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1
Mink, Jared T. "Hesitation an analysis of Candide /." Lynchburg, Va. : Liberty University, 2009. http://digitalcommons.liberty.edu.
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Ballachey, Catherine. "Voltaire's "Candide" and the Methodology of Dramatic Adaptation." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35537.
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This thesis details the search for dramaturgical methodologies of adaptation with the additional component of a creative project used to put those methodologies into practice. In particular, my research has been focused on the methodologies available for transforming static or descriptive moments of literature into compelling works of drama. My discussion on this process begins by tracing the scholarly developments in the field of adaptation studies, which have led away from what Linda Hutcheon calls “fidelity criticism” and have opened up a new vein of praxis-based research in recent years. Specifically, I trace the path to a four-step formula for the development of theory first suggested by Edward Said and later tailored to the process of adaptation by Linda Hutcheon. The formula itself advocates the balance of research and creativity, which has been an ideal framework for this thesis document. The second chapter of this thesis focuses on an application of this formula for a dramatic adaptation of Voltaire’s notorious novella Candide, or All for the Best, which presents the particular problematic of a densely philosophical novella. Candide also furnishes an interesting case study for the four-step formula as it presents both a rich historical context and a complicated narrative structure. The third and final chapter details the specific dramaturgical choices made in working with the formula to create a new adaptation entitled Survival of the Optimistic, and the implications these choices create for the adaptation process as a whole. The adaptation itself follows at the end of this thesis document.
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Panelli, Chiara. "La grotte des Arene Candide : Productions céramiques et dynamiques du peuplement en Ligurie occidentale au cours du VI millénaire AEC." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR2007.
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Le premier néolithique de la Méditerranée occidentale est représenté par un ensemble d'expressions culturelles polymorphes qui se sont développées au cours du VIème millénaire AEC et qui sont définies traditionnellement par la présence de céramiques imprimées. En traçant la variabilité morphologique et décorative des productions céramiques, on peut suivre les dynamiques de diffusion du Néolithique selon un modèle de progression arythmique, d’est en ouest, caractérisée par un renouvellement continu des composantes technoculturelles.Dans ce cadre, à partir du début du VIème millénaire AEC, la Ligurie se révèle comme un espace particulièrement représentatif des transformations sociales et culturelles en jeu et constitue donc un domaine privilégié pour la compréhension des mécanismes de diffusion néolithique en Méditerranée nord-occidentale. Cette recherche s’est focalisée sur l'analyse technologique de la production céramique pour décoder les systèmes techno-économiques des groupes néolithiques, à travers une étude structurée sur deux niveaux progressifs et complémentaires, du site à l'échelle régionale.Les récentes fouilles effectuées aux Arene Candide (1997-2012) ont documenté en détail une séquence stratigraphique relative aux premières phases du Néolithique et ont fourni de nouvelles et cohérentes données contextuelles. La lecture technologique de l’assemblage céramique issu de ces recherches a permis de reconstruire le système de production céramique en relation avec l’articulation stratigraphique et chronologique, en mettant en évidence une évolution des comportements techniques et stylistiques au cours du VIème millénaire AEC. On a pu ainsi élaborer un modèle de périodisation, fondé sur des marqueurs techno-stylistiques spécifiques des différents horizons chrono-culturels. Ce modèle a été ensuite appliqué dans le cadre d’une révision systématique des céramiques provenant des sites contemporains, répartis entre la région de Finale et le Val Pennavaira, souvent très peu considérées parce que provenant généralement de contextes jugés peu fiables. Cette approche a permis de clarifier l'attribution chronologique et culturelle de ces séries céramiques, en fournissant des éléments pour une reconstruction diachronique des dynamiques de peuplement, et pour l'organisation et la gestion du territoire au cours du VIème millénaire AEC. Ces résultats ont alimenté le débat sur les interactions culturelles dans le bassin occidental de la MéditerranéeThe early Neolithic of the western Mediterranean is represented by a polymorphic set of cultural expressions, traditionally defined by the presence of impressed wares, that developed during the sixth millennium BCE. By tracing the morphological and decorative variability of these ceramic productions, it was possible to outline a model of arrhythmic progression of the Neolithic package diffusion, from east to west, characterized by a continuous renewal of its techno-cultural components. Within this context, from the beginning of the sixth millennium BCE, Liguria is a particularly representative space of the social and cultural transformations that took place in the western Mediterranean and represents a privileged area for the untangling of the mechanisms of Neolithic diffusion in this area. This research focused on the technological analysis of ceramic production in order to decode the techno-economic systems of the Neolithic groups, through an integrated study, which was structured in two progressive and complementary levels, from infra-site to a regional scale.Recent excavations at the Arene Candide cave (1997-2012) documented in detail a clear stratigraphic sequence related to the early Neolithic phases, providing new and consistent proxy data. The technological analysis of the ceramic assemblage resulting from these researches allowed for the reconstruction of the pottery production system in relation to the stratigraphic and chronological articulation, highlighting an evolution of technical and stylistic behaviours during the sixth millennium BCE. This led to the elaboration of a diachronic model, articulated in different chrono-cultural horizons, each characterized by specific techno-stylistic markers. The systematic revision of the pottery from the contemporary sites of the region, mainly distributed between the Finalese region and Val Pennavaira, and often neglected due to their absent or unreliable contextual documentation, was also implemented. This revision allowed for the clarification of the chronological and cultural attribution of these ceramic sets, providing new elements for a diachronic reconstruction of settlement dynamics, as well as of the organization and management of the territory during the sixth millennium BCE, and finally revealed cultural interactions with the western Mediterranean basin.In general, the results obtained by this study increase, both quantitatively and qualitatively, the data relating to the early Neolithic stages of the region, unlocking the informative potential of a holistic approach to the analysis of the ceramic document, even when applied to remarkably fragmentary materials. These new results contribute to the ongoing debate on the complex phenomenon of the neolithization of the western Mediterranean
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Sundqvist, Åström Henrik Jesper. "En analys av människans utsatthet i Voltaires Candide eller Optimismen." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för beteendevetenskap och lärande, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-68313.
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Den här uppsatsen undersöker hur Voltaires idéroman Candide och ett urval av romanens motiv kan analyseras och kopplas till en nutida samhällsdiskurs. Den ger även förslag på hur verket, mot bakgrund av en didaktisk diskussion, kan användas i undervisningssammanhang. Uppsatsen behandlar Voltaire och hans kritiska förhållande till Leibniz optimistiska och deterministiska världsåskådning. Här orienteras läsaren i den filosofiska motsättning som ligger till grund för verkets kärna: Voltaires polemik mot en okritisk acceptans av tesen Vi lever i den bästa av världar. Uppsatsen siktar på att levandegöra verkets tema optimismen och ett tänkbart huvudmotiv: människans utsatthet (i tillvaron), genom att koppla detta till dagsaktuella och till synes seglivade fenomen, t.ex. religiöst och militärt maktmissbruk, och social och sexuell exploatering av kvinnan. Uppsatsen demonstrerar bl.a. att ohyggliga krigsbrott i Kongo och Bosnien tangerar Candides upplevelser på de nordeuropeiska slagfälten; att sexuella övergrepp i religiösa kontexter inte är isolerade till historien, utan fortlever bland annat via katolska kyrkans företrädare; att det faktiskt finns beröringspunkter i ståndstanken bakom Kunigundas giftermålsplaner och kronprinssessan Victorias bröllop. Uppsatsen utmynnar i en litteraturdidaktisk diskussion som, med stöd av ledande forskare och pedagoger, resonerar kring hur man i praktiken kan arbeta med litteraturanalys i gymnasieskolan. Texten avrundas med explicita redovisningsförslag kopplade till tema och motiv i Candide.
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Johansson, Ewa. "Livets resa - En illusion eller verklighet." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Humanities, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-1401.
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Kirk, Mark Edward. "Documentation of the scene design for the Ohio State University production of Candide." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1300195465.
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Naumann-Beyer, Waldtraud. "Entmachten statt vernichten.: Zwei Typen kritischer Beschreibung: Voltaires Candide und Friedrich Nicolais Sempronius Gundibert." Universität Leipzig, 1997. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A33038.
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Perrier, Murielle M. "Le libertinage utopique: Reflexions politiques et philosophiques dans "Therese philosophe", "Candide" et "Aline et Valcour"." Connect to online resource, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3256397.
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Trazzi, Isabela. "Candide na tela de Vera Cruz (um estudo de Candinho, de Abílio Pereira de Almeida)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8146/tde-29072013-105321/.
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Esta dissertação intenta contribuir para os estudos sobre o filme Candinho (1954), do diretor paulista Abílio Pereira de Almeida (1906-1977), investigando com maior profundidade seu processo de adaptação do conto Candide ou loptimisme (1759), do escritor francês Voltaire (1694-1778). Esta pesquisa considera que a adaptação do texto literário para o cinema se constitui numa leitura ativa e particular do diretor, a qual se materializa em sua obra. As análises desenvolvidas nesta dissertação apontam a importância, para a compreensão e a interpretação de Candinho, da articulação entre o diálogo estabelecido com a matriz literária francesa; a vinculação do filme à proposta estética da Cia. Cinematográfica Vera Cruz (1949-1954) e o tratamento da temática da decadência da oligarquia cafeeira e da metropolização de São Paulo no conjunto da obra teatral e cinematográfica abiliana.This dissertation aims at contributing to the studies about the movie Candinho (1954), from the director Abílio Pereira de Almeida (1906-1977), native of São Paulo, inquiring deeper into his process of adaptation of the short story Candide ou loptmisme (1759), from the French writer Voltaire (1694-1778). The research considers that the adaptation of the literary text to the cinema constitutes itself in an active and particular reading of the director, which is materialized in his work. The developed analyses have pointed out the importance, for the comprehension and interpreting of Candinho, the articulation between the dialogue established with the French literary reference; the movie entailment to the aesthetic proposal of Cia. Cinematográfica Vera Cruz (1949-1954), and the treatment of the set of themes on the coffee oligarchy decadence and the metropolization of São Paulo in the set of the theatrical and cinematographic work created by Abílio.
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Rioux, Jean-Sébastien. "Charif ou l'antipathie du bonheur : suivie de Cyrano, Candide et Charif : discussion sur le bonheur." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28333.
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Dans un village, désert gris, un enfant porteur d'une longue tradition ne peut aspirer au bonheur. Comme on disait chez lui, « lorsque l'on naît d'un lion on devient un lion », lui était né de rats et, selon les lois, devait demeurer de jour adossé à son mur et de nuit, chercher de quoi manger. Jusqu'au jour où l'Étrangère arrive au village. Étrange voyageuse, elle voit au-delà de la condition de l'enfant et découvre une étincelle au fond de lui. Quelques mois passent et tous les jours, elle s'assoit au côté de l'enfant stoïque et lui parle de sa vie, des mathématiques, de la survie en forêt, de tout. Cependant, un matin, personne ne vient s'asseoir aux côtés de l'enfant. Il se questionne sans succès et finit par poser le regard sur l'objet le plus précieux que l'Étrangère possède, sur une table devant lui, et prend la première décision de son existence : il retournerait l'objet à l'Étrangère. À travers ces lignes, je me questionne sur le bonheur humain, pourquoi certains l'atteignent, pourquoi échappe-t-il aux autres et à quel point sommes-nous responsables de ce résultat. Dans la section essai, je discute « bonheur » avec Rostand et Voltaire par le biais de nos trois œuvres, Cyrano de Bergerac, Candide et Charif ou l'antipathie du bonheur. Je compare le destin de ces personnages surdimensionnés et m'interroge sur l'implication de chacun quant à l'atteinte de leur but ou leur échec, à savoir s'ils parviennent ou non à atteindre le bonheur.In a village, lost in a grey desert, a young boy following in a long tradition could not aspire for happiness. As we say in his country, "when born from a lion, a lion you become". He descended from rats and hence, according to the law, he would remain against the wall by day and scavenge for scraps by night. That is, until the Traveller arrived in the village. The mysterious wanderer could see beyond his condition and soon she uncovered a spark in him. Months went by and day after day she would sit next to the stoic boy and tell him about her life, about mathematics, forest survival, anything and everything. One morning, however, nobody came. The boy remained puzzled until he noticed the Traveller's most cherished possession lying on a table in front of him. At that point, he took the first decision of his life, namely returning it to the Traveller. In these pages, I explore the matter of human happiness, why some find it, why others do not and to what extent do we play a role in the result. In the essay, I discuss the subject of happiness with Rostand and Voltaire based on our work, more specifically Cyrano de Bergerac, Candide and Charif ou l'antipathie du bonheur. Therein I compare the destiny of bigger-than-life characters and wonder about their involvement in reaching their goal or not, that is, finding happiness.
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Dunham, Richard Ernest III. "A lighting design for The Ohio State University Theatre Department production of Candide by Voltaire." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1299612637.
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Teil, Geneviève. "Candide, un outil de sociologie assistee par ordinateur pour l'analyse quali-quantitative de gros corpus de textes." Paris, ENMP, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ENMP0291.
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Le texte est au centre de bon nombre d'activites humaines, celle de l'administration par exemple. L'analyse sociologique de texte ne doit pas se contenter de restituer les technologies d'ecriture, de lecture, de diffusion et de collecte de textes; elle doit aussi s'attacher a decrire le contenu des textes. Cette description doit egalement rendre compte des multiples lectures, parfois contradictoires, qui sont faites. Ce faisant, l'analyse sociologique de texte se heurte a une importante difficulte que le logiciel candide se propose de pallier: le volume des textes a etudier. Ce programme ne peut s'appuyer sur aucun ensemble de connaissances a priori un dictionnaire preetabli ou une grammaire exhaustive qui, s'il n'etait partage de tous les lecteurs, risquerait d'orienter sa lecture. De son point de vue, le texte est un dispositif associant des mots dont il represente le reseau d'association. Nous decrivons son fonctionnement ainsi que diverses analyses de reseau (linguistiques, socio-economiques. . . ). La comparaison de deux lectures d'un meme corpus, faites par une equipe d'experts d'une part, par candide d'une autre, montre la parfaite concordance des deux lectures pour les gros corpus et les specificites de chacune pour les petits ensembles de textes. Enfin, nous passons en revue des utilisations de cet outil, de l'analyse bibliographique a la veille technologique et a l'analyse de questionnaires ouverts
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Luca, Adolfo di. "Candide, Rasselas, and the genre of the philosophical tale in English and French literature of the eighteenth century." Thesis, University of Kent, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360993.
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Byrs, Patricia. "La vocation de juriste : regard candide sur les motivations inconscientes de ceux qui choisissent le barreau ou la magistrature." Paris 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA020111.
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De l'etude psychanalytique des motivations inconscientes du choix de la profession de magistrat et d'avocat se degage une base pulsionnelle et oedipienne commune a ces deux metiers, le conflit inconscient entre desirs latents et surmoi laissant place a une personnalite et une faculte d'adaptation inconsciente a l'univers judiciaire propre a ces deux figuresFrom the psychoanalytical study of inconscious motivations of choosing the career of attorney or judge, one can find a foundation based on the same instinct and oedipal desires common to those two professions. The inconscious conflict between latent desires and the super-ego leave in place a personnality and a faculty of inconscious adaptation to the world of law
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PANELLI, CHIARA. "La Caverna delle Arene candide. Produzioni ceramiche e dinamiche di popolamento in Liguria occidentale nel corso del VI millennio BCE." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/941968.
Full textAbstract:
The early Neolithic of the western Mediterranean is represented by a polymorphic set of cultural expressions, traditionally defined by the presence of impressed wares, that developed during the sixth millennium BCE. By tracing the morphological and decorative variability of these ceramic productions, it was possible to outline a model of arrhythmic progression of the Neolithic package diffusion, from east to west, characterized by a continuous renewal of its techno-cultural components.
Within this context, from the beginning of the sixth millennium BCE, Liguria is a particularly representative space of the social and cultural transformations that took place in the western Mediterranean and represents a privileged area for the untangling of the mechanisms of Neolithic diffusion in this area. This research focused on the technological analysis of ceramic production in order to decode the techno-economic systems of the Neolithic groups, through an integrated study, which was structured in two progressive and complementary levels, from infra-site to a regional scale.
Recent excavations at the Arene Candide cave (1997-2012) documented in detail a clear stratigraphic sequence related to the early Neolithic phases, providing new and consistent proxy data. The technological analysis of the ceramic assemblage resulting from these researches allowed for the reconstruction of the pottery production system in relation to the stratigraphic and chronological articulation, highlighting an evolution of technical and stylistic behaviours during the sixth millennium BCE. This led to the elaboration of a diachronic model, articulated in different chrono-cultural horizons, each characterized by specific techno-stylistic markers. The systematic revision of the pottery from the contemporary sites of the region, mainly distributed between the Finalese region and Val Pennavaira, and often neglected due to their absent or unreliable contextual documentation, was also implemented. This revision allowed for the clarification of the chronological and cultural attribution of these ceramic sets, providing new elements for a diachronic reconstruction of settlement dynamics, as well as of the organization and management of the territory during the sixth millennium BCE, and finally revealed cultural interactions with the western Mediterranean basin.
In general, the results obtained by this study increase, both quantitatively and qualitatively, the data relating to the early Neolithic stages of the region, unlocking the informative potential of a holistic approach to the analysis of the ceramic document, even when applied to remarkably fragmentary materials. These new results contribute to the ongoing debate on the complex phenomenon of the neolithization of the western Mediterranean.
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Laborderie, Arnaud. "Le Livre augmenté : de la remédiatisation à l'éditorialisation." Thesis, Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080149.
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Cette thèse se propose d’examiner le concept de « livre augmenté » à partir d’une posture théorique articulée à une pratique de médiateur et d’éditeur multimédia exercée à la Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF) pendant une vingtaine d’années. Notre recherche pose la question de la reconfiguration du livre dans l’espace numérique à travers les notions de remédiatisation et d’éditorialisation, c’est-à-dire du point de vue de l’évolution des formes médiatiques et des pratiques éditoriales. La conception de deux prototypes — le livre-application Candide réalisé à la BnF et le livre-web Odyssée réalisé à l’Université Paris-VIII — nous a permis d’interroger les frontières du livre et de formuler les concepts d’enrichissement et d’augmentation au regard de la clôture du livre. Nous défendons la thèse d’un objet-livre numérique nécessairement clos, enrichi par l’éditeur et le lecteur, augmenté par des extensions virtuelles sur le web ou en applications. L’expérience de lecture et la transmission des œuvres s’y trouvent renouvelées par des pratiques intermédiatiques et une nouvelle sensorialité des supports numériquesThis thesis proposes to examine the concept of "enhanced book" from a theoretical posture articulated to a practice of mediator and multimedia editor exercised at the French National Library (BnF) during twenty years. Our research raises the question of the reconfiguration of the book in the digital environment through the notions of remediation and editorialization, that is to say, from the point of view of the media forms and editorial practices evolution. The design of two prototypes — the Candide app-book carried out at the BnF and the Odyssey web-book conducted at the University of Paris VIII — enabled us to examine the boundaries of the book and formulate the concepts of enrichment and enhancement regarding to the enclosure of the book. We defend the thesis of a digital object-book necessarily closed, enriched by the editor and the reader, enhanced by virtual extensions on the web or in applications. The experience of reading and transmitting the works are renewed by intermediate practices and a new sensoriality of digital media
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Hakizimana, Justin. "Le choix des personnages dans une œuvre littéraire : Le choix des personnages dans Madame Bovary de Gustave Flaubert et dans Candide de Voltaire." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Franska, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-13646.
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Le choix des personnages dans une œuvre est une analyse sur le chemin qu’un auteur emprunte pour choisir les personnages qui vont occuper les grandes lignes de son œuvre. Les œuvres analysées sont deux ouvrages classiques d’écrivains français, en l’occurrence Madame Bovary de Gustave Flaubert et Candide de Voltaire. Il s’agissait d’essayer de remonter au début de la composition et de suivre l’auteur jusqu’à la fin de son ouvrage. La comparaison des personnages tant principaux que secondaires des deux œuvres, leurs actions, leurs caractères et leurs interventions dans différentes circonstances constitue la partie centrale de l’analyse.
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Ingemars, Nils. "A feature based face tracker using extended Kalman filtering." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-8755.
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A face tracker is exactly what it sounds like. It tracks a face in a video sequence. Depending on the complexity of the tracker, it could track the face as a rigid object or as a complete deformable face model with face expressions.
This report is based on the work of a real time feature based face tracker. Feature based means that you track certain features in the face, like points with special characteristics. It might be a mouth or eye corner, but theoretically it could be any point. For this tracker, the latter is of interest. Its task is to extract global parameters, i.e. rotation and translation, as well as dynamic facial parameters (expressions) for each frame. It tracks feature points using motion between frames and a textured face model (Candide). It then uses an extended Kalman filter to estimate the parameters from the tracked feature points.
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Fanelli, Gabriele. "Facial Features Tracking using Active Appearance Models." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-7658.
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This thesis aims at building a system capable of automatically extracting and parameterizing the position of a face and its features in images acquired from a low-end monocular camera. Such a challenging task is justified by the importance and variety of its possible applications, ranging from face and expression recognition to animation of virtual characters using video depicting real actors. The implementation includes the construction of Active Appearance Models of the human face from training images. The existing face model Candide-3 is used as a starting point, making the translation of the tracking parameters to standard MPEG-4 Facial Animation Parameters easy.
The Inverse Compositional Algorithm is employed to adapt the models to new images, working on a subspace where the appearance is "projected out" and thus focusing only on shape.
The algorithm is tested on a generic model, aiming at tracking different people’s faces, and on a specific model, considering one person only. In the former case, the need for improvements in the robustness of the system is highlighted. By contrast, the latter case gives good results regarding both quality and speed, with real time performance being a feasible goal for future developments.
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Gibbons, Vaneesha Stewart. "Phenotypic switching in Candida albicans : a candidate gene approach." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1999. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU123578.
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This thesis describes the cloning and characterisation of two Candida albicans genes which were candidates for having a role in the phenotypic switching phenomenon of C. albicans. Phenotypic switching in C. albicans is a spontaneously occurring event whereby the surface morphology and several physiological processes of the C. albicans colony can change. These spontaneous switching events occur at high frequency and there are a range of up to fifteen different morphological forms that have been described. Switching is reversible and interconvertible (between the different phenotypes). The candidate genes chosen to investigate phenotypic switching were RAD52, a DNA double strand break repair gene and H4, a histone. RAD52 was isolated following homologous probing of a C. albicans genomic library using a fragment of the gene sequence which was available on a public data base [http://alces.med.umn.edu/candida/html], as a probe. H4 was isolated following PCR probing of a cosmid library. The switching repertoire of the ura- CAI4 strain of C. albicans was characterised. Attempts were also made to characterise switching frequencies. This strain was then used as the host for both knockout and overexpression studies of the candidate genes. The effect of overexpression of these genes on phenotypic switching was observed by recording growth rates, phenotypes and phenotypic switching frequencies. It was found that overexpression of RAD52 affected the morphotype and growth of the yeast colonies compared the CAI4 parental strain. Overexpression of the H4 gene did not appear to affect growth, but a fourth morphological form named "root" appeared that had not arisen during characterisation of the CAI4 phenotypic switching repertoire. The degree to which the "root" phenotype was manifest appeared to correlate with the degree of overexpression of the H4 gene. The effect of knocking out a single copy of H4 was also observed. Growth was not affected. Observations of colony morphologies showed a preponderance of one particular morphology ("irregular wrinkle"). This data suggests that altering the wild type levels of expression of these genes can affect phenotypic switching in C. albicans.
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Foubard, Sylvie. "Pouvoir pathogène des champignons du genre "Candida" à l'exclusion de "Candida albicans"." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05P211.
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Atanasova-Campelo, Ralitsa. "Contribution à l'étude de la levure émergente C. Glabrata : développement d'un modèle murin de dissémination hématogène à point de départ digestif et construction de souches bioluminescentes." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066005.
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La candidose disséminée est l’infection fongique la plus répandue chez les patients immunodéficients avec une mortalité souvent supérieur à 50%. Candida glabrata est le deuxième agent responsable de cette infection après C. Albicans. Cette levure reste peu étudiée et mécanismes exacts de sa pathogénicité sont mal connus. Dès lors, le projet présenté visait à l’étude de ce pathogène par la mise en place de différents outils, notamment un modèle murin de candidose invasive à point de départ digestif et la construction de souches rapporteurs pour la détection de la levure in vivo au cours de l’infection. Nous avons mis en place un modèle murin de colonisation et dissémination de C. Glabrata qui reproduit l’infection chez le patient. Le modèle comprend un régime hypoprotéique facilitant la colonisation de l’hôte par cette levure et une chimiothérapie de 5 jours qui assure sa dissémination. Il se caractérise par une dissémination précoce dans le foie, la principale cible de l’infection, et une mortalité qui peut atteindre 100%. Ce modèle a été appliqué à l’étude de facteurs potentiels de virulence, tels le type sexué MAT, l’adhérence et la mutation « petite ». Dans un deuxième temps, des souches bioluminescentes ont été construites permettant un suivi en temps réel de l’infection. L’une de ces souches a été validée in vitro et in vivo avec une détermination du seuil de détection de la luminescence in vivo. Cette souche luminescente a été utilisé dans l’étude préliminaire du rôle des récepteurs de chimiokines CCR1 et CCR2 dans le contrôle de la candidose invasiveInvasive candidiasis is actually the most frequent fungal infection in immunocompromised patients, with a mortality rate often overpassing 50%. Candida glabrata is the second pathogen in cause of the infection; nevertheless the exact mechanisms of its pathogenicity are yet poorly understood. Thus, this project aimed the better understanding of the pathogen by developing new tools for its study, in particular the establishment of an animal model with oral route of inoculation and the construction of bioluminescent reporter strains. A mouse animal model of colonization and dissemination was established that closely reproduces human infection. The experimental protocol includes hypoprotein diet that facilitates colonization end a 5 days chemotherapy regimen that induces dissemination. In this model liver is the principal target of the infection and mortality rate of 100% can be observed. The protocol was successfully applied to the study of potential virulence factors such as MAT type, adhesion and “petite” mutation. A second part of my work consisted in the construction of bioluminescent strains for real-time tracking of candidiasis. One of the two reporter strains obtained was validated in vitro as well as in vivo and its detection limit was determined in vivo. The strain was afterwards applied to a preliminary study of CCR1 and CCR2 chemokine receptor and their importance in controlling C. Glabrata dissemination
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Raimbeau, Boux de Casson Florence. "Production et caracterisation de deux anticorps monoclonaux diriges contre une fraction monomerique de 48 kd, d'une enolase de candida albicans; application au diagnostic des candidoses invasives." Angers, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ANGE0501.
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Espitalié, Martine. "Spondylodiscites à candida albicans : à propos d'un nouveau cas, revue de la littérature." Caen, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990CAEN3027.
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Bouyer, Sabrina. "Effet des concentrations sub-inhibitrices de cinq antifongiques systémiques sur les capacités d'adhérence et de filamentation de candida albicans." Poitiers, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001POIT1502.
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Chardès, Thierry. "Anticorps monoclonaux dirigés contre des déterminants pariétaux de Candida albicans : étude immunochimique des antigènes cibles, approche d'un immunodosage des antigènes circulants lors de candidoses." Montpellier 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON13504.
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Junqueira, Juliana Campos [UNESP]. "Candidose experimental e recuperação de candida albicans na cavidade bucal de ratas ovariectomizadas." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/114078.
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000214602.pdf: 7397115 bytes, checksum: 517e467c2c728fcb27cd32698e43ccc4 (MD5)O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desenvolvimento de candidose e a recuperação de Candida albicans na cavidade bucal de ratas controles e ovariectomizadas. Foram utilizadas 124 ratas não portadoras do gênero Candida na cavidade bucal, divididas em dois grupos: controle e ovariectomizado. Em cada grupo, quatro ratas foram utilizadas para avaliação morfológica do dorso da língua por microscopia de luz e microscopia eletrônica de varredura; e 58 ratas receberam inoculações de C. albicans para estudo da candidose e recuperação de leveduras. O desenvolvimento de candidose no dorso da língua foi observado em microscopia de luz e microscopia eletrônica de varredura nos períodos de seis horas, 24 horas, sete e 15 dias após a última inoculação. A recuperação de C. albicans foi realizada através de coletas de amostras bucais em intervalos de tempo de um, dois, cinco, sete dias, e progressivamente, a cada 15 dias até a obtenção de culturas negativas para leveduras. Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente pelos testes t de Student e Mann-Whitney. A morfologia do dorso da língua das ratas do grupo ovariectomizado não infectado por Candida foi semelhante ao controle. Entre as ratas infectadas, o grupo ovariectomizado exibiu menor quantidade de lesões de candidose em relação ao controle. A recuperação de C. albicans da cavidade bucal dos animais ovariectomizados foi inferior aos controles em todos os períodos de observação. Concluiu-se que a candidose e a recuperação de C. albicans na cavidade bucal das ratas foram menos freqüentes no grupo ovariectomizado em relação ao controle
The purpose of this work was to observe the development of candidosis and the recovery of C. albicans from the oral cavity of control and ovariectomized rats. Hundred twenty-four rats originally negative for the Candida spp. in the oral cavity were divided into two groups: control and ovariectomized. ln each group, four rats were used for tongue dorsum morphologic analysis by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope; and 58 rats received inoculations of C. albicans for the study of candidasis and recovery of yeasts. The development of candidosis on the tongue dorsum was observed in optical microscope and scanning electron microscope in the periods of six hours, 24 hours, seven days and 15 days after the last inoculation. The recovery of C. albicans was performed through oral samples collected at one, two, tive, seven days and progressively at each 15 days until negative cultures for the yeasts were obtained. The results were statistically analyzed by the t-student and Mann-Whitney tests. The tongue dorsum of the control and ovariectomized rats, not infected by Candida, presented normal aspect. Among lhe infected rats, the ovariectomized group showed less quantity of candidosis lesions in relation to control. The recovery of C. albicans from the oral cavity of ovariectomized animals was lower in relation to control in all periods of observation. lt could be concluded lhat candidosis and recovery of C. albicans ln the oral cavity of rats were less frequent in the ovariectomized group in relation to control
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Junqueira, Juliana Campos. "Candidose experimental e recuperação de candida albicans na cavidade bucal de ratas ovariectomizadas /." São José dos Campos, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/114078.
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Orientador: Antonio Olavo Cardoso JorgeBanca: Sheila Cavalca Cortelli
Banca: Elizabete Brasil dos Santos
Banca: Luiz Eduardo Blumer Rosa
Banca: Yasmin Rodarte Carvalho
Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desenvolvimento de candidose e a recuperação de Candida albicans na cavidade bucal de ratas controles e ovariectomizadas. Foram utilizadas 124 ratas não portadoras do gênero Candida na cavidade bucal, divididas em dois grupos: controle e ovariectomizado. Em cada grupo, quatro ratas foram utilizadas para avaliação morfológica do dorso da língua por microscopia de luz e microscopia eletrônica de varredura; e 58 ratas receberam inoculações de C. albicans para estudo da candidose e recuperação de leveduras. O desenvolvimento de candidose no dorso da língua foi observado em microscopia de luz e microscopia eletrônica de varredura nos períodos de seis horas, 24 horas, sete e 15 dias após a última inoculação. A recuperação de C. albicans foi realizada através de coletas de amostras bucais em intervalos de tempo de um, dois, cinco, sete dias, e progressivamente, a cada 15 dias até a obtenção de culturas negativas para leveduras. Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente pelos testes t de Student e Mann-Whitney. A morfologia do dorso da língua das ratas do grupo ovariectomizado não infectado por Candida foi semelhante ao controle. Entre as ratas infectadas, o grupo ovariectomizado exibiu menor quantidade de lesões de candidose em relação ao controle. A recuperação de C. albicans da cavidade bucal dos animais ovariectomizados foi inferior aos controles em todos os períodos de observação. Concluiu-se que a candidose e a recuperação de C. albicans na cavidade bucal das ratas foram menos freqüentes no grupo ovariectomizado em relação ao controle
Abstract: The purpose of this work was to observe the development of candidosis and the recovery of C. albicans from the oral cavity of control and ovariectomized rats. Hundred twenty-four rats originally negative for the Candida spp. in the oral cavity were divided into two groups: control and ovariectomized. ln each group, four rats were used for tongue dorsum morphologic analysis by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope; and 58 rats received inoculations of C. albicans for the study of candidasis and recovery of yeasts. The development of candidosis on the tongue dorsum was observed in optical microscope and scanning electron microscope in the periods of six hours, 24 hours, seven days and 15 days after the last inoculation. The recovery of C. albicans was performed through oral samples collected at one, two, tive, seven days and progressively at each 15 days until negative cultures for the yeasts were obtained. The results were statistically analyzed by the t-student and Mann-Whitney tests. The tongue dorsum of the control and ovariectomized rats, not infected by Candida, presented normal aspect. Among lhe infected rats, the ovariectomized group showed less quantity of candidosis lesions in relation to control. The recovery of C. albicans from the oral cavity of ovariectomized animals was lower in relation to control in all periods of observation. lt could be concluded lhat candidosis and recovery of C. albicans ln the oral cavity of rats were less frequent in the ovariectomized group in relation to control
Doutor
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Théraud, Magali. "Contamination de l'environnement par les levures et impact en termes de santé publique." Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN1B074.
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Nous avons évalué le niveau de portage et de dissémination de levures par Stumus vulgaris. Le suivi pendant une année de dortoirs montre que Candida albicans est véhiculé par l'étourneau, et qu'elle survit au minimum quatre semaines dans cet environnement. Ces résultats ont été confirmés par une modélisation expérimentale. Devant cette survie prolongée et le risque rapporté dans la littérature d'infections humaines à partir de levures exogènes, nous avons testé différentes méthodes de décontamination de ce réservoir environnemental : différents genres et espèces, ainsi que différentes conditions de culture ont été utilisées. Enfin, nous avons comparé à l'aide de marqueurs isoenzymatiques et moléculaires, les isolats de C. Albicans issus d'étourneaux, de dortoirs et d'hommes. L'analyse par MLEE montre une faible divergence des souches aviaires par rapport aux souches humaines, alors que la MLST ne met en évidence aucune structuration de l'échantillon.
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Darce, Bello Martha. "Caractérisation de souches de Candida albicans isolées de patients immunocompétents et de sujets immunodéprimés." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30102.
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Jacq, Laurent. "Recherche de gènes de susceptibilité à la polyarthrite rhumatoïde et aux syndromes coronaires aigus." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EVRY0014.
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La polyarthrite rhumatoïde (PR) et la maladie coronaire (MC) sont deux maladies touchant l'adulte comportant une susceptibilité génétique et partageant plusieurs chapitres physiopathologiques. Nous avons recherché des gènes de susceptibilité à la PR en employant une approche gène-candidat dans des loci suggerés par les données d'études de criblage du genome. Nous avons mis au point une étude originale (Genescaf) d'approche des gènes impliqués dans la MCRhumatoid arthritis (RA) and coronary artery disease (CAD) are two adult diseases involving some genetic susceptibility genes and sharing many physiopathogenic chapters. We tried to find some RA susceptibility genes by a candidate-gene approach located in linked loci. We performed an original study (Genescaf) to approach some CAD susceptibility genes
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Sitterlé, Emilie. "La candidose cutanéo-muqueuse chronique : un modèle d’étude de l’adaptation génomique chez Candida albicans." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC275.
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Candida albicans est une levure commensale du tube digestif de l’Homme mais également un pathogène opportuniste responsable d’infections dont la gravité est fonction des défenses immunitaires de l’hôte. Au cours de l’interaction avec l’hôte, cette levure est confrontée à de nombreux stress environnementaux et immunitaires imposant des capacités d’adaptation rapides pour survivre. Le travail de thèse présenté dans ce manuscrit est consacré à l'étude de la diversité génomique de C. albicans chez l’individu sain mais également au cours de l’interaction pathologique de longue durée chez l’Homme. Dans une première partie nous montrons qu’il existe un niveau élevé d’hétérogénéité génomique essentiellement dus à des évènements de perte d’hétérozygoties, entre les isolats de C. albicans issus de prélèvements buccaux de porteurs sains et démontrons que celle-ci n’est pas le reflet de problèmes inhérents à la technique et à l’analyse des données de séquençage à haut débit. Puis, nous avons évalué dans quelle mesure le génome de C. albicans était capable d’évoluer, dans un contexte pathologique de longue durée grâce à l’étude de souches chronologiques provenant de patients atteints de candidose cutanéo-muqueuse chronique. Nous montrons qu’il existe une importante dynamique dans l’apparition et l’élimination de variants phénotypiques et génotypique au cours de l’interaction pathologique chez l’hôte pouvant être la conséquence de l'adaptation des souches à l’interaction pathologique chronique. Un phénotype d’importance est la survenue de résistance de ces souches aux antifongiques. Une étude approfondie des gènes impliqués dans la résistance aux antifongiques a permis de décrire de nouvelles mutations dans les gènes ERG11 et TAC1 impliquées dans la résistance aux antifongiques azolésCandida albicans is a common component of the human digestive tract and is considered the major opportunistic fungal pathogen. During interaction with the host, this yeast is confronted with numerous environmental and immune stresses imposing rapid adaptation capacities to survive. This manuscript aimed to study the genomic diversity of C. albicans, in healthy individuals and during long-term pathological interaction. In the first part of this work, we showed that there is a high level of genomic heterogeneity, especially linked to loss-of-heterozygosity, between isolates of C. albicans in oral samples from healthy carriers. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the heterogeneity observed is not reflective of technical problems nor associated to the high throughput sequencing data analysis. Then, we evaluated to which extent the C. albicans genome was able to evolve in a long-term pathological context, thanks to the study of chronological strains isolated from patients suffering from chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. We have shown that there is an important dynamic in the appearance and the elimination of phenotypic and genotypic variants during the pathological interaction with the host. This may be the consequence of the adaptation of the strains to the chronic pathological interaction with its host. One of the interesting phenotype is the appearance of resistance to antifungal agents in these strains. An in-depth study of the genes involved in resistance to antifungal agents has enabled the detection and the description of new mutations in the ERG11 and TAC1 genes, involved in resistance to azole antifungals
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Leite, Lady Daiane Pereira. "Atividade antifúngica da associação entre plasma frio em pressão atmosférica e antifúngicos poliênicos convencionais sobre biofilmes de Candida albicans. /." São José dos Campos, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/192863.
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Orientador: Cristiane Yumi Koga-ItoResumo: A crescente incidência da resistência às drogas antifúngicas tornou-se um grande desafio para áreas médica e odontológica, fazendo com que a busca por métodos de tratamento alternativos ou em combinação com as já utilizadas sejam urgentemente necessárias. O objetivo deste projeto foi avaliar os efeitos da associação entre o plasma frio em pressão atmosférica e antifúngicos poliênicos convencionais utilizados no tratamento tópico da candidose bucal. Para tanto, foram realizados: a) Determinação das concentrações inibitórias dos antifúngicos poliênicos nistatina e anfotericina B e do plasma frio em pressão atmosférica sobre biofilmes de C. albicans; b) Avaliação do efeito dos tratamentos isolados e associados em condições/concentrações sub-inibitórias para fins de comparação e c) Avaliação dos diferentes protocolos de aplicação dos tratamentos, visando a obtenção da condição experimental mais eficaz para o controle do biofilme fúngico. Os dados de unidades formadoras de colônia foram comparados estatisticamente entre os grupos por One-way ANOVA e post hoc Tukey, com nível de significância de 5%. A partir dos resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que o jato de plasma apresentou efeito antifúngico similar quando aplicado isoladamente ou em associação com nistatina e anfotericina B. Ainda, foi possível concluir que o jato de plasma frio apresenta efeito antifúngico mais eficaz do que os tratamentos dos biofilmes utilizando nistatina e anfotericina B no tempo de 5 minutos.
Abstract: The increasing incidence of antifungal resistance represents a great challenge in the medical areas and Dentistry. For this reason, the search for alternative methods or combination with the conventional ones is urgently necessary. The aim of this project is to evaluate, the effects of association between atmospheric pressure cold plasma and conventional polyene antifungals used for the treatment of oral candidiasis will be studied. With this purpose, the following methodologies were be used: a) To determine the inhibitory concentrations of the polyene antifungals nystatin and amphotericin B and cold plasma on C. albicans biofilms, b) To evaluate the combination of treatments in subinhibitory conditions, including isolated treatments for comparison purposes and c) To evaluate different protocols of treatment application, aiming to obtain the most effective protocol against fungal biofilm. Data was compared by One-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey, with a significance level of 5%. Considering the results, it could be concluded that cold plasma showed similar effects when applied alone or in association to nystatin and amphotericin B. Cold plasma showed more effective antifungal effect on biofilms when compared to nystatin and amphotericin B, after 5 min exposure.
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Dunyach-Rémy, Catherine. "Infections fongiques à Candida : Nouvelle approche diagnostique et étude des mécanismes de résistance à la caspofungine." Montpellier 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON13509.
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La candidose profonde est encore de pronostic très sombre avec un taux de mortalité et de morbidité très élevé. Une amélioration de son pronostic pourrait-être obtenue en combinant de façon optimale les stratégies diagnostique et thérapeutique. C’est pourquoi la première partie de ce travail est consacré au développement d’une nouvelle technique diagnostique. Nous avons ainsi développé un outil prometteur qui permet de détecter et d’identifier rapidement et de façon spécifique de l’ADN fongique dans des sérums humains. Ce travail s’est ensuite naturellement orienté vers l’étude des mécanismes de résistance à la caspofungine (CAS) chez C. Albicans. Nous avons travaillé comparativement à la souche de référence (ATCC 90028) sur 2 isolats de C. Albicans de Concentration Minimale Inhibitrice élevée (CMI=8μg/ml): l’un (Caln-R) obtenu par pression de sélection à partir de la souche ATCC 90028 initialement sensible et l’autre (CaClin-R) isolé d’un patient après échec thérapeutique à la CAS. Une diminution de l’activité de la CAS sur ces deux isolats est visualisée par l’étude de l’inhibition de leur croissance et l’observation en microscopie électronique. Par ailleurs, nous nous sommes plus particulièrement intéressés à l’étude de 9 gènes pour Caln-R: certains tel que le gène FKS1, décrit comme impliqué dans les mécanismes de résistance et d’autres potentiellement impliqués dans la résistance à la CAS. Cette étude montre que des délétions au niveau de Crh11p peuvent apparaître chez une souche initialement sensible à la CAS après une exposition prolongée à cet antifongique entraînant une diminution de sensibilité de cet isolat à la CAS.
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ARTAZ, Roberto. "Collecting effectively information from people in web: a marketing challenge for social sciences." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Bergamo, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10446/26709.
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The aim of this research is to discuss how to effectively increase survey response and retention rates in online panels, a burning issue which can be viewed as a marketing problem in the social sciences. The author firstly considers the theory behind the methods for motivating people to participate in a survey, to respond and to remain for the full duration of a study. Then three hypotheses are formulated and tested in order to investigate the effects of combined strategies on participation and attrition. By means of a web-based panel experiment the research draws the attention to empirical evidence of phenomena that could be exploited in order to increase survey response and panel retention rates, namely the respondent tendency to lie and the trend of his trust in the inquirers. In order to enhance the construct validity a quantitative experiment and a qualitative research are integrated in a mixed approach design. The findings suggest that the trend of dropout is weaker when the relationship with the inquirers is framed as based on something like reciprocity than when it isn’t. Furthermore increasing tendency to lie in completing the questionnaire and diminishing declared trust in survey authors and sponsors seem to work as effective predictors of dropouts and non-responses in following experiment waves. And so two indices are proposed that can help panel managers to monitor the willingness to respond: the Pinocchio Ratio and the Candide Ratio. In short the research implies that stressing the reciprocity features of relationship can’t increase survey response but can reduce panel attrition in web-based studies. Moreover it points out that the more respondents tend to lie, the less they are willing to participate in following panel waves. Furthermore the less inquirers enjoy the trust of people under investigations, the more panelists are likely to drop out and to non-respond.
Nevertheless this study with the reported online experiment is not without limitations: on the one hand having recourse to all the members of a sub-population and not to a probability sample of the overall population may weaken the chance of generalize the findings. On the other hand using different amount of questionnaires and diverse intervals between waves and reminders could affect the results.
The main practical implication for marketing research and social sciences investigations at-large lies in the remark that reciprocity framework used as incentive doesn’t seem to be very effective in increasing response rate of one-time survey: therefore spending on implementation could be deemed unnecessary to do. On the contrary, in panels where the relationship with the inquirers is framed as based on reciprocity something happens. So it’s worthwhile considering the possibility of inserting in online questionnaires some items that can provide answers which work as predictors of future dropouts or non-responses. These items enable inquirers to monitor willingness to respond through the proposed indices and allow panel managers to intervene promptly in order to limit attrition.
The originality and the value of the study come from the choice made by the author of collecting and processing a large e-mails data bank that represents an overall sub-population with some descriptive characteristics well known. In fact the previous knowledge of some respondent’s socio-demographic aspects enabled an easier analysis of lies which was added to the estimate of declared trust: that allowed the construction of the two indices working as predictors, namely the Pinocchio Ratio and the Candide Ratio.
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Chbani-Rima, Asmâa. "Etude de la sécrétion de la protéinase acide par Candida albicans : purification, participation à la pathogénicité des souches et rôle immunogène dans les candidoses systémiques." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30182.
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Candida albicans est un champignon opportuniste, saprophyte du tube digestif. Cultive sur milieu contenant des proteines comme source d'azote, il secrete une proteinase acide (45 kda). Une etude de la secretion de cette proteinase a demontre que les souches pathogenes 7202, 3444 et 3623 presentent une activite proteolytique plus importante que la souche non pathogene 7400. La virulence des souches testees a ete confirmee in vivo chez la souris. Parallelement, une etude in vitro de l'adhesion des souches 3623 et 7400 aux cellules epitheliales vaginales humaines, etablit un index d'adhesion de 28,3 pour la souche pathogene et seulement 3,51 pour la souche commensale, permettant ainsi d'etablir une correlation entre la secretion de la proteinase et l'infectiosite. Par la technique de l'immunoblotting, nous avons utilise la proteinase acide purifiee comme support antigenique pour mettre en evidence des anticorps (igg) anti-proteinase dans le serum de souris infectees par une souche pathogene 7202 (forte activite proteolytique) alors que les serums de souris infectees par la souche commensale 7400 sont negatifs. Dans le cas des serums humains, des anticorps (igg) antiproteinase sont presents dans les serums ayant des titres eleves en anticorps anti-candida et inexistants dans le serum de sujets porteurs sains. En conclusion, la secretion de la proteinase acide par candida albicans pourrait etre utilisee, d'une part, pour etudier le pouvoir pathogene des souches et, d'autre part, dans le serodiagnostic des candidoses systemiques en raison des proprietes immunogenes de l'enzyme
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Rossoni, Rodnei Dennis [UNESP]. "Interações entre diferentes espécies de Candida na candidose experimental em modelos de invertebrados e vertebrados." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/108849.
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000776405.pdf: 3048630 bytes, checksum: dd7162075858785d5b09e7766ce033f4 (MD5)O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar in vitro e in vivo as interações entre as diferentes espécies de Candida por meio da formação de biofilme em placas de 96 poços, indução de candidose experimental em modelo de Galleria mellonella e de camundongos imunossuprimidos. Foram estudadas as cepas padrão das seguintes espécies: C. albicans (ATCC 18804), C. krusei (ATCC 6258) e C. glabrata (ATCC 90030). A partir de cada espécie, foram formados biofilmes monotípicos e heterotípicos no fundo da placa de 96 poços por 48 h. A seguir, a quantidade de biofilme formado foi analisada pela determinação do número de unidades formadoras de colônias (UFC/mL). G. mellonella foi inoculada com suspensões homotípicas e heterotípicas de Candida (105 células/mL) e incubadas a 37°C. Durante 5 dias, o número de lagartas mortas foi avaliado diariamente para análise da curva de sobrevivência. Em outro experimento, após 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 e 24 h da infecção por Candida, a hemolinfa das lagartas foi extraída para contagem das células fúngicas (UFC/mL). Para a indução da candidose bucal em camundongos, os animais foram inoculados com suspensões microbianas homotípicas ou heterotípicas contendo 108 células/mL. Após 48 h da última inoculação, amostras do dorso da língua foram coletadas e semeadas em ágar cromogênico HiCrome para contagem de UFC/mL recuperadas da cavidade bucal. Em seguida, os animais foram eutanasiados e as línguas retiradas para análise macroscópica e microscópica. A análise dos dados de UFC/mL dos biofilmes in vitro, de Candida na hemolinfa de G. mellonella e da recuperação dos camundongos foi feita por Análise de Variância, Teste de Tukey ou t de Student. A análise da curva de sobrevivência foi realizada utilizando o teste Log-rank (Mantel-Cox). Para avaliação dos escores obtidos na análise macroscópica e histológica foram aplicados os testes de Krusk-Wallis ou Mann-Whitney ...
The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro and in vivo interactions between different Candida species through the formation of biofilms in 96-well plates, induction of experimental candidiasis in Galleria mellonella model and immunosuppressed mice. We studied the standard strains of the following species: C. albicans (ATCC 18804), C. krusei (ATCC 6258) and C. glabrata (ATCC 90030). Monotypic biofilms of each species and heterotypic biofilms were performed on the bottom of 96-well plate for 48 h. Then, the amount of biofilm was analyzed by determining the number of colony forming units (CFU/mL). The larvae of G. mellonella were inoculated with homotypic and heterotypic suspensions of Candida (105 cells/mL) and incubated at 37°C. For 5 days, the number of dead larvae was assessed daily for survival curve analysis. In another experiment, after 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h of infection with Candida, hemolymph of worms was extracted for counting the fungal cells (CFU/mL). For induction of oral candidiasis in mice, the animals were inoculated with homotypic or heterotypic microbial suspensions containing 108 cells/mL. After 48 h of the last inoculation, samples of the tongue were collected and seed in HiCrome chromogenic agar for counting of CFU/mL recovered from the oral cavity. Then, the animals were euthanized and their tongues removed for macroscopic and microscopic analysis. The analysis of Candida biofilms in vitro CFU/mL, the hemolymph of G. mellonella and recovery of mice were made by ANOVA, Tukey test or Student’s t test. The analysis of the survival curve was performed using GraphPad Prism using the Log-rank test (Mantel - Cox). Kruskal-Wallis or Mann-Whitney were applied for evaluation scores of macroscopic and histological analysis (p≤0,05). The results of biofilms in vitro have demonstrated a lower number of CFU/mL of C. albicans biofilms in heterotypic biofilm compared ...
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Jorge, Antonio Olavo Cardoso. "Efeitos da sialoadenectomia na presença de Candida albicans e candidose na cavidade bucal de ratos." [s.n.], 1991. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/288374.
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Orientador: Oslei Paes de AlmeidaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: Neste trabalho foram estudados os efeitos da xerostomia, provocada pela remoção cirúrgica das glândulas salivares maiores, na permanência de Candida albicans e no desenvolvimento de condidose na cavidade bucal de ratos. De 381 ratos Wistar examinados, o gênero Candida foi isolado da boca de 65 animais (17,06%), e destes, 20% foram caracterizados como da espécie C.albicans. Nos experimentos posteriores foram usados apenas os ratos que não apresentavam levedura do gênero Candida na cavidade bucal. A permanência de C.albicans na boca de ratos normais e sialoadenectomizados, foi verificada após três inoculações de 10º células da levedura, em dias consecutivos. Em vários períodos de tempo, até o máximo de 18 semanas, C.albicans foi recuperada em maior quantidade e por tempo mais prolongado na boca dos animais sialoadenectomizados... Observação: O resumo, na íntegra, poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital
Abstract: On this work it was studied the effects of xerostomia, provoked by extirpation of the major salivary glands, on the carriage of Candida albicans and development of candidosis in the mouth of rats. Candida gender was isolated from 65 (17,06%) of 381 Wistar rats, and of these isolates, 20% were characterized as C. albicans species... Note:The complete abstract is available with the full electronic digital thesis or dissertations
Doutorado
Biologia e Patologia Buco-Dental
Doutor em Ciências
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Totti, Marilda Aparecida Gonçalves. "Candidose experimental e recuperação de Candida albicans na cavidade bucal de camundongos normais e xerostomicos." [s.n.], 1998. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/290377.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Antonio Olavo Cardoso JorgeTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: A presença de Candida albicans e o desenvolvimento de candidose na cavidade bucal de camundongos normais e xerostômicos foram avaliados após uma e quatro inoculações com 108 células viáveis de C. albicam; na boca dos animais. A xerostomia foi obtida pela retirada das glândulas salivares maiores dos camundongos (sialoadenectomia) e a recuperação da levedura foi realizada após 1, 2, 3,5, 8, 15 dias e a seguir intervalos regulares de 15 dias. A comprovação da levedura recuperada foi feita através de identificação da espécie e da verificação do fator killer. Candidose foi verificada no epitélio de 6 regiões do dorso da língua dos camundongos em cortes histológicos sagitais corados por H.E e P.A.S. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram: a) que a xerostomia produzida pela sialoadenectomia em camundongos, propiciou recuperação de C. albicans na cavidade bucal dos animais, em maior número e por períodos mais prolongados; b) as quantidades de C. albicans na cavidade bucal de camundongos sialoadenectomizados foram maiores estatisticamente significativas nas recuperações de 30 até 195 dias após 4 inoculações da levedura; c) candidose ocorreu em maior número de animais e as lesões foram mais extensas nos camundongos sialoadenectomizados, em relação aos normais
Abstract: The presence of Candida albicans and candidosis development in the oral cavity of normal and sialoadenectomized mice were evaluated after one and four inoculations, with 108 viable cells of C. albicans in the mouth of the animals. The xerostomia was obtained by surgical removal of the major salivary glands from mice (sialoadenectomy) and the recovery of the yeast was accomplished after 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 15 days and then in intervals of 15 days. The confirmation of the yeast recovered was established through identification of the species and the verification of the killer factor. Candidosis was verified in the epithelium of six are as of the dorsal mice tongue in sagital histological sections stained with hematoxylin & eosin and periodic acid-Schifr. The results obtained showed: a) that xerostomia produced by the sialoadenectomy in the mice propitiated recovery of C. albicans in the oral cavity of the animals in higher number and for more wide periods; b) The quantity of C. Albicans in the oral cavity of sialoadenectomized mice were larger and statistically significant in the recoveries of 30 to 195 days after four inoculations of the yeast; c) candidosis occured in higher number of animals and the lesions were more extensive in the sialoadenectomized mice in relation to the normal
Doutorado
Biologia e Patologia Buco-Dental
Doutor em Odontologia
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Rossoni, Rodnei Dennis. "Interações entre diferentes espécies de Candida na candidose experimental em modelos de invertebrados e vertebrados /." São José dos Campos, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/108849.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Juliana Campos JunqueiraBanca: Antonio Olavo Cardoso Jorge
Banca: Ewerton Garcia de Oliveira Mima
Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar in vitro e in vivo as interações entre as diferentes espécies de Candida por meio da formação de biofilme em placas de 96 poços, indução de candidose experimental em modelo de Galleria mellonella e de camundongos imunossuprimidos. Foram estudadas as cepas padrão das seguintes espécies: C. albicans (ATCC 18804), C. krusei (ATCC 6258) e C. glabrata (ATCC 90030). A partir de cada espécie, foram formados biofilmes monotípicos e heterotípicos no fundo da placa de 96 poços por 48 h. A seguir, a quantidade de biofilme formado foi analisada pela determinação do número de unidades formadoras de colônias (UFC/mL). G. mellonella foi inoculada com suspensões homotípicas e heterotípicas de Candida (105 células/mL) e incubadas a 37°C. Durante 5 dias, o número de lagartas mortas foi avaliado diariamente para análise da curva de sobrevivência. Em outro experimento, após 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 e 24 h da infecção por Candida, a hemolinfa das lagartas foi extraída para contagem das células fúngicas (UFC/mL). Para a indução da candidose bucal em camundongos, os animais foram inoculados com suspensões microbianas homotípicas ou heterotípicas contendo 108 células/mL. Após 48 h da última inoculação, amostras do dorso da língua foram coletadas e semeadas em ágar cromogênico HiCrome para contagem de UFC/mL recuperadas da cavidade bucal. Em seguida, os animais foram eutanasiados e as línguas retiradas para análise macroscópica e microscópica. A análise dos dados de UFC/mL dos biofilmes in vitro, de Candida na hemolinfa de G. mellonella e da recuperação dos camundongos foi feita por Análise de Variância, Teste de Tukey ou t de Student. A análise da curva de sobrevivência foi realizada utilizando o teste Log-rank (Mantel-Cox). Para avaliação dos escores obtidos na análise macroscópica e histológica foram aplicados os testes de Krusk-Wallis ou Mann-Whitney ...
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro and in vivo interactions between different Candida species through the formation of biofilms in 96-well plates, induction of experimental candidiasis in Galleria mellonella model and immunosuppressed mice. We studied the standard strains of the following species: C. albicans (ATCC 18804), C. krusei (ATCC 6258) and C. glabrata (ATCC 90030). Monotypic biofilms of each species and heterotypic biofilms were performed on the bottom of 96-well plate for 48 h. Then, the amount of biofilm was analyzed by determining the number of colony forming units (CFU/mL). The larvae of G. mellonella were inoculated with homotypic and heterotypic suspensions of Candida (105 cells/mL) and incubated at 37°C. For 5 days, the number of dead larvae was assessed daily for survival curve analysis. In another experiment, after 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h of infection with Candida, hemolymph of worms was extracted for counting the fungal cells (CFU/mL). For induction of oral candidiasis in mice, the animals were inoculated with homotypic or heterotypic microbial suspensions containing 108 cells/mL. After 48 h of the last inoculation, samples of the tongue were collected and seed in HiCrome chromogenic agar for counting of CFU/mL recovered from the oral cavity. Then, the animals were euthanized and their tongues removed for macroscopic and microscopic analysis. The analysis of Candida biofilms in vitro CFU/mL, the hemolymph of G. mellonella and recovery of mice were made by ANOVA, Tukey test or Student's t test. The analysis of the survival curve was performed using GraphPad Prism using the Log-rank test (Mantel - Cox). Kruskal-Wallis or Mann-Whitney were applied for evaluation scores of macroscopic and histological analysis (p≤0,05). The results of biofilms in vitro have demonstrated a lower number of CFU/mL of C. albicans biofilms in heterotypic biofilm compared ...
Mestre
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Gabriel, Sophie. "Etude comparative de levures pathogènes du genre Candida. Apport d'une approche multidisciplinaire dans la compréhension de la biologie de ces espèces." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20215.
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Les levures du genre candida sont des pathogenes opportunistes responsables d'infections superficielles et systemiques plus particulierement rencontres chez les patients immunodeprimes. Parmi ces especes, c. Albicans est la plus frequemment isolee et egalement la mieux etudiees. Recemment, la structure des populations de c. Albicans et son epidemiologie ont fait l'objet de nombreux travaux. En contrepartie, les autres especes de candida n'ont que rarement ete etudiees. Pour ces raisons, nous avons realise une etude comparative de differentes especes responsables de candidoses : saccharomyces cerevisiae, c. Albicans, c. Tropicalis et c. Dubliniensis. La structure genetique de ces especes a ete analysee par l'utilisation de marqueurs moleculaires independants et d'approches de genetique des populations. Chez s. Cerevisiae, une lignee clonale a ete mise en evidence au sein d'une population ou les echanges genetiques sont toujours presents. C. Albicans et c. Dubliniensis quant a elles, presentent des structures majoritairement clonales. En contrepartie, c. Tropicalis presente une structure intermediaire ; bien que possedant une structure majoritairement clonale, les echanges genetiques semblent avoir joue un role privilegie dans l'evolution de cette espece. L'etude de s. Cerevisiae nous a permis de valider l'approche de genetique des populations utilisee en comparant nos resultats a la biologie de la reproduction des souches analysees. L'interet et les limites des approches de genetique des populations sont discutes, notamment l'apport de celle-ci dans la connaissance generale de l'epidemiologie de ces especes. Neanmoins, cette approche ne nous a pas permis d'expliquer les differences epidemiologiques rapportees entre c. Albicans et c. Dubliniensis. Une etude comparative entre c. Albicans et c. Dubliniensis, basee sur l'analyse de phenomenes de recombinaisons impliques dans la reorganisation des sequences repetees rps, suggere que chez c. Dubliniensis les taux eleves de recombinaison mitotique pourraient en partie expliquer pourquoi cette espece phylogenetiquement tres proche de c. Albicans est moins frequemment rencontree.
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Bastos, Semíramis Deusdedith Teixeira. "Estratégias composicionais de um autor brasileiro : um estudo sobre a ironia, a paródia e a sátira em contos de Machado de Assis." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/7640.
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Nesta tese, pretendo desenvolver um estudo comparatista com o objetivo de demonstrar o efeito de crítica cultural implícito no uso da ironia e da paródia de discursos não-literários em contos de Machado de Assis. Este trabalho visa também investigar a relação das narrativas desse autor com o gênero sátira – a partir do manejo das referidas estratégias composicionais – e, assim, ressaltar a especificidade do seu realismo e a natureza de sua perspectiva satírica, quando comparada às que se apresentam nas sátiras de Voltaire (Cândido) e de Swift (As Viagens de Gulliver).
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Lima, Aleida Maria da Silva. "Atividade imunoestimulante da ?-1,3 glucana em candid?ase vulvovaginal experimental." PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM CI?NCIAS FARMAC?UTICAS, 2012. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/24440.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)
A candis?ase vulvovaginal (CVV) ? uma doen?a inflamat?ria, no tecido vaginal, causada principalmente por leveduras patog?nicas de Candida albicans. E atualmente CVV ? um problema significativo na sa?de da mulher. As ? glucanas s?o polissacar?deos estruturais da parede celular da levedura Saccharomyces cerevisiae e existem v?rios relatos que demonstram o efeito imunomodulador desta estrutura em infec??es bacterianas, virais, f?ngicas e parasit?rias. Sabendo disso, o presente estudo avaliou se a ?-glucana tem atividade imunomoduladora em camundongos com candid?ase vulvovaginal sob a influ?ncia do estr?geno. Os animais foram inoculados com C. albicans, por via intravaginal, e tratados com glucana, vaginal e intraperitonealmente, e os animais do grupo de controle receberam por via intraperitoneal, solu??o salina. Os animais tratados com glucana intraperitoneal e vaginal mostraram menor n?mero de UFC, no fluido vaginal, em compara??o com animais controles. No entanto, os resultados mais marcantes foram do intraperitoneal, confirmando com o histopatol?gico, por?m sem diferen?a estatisticamente significante. Em rela??o ao influxo dos neutr?filos polimorfonucleares (PMNs), os grupos tratados com glucana mostraram maior infiltra??o desses. Al?m disso, observou-se que os animais tratados com glucana apresentaram uma maior quantidade de IFN-?, no lavado vaginal, em compara??o com o controle. Os dados sugerem que glucana pode ter uma atividade importante na prote??o contra C. albicans.
Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is an inflammatory disease, on vaginal tissue, caused mainly by pathogenic yeasts of Candida albicans. And actually, VVC is currently a significant problem in women's health. The ?-glucans are structural polysaccharides of the cell wall of the fungi Saccharomyces cerevisiae and there are several reports that demonstrate the immunomodulatory effect this structure in infections of bacterial, viral, fungal and parasitic. Knowing this, the present study evaluated whether ?- glucan has immunomodulatory activity in mice with vulvovaginal candidiasis under the influence of estrogen. The animals were inoculated with C. albicans, intravaginally, and treated with glucan, vaginally and intraperitoneally, and the control group animals received saline, intraperitoneally. The animals treated with intraperitoneal and vaginal glucan showed smaller number of the CFU, in the vaginal fluid, compared with control animals. However the results more marked was of the intraperitonel, confirmed with histopathological, but in neither case the results were statistically significant. Relative to influx of the polymorphonuclear neutrophilis (PMNs), the groups treated with glucan showed greater infiltration. Moreover, it was observed that animals treated with glucan showed a higher quantity of IFN-?, in vaginal washed, compared with the control. The data suggest that glucan may have an important activity in protection against C. albicans.
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Pujol, Claude. "Etude génétique et épidémiologique des souches de Candida albicans isolées chez des patients VIH+." Montpellier 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON13513.
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Rollet, Olivier. "Le diagnostic mycologique des levures du genre candida : etude comparative de divers milieux d'identification." Strasbourg 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STR15107.
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Fournier, Martine. "Caractérisation moléculaire de la résistance croisée fluorocytosine-fluconazole chez la levure opportuniste pathogène Candida lusitaniae." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05P633.
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Le but de notre étude était de comprendre les événements moléculaires liés aux mécanismes de résistance à la 5FC chez Candida lusitaniae. Les principaux gènes du métabolisme de la 5FC : FCY2, FCY1 et FUR1 ont été invalidés par recombinaison homologue intragénique d'une séquence contenant : à la fois le gène URA3 de Candida lusitaniae (marqueur de sélection), entouré des séquences REP (séquences répétitives) et à la fois des régions homologues du gène cible. La recombinaison homologue des séquences a permis la sélection des génotypes : fcy2 (fcy2D : :REP-URA3-REP), fcy1(fcy1D : :REP-URA3-REP) et fur1 (fur1D : :REP-URA3-REP). Les mutants fcy2 et fcy1 étaient résistants à la 5FC (bas niveaux) et à l’association 5FC/FLC (fluconazole). Le mutant fur1 était résistant à la fois à la 5-FC et au 5-fluorouracile (5FU) avec des niveaux de résistance très élevés à ces deux antifongiques, sans résistance croisée 5FC/FLC. La deuxième approche a été l’étude de onze isolats cliniques de Candida lusitaniae présentant une résistance à la 5FC et une résistance croisée 5FC/FLC. L’analyse de la séquence nucléotidique du gène FCY2 a montré chez 7 isolats cliniques une substitution dans la région codante en position 505 de la PCP ce qui engendre un codon STOP (CAG devient TAG). La réintroduction de l’allèle FCY2 sauvage au locus fcy2 muté permet de restaurer la sensibilité à la 5FC. Concernant les quatre isolats cliniques restants, l’analyse de la séquence nucléotidique de FCY1 a retrouvé une mutation T26C qui se traduit par une substitution d’une méthionine par une thréonine en position 9 de la cytosine déaminase. La réintroduction de l’allèle FCY1 sauvage au niveau du locus fcy1 muté permet de retrouver un phénotype sensible à la 5FC ce qui n’est pas le cas lors de l’introduction de l’allèle fcy1(T26C) mutéThe aim of this work was to understand the molecular mechanisms of flucytosine (5FC) resistance and 5FC/fluconazole (FLC) by Candida lusitaniae. In the first part, we disrupted the main genes of 5FC metabolism : FCY2, FCY1 and FUR1 by homologous recombination with a linear cassettes containing the C. Lusitaniae URA3 gene flanked by direct repeats (REP), plus regions homologous to the target genes. We selected the mutant fcy2 (genotype : fcy2D ::REP-URA3-REP), the mutant fcy1 (genotype : fcy1D ::REP-URA3-REP) and the mutant fur1 (fur1D ::REP-URA3-REP). Mutants fcy2 and fcy1 were 5FC-resistant and cross-resistant to 5-FC and FLC when both antifungals were used in combination. The mutant fur1 was cross-resistant to 5-FC and 5FU (5-fluorouracil). In the second part, we studied 11 clinical isolates of C lusitaniae. Nucleotide sequencing of the FCY2 alleles revealed that the 5FC and 5FC/FLC resistance could be correlated with a cytosine to thymine substitution at nucleotide 505 in the FCY2 gene of seven isolates, resulting in a non-sense mutation. Reintroducing a FCY2 wild-type allele at the fcy2 locus restored susceptibility levels to antifungals comparable to those of the wild-type strains. In the remaining four isolates, a polymorphic nucleotide was found in FCY1 where the nucleotide substitution T26C resulted in the amino acid replacement met9thr in cytosine deaminase. Antifungal susceptibility was restored by introducing a wild-type FCY1 allele but failed by introducing mutated allele. We thus, found a correlation between the fcy1 T26C mutation and both 5FC and 5FC/FCZ resistance. We demonstrated that only two genetic events occurred in 11 unrelated clinical isolates of C lusitaniae for supporting 5FC and 5FC/FCZ resistance
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Mattei, Antonella Souza. "Candida albicans versus Candida dubliniensis : identificação, virulência, perfil de suscetibilidade antifúngica e epidemiologia dos casos clínicos de candidose sistêmica diagnosticados em um hospital de Porto Alegre - RS." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/71633.
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Essa tese teve como objetivo avaliar todos os casos de candidose sistêmica por Candida albicans identificadas através de kit comercial ID 32C® (bioMérieux), diagnosticados no Laboratório de Micologia da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre/RS, durante o período de 1999 a 2009, buscando identificar a prevalência de C. dubliniensis, bem como avaliar os fatores de virulência e diferença de perfil de suscetibilidade antifúngica entre os isolados clínicos. Foi realizado um levantamento clínico-epidemiológico dos casos incluídos no estudo, avaliando sexo, idade, manifestações clínicas, evolução, região proveniente do paciente, doença de base, condições predisponentes, utilização de corticóides e antibióticos e resposta ao tratamento recebido. Para a diferenciação das duas espécies utilizou-se testes fenotípicos (arranjo dos clamidosporos, teste de termotolerância, formação do tubo germinativo, crescimento em meio hipertônico e niger), molecular (espectrometria de massa) e genotípico (reação em cadeia da polimerase - PCR). Em adição, foi avaliada a eficácia do método de conservação das leveduras estocadas a -20ºC e comparamos quatro substratos (soro fresco, soro congelado, ágar e caldo Mueller-Hinton) para a prova do tubo germinativo. Determinou-se a produção da fosfolipase e proteinase em isolados incluídos no estudo. A atividade in vitro dos antifúngicos fluconazol, anfotericina B e anidulafungina frente aos isolados estudados foi determinada através da concentração inibitória mínima (CIM), a concentração fungicida mínima (CFM) e ponto de corte epidemiológico (ECV). Os casos de candidemia por C. albicans diagnosticados durante 10 anos ocorreram com maior frequência em pacientes adultos com presença de cateteres. Observamos que houve maior chance de ocorrência desta em pacientes oncológicos. O percentual de alta nos pacientes foi baixo. O método utilizado para a conservação de leveduras nesse estudo apresentou taxa de 70% de viabilidade. O ágar e o caldo Mueller-Hinton demonstraram sensibilidade de 90% e especificidade de 100%. Os isolados de C. albicans provenientes de hemocultivos apresentaram produção de fosfolipase em 78% e proteinase em 97% dos isolados. A espécie C. dubliniensis não foi identificada em isolados de hemocultivos, sendo todos os casos de candidemia por C. albicans. Os testes microcultivo em ágar fubá, espectrometria de massa, caldo niger e caldo hipertônico concordaram com o teste genotípico. Os isolados de C. albicans apresentaram maior suscetibilidade a anidulafungina, entretanto, os menores valores obtidos em 90% dos isolados (CIM90) foi pela anfotericina B. E através do ECV, os isolados poderiam ser resistentes ao fluconazol, demonstrando a importância da associação desses dois parâmetros.The aim this tesis was to evaluate systemic candidiasis cases by Candida albicans through ID 32C® (bioMérieux), at Mycology Laboratory of the Santa Casa de Porto Alegre/RS, during 1999 to 2009, seeking to identify the C. dubliniensis prevalence, as well as evaluating the virulence factors and antifungal susceptibility profile difference of among isolates. The clinical and epidemiological survey was made through gender, age, clinical manifestations, evolution, patient's region, underlying disease, predisposing conditions, steroids and antibiotics use, and response to treatment. The phenotypic tests (tthermotolerance, germ tube, hypertonic and Niger medium), molecular (mass spectrometry) and genotypic (polymerase chain reaction – PCR) was used for two species identification. We also assessed if the mantainance of C. albicans stored at - 20ºC in a freezer with sterile distilled water was usefull.The four substrate (fresh and frozen serum, agar and broth Mueller-Hinton®) were used for germ tube formation and the phospholipase and proteinase activity were evaluated. The in vitro activity of fluconazole, amphotericin B and anidulafungin were compared through the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) and epidemiological cutoff value (ECV). The candidemia cases by C. albicans for ten years occurred more frequently in adult and catheters use. We observed the more chance this occurrence in cancer patients. The survival percentage was low. The used method in the study for yeast stored had 70% of viability. The agar and broth Mueller-Hinton were 90% sensitivity and 100% specificity. The boodstream isolates of C. albicans produce virulence factors, such the germ tube production and hydrolytic enzymes (78% of phospholipase and 97% of protease) production. The C. dubliniensis was not identified in bloodstream isolates, thus all candidemia cases were by C. albicans. The mass spectrometry, cornmeal agar, Niger and hypertonic broth agreed with genotypic test. The isolates exhibited more susceptibility to anidulafungin, and 90% of them (MIC90) exhibited the lowest values against amphotericin B. Based on ECV and Pfaller classification, isolates could be resistant to fluconazole, demonstrating the importance of the combination of these parameters.
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Linder, Johannes, and Magnus Gudmandsen. "Telepresence using Kinect and an animated robotic face : An experimental study regarding the sufficiency of using a subset of the CANDIDE-3 model and the Microsoft Kinect Face Tracking device for capturing and animating the most typical facial expressions." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-177115.
Full textAbstract:
This Bachelor’s Thesis in Computer Science investigates the use of the parameterised facial animation model named CANDIDE-3 (J. Ahlberg, 2001) in Telepresence communication with relatively cheap hardware. An experimental study was conducted to evaluate how well an implementation using the Microsoft Kinect Face Tracking device could capture and animate the 6 classical emotional states: joy, sadness, surprise, anger, fear and disgust. A total of 80 test candidates took part in a survey where they were to try and classify the emotional states of images of photographed and animated faces. The animated faces were created using the prototype system built for the purpose of the survey and rendered onto the robotic Furhat face (Al Moubayed, S., Skantze, G., Beskow, J., Stefanov, K., & Gustafson, J, 2012). Results showed that a person’s emotional state is preserved very well through the animation technique used, and for some basic emotions, like joy or sadness, the animation could even amplify the emotional state for the viewer. However, the 6 Action Units captured from the Kinect device were not enough to sufficiently distinguish between even some of most the basic emotional states (e.g. disgust, anger).Denna kandidatuppsats inom Datateknik undersöker hur väl den parametriserade animationsmodellen CANDIDE-3 (J.Ahlberg, 2001) kan användas för att visa ansiktsuttryck inom Telepresence-sammanhang med hjälp av relativt billig hårdvara. En experimentell studie utfördes för att undersöka hur väl en implementation som använder Microsoft Kinects ansiktsigenkänning kunde fånga och animera de 6 klassiska ansiktsuttrycken: glädje, sorg, förvåning, ilska, rädsla och avsky. Totalt deltog 80 personer i undersökningen där deras uppgift var att klassificera känslomässiga tillstånd från fotograferade och animerade ansikten. De animerade ansiktena skapades med hjälp av det prototypsystem som byggdes i undersökningens syfte och renderades på det robotiserade Furhat-ansiktet (Al Moubayed, S., Skantze, G., Beskow, J., Stefanov, K., & Gustafson, J, 2012). Resultat visade att en persons känslomässiga tillstånd väldigt väl bevaras genom animationstekniken som används, och för några grundläggande känslor, såsom glädje och sorg, kunde animationen till och med förstärka det känslomässiga tillståndet för åskådaren. De 6 AU-enheterna som fångas av Kinect-enheten var dock inte tillräckliga för att särskilja till och med några av de mest grundläggande känslomässiga tillstånden (såsom avsky, ilska).
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Scherma, Alexandre Prado. "Efeitos da penicilina, metronidazol e tetraciclina na recuperação de candida albicans e na candidose bucal em ratos /." São José dos Campos, 2005. http://www.dominiopublico.gov.br/pesquisa/DetalheObraForm.do?select_action=&co_obra=100660.
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Martineau, Philippe. "Caractérisation d'une protéine de 47 KDA chez le pathogène humain candida albicans." Thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2004/21861/21861.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Candida albicans est un champignon pouvant être pathogène pour l’humain. Il peut passer de la forme levure à la forme mycélienne selon son environnement. Cette capacité au dimorphisme a été démontrée chez l’animal comme étant un facteur de virulence important. En utilisant la technique du differential display, nous avons déterminé un certain nombre de gènes exprimés préférentiellement dans la forme mycélienne. Un de ceux-ci a été cloné et l’analyse de sa séquence a révélé une homologie de 70% avec le gène PHO89 de Saccharomyces cerevisiae, codant pour un transporteur de phosphate. Pour vérifier le fonctionnement de CaPHO89, le cadre de lecture ouvert a été cloné dans un vecteur d’expression de S. cerevisiae et transformé dans un mutant de S. cerevisiae délétant pour PHO89. La capacité de ce transformant à transporter le phosphate a été évaluée en utilisant du [32P]-orthophosphate. Les résultats obtenus ont montré que CaPHO89 peut rétablir le phénotype sauvage de S. cerevisiae, suggérant que CaPHO89 encode un transporteur de phosphate fonctionnel.Candida albicans is a human fungal pathogen which can switch from yeast-like growth to filamentous growth depending upon its environment. The ability to grow in the filamentous form has been shown to be important for virulence in animal models. Using the differential display technique, we have identified a number of genes preferentially expressed in filamentous cells. One of them was cloned and sequence analysis revealed 70% homology with Pho89 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a gene encoding a phosphate transporter. To verify the function of CaPHO89, the open reading frame was cloned into an expression vector and transformed into a S. cerevisiae pho89 null mutant strain. Phosphate transport in the transformants was evaluated using [32P]-orthophosphate. The results obtained showed that CaPHO89 could restore the wild-type phenotype in S. cerevisiae, suggesting that CaPHO89 encodes a functional phosphate transporter.