but stable colony and cell morphologies when growing in a solid agar medium (smooth, intermediate and complex morphology) and liquid medium (unicellular, aggregates and pseudohyphal morphology). Clones of the same morphology showed similar fermentation patterns, and the C. intermedia clone I5 (CBS 141442) was selected for further testing due to its superior capacity for xylose consumption (90% of the initial xylose concentration within 72 h) and the highest ethanol yields (0.25 ± 0.02 g ethanol/g sugars consumed). Compared to the well-known yeast Scheffersomyces stipitis, the selected strain showed slightly higher tolerance to the lignocellulosic-derived inhibitors when fermenting a wheat straw hydrolysate. Furthermore, its higher glucose consumption rates (compared to S. stipitis) and its capacity for glucose and xylose co-fermentation makes C. intermedia CBS 141442 an attractive microorganism for the conversion of lignocellulosic substrates, as demonstrated in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation processes.
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3

Gárdonyi, Márk, MÃ¥ns ÖSterberg, Carla Rodrigues, Isabel Spencer-Martins, and Bärbel Hahn-Hägerdal. "High capacity xylose transport in Candida intermedia PYCC 4715." FEMS Yeast Research 3, no. 1 (March 2003): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1567-1364.2003.tb00137.x.

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4

Huang, R., G. Q. Li, J. Zhang, L. Yang, H. J. Che, D. H. Jiang, and H. C. Huang. "Control of Postharvest Botrytis Fruit Rot of Strawberry by Volatile Organic Compounds of Candida intermedia." Phytopathology® 101, no. 7 (July 2011): 859–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-09-10-0255.

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A study was conducted to identify volatile organic compounds or volatiles produced by Candida intermedia strain C410 using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and to determine efficacy of the volatiles of C. intermedia in suppression of conidial germination and mycelial growth of Botrytis cinerea and control of Botrytis fruit rot of strawberry. Results showed that, among 49 volatiles (esters, alcohols, alkenes, alkanes, alkynes, organic acids, ketones, and aldehydes) identified from C. intermedia cultures on yeast extract peptone dextrose agar, two compounds, 1,3,5,7-cyclooctatetraene and 3-methyl-1-butanol, were the most abundant. Synthetic chemicals of 1,3,5,7-cyclooctatetraene; 3-methyl-1-butanol; 2-nonanone; pentanoic acid, 4-methyl-, ethyl ester; 3-methyl-1-butanol, acetate; acetic acid, pentyl ester; and hexanoic acid, ethyl ester were highly inhibitory to conidial germination and mycelial growth of B. cinerea. Inhibition of conidial germination and mycelial growth of B. cinerea by volatiles of C. intermedia was also observed. Meanwhile, results showed that incidence and severity of Botrytis fruit rot of strawberry was significantly (P < 0.01) reduced by exposure of the strawberry fruit to the volatiles from C. intermedia cultures or C. intermedia-infested strawberry fruit. These results suggest that the volatiles of C. intermedia C410 are promising biofumigants for control of Botrytis fruit rot of strawberry.
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5

Jurado-Martín, Irene, Cristina Marcos-Arias, Esther Tamayo, Andrea Guridi, Piet W. J. de Groot, Guillermo Quindós, and Elena Eraso. "Candida duobushaemulonii: An Old But Unreported Pathogen." Journal of Fungi 6, no. 4 (December 17, 2020): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof6040374.

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Candidiasis caused by species of the Candida haemulonii complex (Candida haemulonii and Candida duobushaemulonii) and closely related species, Candida auris and Candida pseudohaemulonii are increasing. These species often show reduced susceptibility to antifungal drugs, such as azoles and amphotericin B or, less frequently, echinocandins. However, conventional phenotypic identification methods are unable to accurately differentiate these species and, therefore, their prevalence may have been underestimated. In this study, 150 isolates that were probably misidentified were reanalyzed using two novel PCR approaches. We found that one isolate previously identified in 1996 as Candida intermedia was C. duobushaemulonii, being one of the oldest isolates of this species described to date. We also found that this isolate had reduced susceptibility to fluconazole, itraconazole, and amphotericin B.
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6

SUTHERLAND, JOHN B., LISA A. TANNER, JENNIFER D. MOORE, JAMES P. FREEMAN, JOANNA DECK, and ANNA J. WILLIAMS. "Conversion of Ferulic Acid to 4-Vinylguaiacol by Yeasts Isolated from Frozen Concentrated Orange Juice." Journal of Food Protection 58, no. 11 (November 1, 1995): 1260–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-58.11.1260.

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Yeasts were isolated from frozen concentrated orange juice, grown in Sabouraud dextrose broth at 25°C, and tested for the ability to cometabolize ferulic acid. Strains of Rhodotorula sp., Candida lambica, Trichosporon pullulans, and Candida intermedia decarboxylated ferulic acid nonoxidatively to an off-flavor compound, 4-vinylguaiacol. By decarboxylating naturally occurring ferulic acid, these and other yeasts have the potential to contribute to off flavors in improperly stored fruit juices.
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7

Loureiro-Dias, M. C. "Glucose and Polyol Transport Systems in Candida intermedia and their Regulation." Microbiology 133, no. 10 (October 1, 1987): 2737–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00221287-133-10-2737.

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8

Neves, Kilma Cristiane Silva, Ana Lúcia Figueiredo Porto, and Maria Francisca Simas Teixeira. "Seleção de leveduras da Região Amazônica para produção de protease extracelular." Acta Amazonica 36, no. 3 (2006): 299–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0044-59672006000300002.

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O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar 50 leveduras isoladas a partir de diferentes substratos da Região Amazônica e selecionar uma espécie de maior atividade proteolítica. Entre as 26 espécies identificadas predominaram Candida aquatica (12%) e Candida tropicalis (10%). A fermentação submersa foi realizada em Extrato de Malte suplementado com gelatina 1%, Candida intermedia foi a que expressou maior atividade proteolítica, halo = 25 mm e 273 U/mL, crescimento máximo a 30 ºC, viabilidade celular 6,2 x 10(6) UFC, em 48 horas, não demonstrou características de patogenicidade e a melhor densidade do inóculo foi 3%, utilizando-se culturas com 24 horas de crescimento em ágar Malte.
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9

UTYUZH, A., D. NIKOLENKO, A. YUMASHEV, I. VOLCHKOVA, and V. SAMUSENKOV. "ADHESION OF PERIODONTAL PATHOGENS TO MATERIALS USED FOR LONG-TERM TEMPORARY CROWNS." Periódico Tchê Química 16, no. 33 (March 20, 2019): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v16.n33.2019.75_periodico33_pgs_60_69.pdf.

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Provisional crowns are widely used in prosthodontic treatment in dentistry, and new materials for temporary crowns, including polyetheretherketone, have emerged, which have high-quality requirements for use in long-term temporary prosthetics. Of particular importance in prosthetics are the features of adhesion of pathogenic oral microflora to orthodontic structures. This study evaluated the adhesion of cariogenic and pathogenic periodontal bacterial flora and Candida species to unpolished and polished Dentokeep polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polished polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) material (Re-Fine Acrylic), and hotcuring acrylic plastic ─ a powder-liquid type, where the powder is a suspension graft fluorine-containing copolymer, and the liquid is a mixture of acrylic monomers, and oligomers─(Sinma-M) recommended for manufacturing long-term temporary crowns. The effect of polishing or un-polishing the study material on the adhesion of various microorganisms was studied. Polishing of Dentokeep PEEK significantly influenced primary adhesion. Microbial adhesion to sample materials was studied using ultrasonic cavitation. Adhesion of microorganisms to each material was categorized as low (0–0.27), moderate (0.28–0.69), or high (0.70–1). Streptococcus sanguinis, Prevotella intermedia, and Candida albicans adhered moderately to unpolished Dentokeep PEEK, whereas Porphyromonas gingivalis and Candida krusei were highly adherent. Candida species and P. intermedia pathogenic periodontal strain moderately adhered to polished Dentokeep PEEK, whereas S. sanguinis and P. gingivalis were highly adherent. Temporary crowns require additional hygienic measures to eradicate cariogenic (acidogenic), pathogenic periodontal, and fungal microbiota and maintain the normal qualitative and quantitative composition of oral microbiocenosis during prosthodontic treatment. In conclusion, PEEK is a promising material for the manufacture of long-term temporary crowns.
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10

Nakase, Takashi, Sasitorn Jindamorakot, Somit Am-In, Ching-Fu Lee, Yumi Imanishi, and Savitree Limtong. "Three novel species of the anamorphic yeast genus Candida in the Candida intermedia clade found in Japan, Thailand and Taiwan." Journal of General and Applied Microbiology 57, no. 2 (2011): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2323/jgam.57.73.

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11

Stavrou, Aimilia A., Antonio Pérez-Hansen, Michaela Lackner, Cornelia Lass-Flörl, and Teun Boekhout. "Elevated minimum inhibitory concentrations to antifungal drugs prevail in 14 rare species of candidemia-causing Saccharomycotina yeasts." Medical Mycology 58, no. 7 (February 10, 2020): 987–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myaa005.

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Abstract Antifungal susceptibility profiles of rare Saccharomycotina yeasts remain missing, even though an increase in prevalence of such rare Candida species was reported in candidemia. Majority of these rare yeast species carry intrinsic resistances against at least one antifungal compound. Some species are known to be cross-resistant (against multiple drugs of the same drug class) or even multi-drug resistant (against multiple drugs of different drug classes). We performed antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST) according to EUCAST broth microdilution for 14 rare species (Clavispora lusitaniae, Candida intermedia, Candida auris, Diutina rugosa, Wickerhamiella pararugosa, Yarrowia lipolytica, Pichia norvegensis, Candida nivariensis, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Candida palmioleophila, Meyerozyma guilliermondii, Meyerozyma caribbica, and Debaryomyces hansenii) known to cause candidemia. In total, 234 isolates were tested for amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, anidulafungin, micafungin, and caspofungin. Amphothericin B had the broadest efficiency against the 14 tested rare yeast species, while high minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against azole drugs and echinocandins were common. Voriconazole was the most efficient azole drug. Multidrug resistance was observed for the species C. auris and K. marxianus. Multidrug resistant individual isolates were found for Y. lipolytica and M. caribbica. In conclusion, the observed high MIC values of the rare Saccharomycotina species tested limit antifungal treatment options, complicating the management of such infections.
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12

Beltrán-Arredondo, Laura Ivonne, Sandy Rocío Hernández-Leyva, Ignacio Eduardo Maldonado-Mendoza, Cuauhtémoc Reyes-Moreno, Ignacio Contreras-Andrade, and Claudia Castro-Martínez. "Valorisation of agroindustrial residues acid hydrolyzates as carbon sources for ethanol production by native yeast strains with different fermentative capabilities//Valorización de hidrolizados ácidos de residuos agroindustriales como fuente de carbono para la producción de etanol por levaduras nativas con capacidades fermentativas diferentes." Biotecnia 22, no. 2 (March 21, 2020): 78–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.18633/biotecnia.v22i2.1248.

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A profitable, second-generation (2G) bioethanol production process requires the use of the maximum amountof sugars present in the lignocellulosic biomass; among them are those obtained from hemicellulose hydrolysis. An alternative is the search and kinetic characterization of yeasts capable of fermenting xylose to ethanol. In this study, 161 yeasts were isolated from agroindustrial residues, and selected according to best growth in glucose and xylose. Five strains belonging to the genera Candida (C. intermedia and C. parapsilosis), and Wickerhamomyces (W. anomalus) were molecularly identified. The kinetic parameters indicate that C. intermedia CBE002 had the best biomass yield in glucose and xylose (0.21 and 0.35 g/g of substrate), maximum specific growth rate (0.15 and 0.12 h-1) and metabolized both sugars simultaneously, desirable characteristics and rarely found together in other yeasts. Bioethanol production was made possible by C. intermedia (CBE002) from acid hydrolysates of corn stover and mango residues, with yields of 0.31 and 0.26 g/g of substrate, respectively. From the results obtained, this yeast is an attractive candidate to be used in bioethanol 2G production, and to take advantage of the large amount of agroindustrial residues available.RESUMENUn proceso de producción de bioetanol de segunda generación (2G) rentable, requiere el uso del máximo número de azúcares presentes en la biomasa lignocelulósica, como son los obtenidos por hidrólisis de hemicelulosa; para obtenerlo, una alternativa es encontrar levaduras capaces de fermentar eficientemente xilosa a etanol. En el presente trabajo se realizó el aislamiento de 161 levaduras a partir de residuos agroindustriales, se evaluó su capacidad de crecimiento en glucosa y xilosa. Se seleccionaron e identificaron molecularmente cinco de estas cepas pertenecientes a los géneros Candida (C. intermedia, C. parapsilosis) y Wickerhamomyces (W. anomalus). Los parámetros cinéticos demostraron que C. intermedia CBE002 obtuvo el mejor rendimiento de biomasa en glucosa y xilosa (0.21 y 0.35 g/g), la máxima velocidad específica de crecimiento (0.15 y 0.12 h-1) y fue capaz de metabolizar ambos azúcares simultáneamente, característica deseable y poco encontrada en otras levaduras. Fue posible la producción de bioetanol por C. intermedia CBE002 a partir de hidrolizados ácidos de rastrojo de maíz y residuos de mango, con rendimientos de 0.31 y 0.26 g/g de sustrato, respectivamente. Por lo anterior, esta levadura es atractiva para ser empleada en la producción de bioetanol 2G y aprovechar la gran cantidad de residuos agroindustriales disponibles.
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13

Carbone, Claudia, Maria do Céu Teixeira, Maria do Céu Sousa, Carlos Martins-Gomes, Amelia M. Silva, Eliana Maria Barbosa Souto, and Teresa Musumeci. "Clotrimazole-Loaded Mediterranean Essential Oils NLC: A Synergic Treatment of Candida Skin Infections." Pharmaceutics 11, no. 5 (May 13, 2019): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11050231.

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The increasing development of resistance of Candida species to traditional drugs represents a great challenge to the medical field for the treatment of skin infections. Essential oils were recently proposed to increase drug effectiveness. Herein, we developed and optimized (23 full factorial design) Mediterranean essential oil (Rosmarinus officinalis, Lavandula x intermedia “Sumian”, Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum) lipid nanoparticles for clotrimazole delivery, exploring the potential synergistic effects against Candida spp. Small sized nanoparticles (<100 nm) with a very broad size distribution (PDI < 0.15) and long-term stability were successfully prepared. Results of the in vitro biosafety on HaCaT (normal cell line) and A431 (tumoral cell line), allowed us to select Lavandula and Rosmarinus as anti-proliferative agents with the potential to be used as co-adjuvants in the treatment of non-tumoral proliferative dermal diseases. Results of calorimetric studies on biomembrane models, confirmed the potential antimicrobial activity of the selected oils due to their interaction with membrane permeabilization. Nanoparticles provided a prolonged in vitro release of clotrimazole. In vitro studies against Candida albicans, Candida krusei and Candida parapsilosis, showed an increase of the antifungal activity of clotrimazole-loaded nanoparticles prepared with Lavandula or Rosmarinus, thus confirming nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) containing Mediterranean essential oils represent a promising strategy to improve drug effectiveness against topical candidiasis.
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Potapchuk, Anatoliy M., Vasyl M. Almashi, Igor Ya Lomnitsky, Vitaliy V. Rusyn, and Viktoria Hegedush. "THE USE OF PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF DENTAL CARIES IN CHILDREN OF CONTAMINATED AREAS OF THE ECOSYSTEM OF THE UPPER TYSA REGION." Wiadomości Lekarskie 73, no. 3 (2020): 483–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek202003114.

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The aim: improving the effectiveness of treatment of dental caries in children using the method of photodynamic therapy. Materials and methods: The treatment of permanent tooth decay was performed in 35 children of the Upper Tysa region aged 12-15 years. Using the polymerase chain reaction method, the clinical efficacy of photodynamic therapy in the treatment of dentin caries was determined. Results: During the study, by PCR analysis, dentin caries most commonly revealed genetic markers of DNA of the five most virulent anaerobic bacteria: Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium spp., Enterococcus Faecalis, Veilonella spp., Candida albicans. After treatment of the carious cavity by the method of photodynamic therapy with exposure of 30 s – fusobacterium spp. were not detected, the detection rate of prevotella intermedia decreased 3-fold, enterococcus faecalis 3.5-fold, veilonella spp.- 5-fold, and candida albicans- 8-fold; after treatment with carious cavities with 60 s exposure – anaerobic microorganisms were not detected in the investigated samples. The effect of photodynamic therapy with laser exposure of 60 seconds on caries-causing streptococci resulted in their total death, and with exposure of 30 seconds – the frequency of isolated strains decreased several folds. Conclusions: The use of photodynamic therapy in the treatment of dentine caries is a highly effective and pathogenetically sound method of treatment that provides a significant reduction in the optional and obligate types of cariesogenic microorganisms.
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15

Di Vito, Maura, Antonina Smolka, Maria Rita Proto, Lorenzo Barbanti, Fabrizio Gelmini, Edoardo Napoli, Maria Grazia Bellardi, et al. "Is the Antimicrobial Activity of Hydrolates Lower than That of Essential Oils?" Antibiotics 10, no. 1 (January 18, 2021): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10010088.

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Among the top five human infections requiring medical treatment is dermatitis. Treatment of bacterial and fungal skin infections is usually based on antibiotic therapy, which is often ineffective due to the involvement of antibiotic-resistant microbial strains. The aim of this study was to compare the antimicrobial activity of essential oils (EOs) and hydrolates (Hys) extracted from six aromatic plants grown in Italy (Lavandula angustifolia, Lavandula intermedia, Origanum hirtum, Satureja montana, Monarda didyma, and Monarda fistulosa) towards fungal (Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, Candida glabrata and Candida tropicalis; Trichophyton soudanense, Trichophyton tonsurans, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton violaceum and Microsporum canis) and bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus MRSA, Staphylococcus aureus MSSA, Streptococcus pyogenes, E. faecalis, Enterococcus faecalis VRE, and Enterococcus faecium) potentially pathogenic for human skin. The composition and antimicrobial activity of EOs and Hys were evaluated using the Gas-chromatography mass spectrometry and micro dilution-broth test, respectively. The volatiles’ conversion factors (CFs) were calculated to compare the activity of Hys with that of the corresponding EOs. Data show that, although the minimum inhibitory concentration values of EOs are lower than the corresponding Hys, the volatiles contained in Hys are more effective at inhibiting microbial growth because they are active at lower concentrations.
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16

Peña, Rubén, Jeniffer Vílches, Camila G.-Poblete, and María Angélica Ganga. "Effect of Candida intermedia LAMAP1790 Antimicrobial Peptides against Wine-Spoilage Yeasts Brettanomyces bruxellensis and Pichia guilliermondii." Fermentation 6, no. 3 (July 1, 2020): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation6030065.

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Wine spoilage yeasts are one of the main issues in the winemaking industry, and the control of the Brettanomyces and Pichia genus is an important goal to reduce economic loses from undesired aromatic profiles. Previous studies have demonstrated that Candida intermedia LAMAP1790 produces antimicrobial peptides of molecular mass under 10 kDa with fungicide activity against Brettanomyces bruxellensis, without affecting the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. So far, it has not been determined whether these peptides show biocontroller effect in this yeast or other spoilage yeasts, such as Pichia guilliermondii. In this work, we determined that the exposure of B. bruxellensis to the low-mass peptides contained in the culture supernatant of C. intermedia LAMAP1790 produces a continuous rise of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in this yeast, without presenting a significant effect on membrane damage. These observations can give an approach to the antifungal mechanism. In addition, we described a fungicide activity of these peptides fraction against two strains of P. guilliermondii in a laboratory medium. However, carrying out assays on synthetic must, peptides must show an effect on the growth of B. bruxellensis. Moreover, these results can be considered as a start to develop new strategies for the biocontrol of spoilage yeast.
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Grevenstuk, Tomás, Sandra Gonçalves, Sara Almeida, Natacha Coelho, Célia Quintas, Maria Nelma Gaspar, and Anabela Romano. "Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of in vitro Cultured Drosera intermedia Extracts." Natural Product Communications 4, no. 8 (August 2009): 1934578X0900400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0900400809.

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Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of the methanol, water and n-hexane extracts of Drosera intermedia, determined by the Folin-Ciocalteau (F-C), trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and oxygen radical antioxidant capacity (ORAC) assays showed that the methanol extract had the highest antioxidant activity (F-C: 378.6 ± 31.5 μmolGAE/mgextract; TEAC: 332.2 ± 29.1 μmolTE/mgextract; ORAC: 64.7 ± 7.8 μmolTE/mgextract). Antimicrobial activity was tested against seven bacterial and eight yeast strains using the agar diffusion assay, followed by the determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). All tested D. intermedia extracts demonstrated strong antimicrobial properties with a broad spectrum of activity. However, the n-hexane extract exhibited much greater activity than water and methanol extracts. The most susceptible microorganisms to the n-hexane extract were Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 and Candida albicans YP0175, for which a MIC value of 13.0 μg/mL was scored.
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Jabra-Rizk, Mary Ann, William A. Falkler, William G. Merz, Jacqueline I. Kelley, A. A. M. A. Baqui, and Timothy F. Meiller. "Coaggregation of Candida dubliniensiswith Fusobacterium nucleatum." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37, no. 5 (1999): 1464–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.37.5.1464-1468.1999.

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The binding of microorganisms to each other and oral surfaces contributes to the progression of microbial infections in the oral cavity. Candida dubliniensis, a newly characterized species, has been identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients and other immunocompromised individuals.C. dubliniensis phenotypically resembles Candida albicans in many respects yet can be identified and differentiated as a unique Candida species by phenotypic and genetic profiles. The purpose of this study was to determine oral coaggregation (CoAg) partners of C. dubliniensis and to compare these findings with CoAg of C. albicansunder the same environmental conditions. Fifteen isolates ofC. dubliniensis and 40 isolates of C. albicans were tested for their ability to coaggregate with strains of Fusobacterium nucleatum,Peptostreptococcus micros, Peptostreptococcus magnus, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius,Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Prevotella intermedia. When C. dubliniensis andC. albicans strains were grown at 37°C on Sabouraud dextrose agar, only C. dubliniensis strains coaggregated with F. nucleatum ATCC 49256 and noC. albicans strains showed CoAg. However, when theC. dubliniensis and C. albicansstrains were grown at 25 or 45°C, both C. dubliniensis and C. albicans strains demonstrated CoAg with F. nucleatum. Heating theC. albicans strains (grown at 37°C) at 85°C for 30 min or treating them with dithiothreitol allowed the C. albicans strains grown at 37°C to coaggregate withF. nucleatum. CoAg at all growth temperatures was inhibited by mannose and α-methyl mannoside but not by EDTA or arginine. The CoAg reaction between F. nucleatum and the Candida species involved a heat-labile component onF. nucleatum and a mannan-containing heat-stable receptor on the Candida species. The CoAg reactions betweenF. nucleatum and the Candida species may be important in the colonization of the yeast in the oral cavity, and the CoAg of C. dubliniensis by F. nucleatum when grown at 37°C provides a rapid, specific, and inexpensive means to differentiate C. dubliniensisfrom C. albicans isolates in the clinical laboratory.
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19

Leclerc, M. "Selection and study of mutants of Dekkera intermedia and Candida wickerhamii derepressed for β-glucosidase production." FEMS Microbiology Letters 30, no. 3 (December 1985): 389–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1097(85)90346-5.

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20

Moreno, Antonio D., Antonella Carbone, Rosita Pavone, Lisbeth Olsson, and Cecilia Geijer. "Evolutionary engineered Candida intermedia exhibits improved xylose utilization and robustness to lignocellulose-derived inhibitors and ethanol." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 103, no. 3 (November 29, 2018): 1405–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-018-9528-x.

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21

Peña, Rubén, and María Angélica Ganga. "Novel antimicrobial peptides produced by Candida intermedia LAMAP1790 active against the wine-spoilage yeast Brettanomyces bruxellensis." Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 112, no. 2 (September 5, 2018): 297–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10482-018-1159-9.

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22

Hasejima, Nobuchika, Minako Matsubayashi, Rie Kawabe, Chie Shimura, Naoya Hijikata, Toshimi Oda, Hidekazu Matsushima, and Katsuhiko Kamei. "The first case of bloodstream infection by Candida intermedia in Japan: the importance of molecular identification." Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy 17, no. 4 (2011): 555–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10156-011-0215-4.

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23

Peña, Rubén, Renato Chávez, Arturo Rodríguez, and María Ganga. "A Control Alternative for the Hidden Enemy in the Wine Cellar." Fermentation 5, no. 1 (March 6, 2019): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation5010025.

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Brettanomyces bruxellensis has been described as the principal spoilage yeast in the winemaking industry. To avoid its growth, wine is supplemented with SO2, which has been questioned due to its potential harm to health. For this reason, studies are being focused on searching for, ideally, natural new antifungals. On the other hand, it is known that in wine production there are a variety of microorganisms, such as yeasts and bacteria, that are possible biological controls. Thus, it has been described that some microorganisms produce antimicrobial peptides, which might control yeast and bacteria populations. Our laboratory has described the Candida intermedia LAMAP1790 strain as a natural producer of antimicrobial compounds against food spoilage microorganisms, as is B. bruxellensis, without affecting the growth of S. cerevisiae. We have demonstrated the proteinaceous nature of the antimicrobial compound and its low molecular mass (under 10 kDa). This is the first step to the possible use of C. intermedia as a selective bio-controller of the contaminant yeast in the winemaking industry.
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Akca, A. Eralp, Gülçin Akca, Fulya Toksoy Topçu, Enis Macit, Levent Pikdöken, and I. Şerif Özgen. "The Comparative Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Effect of Propolis with Chlorhexidine against Oral Pathogens: An In Vitro Study." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3627463.

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This study aimed to compare the antimicrobial effectiveness of ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) to chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) on planktonicStreptococcus mutans,Streptococcus sobrinus,Lactobacillus acidophilus,Lactobacillus salivariussubsp.salivarius,Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans,Prevotella intermedia,Porphyromonas gingivalis,Staphylococcus aureus,Enterococcus faecalis,Actinomyces israelii,Candida albicans, and their single-species biofilms by agar dilution and broth microdilution test methods. Both agents inhibited the growth of all planktonic species. On the other hand, CHX exhibited lower minimum bactericidal concentrations than EEP against biofilms ofA. actinomycetemcomitans,S. aureus, andE. faecaliswhereas EEP yielded a better result against Lactobacilli andP. intermedia. The bactericidal and fungicidal concentrations of both agents were found to be equal against biofilms of Streptecocci,P. gingivalis,A. israelii, andC. albicans. The results of this study revealed that propolis was more effective in inhibiting Gram-positive bacteria than the Gram-negative bacteria in their planktonic state and it was suggested that EEP could be as effective as CHX on oral microorganisms in their biofilm state.
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Parida, Amrita, Salman Siddeeqh, Maji Jose, and Manju V. "ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECTS OF OCIMUM SANCTUM ON ORAL MICROBES." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 5 (May 1, 2018): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i5.23623.

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Objective: Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) of the Lamiaceae family has been used since centuries for its medicinal properties. Tulsi powder has been utilized for cleaning tooth and is known to be effective in maintaining oral hygiene. Although the medical usefulness of tulsi is investigated extensively, its effectiveness in treating oral diseases is not yet established, and only a few studies are available in the literature regarding this aspect. Therefore, in the current study, the antimicrobial activity of alcoholic extract of tulsi on oral microbes was explored.Methods: Ethanolic extract was obtained from the leaves of O. sanctum (tulsi) using the Soxhlet apparatus. The concentration of 400 μg/ml was chosen to test the antimicrobial properties against common oral microbes such as Prevotella intermedia, Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus mitis, and Peptostreptococcus using agar well diffusion and broth dilution method. Chlorhexidine was a positive control. To compare and correlate the results, Mann–Whitney U-test was applied.Results: The ethanolic extract at a concentration of 400 μg/ml showed an inhibitory effect against Streptococcus and Streptococcus with an inhibitory zone of 7.33 mm each. The extract was found to be effective against P. intermedia and Peptostreptococcus. It was also effective against candida (zone of inhibition was 10.67 mm). However, no inhibitory effect was seen on Lactobacillus.Conclusion: O. sanctum extract was found to have inhibitory effects on oral microbes, and hence, pharmaceutical formulations prepared from tulsi extracts could have a potential to be used as a part of routine dental hygiene.
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Runquist, D., C. Fonseca, P. Rådström, I. Spencer-Martins, and B. Hahn-Hägerdal. "Expression of the Gxf1 transporter from Candida intermedia improves fermentation performance in recombinant xylose-utilizing Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 82, no. 1 (February 2009): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-008-1773-y.

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Mayr, Peter, Kaspar Brüggler, Klaus D. Kulbe, and Bernd Nidetzky. "d-Xylose metabolism by Candida intermedia: isolation and characterisation of two forms of aldose reductase with different coenzyme specificities." Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 737, no. 1-2 (January 2000): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4347(99)00380-1.

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Leandro, Maria José, Paula Gonçalves, and Isabel Spencer-Martins. "Two glucose/xylose transporter genes from the yeast Candida intermedia: first molecular characterization of a yeast xylose–H+ symporter." Biochemical Journal 395, no. 3 (April 11, 2006): 543–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20051465.

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Candida intermedia PYCC 4715 was previously shown to grow well on xylose and to transport this sugar by two different transport systems: high-capacity and low-affinity facilitated diffusion and a high-affinity xylose–proton symporter, both of which accept glucose as a substrate. Here we report the isolation of genes encoding both transporters, designated GXF1 (glucose/xylose facilitator 1) and GXS1 (glucose/xylose symporter 1) respectively. Although GXF1 was isolated by functional complementation of an HXT-null (where Hxt refers to hexose transporters) Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain, isolation of the GXS1 cDNA required partial purification and micro-sequencing of the transporter, identified by its relative abundance in cells grown on low xylose concentrations. Both genes were expressed in S. cerevisiae and the kinetic parameters of glucose and xylose transport were determined. Gxs1 is the first yeast xylose/glucose–H+ symporter to be characterized at the molecular level. Comparison of its amino acid sequence with available sequence data revealed the existence of a family of putative monosaccharide–H+ symporters encompassing proteins from several yeasts and filamentous fungi.
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Wu, Jiaqiang, Jinlong Hu, Shumiao Zhao, Mingxiong He, Guoquan Hu, Xiangyang Ge, and Nan Peng. "Single-cell Protein and Xylitol Production by a Novel Yeast Strain Candida intermedia FL023 from Lignocellulosic Hydrolysates and Xylose." Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 185, no. 1 (November 2, 2017): 163–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12010-017-2644-8.

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Corbett, Kereng M., and Olga de Smidt. "Culture-dependent diversity profiling of spoilage yeasts species by PCR-RFLP comparative analysis." Food Science and Technology International 25, no. 8 (July 4, 2019): 671–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1082013219856779.

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Spoilage caused by yeasts is a constant, widespread problem in the beverage industry that can result in major economic losses. Fruit juices provide an environment that allows the proliferation of yeast. Some factories in South Africa are not equipped with laboratory facilities to identify spoilage yeasts and outsourcing becomes a prolonged process which obstructs corrective action planning. This study aimed to establish yeast diversity and apply a rapid method for preliminary identification of spoilage yeasts associated with a small-scale fruit juice bottling factory. Yeast population in the factory was determined by isolation from the production environment, process equipment and spoiled products. PCR-RFLP analysis targeting the 5.8S-ITS region and D1/D2 sequencing was used for identification. A total of 207 yeasts belonging to 10 different genera ( Candida, Lodderomyces, Wickerhamomyces, Yarrowia, Zygosaccharomyces, Zygoascus, Cryptococcus, Filobasidium, Rhodotorula/Cystobasidium and Trichosporon) were isolated and identified from the production environment and processing equipment. Candida intermedia, C. parapsilosis and Lodderomyces elongisporus were widely distributed in the factory. Zygosaccharomyces bailii, Z. bisporus, Zygoascus hellenicus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were isolated from the spoiled products. The data provided a yeast control panel that was used successfully to identify unknown yeasts in spoiled products from this factory using polymerase chain reaction-restriction length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) comparative analysis.
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Hashem, Mohamed, Saad A. Alamri, Tahani A. Y. Asseri, Yasser S. Mostafa, Gerasimos Lyberatos, and Ioanna Ntaikou. "On the Optimization of Fermentation Conditions for Enhanced Bioethanol Yields from Starchy Biowaste via Yeast Co-Cultures." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 9, 2021): 1890. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13041890.

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The present study aims to assess the impact of the type of yeast consortium used during bioethanol production from starchy biowastes and to determine the optimal fermentation conditions for enhanced bioethanol production. Three different yeast strains, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pichia barkeri, and Candida intermedia were used in mono- and co-cultures with pretreated waste-rice as substrate. The optimization of fermentation conditions i.e., fermentation time, temperature, pH, and inoculum size, was investigated in small-scale batch cultures and subsequently, the optimal conditions were applied for scaling-up and validation of the process in a 7-L fermenter. It was shown that co-culturing of yeasts either in couples or triples significantly enhanced the fermentation efficiency of the process, with ethanol yield reaching 167.80 ± 0.49 g/kg of biowaste during experiments in the fermenter.
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Shirokova, A. V., A. Yu Turkina, and Yuriy Olegovich Paramonov. "SYNTHETIC LACTOFERRIN IN DENTAL DISEASES PREVENTION AND TREATMENT: CURRENT TRENDS AND PERSPECTIVES." Russian Journal of Dentistry 23, no. 2 (April 15, 2019): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/1728-2802-2019-23-2-84-90.

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The current trend in dental science is to develop novel approaches to the treatment of dental diseases. More often the body’s own proteins are being used, as well as lactoferrin that is the component of exocrine glands secretions. At present lactoferrin can be obtained biotechnologically. Lactoferrin is one of the innate immune system components and is a multifunctional glycoprotein from the transferrin family. This protein is capable of iron binding and thus deprives the microbiota of essential microelement. It’s efficacy against Str. mutans, A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. Gingivalis, P. Intermedia, Candida albicans was demonstrated. Lactoferrin is active against cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and C virus. Immunomodulatory possibilities of lactoferrin have been shown. In dentistry recombinant lactoferrin is successfully applied in treatment of periodontal diseases, oral mucosa lesions of bacterial, viral and fungal etiology and also in dental caries prevention.
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Saito, Masaru, Hiroshi Nagasaki, Shigeyuki Watanabe, and Takanori Fujimoto. "Ethanol Production from Sugars in Hydrolysates of Cellulosic Biomass Resources with Xylose-fermenting Yeast Candida intermedia 4-6-4T2." Journal of the Japan Petroleum Institute 60, no. 3 (May 1, 2017): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1627/jpi.60.127.

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Stojković, Dejan, Marina Kostić, Marija Smiljković, Milena Aleksić, Perica Vasiljević, Miloš Nikolić, and Marina Soković. "Linking Antimicrobial Potential of Natural Products Derived from Aquatic Organisms and Microbes Involved in Alzheimer’s Disease - A Review." Current Medicinal Chemistry 27, no. 26 (July 23, 2020): 4372–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867325666180309103645.

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The following review is oriented towards microbes linked to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and antimicrobial effect of compounds and extracts derived from aquatic organisms against specific bacteria, fungi and viruses which were found previously in patients suffering from AD. Major group of microbes linked to AD include bacteria: Chlamydia pneumoniae, Helicobacter pylori, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Actinomyces naeslundii, spirochete group; fungi: Candida sp., Cryptococcus sp., Saccharomyces sp., Malassezia sp., Botrytis sp., and viruses: herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), Human cytomegalovirus (CMV), hepatitis C virus (HCV). In the light of that fact, this review is the first to link antimicrobial potential of aquatic organisms against these sorts of microbes. This literature review might serve as a starting platform to develop novel supportive therapy for patients suffering from AD and to possibly prevent escalation of the disease in patients already having high-risk factors for AD occurrence.
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ROHM, HARALD, FRIEDA LECHNER, and MARIETTA LEHNER. "Microflora of Austrian Natural-Set Yogurt." Journal of Food Protection 53, no. 6 (June 1, 1990): 478–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-53.6.478.

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Randomly selected Austrian natural-set yogurts were examined for storage-induced changes in the populations of viable yogurt starter organisms and microbial contaminants. Typically, numbers of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus remained above 108 cfu/g in yogurt stored at 10°C until the sell-by-date (15–20 d after manufacture). Both elevated storage temperature and storage periods markedly reduced the survival of yogurt starter bacteria. Depending on the sample origin, the yeast populations increased from less than 10/g to above 106/g when yogurts were stored at 10°C until the sell-by-date. The isolated yeasts were identified as Candida inconspicua, C. intermedia, C. parapsilosis, C. rugosa, C. tropicalis, C. zeylanoides, Debaryomyces hansenii, Metschnikowia reukauffii, Pichia guilliermondii, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Torulaspora delbrueckii, Trichosporon beigelii, and Yarrowia lipolytica. While a few out of 233 isolates were found to assimilate lactose, none were able to ferment lactose.
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Goerges, Stefanie, Ulrike Aigner, Barbara Silakowski, and Siegfried Scherer. "Inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes by Food-Borne Yeasts." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 1 (January 2006): 313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.72.1.313-318.2006.

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ABSTRACT Many bacteria are known to inhibit food pathogens, such as Listeria monocytogenes, by secreting a variety of bactericidal and bacteriostatic substances. In sharp contrast, it is unknown whether yeast has an inhibitory potential for the growth of pathogenic bacteria in food. A total of 404 yeasts were screened for inhibitory activity against five Listeria monocytogenes strains. Three hundred and four of these yeasts were isolated from smear-ripened cheeses. Most of the yeasts were identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Using an agar-membrane screening assay, a fraction of approximately 4% of the 304 red smear cheese isolates clearly inhibited growth of L. monocytogenes. Furthermore, 14 out of these 304 cheese yeasts were cocultivated with L. monocytogenes WSLC 1364 on solid medium to test the antilisterial activity of yeast in direct cell contact with Listeria. All yeasts inhibited L. monocytogenes to a low degree, which is most probably due to competition for nutrients. However, one Candida intermedia strain was able to reduce the listerial cell count by 4 log units. Another four yeasts, assigned to C. intermedia (three strains) and Kluyveromyces marxianus (one strain), repressed growth of L. monocytogenes by 3 log units. Inhibition of L. monocytogenes was clearly pronounced in the cocultivation assay, which simulates the conditions and contamination rates present on smear cheese surfaces. We found no evidence that the unknown inhibitory molecule is able to diffuse through soft agar.
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Arias, Covadonga R., Jacqueline K. Burns, Lorrie M. Friedrich, Renee M. Goodrich, and Mickey E. Parish. "Yeast Species Associated with Orange Juice: Evaluation of Different Identification Methods." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, no. 4 (April 2002): 1955–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.4.1955-1961.2002.

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ABSTRACT Five different methods were used to identify yeast isolates from a variety of citrus juice sources. A total of 99 strains, including reference strains, were identified using a partial sequence of the 26S rRNA gene, restriction pattern analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region (5.8S-ITS), classical methodology, the RapID Yeast Plus system, and API 20C AUX. Twenty-three different species were identified representing 11 different genera. Distribution of the species was considerably different depending on the type of sample. Fourteen different species were identified from pasteurized single-strength orange juice that had been contaminated after pasteurization (PSOJ), while only six species were isolated from fresh-squeezed, unpasteurized orange juice (FSOJ). Among PSOJ isolates, Candida intermedia and Candida parapsilosis were the predominant species. Hanseniaspora occidentalis and Hanseniaspora uvarum represented up to 73% of total FSOJ isolates. Partial sequence of the 26S rRNA gene yielded the best results in terms of correct identification, followed by classical techniques and 5.8S-ITS analysis. The commercial identification kits RapID Yeast Plus system and API 20C AUX were able to correctly identify only 35 and 13% of the isolates, respectively. Six new 5.8S-ITS profiles were described, corresponding to Clavispora lusitaniae, Geotrichum citri-aurantii, H. occidentalis, H. vineae, Pichia fermentans, and Saccharomycopsis crataegensis. With the addition of these new profiles to the existing database, the use of 5.8S-ITS sequence became the best tool for rapid and accurate identification of yeast isolates from orange juice.
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Amorim, Crystiane Venditi Gomes do, Carlos Eduardo Aun, and Marcia Pinto Alves Mayer. "Susceptibility of some oral microorganisms to chlorhexidine and paramonochlorophenol." Brazilian Oral Research 18, no. 3 (September 2004): 242–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1806-83242004000300012.

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Since the use of antimicrobial agents is required in endodontic therapies, this study aimed at determining the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of chlorhexidine digluconate and paramonochlorophenol (PMC) against microorganisms commonly found in endodontic infections. Both agents were tested by agar dilution tests against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Prevotella denticola and Prevotella melaninogenica. The MIC of chlorhexidine ranged from 2.67 to 80.00 µg/ml, and the MIC of PMC from 46.67 to 213.33 µg/ml. The highest MIC value of PMC was detected for E. faecalis whereas E. coli was the most susceptible microorganism to this agent. The highest MIC values of chlorhexidine were observed for P. aeruginosa whereas E. coli and P. denticola were the most susceptible microorganisms to this agent. Since the MIC values observed are much lower than the concentrations currently used in the endodontic therapy, it is suggested that both agents are effective in reducing the microbiota in the root canal.
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Saito, Masaru, Hiroshi Nagasaki, Tomoaki Ikeda, Kiyotaka Saga, Koji Yoshida, and Shigeyuki Watanabe. "Pretreatment Conditions for Hydrolysates from Unbleached Pulp Waste for Ethanol Fermentation with Xylose-fermenting Yeast, Candida intermedia 4-6-4T2." Journal of the Japan Petroleum Institute 61, no. 3 (May 1, 2018): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1627/jpi.61.191.

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Leandro, Maria José, Isabel Spencer-Martins, and Paula Gonçalves. "The expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae of a glucose/xylose symporter from Candida intermedia is affected by the presence of a glucose/xylose facilitator." Microbiology 154, no. 6 (June 1, 2008): 1646–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.2007/015511-0.

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Mendes, Josiara Furtado, Ana Paula Neuschrank Albano, Marco Antônio A. Coimbra, Gracialda Ferreira de Ferreira, Carolina Lambrecht Gonçalves, Patrícia da Silva Nascente, and João Roberto Braga de Mello. "FUNGI ISOLATED FROM THE EXCRETA OF WILD BIRDS IN SCREENING CENTERS IN PELOTAS, RS, BRAZIL." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 56, no. 6 (December 2014): 525–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652014000600012.

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The identification of the fungal species belonging to the healthy microflora in animals is a precondition for the recognition of pathological processes causing them. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of potentially pathogenic fungi in the feces of wild birds collected in Screening Centers. Samples were collected from the feces of 50 cages with different species of birds. The samples were processed according to the modified method STAIB and the plates incubated at 32 °C for up to ten days with daily observation for detection of fungal growth. The isolation of the following species was observed: Malassezia pachydermatis, Candida albicans, C. famata, C. guilliermondii, C. sphaerica, C. globosa, C. catenulata, C. ciferri, C. intermedia, Cryptococcus laurentii, Trichosporon asahii, Geotrichum klebahnii, Aspergillus spp., A. niger and Penicillium spp. Knowing the character of some opportunistic fungi is important in identifying them, facilitating the adoption of preventive measures, such as proper cleaning of cages, since the accumulation of excreta may indicate a risk for both health professionals and centers for screening public health.
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HELMERHORST, Eva J., Wim VAN 'T HOF, Enno C. I. VEERMAN, Ina SIMOONS-SMIT, and Arie V. NIEUW AMERONGEN. "Synthetic histatin analogues with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity." Biochemical Journal 326, no. 1 (August 15, 1997): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3260039.

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Histatins are salivary histidine-rich cationic peptides, ranging from 7 to 38 amino acid residues in length, that exert a potent killing effect in vitro on Candida albicans. Starting from the C-terminal fungicidal domain of histatin 5 (residues 11–24, called dh-5) a number of substitution analogues were chemically synthesized to study the effect of amphipathicity of the peptide in helix conformation on candidacidal activity. Single substitutions in dh-5 at several positions did not have any effect on fungicidal activity. However, multi-site substituted analogues (dhvar1 and dhvar2) exhibited a 6-fold increased activity over dh-5. In addition, dhvar1 and dhvar2 inhibited the growth of the second most common yeast found in clinical isolates, Torulopsis glabrata, of oral- and non-oral pathogens such as Prevotella intermedia and Streptococcus mutans, and of a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. In their broad-spectrum activity, dhvar1 and dhvar2 were comparable to magainins (PGLa and magainin 2), antimicrobial peptides of amphibian origin. Both the fungicidal and the haemolytic activities of dhvar1, dhvar2 and magainins increased at decreasing ionic strength.
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Iseppi, Ramona, Roberta Tardugno, Virginia Brighenti, Stefania Benvenuti, Carla Sabia, Federica Pellati, and Patrizia Messi. "Phytochemical Composition and In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils from the Lamiaceae Family against Streptococcus agalactiae and Candida albicans Biofilms." Antibiotics 9, no. 9 (September 10, 2020): 592. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9090592.

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The antimicrobial activity of different essential oils (EOs) from the Lamiaceae family was evaluated on Streptococcus agalactiae, Candida albicans, and lactobacilli. S. agalactiae is the main cause of severe neonatal infections, such as sepsis, meningitis, and pneumonia. C. albicans is a primary causative agent of vulvovaginal candidiasis, a multifactorial infectious disease of the lower female reproductive tract. Lactobacilli represent the dominant bacterial species of the vaginal flora and constitute the natural defense against pathogens. On the basis of the preliminary results, the attention was focused on the EOs from Lavandula x intermedia Emeric ex Loisel. and Mentha arvensis L. By using gas ghromatography (GS) retention data and mass spectra, it was possible to identify more than 90% of the total composition of the EO samples. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and anti-biofilm activity of the two EOs were determined against all isolated strains, using the EOs by themselves or in combination with each other and with drugs (erythromycin and fluconazole). The results showed a good antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity of both EOs and a synergistic effect, leading to the best results against all the strains, resulted using the combinations EOs/EOs and antimicrobials/EOs.
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Vianna, Morgana Eli, Brenda Paula Figueiredo de Almeida Gomes, Neylla Teixeira Sena, Alexandre Augusto Zaia, Caio Cezar Randi Ferraz, and Francisco José de Souza Filho. "In vitro evaluation of the susceptibility of endodontic pathogens to calcium hydroxide combined with different vehicles." Brazilian Dental Journal 16, no. 3 (December 2005): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402005000300001.

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The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro the antimicrobial activity of calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] in combination with different vehicles against endodontic pathogens. For such purpose, a broth dilution test was performed. Pastes were prepared with Ca(OH)2 powder and the following vehicles: sterile water, glycerin, camphorated monochlorophenol (CMCP), CMCP + glycerin, polyethyleneglycol and CMCP + polyethyleneglycol. The time required for the pastes to produce negative cultures against the tested microorganisms was recorded and analyzed statistically using the Kruskal Wallis test at 5% significance level. Timing for pastes to eliminate the aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms ranged from 6 to 24 h, while strict anaerobic microorganisms were inhibited within 30 s to 5 min. Microbial susceptibility, ranked from weakest to strongest, can be presented as follows: Enterococcus faecalis (the most resistant microorganism), Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Porphyromonas endodontalis and Prevotella intermedia (the last two microorganisms required the same time to be eliminated). In conclusion, calcium hydroxide pastes needed more time to eliminate facultative than anaereobic microorganisms. These findings suggest that the antimicrobial property is related both to paste formulation and to microbial susceptibility.
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Fonseca, César, Kim Olofsson, Carla Ferreira, David Runquist, Luís L. Fonseca, Bärbel Hahn-Hägerdal, and Gunnar Lidén. "The glucose/xylose facilitator Gxf1 from Candida intermedia expressed in a xylose-fermenting industrial strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae increases xylose uptake in SSCF of wheat straw." Enzyme and Microbial Technology 48, no. 6-7 (May 2011): 518–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enzmictec.2011.02.010.

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Wiesner, Stephen M., Robert P. Jechorek, Robb M. Garni, Catherine M. Bendel, and Carol L. Wells. "Gastrointestinal Colonization by Candida albicans Mutant Strains in Antibiotic-Treated Mice." Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 192–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.8.1.192-195.2001.

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ABSTRACT Antibiotic-treated mice orally inoculated with one of threeCandida albicans strains (including two mutant strains) or indigenous Candida pelliculosa showed levels of candidal gastrointestinal colonization that were strain specific. However, regardless of strain, the numbers of viable candida were intermediate to high in the stomach, were consistently lowest in the upper small intestine, and increased progressively down the intestinal tract.
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Moen, Ketil, Johan G. Brun, Tor Magne Madland, Turid Tynning, and Roland Jonsson. "Immunoglobulin G and A Antibody Responses to Bacteroides forsythus and Prevotella intermedia in Sera and Synovial Fluids of Arthritis Patients." Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 10, no. 6 (November 2003): 1043–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.10.6.1043-1050.2003.

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ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to investigate immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA antibody immune responses to Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Bacteroides forsythus, and Candida albicans in the sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the synovial fluid (SF) of patients with RA (RA-SF samples), and the SF of patients without RA (non-RA-SF samples). An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine IgG and IgA antibody levels in 116 serum samples from patients with RA, 52 RA-SF samples, and 43 non-RA-SF samples; and these were compared with those in SF samples from 9 patients with osteoarthritis (OA-SF samples) and the blood from 100 donors (the control [CTR] group). Higher levels of IgG antibodies against B. forsythus (P < 0.0001) and P. intermedia (P < 0.0001) were found in non-RA-SF samples than in OA-SF samples, and higher levels of IgG antibodies against B. forsythus (P = 0.003) and P. intermedia (P = 0.024) were found in RA-SF samples than in OA-SF samples. Significantly higher levels of IgA antibodies against B. forsythus were demonstrated in both RA-SF and non-RA-SF samples than in OA-SF samples. When corrected for total Ig levels, levels of IgG antibody against B. forsythus were elevated in RA-SF and non-RA-SF samples compared to those in OA-SF samples. Lower levels of Ig antibodies against B. forsythus were found in the sera of patients with RA than in the plasma of the CTR group for both IgG (P = 0.003) and IgA (P < 0.0001). When corrected for total Ig levels, the levels of IgG and IgA antibodies against B. forsythus were still found to be lower in the sera from patients with RA than in the plasma of the CTR group (P < 0.0001). The levels of antibodies against P. gingivalis and C. albicans in the sera and SF of RA and non-RA patients were comparable to those found in the respective controls. The levels of IgG and IgA antibodies against B. forsythus were elevated in SF from patients with RA and non-RA-SF samples compared to those in OA-SF samples. Significantly lower levels of IgG and IgA antibodies against B. forsythus were found in the sera of patients with RA than in the plasma of the CTR group. This indicates the presence of an active antibody response in synovial tissue and illustrates a potential connection between periodontal and joint diseases.
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48

NIDETZKY, Bernd, Peter MAYR, Philipp HADWIGER, and Arnold E. STüTZ. "Binding energy and specificity in the catalytic mechanism of yeast aldose reductases." Biochemical Journal 344, no. 1 (November 8, 1999): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3440101.

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Derivatives of D-xylose and D-glucose, in which the hydroxy groups at C-5, and C-5 and C-6 were replaced by fluorine, hydrogen and azide, were synthesized and used as substrates of the NAD(P)H-dependent aldehyde reduction catalysed by aldose reductases isolated from the yeasts Candida tenuis, C. intermedia and Cryptococcus flavus. Steady-state kinetic analysis showed that, in comparison with the parent aldoses, the derivatives were reduced with up to 3000-fold increased catalytic efficiencies (kcat/Km), reflecting apparent substrate binding constants (Km) decreased to as little as 1/250 and, for D-glucose derivatives, up to 5.5-fold increased maximum initial rates (kcat). The effects on Km mirror the relative proportion of free aldehyde that is available in aqueous solution for binding to the binary complex enzyme-NAD(P)H. The effects on kcat reflect non-productive binding of the pyranose ring of sugars; this occurs preferentially with the NADPH-dependent enzymes. No transition-state stabilization energy seems to be derived from hydrogen-bonding interactions between enzyme-NAD(P)H and positions C-5 and C-6 of the aldose. In contrast, unfavourable interactions with the C-6 group are used together with non-productive binding to bring about specificity (6-10 kJ/mol) in a series of D-aldoses and to prevent the reaction with poor substrates such as D-glucose. Azide introduced at C-5 or C-6 destabilizes the transition state of reduction of the corresponding hydrogen-substituted aldoses by approx. 4-9 kJ/mol. The total transition state stabilization energy derived from hydrogen bonds between hydroxy groups of the substrate and enzyme-NAD(P)H is similar for all yeast aldose reductases (yALRs), at approx. 12-17 kJ/mol. Three out of four yALRs manage on only hydrophobic enzyme-substrate interactions to achieve optimal kcat, whereas the NAD(P)H-dependent enzyme from C. intermedia requires additional, probably hydrogen-bonding, interactions with the substrate for efficient turnover.
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49

Sadid-Zadeh, Ramtin, Jeffrey Willis, Gyula Forgo, and Violet Haraszthy. "Comparative Analysis of Biofilm Formation on Materials Used for the Fabrication of Implant-Supported Prostheses." Brazilian Dental Journal 31, no. 4 (August 2020): 380–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440202003385.

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Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare biofilm formation on materials used for the fabrication of implant-supported dental prostheses. Twenty discs (D=15 mm, H=3 mm) were fabricated from one of the following restorative materials: yttria tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP); commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti); or heat-cured polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). Specimens were polished following standard protocols. A non-contact profilometer (NPFLEX, Bruker, UK) was used to assess the surface roughness of each disk; results were reported as Ra (µm). Five strains of Gram-negative bacteria frequently associated with peri-implantitis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Candida. albicans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Tannerella forsythia, were cultured on hand-polished discs fabricated from heat-cured PMMA, Y-TZP, or CP-Ti to compare biofilm formation on each type of material. The results were reported as colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL). One-way ANOVA and post hoc tests were used to compare surface roughness and bacterial colonization on the respective materials. Statistical significance was set at a = 0.05. Discs fabricated from Y-TZP had a significantly higher Ra value (350 ± 30 µm) than either PMMA, or CP-Ti discs. Discs fabricated from either Y-TZP and CP-Ti may exhibit less colonization by bacteria associated with peri-mucositis and peri-implantitis. Y-TZP and CP-Ti are suggested materials for fabrication of implant-supported prostheses, considering biofilm formation.
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50

Dahlén, G. "Role of Suspected Periodontopathogens in Microbiological Monitoring of Periodontitis." Advances in Dental Research 7, no. 2 (August 1993): 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08959374930070020701.

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Periodontal disease is the clinical result of a complex interaction between the host and plaque bacteria. Although a specificity to some degree is found for Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP), it has been difficult to obtain evidence for a specific etiological role of the bacteria associated with periodontal disease in adults. What we see is the net result of host-parasite interactions which in an unpredictable moment accumulate and exceed the threshold of tissue integrity. This hypothesis is concomitant with the view of periodontal disease as a polymicrobial infection, predominantly anaerobic, which occurs commonly in the oral cavity or elsewhere in the body. Some micro-organisms (risk markers) occur more frequently than others and may significantly determine the outcome of this host-parasite interaction. Microbiological sampling and analysis seem to be of limited value in risk assessment; however, they can be used as tools in diagnosis in LJP patients and acute infections, and in treatment decision and therapy control in "refractory" patients. Suspected pathogens (risk markers) are Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and some species of spirochetes, while the roles of Prevotella intermedia, Bacteroides forsythus, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Campylobacter rectus, and Peptostreptococcus micros are more uncertain. The presence of periodontopathogens as well as enterics, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida especially, should be considered in patients with systemic individual disorders-e.g., diabetes mellitus, neutropenia, agranulocytosis, and AIDS-or with implants.
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