Academic literature on the topic 'Canna indica L'

This review article aims to supply in order which is necessary to assert and look at its pharmacognostic, biological and pharmacological profile. Every part of Canna has valuable properties that can serve humankind so the whole plant can be extensively studied for further research aspects. Considering the extensive uses of C. indica L. roots, leaves and rhizomes, the present article work is an attempt to explore phyto-compounds present in Canna indica L. roots leaves, and rhizomes possibly answerable for unusual pharmacological activities exhibited and thereby therapeutic uses predictable to them. This article mainly emphasized on phytoconstituents present in various parts of Canna indica L. and their corresponding biological and pharmacological activities. Keywords: Canna indica L., origin, phytoconstituents, biological and pharmacological activities

The hydrocarbons from petroleum ether extract of Canna indica L. (Cannaceae) were investigated by GC-MS. Results showed presence of 5, 8- henicosdiene (3.27 %), 7- henicosyne (3.70 %), 3, 15- dihydroxy-2-octadecene (45.12 %), 6- hydroxy eicosane (5.18 %), tricosane (2.40 %), and tetracosane (1.89 %).

Goosegrass Herb ( Eleusine indica ) and Canna (Canna indica L.) were used to remove the heavy metals of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr and Ni in the sewage sludge by potted planting. Taking the soil mixed by sludge and crimson soil according to sludge percent 25% to cultivate Goosegrass Herb and increasing the harvesting times could enhanced the removal efficiency of heavy metals significantly. Goosegrass Herb could be considered as the remediation plant for Cu, Zn, Cd and Ni. By Canna planting, final Zn, Ni and Cd contents in soil mixture could be reduced significantly, Canna could be used to reduce the Cd ,Ni and Zn concentration in sludge amended soil.

The present study explores detailed morphological and anatomical features of six variants of Canna indica L. Noticeable variations have been recorded in the morphology of six variants of C. indica especially on the basis of their different colours of leaves, flowers, staminodes and fruits. Root, stem and leaf anatomy of C. indica revealed little variation among the variants employed in the study. Phloem is 5-6 layered in the variant 2 (small red), 4-5 layered in the variant 4 (orange), and 3-4 layered in the remaining variants. The variant 4 (orange) can be distinguished from other five variants anatomically, by presence of 5-7 layers of schlerenchymatous tissue, and morphologically by its green pseudostem, ovate to obovate leaves, orange flowers, green bracts with maroon edges and orange-red staminodes. However, based on morphological and anatomical discrepancies the variants of Canna indica cannot be assigned to discrete taxonomic variety.

Наданi результати дослiдження морфологiчних ознак вегетативних i генеративних органiв рослин iнтродукованих видiв: Canna indica L., C. iridiflora Ruiz., C. edulis Ker-Cawl., C. gigantea Desf, C. flacida Salisd. та 37 сортiв закордонної та вiтчизняної селекцiї з колекцiї Криворiзького ботанiчного саду НАН України. З комплексу описаних морфологiчних ознак вегетативних i генеративних органiв дослiджених сортiв та видiв канни виокремленi найбiльш iнформативнi для визначення декоративностi рослин — загальна висота i висота суцвiття, дiаметр квiтки, колiр листка. Дана оцiнка декоративного потенцiалу рослин роду Canna L. за морфологiчними ознаками та видiленi найбiльш перспективнi iнтродуценти для введення в практику зеленого будiвництва регiону. За результатами багаторiчних дослiджень розроблений та запропонований сортимент перспективних культиварiв роду Canna L. для оформлення м.Кривий Рiг.

Orientadores: Florencia Cecilia Menegalli, Delia Rita Tapia Blacido
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: O interesse em filmes biodegradavéis éuma tendência mundial que tem aumentado de modo significativo nos ?timos anos motivando assim, estudos relacionados com o desenvolvimento e caracterização de filmes a base de macromoléculas naturais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi elaborar biofilmes a partir de farinha de biri (Canna indica L.) e avaliar o efeito de quatro variaveis de processo: concentração de glicerol (15 ¿ 35%), temperatura de processo (70 ¿90 °C), temperatura de secagem (35 ¿ 55 °C) e umidade relativa de secagem (30 ¿ 70%) sobre as propriedades mecânicas (força, deformação, tensão, elongação e módulo secante), ópticas (cor, brilho e opacidade) e a solubilidade em água dos biofilmes. Na primeira etapa do trabalho, foram obtidos farinha e amido a partir de rizomas de biri cultivados no estado de São Paulo (Brasil). Estes materiais foram caracterizados quanto à composição centesimal, propriedades físicas e térmicas, análiise de microestrutura por microscopía eletrica de varredura (MEV), distribuição de tamanho dos grânulos de amido e análise estrutural por espectroscopia de absorção no infravermelho (FTIR). Numa segunda etapa, filmes a partir de farinha de biri foram elaborados segundo um Delineamento Composto Central Rotacional 24 (DCCR). Os resultados obtidos foram analisados estatisticamente empregando a metodologia de superfície de resposta (RSM) que juntamente com a função de desejabilidade (D) permitiu a obtenção das condiçoes de processo ótimas (concentração de glicerol de 17%, temperatura de processo de 90 °C, temperatura de secagem de 44,8 °C e umidade relativa de 36,4%). Nas condições ótimas os biofilmes apresentaram altos valores de resistência mecânica (7,0 MPa), baixa solubilidade (38,3%) e valores de elongação satisfatórios (14,6%). Na útima etapa do trabalho, foram elaborados biofilmes de farinha e de amido de biri para determinar o efeito das fibras, proteínas e lipídios sobre as propriedades dos filmes de farinha. Os biofilmes foram caracterizados com base em suas propriedades mecânicas, ópticas, microestrutura e analise estrutural por MEV e FTIR. Os biofilmes de farinha apresentaram maior flexibilidade em termos de elonga?o (14,6%), maior permeabilidade ao vapor de ?ua (5,3 ?0,2 x 10 ¿10 g.m/m2.h.Pa) e menor resistência mecânica e rigidez (7,0 N e 231,7 MPa) quando comparados com os biofilmes de amido de biri (1,4%; 18,6 N; 1772 MPa e 3,2 ± 0,01 x 10 -10 g.m/m2.h.Pa, respectivamente). A partir das análiises MEV, observouse que os biofilmes de farinha apresentaram imperfeições na sua superfície e uma seção transversal menos densa e com pequenas fissuras quando comparados com os biofilmes de amido. Os espectros de FTIR evidenciaram a presença De grupos OH, CH2 e amida III em ambos os biofilmes enquanto que o grupo amida I só foi evidenciado nos filmes de farinha. Em relação às propriedades ópticas, os filmes de farinha apresentaram cor amarelada enquanto que os filmes de amido apresentaram-se mais claros e menos opacos
Abstract: The focus in biodegradable films is a global trend and has received a significant attention in recent years, thus motivating studies related to the development and characterization of films based on natural macromolecules. The objective of this study is to develop edible films from biri flour (Canna indica L.) and evaluate the effect of four process variables: glycerol concentration (15 - 35%), process temperature (70 - 90 °C), drying temperature (35 ¿ 55 °C) and drying air relative humidity (30 ¿ 70%), on both mechanical (puncture force, deformation, tensile strength, elongation at break and secant modulus), and optical (color, brightness and opacity ) properties, as well as on water solubility of films. In the first stage of this work, flour and starch were obtained from rhizomes of biri cultivated in the S? Paulo State (Brazil). The evaluation of such materials dealt with proximate chemical composition, physical and thermal properties, microstructural analysis by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), size distribution of starch granules and structural analysis by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. On the second stage, edible films from the biri flour were prepared according to a Central Composite Rotational Design 24 (CCRD). The results were statistically analyzed using the response surface methodology (RSM), which along with the desirability function (D) allowed to obtain the optimum process conditions (17% for glycerol concentration, 90 °C for process temperature, 44,8 °C for drying temperature and 36,4% for air drying relative humidity). In optimum conditions the films showed high values of tensile strength (7,0 MPa), low solubility (38,3%) and satisfactory values of elongation at break (14,6%). On the last stage of this work, the films were prepared from flour and starch biri in order to determine the effect of fiber, protein and fat on the properties of the flour biofilms. The films were characterized based on their mechanical and optical properties, microstructure and structural analysis by means of SEM and FTIR. The results showed that flour films have greater flexibility in terms of elongation at break (14,6%), high water vapor permeability (5,3 ?0,2 x 10 -10 g.m/m2.h.Pa) and lower tensile strength and secant modulus (7,0 N and 231,7 MPa) when compared with the starch films (1,4%; 18,6 N; 1772 MPa and 3,2 ?0,01 x 10 -10 g.m/m2.h.Pa respectively). From SEM analysis it was observed that the flour films have flaws in its surface and a cross section less dense, with small cracks compared with the starch films. FTIR spectra showed presence of OH groups, CH2 and amide III in both films, while the amide group I was only observed in flour film. Optical properties showed that the flour films were yellowish while the starch films were clearer and less opaque
Mestrado
Mestre em Engenharia de Alimentos

Orientadores: Florencia Cecilia Menegalli, Delia Rita Tapia Blácido
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Doutorado
Engenharia de Alimentos
Doutor em Engenharia de Alimentos

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Currently the demand for insecticides of natural origin it has been growing, mainly because they are biodegradable, thus avoiding contamination of the environment and harm people's health. Among these biopesticides may be out products based on neem (Azadirachta indica L.), tree of Asian origin used for centuries in India for various purposes, and had their properties insecticides discovered just 30 years, when its main component the azadirachtin was isolated. In this context it also includes the Andiroba (Carapa guianensis Aublet), a tree listed more of the Amazon region, whose oil seeds has a great commercial potential and many medicinal properties and is marketed well in the Amazon. Thus, this project aims to study the effects of a product lousiness the basis of extract containing Azadirachta indica L., Carapa guianensis Aublet and Saccharum officinarum L., administered in Wistar rats. The tests were performed in four groups with eight rats, each in accordance with the process of inoculation as follows: ocular (OC), oral (P), subcutaneous (SC), intraperitoneal (IP) and more the control group (C ), consisting of four animals. The macroscopic and microscopic analysis of the kidneys, heart, liver, spleen, stomach and intestine of rats, as well as the achievement of all serum biochemistry (total protein, creatinine,urea, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase were performed in order to investigate the possible toxic effects caused by the administration of this concentrate. The results of the samples showed only lesions in organs such as liver and spleen in animals of group intraperitoneal and skin of individuals of the group of subcutaneous application. Parameters as creatininina, urea, AST, ALT and alkaline phosphatase were shown to be altered in variousgroups including the control, however, only the AST has been shown to be a safe parameter for assessment.
Atualmente a procura de produtos inseticidas de origem natural vem se tornando crescente,principalmente pelo fato de serem biodegradáveis, evitando-se assim contaminação do ambiente e prejuízos à saúde da população. Dentre esses bioinseticidas podem-se destacar os produtos à base de nim (Azadirachta indica L.), árvore de origem asiática utilizada há séculos na Índia para diversos fins, e que teve suas propriedades inseticidas descobertas há apenas 30 anos, quando o seu principal composto, a azadiractina foi isolada. Neste contexto inclui-se também a andiroba (Carapa guianensis Aublet), uma das árvores mais cotadas da Região Amazônica, cujo óleo extraído das sementes possui um grande potencial comercial e inúmeras propriedades medicinais, sendo bastante comercializado na Amazônia. Desta forma, este projeto se propõe a estudar os efeitos de um produto piolhicida a base de extrato concentrado contendo Azadirachta indica L., Carapa guianensis Aublet e Saccharum officinarum L., administrado em ratas Wistar. Os testes foram realizados em quatro grupos com oito ratas, cada um de acordo com as vias de inoculação que se seguem: ocular (OC), oral (P), subcutânea (SC), intraperitoneal (IP) e mais o grupo controle (C), constituído por quatro animais. As análises macroscópicas e microscópicas dos rins, coração, fígado, baço, estômago e intestino das ratas, assim como a realização de toda bioquímica sérica (proteínas totais, creatinina, uréia, aspartato-aminotransferase (AST), alanina-aminotransferase (ALT) e fosfatase alcalina, foram realizadas com o intuito de averiguar os possíveis efeitos tóxicos provocados pela administração deste concentrado. Os resultados das amostras apontaram apenas lesões em órgãos como fígado e baço nos animais do grupo intraperitoneal e na pele dos indivíduos do grupo de aplicação subcutânea. Parâmetros como creatininina, uréia, AST, ALT e fosfatase alcalina mostraram-se alterados nos diversos grupos, incluindo o controle, porém, apenas a AST demonstrou ser um parâmetro seguro para avaliação.

碩士
國立臺灣大學
園藝學研究所
91
Canna spp. seeds have hard seed coat dormancy while the imbibition lid was regarded the site where initial water enterd into the seeds. The objective of this study was to evaluate the appropriate seed pretreatment for overcoming seed coat impermeability of Canna indica L. The results showed that : The germination rate was low for seeds without a pretreatment because of the imbibition lid of the seed woundn’t shed spontaneously. Scarifying the seed coat by sandpaper to overcomes seed coat impermeability wouid increase the germination rate significantly. Soaking in cool water for 36-48 hours would elevate slightly the germination rate. There were different heat pretreatment to force the imbibition lid open. One was soaking in hot water at 80℃or 100℃ for 5~60 minutes, the other was to dry heat at 80℃or 100℃for 5~60 minutes. The results showed to prolong the treatmeant time didn’t make any signifficanse on the imbibition lid open. The average for the lid open showed 100℃ hot water soaking had the best effect. But all these pretreatment only could make less than one third seeds lid open. On the other hand, the longer the heat pretreatment took the easier damages to the lid open seed, except 80℃ hot water soaking. On the average for seed germination percentage, the treatment of 80℃hot water soaking had the best effect. There were three storage temperatures (1) room temperature(27℃) (2) 35℃ (3) 45℃ to observe the afterripening effects of Canna indica L. seeds. The results showed to increase the storage temperature to 35℃ or to prolong storage time would induce afterripening and elevate slightly the germination rate. The storage at 45℃ could force 8~15% seed lid open and induce afterripening. Pretreating Fresh seeds with 80℃ hot water for 10 minutes could improve germination. The germination for the afterripening seeds treated with 80℃ hot water would be more significant. The seeds storaged at 35℃ or 45℃ for 4~8 weeks then soaked in 80℃ hot water for 10 minutes would overcome seed coat impermeability of Canna indica L. All the seeds lid could open and make imbibition. The treatment of 97% concentrated sulfuric acid for 30-60 min had the best promotion effect among all chemical treatments, much better than the treatment of 30% sulfuric acid. The treatment of hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochloride for 8 hours was not effective.