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Books on the topic 'Canino incluso'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

Sloot, Bart. The General Data Protection Regulation in Plain Language. Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463726511.

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The General Data Protection Regulation in Plain Language is a guide for anyone interested in the much-discussed rules of the GDPR. In this legislation, which came into force in 2018, the European Union meticulously describes what you can and cannot do with data about other people. Violating these rules can lead to a fine of up to 20 million euros. This book sets out the most important obligations of individuals and organisations that process data about others. These include taking technical security measures, carrying out an impact assessment and registering all data-processing procedures with
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2

Colmeiro, José, and Alfredo Martínez-Expósito. Repensar los estudios ibéricos desde la periferia. Edizioni Ca' Foscari, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-302-1.

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Este volumen es un intento de renovación y desperiferialización de los estudios ibéricos, enfocando lo periférico como posicionamiento geográfico, cultural e ideológico, a la hora de cuestionar la óptica hegemónica del centro y revisar los cánones culturales preexistentes, y sus vacíos, exclusiones e invisibilidades. Se trata de una múltiple tarea – realizada desde Australia y Nueva Zelanda – que incluye el estudio de formas culturales periféricas, tanto de las llamadas nacionalidades históricas ausentes del canon cultural/literario/lingüístico castellano, como de otros grupos minorizados que
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3

Ariese, Csilla, and Magdalena Wróblewska. Practicing Decoloniality in Museums. Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463726962.

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The cry for decolonization has echoed throughout the museum world. Although perhaps most audibly heard in the case of ethnographic museums, many different types of museums have felt the need to engage in decolonial practices. Amidst those who have argued that an institution as deeply colonial as the museum cannot truly be decolonized, museum staff and museologists have been approaching the issue from different angles to practice decoloniality in any way they can. This book collects a wide range of practices from museums whose audiences, often highly diverse, come together in sometimes contenti
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4

Carreira, Isabel Marques, Ilda Patrícia Ribeiro, and Joana Barbosa de Melo. Cancro da Cabeça e Pescoço: Aspectos Particulares do Cancro Oral. Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-1858-6.

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A designação “cancro da cabeça e pescoço” (CCP) inclui os tumores que se localizam em diferentes regiões anatómicas como a cavidade oral, a orofaringe e a faringe, bem como outras localizações como o lábio, a nasofaringe, a hipofaringe e a laringe. Neste livro são abordados diferentes conceitos no âmbito do CCP com particular ênfase naqueles que dizem respeito aos tumores da cavidade oral. É feita uma análise da epidemiologia, dos mecanismos moleculares e celulares bem como das particularidades relevantes a ter em consideração para o diagnóstico e terapêutica. São também discutidos aspectos pa
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5

Gallagher, Edmon L., and John D. Meade. Latin Christian Lists. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198792499.003.0004.

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This chapter contains texts, translations, and analysis of the nine early canon lists (Old Testament and/or New Testament) in Latin in probable chronological order: Muratorian Fragment, Codex Claromontanus, Mommsen Catalogue, Hilary of Poitiers, Jerome of Stridon, Rufinus of Aquileia, Breviarium Hipponense, Augustine of Hippo, and Pope Innocent I. The Latin West tells a slightly different story of the canon to the Greek East. Only Hilary, Jerome, and Rufinus present the OT canon similar to the Jews and the Greek lists, while Mommsen, Breviarium Hipponense, Augustine, Claromontanus, and Innocen
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Chinoy, Hector, and Robert G. Cooper, eds. Myositis (Oxford Rheumatology Library). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198754121.001.0001.

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Myositis, or the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IMM) are a group of rare autoimmune diseases of considerable health significance. Features include muscle weakness, raised skeletal muscle enzymes, and characteristic histopathological changes. IIM can be split into polymyositis (PM), dermatomyositis (DM), and inclusion body myositis (IBM). If diagnosed promptly PM and DM can be treated with immunosuppression, but IBM currently cannot be treated. Summarizing the current understanding of the epidemiology, genetic and environmental risk factors, and clinical features, this handbook gives pract
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7

Trestman, Robert L., and Ashbel T. Wall. Supply Reduction in Prison. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199374847.003.0015.

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Interdiction of addictive substances is a challenge in all settings. Prisons are no exception. Given the high prevalence of addictive disorders among prisoner populations the demand for illicit substances is very high. This chapter reviews the ways in which correctional staff have approached this concern, including a substantial focus on preventing illicit substances from entering the facility in the first place. This effort requires a broad array of interventions, including monitoring phone calls and mail; structuring and overseeing the visitation process; using trained canines; and employing
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8

Dancy, Jonathan. What Is the (Supposed) Problem about Practical Reasoning? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805441.003.0002.

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This chapter lays out various considerations that have persuaded people, or that might have influenced people to believe, that reasoning cannot ‘conclude in’ action in the way that it can ‘conclude in’ belief. These include a sense that action is so unlike belief that it cannot figure anywhere in a process of inference; one cannot infer an action. Such suggestions are to be rejected in favour of the Aristotelian view that action can be the conclusion of reasoning, just as can belief. The chapter also makes some suggestions about how to conceive of action.
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9

Bowman, Dwight D. Zoonotic hookworm infections. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0069.

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Hookworms on occasion cause creeping lesions in the superficial layers of the human skin that have been designated as cutaneous larva migrans for the purpose of contrasting the condition with visceral larva migrans. Currently, the disease is presenting most commonly to physicians specializing in tropical or travel medicine in patients who have just visited a tropical beach and are presenting with serpiginous tracks in their skin. The serpiginous tracts can persist for week, and are often pruritic, may be associated with accompanying bulla, and can rarely lead to secondary sequelae. The larval
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10

Cranshaw, Jules, and Tim Cook. Airway assessment and management. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198719410.003.0037.

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This chapter discusses the assessment and management of the airway. It begins with methods of assessing the airway and describes the approach to the unanticipated difficult airway. Topics covered include failed intubation, techniques for managing the anticipated difficult intubation, the cannot-intubate-cannot-ventilate scenario, the management of the obstructed airway, rapid sequence induction, inhalational induction, and awake fibreoptic intubation. It concludes with a discussion of extubating the patient after a difficult intubation.
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Cranshaw, Jules, and Tim Cook. Airway assessment and management. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198719410.003.0037_update_001.

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This chapter discusses the assessment and management of the airway. It begins with methods of assessing the airway and describes the approach to the unanticipated difficult airway. Topics covered include failed intubation, techniques for managing the anticipated difficult intubation, the cannot-intubate-cannot-ventilate scenario, the management of the obstructed airway, rapid sequence induction, inhalational induction, and awake fibreoptic intubation. It concludes with a discussion of extubating the patient after a difficult intubation.
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Kleege, Georgina. What They Talk About When They Talk About Art. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190604356.003.0009.

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This chapter will explore the possibilities and pitfalls involved in verbal description of art for a blind audience. Since the vast majority of any museum’s holdings cannot be touched, access programs for the blind rely on verbal description of painting, drawing, prints, photography, and the majority of sculpture. But is it possible to put a picture into words, and will those words be meaningful to someone who cannot see? This chapter provides a close reading of the audio tours at New York’s Museum of Modern Art, comparing tracks for mainstream auditors to those created for blind people and ch
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13

Burge, Peter. Dupuytren’s disease. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199550647.003.006007.

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♦ Dupuytren’s disease is characterised by contracture of a finger resulting from thickening and shortening of the palmar fascia♦ A genetic component to the aetiology is apparent, smoking, alcohol and diabetes can increase the risk♦ The pathogenesis of Dupuytren’s disease remains elusive♦ Non-surgical treatment options include splintage, steroid injection and collagenase injection♦ Surgery cannot cure the disease but can straighten bent digits and minimize recurrence♦ Operative methods can be considered with regards to incision, management of the diseased fascia and closure techniques♦ Operativ
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14

Hellman, Samuel. Academic Medicine. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190650551.003.0003.

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The proper education of a doctor must not be restricted to the sciences but rather must include study of the humanities and the social sciences. This is best achieved by having an interactive and physically integrally located medical school. Not only must medicine be based on modern biology, a biology education is also essential for all college undergraduates. One cannot consider genetic engineering if one does not understand what a gene is and how it is controlled. Unique to medical education are the places of medical practice. Besides providing a site of learning, the teaching hospital must
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15

Wade, Stephen. Ora Dell Graham. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036880.003.0003.

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This chapter describes the recordings of Ora Dell Graham. In the fall of 1940, the year she turned twelve, Ora Dell stood before her classmates in her school auditorium. As John A. Lomax operated a disc recorder, she performed a handful of songs that she animated with dance steps, hand clapping, and vocal effects. Three of these numbers, along with the earliest published recordings of Muddy Waters, subsequently appeared on an album of African American blues and game songs issued by the Library of Congress. This news came as a surprise to her nephew, Sonny Milton. He then asked why anyone would
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16

Joanne, Foakes, and Denza Eileen. Book III Privileges and Immunities, 14 Privileges and Immunities of Diplomatic Agents. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198739104.003.0014.

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This chapter explores the immunities accorded to a diplomatic agent personally, as distinct from those dealt with in the previous chapter. These include personal inviolability and immunity from criminal, civil, and administrative jurisdiction. Unless entitled to some specific exemption by international agreement or by national law, a diplomatic agent is otherwise legally bound by the laws and regulations of the receiving State. Diplomatic agents are not exempt from the obligation to obey the local criminal law, or from the duty to pay debts, or to seek local planning permission before rebuildi
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17

Martinez-Hurtado, Eugenio Daniel, and María Luisa Mariscal Flores, eds. An Update on Airway Management. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/97898114323851200301.

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In recent years, there have been many advances in the safe management of the patient's airway, a cornerstone of anesthetic practice. An Update on Airway Management brings forth information about new approaches in airway management in many clinical settings. This volume analyzes and explains new preoperative diagnostic methods, algorithms, intubation devices, extubation procedures, novelties in postoperative management in resuscitation and intensive care units, while providing a simple, accessible and applicable reading experience that helps medical practitioners in daily practice. The comprehe
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18

Cooper, Brittney C. Prologue. University of Illinois Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040993.003.0001.

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Beyond Respectability employs an Anna Julia Cooperian approach to reading and interrogating the theoretical work and lived experiences of Black women intellectuals. To understand this methodological approach, one needs to first become acquainted with two of Cooper’s cardinal commitments. They include: 1) a commitment to seeing the Black female body as a form of possibility and not a burden, and 2) a commitment to centering the Black female body as a means to cathect Black social thought. In Voice, Cooper places the Black female body and all that it knows squarely in the center of the text’s me
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Mendelovici, Angela. Functional Role Theories and Tracking Theories Again. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190863807.003.0004.

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This chapter considers functional role theories of intentionality, on which original intentionality is a matter of a representation's functional roles. According to short-arm functional role theories, these functional roles only include functional relations between representations, while according to long-arm versions of the theory, the relevant functional roles can include relations to items in the external environment. This chapter argues that short-arm theories face in-principle difficulties: they cannot attribute content determinately, and it is not clear why functional roles should give r
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20

Baracos, Vickie E., Sharon M. Watanabe, and Kenneth C. H. Fearon. Aetiology, classification, assessment, and treatment of the anorexia-cachexia syndrome. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656097.003.0205.

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Anorexia-cachexia is a heterogeneous and multifactorial syndrome most likely driven by systemic inflammation and neuroendocrine activation. Key diagnostic features include reduced appetite, weight loss, and muscle wasting. Key clinical problems include management of anorexia without resort to artificial nutritional support, and muscle wasting that cannot be completely arrested/reversed even with such intervention. Assessment should cover domains such as body stores of energy and protein, food intake, performance status, and factors resulting in excess catabolism. Intervention should be early r
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21

Warshaw, Christopher. Latent Constructs in Public Opinion. Edited by Lonna Rae Atkeson and R. Michael Alvarez. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190213299.013.30.

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Many of the most important constructs in public opinion research are abstract, latent quantities that cannot be directly observed from individual questions on surveys. Examples include ideology, political knowledge, racial prejudice, and consumer confidence. In each of these examples, individual survey questions are merely noisy indicators of the theoretical quantities that scholars are interested in measuring. This chapter describes a number of approaches for measuring latent constructs such as these at both the individual and group levels. It also discusses a number of substantive applicatio
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Laureno, Robert. Selected Concepts. Edited by Robert Laureno. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190607166.003.0016.

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This chapter on “Selected Concepts” examines the evolution of neurological concepts during the modern era. Examples presented include the concepts of transient ischemic attack, disconnection syndrome, thoracic outlet syndrome, and Wilbrand’s knee. Over the past half century, neurology has witnessed great technological advances. Newer scientific methods, such as MRI scanning, have led to new knowledge that has necessitated changes in neurologic concepts. During recent decades, new concepts have emerged. Infectious proteins, antibody-mediated brain disease, channelopathies, and the glymphatic sy
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Dalal, Shalini. Octreotide for Malignant Bowel Obstruction (DRAFT). Edited by Nathan A. Gray and Thomas W. LeBlanc. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190658618.003.0026.

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This chapter describes a prospective study published in 2002 evaluating the role of octreotide in the symptomatic management of advanced cancer patients with bowel obstruction that cannot be treated surgically. The chapter describes the basics of the study, including funding, year study began, year study was published, study location, who was studied, who was excluded, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, gives a summary and discusses implications, a
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Kohan, Lynn, and James Liadis. Cervicogenic Pain. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190271787.003.0006.

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Cervicogenic pain is a common source of pain in many patients who present with neck and head pain. It is a secondary headache believed to be caused by referral of pain from a variety of upper cervical pain generators. The typical pain generators of cervicogenic headache are structures that are innervated by the upper three cervical nerves and that relay these signals through the trigeminocervical nucleus, resulting in head pain. Imaging studies may help to rule out other pathologies but cannot be used to make a diagnosis of cervicogenic headache. Treatment options include a multidisciplinary a
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Harker, Jaime. The Lesbian South. University of North Carolina Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469643359.001.0001.

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In this book, Jaime Harker uncovers a largely forgotten literary renaissance in southern letters. Anchored by a constellation of southern women, the Women in Print movement grew from the queer union of women’s liberation, civil rights activism, gay liberation, and print culture. Broadly influential from the 1970s through the 1990s, the Women in Print movement created a network of writers, publishers, bookstores, and readers that fostered a remarkable array of literature. With the freedom that the Women in Print movement inspired, southern lesbian feminists remade southernness as a site of inte
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Swinburne, Richard. The Argument from Colors and Flavors. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190842215.003.0018.

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A physical event is one to which no one person has privileged access (by experiencing it), and a mental event is one to which its subject has privileged access. Mental events include conscious events; brain events are physical events. A fundamental physical theory has few physical laws. But mental events include many different unanalyzable sensations, and innumerable different “propositional” events. So if mind-brain connections are lawlike, there will be innumerable independent psychophysical laws. It is improbable that such a vast number of laws would have come into existence by chance; but
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Levine, Joseph. Conscious Awareness and (Self-)Representation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198800088.003.0007.

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Another kind of representational theory of phenomenal character is higher-order theory, which identifies our awareness of our conscious states with a higher-order representation of them. One version of such a theory is the “self-representational” theory, according to which phenomenally conscious states are those that include a representation of themselves, along with whatever perceptual content they possess. I criticize this approach for not properly capturing conscious subjectivity, which is its alleged principal virtue. In particular, I argue that the kind of cognitive relation that obtains
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Sierpina, Michelle, and Beverly Lunsford. Positive Aging. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190466268.003.0032.

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While we cannot control all the factors involved in aging, there is much we can do as individuals and as a society to contribute to continued improvements in our well-being and longevity. Tomorrow’s healthy aging requires creating options for older adults by funding and providing exceptional, evidence-supported aging services within our communities. It also involves educating health care providers and older adults and their families about the most current interventions for optimizing dynamic, positive aging. Those options include creative expression through music, dance and other physical acti
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Buchanan, Allen. Improvements in Moral Concepts and the Human Rights Movement. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190868413.003.0010.

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This chapter examines several momentous improvements in moral understanding, all of which represent impressive gains in inclusiveness. These changes—all of which are embodied in the modern human rights movement—include expansions in understandings of the domain of justice (the class of beings to whom justice is owed) and in the territory of justice (the kinds of actions and states of affairs that can be just or unjust), a redrawing of the distinction between justice and charity, the extension of a broad set of rights to all human beings, the recognition that some basic rights cannot be forfeit
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Newman, Chris, and Andrew Byrne. Musteloid diseases: implications for conservation and species management. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759805.003.0009.

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The role of disease in population regulation is often overlooked in ecology and conservation. Due to their diversity, the musteloids host a wide range of pathogens. These include diseases of commercial importance, such Aleutian mink disease virus which impacts mink ranching, or bovine tuberculosis leading to interventions to manage European badgers. Skunks and raccoons are major rabies hosts in North America, and because these small carnivores insinuate themselves into close proximity with people, they can pose substantial zoonotic risks. Musteloids also share diseases between species, such as
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Milne, Andy. Linking Sonic Aesthetics with Mathematical Theories. Edited by Roger T. Dean and Alex McLean. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190226992.013.6.

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Pure mathematics provides principles, procedures, and ways of thinking that can be fruitful starting points for music composition, performance, and algorithmic generation. In this chapter, a number of mathematical methods are suggested as useful ways to define and transform underlying musical structures such as metres and scales, and to realize these structures as finished pieces of music. The mathematical methods include the discrete Fourier transform, geometry, algebraic word theory, and tiling, and the chapter explains how these relate to musical features such as periodicity (or lack of per
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Steinhart, Eric. Religion after Naturalism. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198738909.003.0005.

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This chapter argues that there are nontheistic religions in the West whose claims are compatible with naturalism. Many are religions of energy. This energy is ultimate, optimizing, impersonal, and natural. Although it cannot be worshiped, it can be aroused, directed, and shaped. The energy religions thus involve tools and techniques for the therapeutic application of the ultimate energy to the self. They are technologies of the self. In this chapter, attention is focused on four new types of energy religion. These include the religions of consciousness (e.g., the New Stoicism, Westernized Budd
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Mizrahi, Vivian. Perceptual Media, Glass and Mirrors. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198722304.003.0012.

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In this chapter, I argue that perceptual media like air or water are imperceptible. I show that, despite their lack of phenomenological features, perceptual media crucially affect what we see by selecting what is perceptually available to the perceiver. In the second part of the chapter, I argue that mirrors are visual media like air, water, and glass. According to this account, mirrors are transparent and invisible and cannot therefore have a distinctive look or appearance. In the last part of the chapter, I extend the general account of perceptual media to the sense organs themselves by show
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Cohen, Jeffrey A., Justin J. Mowchun, Victoria H. Lawson, and Nathaniel M. Robbins. A 61-Year-Old Male with Severe Shoulder and Cervical Pain. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190491901.003.0007.

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Severe shoulder pain in the absence of a clear orthopedic cause may be due to acute brachial plexitis. Numbness and tingling in association with weakness and muscle atrophy that cannot be accounted for by a single nerve or nerve root distribution suggests the diagnosis. Additional clues suggesting brachial plexitis include intensity of shoulder pain and antecedent events such as illness, vaccination, injury, unusual physical activity or surgery. The approach to diagnosis of plexitis/plexopathy and appropriate evaluation for etiology are discussed. Management of this condition is conservative,
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Wang, Lilian. Amorphous/Indistinct Calcifications (Group). Edited by Christoph I. Lee, Constance D. Lehman, and Lawrence W. Bassett. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190270261.003.0039.

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Amorphous calcifications are calcifications that are sufficiently small and/or hazy that a more specific morphological classification cannot be made. Historically, such calcifications were referred to as “indistinct” calcifications. The likelihood of malignancy and the management of amorphous calcifications largely depend on their distribution. This chapter, appearing in the section on calcifications, reviews the key imaging and clinical features, imaging protocols and pitfalls, differential diagnosis with radiology–pathology correlation, and management recommendations for amorphous/indistinct
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Glausser, Wayne. The Rhetoric of New Atheism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190864170.003.0002.

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New atheists face an old problem that entangles them with their theist opponents. The fundamental cosmological question—why does the world exist?—cannot be answered in scientific terms. As questions of cause slip into infinite regress, new atheists, like the theists they resist, must posit that something simply exists: something must be granted exemption from causal reasoning. This chapter first examines new atheists’ responses to the aporia described above, then analyzes several rhetorical tropes they deploy to supplement science proper. These tropes include paralepsis, a sarcasm cluster (apo
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Burke, Megan M. Becoming A Woman. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190608811.003.0010.

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The author argues that the exclusion of the indefinite article in Borde and Malovany-Chevallier’s translation of “the famous sentence” in The Second Sex obscures Beauvoir’s phenomenological account of feminine existence. While it is best to understand the recent translation as an informed, interpretative reading of Beauvoir, this essay suggests that reading the end of the sentence as “becoming a woman” undoes the common Anglo-American reading of Simone de Beauvoir as a social constructionist (for example, in the work of Judith Butler). This undoing is important for the way readers become orien
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Adam, Sheila, Sue Osborne, and John Welch. The patient within the critical care environment. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199696260.003.0003.

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Both critical illness and treatment in the critical care unit are extremely stressful, presenting great physical and psychological challenges for patients and their families. There are a range of compensatory responses to stress which may be adaptive, but severe or prolonged stress can induce a destructive spiral of decompensation. The importance of a holistic approach to care cannot be overemphasized; this chapter sets out the priorities of care for critically ill patients, and the common needs and problems for both patients and their families. The issues discussed include the mechanisms of s
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Charney, Scott. Trust but Verify. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190685515.003.0017.

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Broad government access to personal data held by the private sector, meaning access not tied to any specific account or person, is not acceptable, and it cannot be made acceptable through oversight or governance mechanisms. In considering the merits of bulk collection programs, it helps to have an overarching framework to decompose such programs into their component parts: actors, objectives, actions, and impacts. Although law enforcement and intelligence investigations vary in their objectives and methods, and governance models need to be tailored appropriately, several important principles a
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Introvigne, Massimo. Raven and the Time of Divisions. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190842420.003.0003.

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Divisions in the Brethren movement occurred already during Darby’s lifetime and cannot be simply reduced to the split between an Open and Exclusive wings. The chapter discusses the 1936 classification of the US Bureau of Census in six groups, from Brethren I to Brethren VI, and the extension of this model by American scholars to include Brethren VII, VIII, IX, and X. Several smaller ‘Exclusive’ groups eventually merged into Brethren III, which came to be known as Reunited Brethren, although Brethren IV are also ‘Exclusive’ and did not participate in these mergers. For each group, the essential
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41

Hill QC, Mark. Ecclesiastical Law. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807568.001.0001.

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This fourth edition has been revised and updated to take account of significant changes in the substantive law, specifically: the effects of the Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction and Care of Churches Measure 2017; the overhaul of the procedure in the Consistory Court in consequence of the Faculty Jurisdiction Rules 2015; substantial repeals in the Statute Law (Repeals) Measure 2017 and the new procedure under the Legislative Reform Measure 2017; the effect of the House of Bishops' Declaration on the Ministry of Bishops and Priests concerning provision for traditionalists; and the role of the Indepen
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42

Wang, Lilian. Amorphous/Indistinct Calcifications (Regional/Diffuse). Edited by Christoph I. Lee, Constance D. Lehman, and Lawrence W. Bassett. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190270261.003.0040.

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Amorphous calcifications are calcifications that are sufficiently small and/or hazy that a more specific morphological classification cannot be made. Historically, such calcifications were referred to as “indistinct” calcifications. The likelihood of malignancy and the management of amorphous calcifications largely depend on their distribution. The majority of amorphous calcifications are benign, most often due to fibrocystic change (60%). Sclerosing adenosis commonly occurs in perimenopausal women and is associated with a 1.5–2.1x relative risk for development of breast cancer. This chapter,
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43

Todd, Jon. Rewriting the AUMF. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796176.003.0012.

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The chapter starts with a synopsis of the concept of distinction and explains why it is foundational to any understanding of the concept of combatancy. It then provides an overview of the US approach to the concept of combatancy and surveys the changing position of that concept in international law. The chapter goes on to discuss the concept of combatancy in the courts and in Congress. Because the US executive branch either has not acknowledged or cannot follow this evolving concept of combatancy in the context of modern warfare, Congress must reauthorize and update the AUMF, expanding the con
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Folch, Marcus. Plato’s Hesiods. Edited by Alexander C. Loney and Stephen Scully. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190209032.013.23.

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This chapter surveys Hesiodic reception in fourth-century bce prose, with emphasis on Plato and especially the Laws. Passages of the Laws are read in context and used to illuminate the status of Hesiodic poetry in the fourth century. Topics discussed include rhapsodic performance, Hesiod’s relationship to Homer, study of Hesiodic poetry in schools, the fourth-century manuscript tradition, citation of Hesiod’s poems in conversation and Athenian courtrooms, and the politics of Hesiodic quotation. Whether understood as part of the rhapsode’s canon, a gnomic poet, a proto-sophist or proto-philosop
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Curtis A, Bradley. 1 Courts and Foreign Affairs. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190217761.003.0001.

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This chapter provides an overview of some of the constitutional, statutory, and common law doctrines that govern the adjudication of foreign affairs–related disputes in the United States. These doctrines include requirements for federal court jurisdiction, “justiciability” limitations such as the political question doctrine, the Erie doctrine concerning federal court application of state law, and the common law “act of state” doctrine. The chapter also discusses more general interpretive principles such as the Charming Betsy canon of construction and deference to the executive branch. The chap
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Swarm, Robert A., Menelaos Karanikolas, Lesley K. Rao, and Michael J. Cousins. Interventional approaches for chronic pain. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656097.003.0098.

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Severe, uncontrolled pain remains common in populations with serious or life-threatening illness. Despite the availability of oral opioid therapy in most developed countries, an estimated 10-30% of people with advanced cancer have inadequate pain control. Published guidelines endorse the view that these patients should be considered for procedural, or so-called interventional, pain therapies. Generally accepted indications for interventional pain therapies include (a) uncontrolled pain despite systemic analgesics and (b) unacceptable systemic analgesic adverse effects. This chapter describes t
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Lindvall, Johannes. How Reforms Fail. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198766865.003.0003.

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This chapter shows that political decision-makers need to solve two difficult problems when they build support for reforms by compensating losers. First of all, compensation can be economically and politically costly, and political decision-makers take four types of costs into account when they decide whether a reform is worth pursuing: dilution costs, deadweight costs, internal costs, and audience costs. Second, winners cannot always commit to compensation, which matters greatly to a political system's level of reform capacity since promises of compensation ring hollow if the losers believe t
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Chakravartty, Anjan. Ontology. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190651459.003.0001.

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This chapter considers the relationship between scientific and philosophical approaches to ontology, with the aim of clarifying what it means to engage in the project of scientific ontology. It introduces the most influential conceptions of ontology to emerge in the history of philosophy of science. These include deflationary views, which redescribe talk of ontology in terms of other things, as well as views which, conversely, take ontology at face value as an inquiry seeking knowledge of what there is in the world—a world whose existence is independent of the thoughts one may have concerning
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Gilles, Cuniberti. Ch.1 General Provisions, General Provisions II: Arts 1.4–1.5—Mandatory rules, Art.1.4. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198702627.003.0008.

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This commentary focuses on Article 1.4, which clarifies the relationship between the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC) and mandatory rules originating from sources external to the PICC. Mandatory rules are rules which cannot be derogated from by the parties, and are therefore mandatory for them. The typical rationale for making certain rules mandatory is to protect weaker parties or the public interest. Mandatory rules can be of two kinds: domestic mandatory rules and international mandatory rules. Art 1.4 covers relevant rules of private international law, choic
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Hassner, Ron E. Conflicts over Sacred Ground. Edited by Michael Jerryson, Mark Juergensmeyer, and Margo Kitts. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199759996.013.0021.

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This chapter argues that contested sacred sites pose indivisibility challenges which can drive even natural religious allies into violent conflict, and also outlines the multiple roots of conflicts over sacred sites based on the type of objective at stake: legitimacy, security, or profit. It then turns to investigate several aspects that characterize these disputes, regardless of cause. Sacred sites cannot be shared to the satisfaction of all parties involved. The characteristics of disputes over sacred places include cohesion, boundaries, and value. Leaders have pursued three primary strategi
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