Journal articles: 'Canna indica L'

1

Deka, D., and Z. Zawadzka. "Czasokres rozwoju kwaiatostanu u Canna indica L. [Development of the inflorescence in Canna indica L.]." Acta Agrobotanica 10, no. 2 (2015): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.1961.016.

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Yadav, Prashant Kumar, and S. S. Sisdia O. "Canna indica L. (Cannaceae): A review on phytochemical, medicinal, pharmacological and biological studies." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, no. 1-s (February 15, 2019): 520–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i1-s.2363.

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This review article aims to supply in order which is necessary to assert and look at its pharmacognostic, biological and pharmacological profile. Every part of Canna has valuable properties that can serve humankind so the whole plant can be extensively studied for further research aspects. Considering the extensive uses of C. indica L. roots, leaves and rhizomes, the present article work is an attempt to explore phyto-compounds present in Canna indica L. roots leaves, and rhizomes possibly answerable for unusual pharmacological activities exhibited and thereby therapeutic uses predictable to them. This article mainly emphasized on phytoconstituents present in various parts of Canna indica L. and their corresponding biological and pharmacological activities. Keywords: Canna indica L., origin, phytoconstituents, biological and pharmacological activities

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Nirmal, S. A., N. M. Kolhe, S. C. Pal, and Subhash Mandal. "Nonpolar compounds from Canna indica rhizomes." Facta universitatis - series: Physics, Chemistry and Technology 6, no. 1 (2008): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fupct0801141n.

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The hydrocarbons from petroleum ether extract of Canna indica L. (Cannaceae) were investigated by GC-MS. Results showed presence of 5, 8- henicosdiene (3.27 %), 7- henicosyne (3.70 %), 3, 15- dihydroxy-2-octadecene (45.12 %), 6- hydroxy eicosane (5.18 %), tricosane (2.40 %), and tetracosane (1.89 %).

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Souza Filho, P. R. M., H. H. Tozzi, and M. Takaki. "Temperature effect on seed germination in Canna indica L. (Cannaceae)." Seed Science and Technology 39, no. 1 (April 1, 2011): 243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15258/sst.2011.39.1.25.

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Li, Shu Geng, Ke Fang Zhang, Li Qiu Zhang, and Qiu Li Chen. "Use of Ornamental in Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals in Sewage Sludge." Applied Mechanics and Materials 253-255 (December 2012): 1044–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.253-255.1044.

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Goosegrass Herb ( Eleusine indica ) and Canna (Canna indica L.) were used to remove the heavy metals of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr and Ni in the sewage sludge by potted planting. Taking the soil mixed by sludge and crimson soil according to sludge percent 25% to cultivate Goosegrass Herb and increasing the harvesting times could enhanced the removal efficiency of heavy metals significantly. Goosegrass Herb could be considered as the remediation plant for Cu, Zn, Cd and Ni. By Canna planting, final Zn, Ni and Cd contents in soil mixture could be reduced significantly, Canna could be used to reduce the Cd ,Ni and Zn concentration in sludge amended soil.

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Algar, Ara Fatima C. "PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF STARCH FROM PHILIPPINE EDIBLE CANNA (CANNA INDICA L.) RHIZOMES." Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Food Sciences 9, no. 1 (August 2019): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/jmbfs.2019.9.1.34-37.

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Sultana, Nahid, Sabiha Sultana Akhi, Md Abul Hassan, and M. Oliur Rahman. "Morphological and anatomical investigation among six variants of Canna indica L." Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy 26, no. 2 (December 23, 2019): 219–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v26i2.44582.

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The present study explores detailed morphological and anatomical features of six variants of Canna indica L. Noticeable variations have been recorded in the morphology of six variants of C. indica especially on the basis of their different colours of leaves, flowers, staminodes and fruits. Root, stem and leaf anatomy of C. indica revealed little variation among the variants employed in the study. Phloem is 5-6 layered in the variant 2 (small red), 4-5 layered in the variant 4 (orange), and 3-4 layered in the remaining variants. The variant 4 (orange) can be distinguished from other five variants anatomically, by presence of 5-7 layers of schlerenchymatous tissue, and morphologically by its green pseudostem, ovate to obovate leaves, orange flowers, green bracts with maroon edges and orange-red staminodes. However, based on morphological and anatomical discrepancies the variants of Canna indica cannot be assigned to discrete taxonomic variety.

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Okonwu, K., and C. Ariaga. "Nutritional Evaluation of Various Parts of Canna indica L." Annual Research & Review in Biology 11, no. 4 (January 10, 2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/arrb/2016/31029.

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Solanki, Praveen, Maitreyie Narayan, Amit Kumar Rabha, and Rajeev Kumar Srivastava. "Assessment of Cadmium Scavenging Potential of Canna indica L." Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 101, no. 4 (August 16, 2018): 446–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00128-018-2416-3.

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10

Мазура, Марина Ю. "Морфологiчнi дослiдження вегетативних i генеративних органiв рослин роду Canna L. в умовах Криворiжжя." Екологічний вісник Криворіжжя 4 (June 13, 2019): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/eco-bulletin-krd.v4i0.2559.

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Наданi результати дослiдження морфологiчних ознак вегетативних i генеративних органiв рослин iнтродукованих видiв: Canna indica L., C. iridiﬂora Ruiz., C. edulis Ker-Cawl., C. gigantea Desf, C. ﬂacida Salisd. та 37 сортiв закордонної та вiтчизняної селекцiї з колекцiї Криворiзького ботанiчного саду НАН України. З комплексу описаних морфологiчних ознак вегетативних i генеративних органiв дослiджених сортiв та видiв канни виокремленi найбiльш iнформативнi для визначення декоративностi рослин — загальна висота i висота суцвiття, дiаметр квiтки, колiр листка. Дана оцiнка декоративного потенцiалу рослин роду Canna L. за морфологiчними ознаками та видiленi найбiльш перспективнi iнтродуценти для введення в практику зеленого будiвництва регiону. За результатами багаторiчних дослiджень розроблений та запропонований сортимент перспективних культиварiв роду Canna L. для оформлення м.Кривий Рiг.

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Sibiya, M. S., S. D. Johnson, and I. Nanni. "Assessment of reproductive traits in naturalized populations of Canna indica L. and Canna glauca L. in South Africa." South African Journal of Botany 103 (March 2016): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2016.02.170.

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12

Kanase, Vanita, and Sunita Vishwakarma. "TREATMENT OF VARIOUS DISEASES BY CANNA INDICA L. - A PROMISING HERB." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 12 (December 7, 2018): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i12.28219.

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In recent years, ethnobotanical and traditional application of natural compounds, principally of plant origin established much attention as they are well tested for their effectiveness and generally believed to be non-toxic for human use. Canna indica L. is a tropical herb belonging to the family Cannaceae. It has been extensively used in a traditional remedy for the treatment of many complaints. The phytochemical analysis of C. indica exhibited that it contained various phytochemicals including alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, anthocyanin pigments, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, tannins, phlobatannins, saponins, carbohydrates, proteins, oils, and many other chemical compounds. The pharmacological studies showed that this plant exerted anthelmintic, antibacterial, antimicrobial, antiviral, antidiabetic, antidiarrheal, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, cytotoxic, hemostatic, hepatoprotective, molluscicidal, and other effects. This review attempts to illuminate the available literature on C. indica (L.) with respect to ethnobotany, chemical constituents, and summary of numerous pharmacological activities. Every part of C. indica has valuable properties that can serve humanity so the whole plant can be broadly studied for further research aspects.

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13

Fu, Hai Yan, Ming Hou, Tian Chai, Guo He Huang, Peng Cheng Xu, and Ya Li Guo. "Allelopathy Effects of Various Higher Landscape Plants on Chlorella pyrenoidosa." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.23.

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In this paper, the effects of the culture water of three types of higher landscape plants Typha latifolia L, Canna indica L and Iris tectorum Maxim on the growth of Chlorella pyrenoidosa have been investigated. The results show that Iris culture water promoted the growth of Chlorella pyrenoidosa, which was facilitated at low contentions and inhibited at high concentrations by the culture water of Canna indica L. Moreover, inhibitory effect of the culture water of Typha latifolia L was the strongest with the rate of 50.7%. Differences of the effects of the three plants on the chlorophyll a contents of Chlorella pyrenoidosa were significant (P Iris tectorum Maxim was utilized, whereas the content was lowest at merely 41% of that of the control group when treated with 80% of the culture water of Typha latifolia L.

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Singh, Rajat, Utkarsh Singh, Rakesh Kumar Bachheti, and Chandra Kiran Saini. "IN-VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF CANNA INDICA EXTRACTS USING DIFFERENT SOLVENT SYSTEM." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 9, no. 6 (November 1, 2016): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2016.v9i6.10583.

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Objective: To investigate the antimicrobial and antidiabetic potential of canna indica plant extracts.Methods: In the present research work the selected plant i.e. Canna indica L. Cannaceae was collected, dried and extracted with different solvents. Different test were performed for the presence of different phytochemicals. The antimicrobial activity was determined by agar well-diffusion method. The extracts were evaluated for antidiabetic activity by using alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase enzyme inhibition method.Results and conclusion: The findings of the present study indicate that C. indica extracts contain secondary metabolites which have potent antimicrobial and antidiabetic activities comparable to standard drugs. This information may help to develop potent bioactive compound(s) in the pharmaceutical industry for the development of drugs.

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15

Kromer, K., and K. Kukulczanka. "IN VITRO CULTURES OF MERISTEM TIPS OF CANNA INDICA /L./." Acta Horticulturae, no. 167 (April 1985): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1985.167.29.

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16

Shevchenko, Svitlana, and Tatiana Kuzmina. "Description of the male generative structures in Canna indica L." Chornomorski Botanical Journal 7, no. 4 (December 1, 2011): 360–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.14255/2308-9628/11.74/6.

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17

Dong, Xiaoxia, Fan Yang, Shuping Yang, and Changzhou Yan. "Subcellular distribution and tolerance of cadmium in Canna indica L." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 185 (December 2019): 109692. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109692.

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18

Kumbhar, Subhash T., Shriniwas P. Patil, and Hemant D. Une. "Phytochemical analysis of Canna indica L. roots and rhizomes extract." Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports 16 (December 2018): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrep.2018.09.002.

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Wu, Jian Qiang, Min Wang, Jian Wu, and Hao Tang. "Treatment of Polluted River Water Using Surface Flow Constructed Wetlands in Xinyi River Floodplain." Advanced Materials Research 396-398 (November 2011): 1909–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.396-398.1909.

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Treatment of polluted river water with great variations of water quality using pilot-scale Surface Flow Constructed Wetland (SFW) was studied in this paper. The main results show that: When the influent concentrations of CODMn and NH4+-N were 11.69~60.00 mg•L-1 and 1.37~20.18 mg•L-1, the CODMn and NH4+-N removal rate of SFW which planted Lythrum salicaria, Canna indica, Typha latifolia and Scirpus locustris were 26.44％、40.12％、46.71％、28.23％ and 64.27％、70.49％、66.78%、58.52%. Typha latifolia and Canna indica have stronger ability for purifying pollutants. Scirpus locustris has strongest ability of overhead flooding, it can resist inundation over 22 days and still live. Lythrum salicaria has lowest ability of overhead flooding, it only can resist inundation 7 days.

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Valencia, Germán Ayala, Ana Cecilia Agudelo Henao, and Rubén Antonio Vargas Zapata. "Comparative study and characterization of starches isolated from unconventional tuber sources." Journal of Polymer Engineering 32, no. 8-9 (December 1, 2012): 531–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2012-0092.

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Abstract Some properties of canna (Canna indica L.) and bore (Alocasia macrorrhiza) starches were evaluated and compared using cassava starch (Manihot esculenta Crantz) as a reference. Proximate analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and viscosity measurements were performed. Canna and bore starches showed a similar degree of purity as that of the cassava starch. Canna starch exhibited higher thermal stability and viscosity of solution values than those of bore and cassava starches. XRD spectra showed that canna starch crystallizes as a B-type structure; however, bore and cassava starches crystallize as an A-type structure. Results proved that canna and bore starches are promising bio(materials), obtained from unconventional sources, to be used for industrial applications, as their physicochemical properties are similar to those of cassava starch, which it is known has potential applications in this area.

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van Jaarsveld, L. C., W. M. Kriel, and A. Minnaar. "First Report of Puccinia thaliae on Canna Lily in South Africa." Plant Disease 90, no. 1 (January 2006): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-90-0113c.

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Canna indica L., known as Indian shot or canna lily, occurs throughout the New World in tropical and subtropical areas. This upright, perennial, rhizomatous herb is a popular garden plant in South Africa because of its spectacular plant habit and growth vigor. During January 2005, canna lily leaves with rust symptoms were collected from Pietermaritzburg in the province of KwaZulu-Natal. Orange-yellow uredinia were observed primarily on the abaxial surfaces, often covering the entire leaf with coalescing pustules. Koch's postulates were completed in repeated tests with spray inoculations of blooming potted plants, urediniospores suspended in water (42 × 104 spores/ml), incubation in a dew chamber for 14 h at 20°C in the dark, and then returned to the greenhouse. Symptoms similar to those of the original collection formed 10 days postinoculation. Only the uredinial stage was observed, which was characterized by hypophyllous, yellow-brown, subepidermal, erumpent, and irregular shaped uredinia. The urediniospores were round to ovoid, orange-yellow, echinulate, and 25 to 35 × 15 to 20 μm. The pathogen was identified as Puccinia thaliae Diet. according to its description on Canna edulis Ker-Gawl. (1). Following the report of P. thaliae on C. indica in Hawaii in 1989 (2), to our knowledge, this is the first description of canna lily rust in South Africa. References: (1) M. L. Jeeva et al. Plant Pathol. 53:261, 2004. (2) D. E. Gardner and C. S. Hodges. Pac. Sci. 43:4155, 1989.

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Kaur, R., T. A. Rush, D. M. Ferrin, and M. C. Aime. "First Report of Puccinia thaliae Rust on Canna Lily in Louisiana." Plant Disease 95, no. 3 (March 2011): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-03-10-0209.

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Canna lily is a monocot, herbaceous perennial ornamental plant in the Cannaceae that is native to tropical South America and cultivated throughout the southern United States. Canna lily is a popular garden and landscaping plant and a large horticultural industry depends on this plant. In September 2008 and again in November 2009, two species of Canna lily (Canna × generalis L.H. Bailey and C. indica L.) were found to be severely infected with rust disease in three garden locations in southern Louisiana (East Baton Rouge Parish, Lafayette Parish, and Orleans Parish). Diseased samples from both host species and all locations exhibited similar symptoms of numerous, yellowish brown, subepidermal, erumpent, and irregular-shaped uredinia on both leaf surfaces. Initially, sori were scattered, later covering the entire leaf with coalescing pustules. Urediniospores were subglobose to ovoid or pyriform, echinulate, and measured 25.74 to 37.18 (–38.61) × 17.16 to 27.17 (–28.6) μm, with thickened apical walls, 1.3 to 1.6 μm, and one to two equatorial germ pores. Telia and teliospores were not observed on any of the collected samples. Pathogen identity was confirmed as Puccinia thaliae Dietel by nuclear ribosomal large subunit (28S) DNA sequencing with rust-specific primers (1). The sequence (deposited in GenBank as No. HQ434482), when blasted, was found to match sequence No. EU851154 of P. thaliae from C. indica with 98% identity (719 of 730 bp), the differences being attributed to a single insertion at bp 423 to 436 of sequence No. EU851154. The sequences of P. thaliae obtained from two different samples from Louisiana were identical and did not match any other sequence in GenBank. In North America P. thaliae is reported to cause rust on C. indica L. in Florida and C. × generalis in Texas, as well as on two members of the Marantaceae (Maranta arundinacea L. and Thalia geniculata L.) in Florida and M. arundinaceae in Mexico (2). To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. thaliae in Louisiana on Canna lily. Voucher materials (C. × generalis = LSU00123378 and C. indica = LSU00123384) have been deposited in the Bernard Lowy Mycological Herbarium (LSUM). References: (1) M. C. Aime. Mycoscience 47:112, 2006. (2) D. F. Farr and A.Y. Rossman. Fungal Databases. Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, ARS, USDA. Retrieved 12 February from http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/ , 2010.

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Putri, Arlina Prima, Trini Octari, Nur Annisa, Amila Gadri, and Hilda Aprilia. "Evaluasi Fisikokimia Pati Canna indica L Modifikasi Esterifikasi dan Hidrolisis Asam." Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology 3, no. 3 (October 31, 2016): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15416/ijpst.v3i3.9361.

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Pati dan turunnya memiliki ruang lingkup pemanfaatan yang sangat luas dalam berbagai bidang, keterbatasan aplikasinya terutama akibat kekurangan sifat fisikokimianya. Ada sejumlah metode modifikasi yang dapat dilakukan untuk menghasilkan pati dengan karakteristik yang diinginkan, diantaranya modifikasi dengan hidrolisis asam dan esterifikasi. Pati Canna indica L dihidrolisis menggunakan asam klorida dan untuk penambahan gugus ester digunakan asam asetat. Kedua proses konversi mempengaruhi karakteristik pati dengan mengubah kelarutan, sifat alir, daya pengembangan, rasio amilosa dan kestabilan termal dengan nilai yang berbeda-beda.

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Yue, Zheng-Bo, Han-Qing Yu, Zhen-Hu Hu, Hideki Harada, and Yu-You Li. "Surfactant-enhanced anaerobic acidogenesis of Canna indica L. by rumen cultures." Bioresource Technology 99, no. 9 (June 2008): 3418–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.08.010.

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Munavalli, Guru, Pratap Sonavane, Sagar Wandare, Kusum Biradar, and Nikhil Aswale. "Study on hybrid biorack constructed wetland." E3S Web of Conferences 170 (2020): 06014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017006014.

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Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Systems (DWTS) based on natural mechanisms of purification are appropriate for Indian conditions. Biorack constructed wetland are recent developments in the domestic wastewater treatment. In the present study the concept of biorack wetland is extended to Hybrid Biorack Constructed Wetland (HBCW) in which bioracks are supplemented by brickbat as support medium for wetland vegetation. Three separate HBCW reactors were developed with Typha angustifolia, Canna indica and dual-species (Typha angustifolia and Canna indica). Batch studies were carried out on these reactors for secondary treatment of domestic wastewater. COD removal was determined for feed wastewater strength of 100 to 200 mg COD/L by these developed reactors. The growth of vegetation was also monitored. Typha angustifolia and Canna indica were found to be an appropriate combination as dual-species. The COD removal by dual-species is 5 to 10% greater than mono-species under similar conditions of feed and support medium. HBCW is efficient to an extent of 65 to 75% for COD removal. This is preliminary study conducted on HBCW. Further studies on pilot/field scale will provide better insight to assess its suitability as an alternative biological treatment.

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Swain, Ayusman, and Hariprasad Puttaswamy. "α-Glucosidase Inhibition Kinetics and Molecular Docking Studies with the Bioactive Constituents from Canna indica L. Rhizome Extract." Asian Journal of Chemistry 32, no. 8 (2020): 1986–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2020.22727.

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The present study investigated the phytochemical constituents from Canna indica rhizome acetone extract, which was earlier reported to possess α-glucosidase inhibiting potential. Different fractions were collected from column chromatography of the acetone extract and the in vitro enzyme inhibition and the kinetic study was performed with the active fraction. The active fraction exhibited competitive inhibition of α-glucosidase. HRLC-MS/MS technique was used to identify the lead compounds from the active fraction. The major compounds were psoromic acid, usnic acid and rosmarinic acid. Molecular docking study of the compounds with the crystal structure of α-glucosidase was performed using ParDOCK. Psoromic acid and usnic acid exhibited strong binding affinity with the active site nucleophiles Asp349 and Asp212, respectively. Usnic acid also stabilized the catalytic residue Glu274. Rosmarinic acid formed multiple hydrogen bonds with the catalytic residue Glu274 and also bonded to non-catalytic residues Gln276, Arg312 and Glu408. The study illustrated informative data on the phytochemical constituents from Canna indica rhizome as α-glucosidase inhibitor and as potential candidates for the development of antidiabetic drugs.

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Yang, Chen Xi, Ju Rui Yang, and Hui Li. "Improvement of Inflow Water Quality of Dian Lake Treated by Constructed Wetlands." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 1409–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.1409.

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A surface-flow wetland and a subsurface-flow wetland respectively were constructed at the entrance of Dian Lake in Yunnan Province. Six plants such as Canna indica L., Scirpus tabernaemontanl Gmel., Eichornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms., Oenanthe ja vania (Bl.) DC., Acorus calamus L., Phragmitas communis Trin. were planted in the two constructed wetlands in separated sections on condition that hydraulic loading was 12 cm/d, hydraulic retention time (HRT) was 3 d. The results show that the removal efficiencies of subsurface constructed wetlands on TP and TN with canna indica L. or Scirpus tabernaemontanl Geml. are stable. Removal efficiencies of the former on TN and TP are 70.60% and 88.27%, respectively. Removal efficiencies of the later on TN and TP are 73.33% and 83.87%, respectively. Removal efficiencies of the constructed wetlands with Acorus calamus L. and Phragmitas communis Trin., the removal efficiencies of TN are 71.73% and 74.33%, respectively, and removal efficiencies of TP are unstable. The subsurface wetland of Eichornia ciassipes (Mart.) Solms. and Phragmitas communis Trin. on removal of TP and TN in summer or fall are more efficient. The two types of constructed wetlands have good effect on the removal of COD, which are above 78%, and the effluent concentration of CODcr is less than 57 mg/L .

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Li, Yan Qiang, Ying He Jiang, and Zhao Hua Li. "Purification Effects of Artificial Vegetated Floating Bed on Polluted Water." Advanced Materials Research 599 (November 2012): 441–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.599.441.

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Four species of ornamental plants, namely Thalia dealbata Fraser ex Roscae, Hydrocotyle vulgaris L., Iris pseudacorus L. and Canna indica L. were planted on the ecological floating bed, respectively, so as to study their effects of removing pollutants from polluted water. The experiment lasted for 42 days. The results indicate that the four plant species are adaptable to grow in polluted water and their fresh weights, heights and roots increased significantly at the end of the experiment. The growth rates are in the sequence of Canna > Thalia dealbata > Iris > Hydrocotyle vulgaris. The four test plant species have different effects on DO concentration in water, and the influence degrees are in the sequence of Hydrocotyle vulgaris > Thalia dealbata > Canna > Iris. All of the four plant species have a strong ability to remove NH4+-N, TN, TP and CODcr,, which is higher than that of the control treatments (P<0.05). The efficiencies of removing NH4+-N TN, TP and CODcr, by Hydrocotyle vulgaris , Thalia dealbata , Canna and Iris are 96.83%, 90.32%, 82.75% and 78.73%; 78.98%, 76.15%, 70.87% and 62.43%; 62.28%, 56.57%, 60.00% and 54.84%; 93.99%, 92.96%, 92.45% and 92.39%, respectively. Seeing that they have significant removal efficiencies on pollutants, the four plant species are recommended as ornamental plants applicable to ecological restoration engineering of polluted water in urban areas.

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Akhi, Sabiha Sultana, Bivas Kumar Sarkar, Nahid Sultana, Zakya Sultana Jui, RH Sarker, and M. Oliur Rahman. "Molecular characterization of Canna indica L. based on random amplified polymorphic DNA markers." Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy 28, no. 1 (June 22, 2021): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v28i1.54209.

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Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were employed for characterization, assessment of genetic variation and inferring relationships among six variants of Canna indica L. A total of 198 RAPD bands ranging from 200 bp to 3 kbp were generated by all the six variants. Among them, most of the bands were found to be polymorphic, four band were unique of which two bands (OPA022000 and OPA043000) were observed in the variant 2 (small red) and the other two (OPA013000 and OPA053000) were noticed in the variant 4 (orange), and the remaining bands were found to be monomorphic. The pair-wise genetic distance was determined among the six variants that ranged from 0.1446 to 0.6554. A dendogram was constructed based on the RAPD profiling to infer the relationship among the six variants of C. indica that resulted in two major clusters: the first one contained two variants, viz. variant 1 (local red) and variant 2 (small red), while the second cluster composed of the remaining four variants. The results as revealed from the RAPD analysis were found congruent with those of morphological and anatomical investigation of the species. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 28(1): 75-81, 2021 (June)

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Okonwu, K., and C. Ariaga. "Effects of Seed Treatment on Removal of Physical Dormancy in Canna indica L." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 14, no. 1 (January 10, 2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2017/31048.

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Enyoh, Christian Ebere, and Beniah Obinna Isiuku. "Competitive biosorption and phytotoxicity of chlorophenols in aqueous solution to Canna indica L." Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry 4 (2021): 100094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crgsc.2021.100094.

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Pappu, H. R., K. B. Druffel, and K. C. Eastwell. "Canna yellow mottle virus in Canna spp. in Washington State." Plant Disease 92, no. 7 (July 2008): 1136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-92-7-1136c.

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Canna (Canna indica) is an important nursery/landscape plant in Washington State with several nurseries producing canna plants for wholesale and retail businesses. Canna plants showing symptoms such as mottling, general yellowing, and veinal chlorosis were found to be widespread (40% symptomatic plants in a nursery of more than 2,000 plants) in Grant County, WA in September 2007. Symptomatic leaves from five plants of each of the following cultivars were tested: Richard Wallace, Crimson Beauty, Wyoming, Petoria, Pink Beauty, Robert Kemp, and Black Knight. Electron microscopic examination of leaf-dip preparations from symptomatic leaves showed badnavirus-like particles of approximately 120 × 30 nm. A badnavirus, Canna yellow mottle virus (CaYMV) (family Caulimoviridae, genus Badnavirus) from canna was first reported from Japan (4) and later in the United States (1,3). Most recently, CaYMV was reported from Italy and the Netherlands (2). Samples were tested for CaYMV by PCR using CaYMV-specific primers, CaYMV-3 (5′- GAC TTC CTG GGT GCA ACA AT -3′) and CaYMV-4 (5′- TCT GTG CAA TCT TGG CGT AG -3′) (2), which produced a 565-bp amplicon. All samples tested gave the amplicon of expected size. The amplicon from one leaf sample from each of the cultivars was cloned and sequenced. Sequence comparisons with those available in the GenBank confirmed that the sequence obtained was that of CaYMV (95% sequence identity). Increased awareness of the prevalence of CaYMV in nurseries and avoiding the propagation and distribution of infected plants are necessary to minimize the further spread of this virus in canna. References: (1) B. E. L. Lockhart. Acta Hortic. 234:69, 1988. (2) M. T. Marino et al. Online publication. New Disease Reports. http://www.bspp.org.uk/NDR/july2007/2007-08.asp , 2007. (3) M. T. Momol et al. Online publication. doi:10.1094/PHP-2004-0809-01-HN. Plant Health Progress, 2004. (4) S. Yamashita et al. Ann. Phytopathol. Soc. Jpn. 51:642, 1985.

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Fonseca López, Dania, Lily Monroy Fonseca, and Carlos Eduardo Rodríguez Molano. "Efecto del método de extracción del almidón de Canna indica L. sobre sus propiedades físico-químicas." Revista Lasallista de Investigación 16, no. 2 (February 15, 2020): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22507/rli.v16n2a4.

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Introducción. En Colombia el almidón de Canna indica L. se extrae por métodos artesanales, pero se desconoce si estos influyen en sus propiedades físico químicas. Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de dos métodos de extracción del almidón de Canna indica L. sobre sus propiedades físico químicas. Materiales y métodos. Se extrajo el almidón por licuado y por rallado, y se evaluó su índice de absorción de agua, solubilidad en agua, poder de hinchamiento, temperatura de gelatinización (TG) y viscosidad en buffer a diferente pH. También se determinó su calidad composicional y la del rizoma. Se empleó un diseño completamente al azar, y el análisis de los datos de las características químicas del almidón se hizo por comparación de medias de dos poblaciones normales con t student (P <0.05). Resultados. Se observó que la viscosidad en medios ácidos y la TG del almidón extraído por el método rallado fue mayor (75.6 ± 1.91 ° C), comparado con el almidón extraído por licuado (62.08 ± 1.83 ° C) (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusión. El almidón extraído por rallado soporta mayor temperatura y tolera mejor los medios ácidos, lo que demuestra que el tratamiento físico del almidón influye en las propiedades TG y la resistencia del almidón a la acidez.

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Sasaerila, Yorianta Hidayat, Sakinah Sakinah, Nita Noriko, and Risa Swandari Wijihastuti. "Effects of Light Environments on Leaf Traits and Phenotypic Plasticity of Canna indica." Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education 13, no. 2 (August 27, 2021): 169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/biosaintifika.v13i2.30175.

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Canna indica L (African arrowroot), is a beneficial, multi-use tropical perennial with a worldwide distribution, but relatively unexplored. This plant has the potential to be developed as a food crop in an intercropping system, utilizing idle land under commercial plantations such as rubber or teak. This study aimed to determine the best light-growing conditions for C. indica. A completely randomized design was used with growth light as the treatment consisting of 25%, 50%, and 100% of natural light, respectively. Leaf traits, growth characteristics, and phenotypic plasticity were used to measure C. indica’s response to different treatments. The results of this study showed that C. indica grown in low light has the best growth with increased height, leaf area, root and shoot dry weights, but decreased leaf thickness, which caused the increase in specific leaf area, leaf area ratio, and leaf weight ratio, but decreased root to shoot ratio. Based on leaf traits and biomass allocation, the phenotypic plasticity index was 0.23, a typical number for shade tolerant species. These findings were the first time to be reported for C. indica. For agroforestry practices, it can be recommended that C. indica be used as an intercropping plant under tree canopies.

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Ciciarelli, María de las Mercedes, and Lilian M. Passarelli. "Morfología palinológica y viabilidad en especies de Canna L. (Cannaceae- Zingiberales) e híbridos relacionados." Boletín de la Sociedad Argentina de Botánica 55, no. 2 (June 25, 2020): 231–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31055/1851.2372.v55.n2.23738.

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Introducción y objetivos: Los cultivares de Canna resultaron de la hibridación intensiva de cinco especies americanas diploides: C. flaccida Salsb., C. glauca L., C. indica L, C. iridiflora Ruiz et Pav. y C. warscewiczii A. Dietr. Se estudia por primera vez la morfología palinológica y la viabilidad del polen de tres híbridos triploides pertenecientes a la notoespecie C. x generalis y de tres especies parentales: C. glauca, C. indica y C. warscewizii, que crecen en Argentina. El objetivo es aportar información sobre la hibridización y la evolución artificial del género Canna mediante un estudio de la morfología palinológica y la viabilidad del polen. M&M: Los granos de polen de flores frescas se observaron con microscopio óptico siguiendo la técnica de Wodehouse. La observación de la esporodermis y de las espinas se realizó con un microscopio electrónico de barrido, en tanto que la viabilidad del polen se estudió mediante la técnica de MTT (Rodriguez-Riano & Dafni, 2000). Resultados: Los caracteres morfológicos observados indicaron diferencias significativas. En las especies silvestres, la forma y el tamaño de los granos es regular al igual que el tamaño, morfología, distribución y densidad de las espinas. En los híbridos, los caracteres mencionados resultan irregulares, con importantes diferencias en el tamaño y con una densidad de espinas 2-3 veces mayor que la del polen perteneciente a las especies parentales. Conclusiones: Los resultados de la viabilidad del polen se correlacionan con la presencia y la ausencia de semillas.

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Tessema, Takele Sime, Amare Tiruneh Adugna, and M. Kamaraj. "Removal of Pb (II) from Synthetic Solution and Paint Industry Wastewater Using Activated Carbon Derived from African Arrowroot (Canna indica) Stem." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2020 (December 19, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8857451.

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This study aimed to investigate the potential of Canna indica stem-based activated carbon (CISAC) for the removal of Pb (II) ions from synthetic solution and paint industry wastewater. The effects of pH, initial Pb (II) ion concentration, and adsorbent dose were studied using an aqueous solution prepared using pure lead nitrate (Pb(NO₃)₂) on a batch mode. Dried Canna indica stem (CIS) was carbonized in a rectangular furnace at 500°C for 2 h and treated with phosphoric acid (H3PO4) at a ratio of 1 : 1 (w/v). Results showed that the CISAC had 5.4% of moisture, 5.0% of ash, 26.7% of volatile matter, 62.9% of fixed carbon, and 797.5 mg/g of iodine number. The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) results showed that the hydroxyl, carboxyl, and phenolic functional groups were dominant in the CISAC surface. Physicochemical characteristics revealed that raw wastewater had a concentration of 4.6 mg/L Pb (II), 3 mg/L Cu (II), 171 mg/L BOD5, 2402 mg/L COD, and 619 mg/L TSS. Better removal of Pb (II) ion from aqueous solution was achieved at a pH of 5.5, initial Pb (II) concentration of 102.4 mg/L, and an adsorbent dose of 1.4 g using response surface methodology. The highest removal efficiencies of Pb (II) which was achieved from aqueous solution and paint wastewater were 98% and 70%, respectively. The experimental data are fitted with Langmuir and Freundlich isothermic models. The results suggested CISAC as a promising adsorbent to remove Pb (II) ion from paint industry wastewater.

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Chen, Heng Jung, Cheng-Nan Chen, Mao-Lin Sung, Yi-Chien Wu, Pei-Ling Ko, and Tim K. Tso. "Canna indica L. attenuates high-glucose- and lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory mediators in monocyte/macrophage." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 148, no. 1 (June 2013): 317–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2013.04.037.

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YUE, Z., H. YU, H. HARADA, and Y. LI. "Optimization of anaerobic acidogenesis of an aquatic plant, Canna indica L., by rumen cultures." Water Research 41, no. 11 (June 2007): 2361–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2007.02.031.

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Ma, Tao, Wenhui Zhang, Hongkai Fan, Lizhu Huang, Qing Xu, Guangxiang Ma, Guofeng Zhou, et al. "Study on phytoremediation for heavy metal contaminated sediments by hydrophytes." E3S Web of Conferences 143 (2020): 02020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202014302020.

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The remediation performances of heavy metals contaminaged sediment by hydrophytes including Alternanthera Philoxeroides, Canna indica L., Nymphaea tetragona, Typha orientalis, Phragmites australis, Phragmites australis, Hydrilla verticillata, Cyperus alternifolius L., Eichhornia crassipes, Acorus tatarinowii, Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop were investigated through batch pot experiments. The results showed that the enrichment effect of Pb was better in Alternanthera Philoxeroides and Acorus tatarinowii with the BCFs of 4.42 and 1.22, and the TFs of 7.84 and 4.23, respectively. The Cr enrichment effects by Nymphaea tetragona, Hydrilla verticillata and Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms were better, which BCFs were 2.69, 1.91 and 3.71, and which TFs were 7.93, 2.07 and 2.18, respectively.

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Azhary, Deny Puriyani, Rahma Zisca, Yanni Dhiani Mardhiani, and Dhini Dwi Utami. "Modifikasi Amilum Ganyong (Canna indica L.) dengan Metode Pregelatinasi Parsial untuk Eksipien Tablet Kempa Langsung." PHARMACY: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia (Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia) 16, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/pharmacy.v16i2.5450.

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Amilum ganyong adalah biomaterial yang dapat digunakan dalam industri farmasi karena memiliki sifat fisikokimia yang menyerupai amilum singkong, yang telah umum digunakan untuk industri farmasi. Amilum ganyong alami memiliki sifat alir dan kompresibilitas yang kurang baik, yang sangat penting pada proses pengempaan tablet khususnya dalam formulasi tablet kempa langsung. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah modifikasi amilum ganyong alami sehingga dapat memperbaiki sifat alir dan kompresibilitasnya untuk eksipien tablet kempa langsung. Modifikasi dilakukan dengan cara pregelatinasi parsial pada suhu 50, 55, dan 60 °C, kemudian dilakukan evaluasi amilum ganyong sebelum dan sesudah modifikasi. Setelah itu dilakukan pembuatan tablet asetosal menggunakan eksipien amilum ganyong modifikasi serta evaluasi karakteristik tablet. Hasil evaluasi amilum menunjukkan bahwa amilum ganyong modifikasi memiliki sifat alir dan kompresibilitas yang lebih baik daripada amilum alami. Hasil uji Anova menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan pada hasil evaluasi amilum alami dan modifikasi (P<0,05). Modifikasi amilum pada suhu 60 °C menunjukkan hasil terbaik. Hasil evaluasi tablet menunjukkan bahwa tablet yang menggunakan amilum modifikasi memiliki karakteristik sesuai persyaratan tablet yang baik.

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Anh, Luu The, Nguyen Hieu, Do Thi Trang, Bui Huu Tai, and Phan Van Kiem. "Two New Acylated Sucroses From the Roots of Canna indica L. and Their Antioxidant Activity." Natural Product Communications 16, no. 2 (February 2021): 1934578X2199172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x21991720.

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Two new acylated sucroses, (6- O-axetoxyl)- β-d-fructofuranosyl-(2→1)-(6- O-feruloyl- α- d-glucopyranoside (1) and (6- O-axetoxyl)- β-d-fructofuranosyl-(2→1)-(6- O-( E)- p-coumaroyl- α- d-glucopyranoside (2), and four known compounds, 2-(3′,4′-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-propanol-4′- O-[4′′′-hydroxy-3′′′,5′′′-dimethoxybenzoyl-(→6′′)- β-d-fructofuranoside (3), tryptophol glucoside (4), corchonoside C (5), and 2-hydroxy-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenyl β-d-fructofuranoside (6), were isolated from the roots of Canna indica L. (Cannaceae). Their structures were determined by extensive analysis of HR-ESI-MS, 1D, and 2D NMR spectral data, as well as by comparison of these with those reported in the literature. Antioxidant activity of compounds 1-6 were evaluated by peroxyl radical absorbance capacity assay. Compounds 1 and 3 neutralized high amounts of peroxyl radical. At a concentration of 1 µM, their ORACROO* values were 3.07 ± 0.15 and 4.27 ± 0.30, respectively, many times greater than that of trolox, which was used as an internal standard. At 10 µM, the peroxyl radical absorbance capacity of compounds 1 and 3 exhibited equivalents to 15.60 ± 0.22 and 24.91 ± 0.43 times the net protection by 1 µM of trolox.

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Barya, Mahesh Prasad, Deepak Gupta, Reetika Shukla, Tarun Kumar Thakur, and Virendra Kumar Mishra. "Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals From Mixed Domestic Sewage Through Vertical- Flow Constructed Wetland Planted with Canna Indica and Acorus Calamus." Current World Environment 15, no. 3 (December 30, 2020): 430–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.15.3.06.

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The removal of contaminants from sewage wastewater through constructed wetlands is becoming increasingly popular worldwide. Constructed wetland (CW) is a man-made structure for wastewater treatment that uses natural processes associated with wetland vegetation, soils, and their associated microbial combinations. This study investigated the performance of experimental vertical flow constructed wetland (VFCW) cells to remove heavy metals (HMs) from primary treated sewage. The primary treated sewage was collected from the sewage treatment plant (STP) in the campus of Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, India. Sewage wastewater samples were collected from all cells of the experimental VFCW and analyzed for four heavy metals (Zn, Fe, Cu, and Cr). The plant species results show that the removal efficiency of the Canna indica L. for Zn, Fe, Cu, and Cr was 95%, 92%, 96%, and 93 % and Acorus calamus L.were 89 %, 80 %, 91 %, and 47 % respectively. These macrophytes with the substrate (gravel and sand) have presented a wide range of tolerance to all the selected metals and therefore can be used for field-scale constructed wetland removal of heavy metals from sewage wastewater.

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Cui, Lihua, Ying Ouyang, Qian Lou, Fengle Yang, Ying Chen, Wenling Zhu, and Shiming Luo. "Removal of nutrients from wastewater with Canna indica L. under different vertical-flow constructed wetland conditions." Ecological Engineering 36, no. 8 (August 2010): 1083–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2010.04.026.

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Ayusman, S., P. Duraivadivel, H. G. Gowtham, S. Sharma, and P. Hariprasad. "Bioactive constituents, vitamin analysis, antioxidant capacity and α-glucosidase inhibition of Canna indica L. rhizome extracts." Food Bioscience 35 (June 2020): 100544. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100544.

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Kumbhar, Subhash T., Hemant D. Une, Dayanand M. Kannur, and Shriniwas P. Patil. "EFFECT OF CANNA INDICA L. EXTRACT AGAINST CAFFEINE-NICOTINE CO-ADMINISTRATION-INDUCED EXAGGERATION IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC RATS." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 4 (April 1, 2017): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i4.16845.

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Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of Canna indica L. extract against caffeine-nicotine administration-induced type 2 diabetes exaggeration in rats.Methods: A study was conducted for three weeks in four rat groups (n=6); viz. type 2 diabetic control group, a caffeine-nicotine diabetic control group (20mg/kg, 0.4mg/kg, ip twice daily), and Canna indica L. extract and caffeine-nicotine treatment group and standard drug treated caffeine-nicotine diabetic group (Glibencamide, 5mg/kg, once daily). Type 2 diabetes was induced by two weeks high fatty diet and a single dose streptozotocin (50mg/kg, ip) on 1th day of the study in all groups. Blood and urine samples were collected every week for serum biochemical analysis.Results: Results of extract treatment and standard drug treatment were compared with untreated caffeine-nicotine co-administration group. Difference in each relevant serum parameter was analyzed through ANOVA and Dunett’s t test. Extract treated caffeine-nicotine-diabetic group showed about 150-200mg/dL (p<0.001) reduction in the serum glucose than untreated caffeine-nicotine-diabetic control group. Extract treatment reduces serum glucose by 10-15 mg/dL than glibenclamide treatment with higher significance (p<0.001). Extract treatment showed better results than standard drug in liver and kidney function test and exhibited its better potential in controlling diabetic complications. Extract treatment increased HDL-C and reduced triglycerides, LDL-C, VLDL-C and TC much better and with higher significance than standard drug. Extract treatment reduced TC by at least 60-80mg/dL (p<0.01) in comparison to caffeine-nicotine-diabetic control group. Extract treatment reduced 10-15mg/dL of more total cholesterol than that of standard drug.Conclusion: Caffeine-nicotine co-administration-induced exaggeration of type 2 diabetes was better treated by CI extract than that of standard drug gibenclamide. Keywords: Type 2 diabetes, Streptozotocin, Caffeine, Nicotine, Diabetic complication, Rat

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Taufikurahman, T., M. A. S. Pradisa, S. G. Amalia, and G. E. M. Hutahaean. "Phytoremediation of chromium (Cr) using Typha angustifolia L., Canna indica L. and Hydrocotyle umbellata L. in surface flow system of constructed wetland." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 308 (September 4, 2019): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/308/1/012020.

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Luo, Peihui, Haijun Niu, Gang Zheng, Xuduo Bai, Milin Zhang, and Wen Wang. "From salmon pink to blue natural sensitizers for solar cells: Canna indica L., Salvia splendens, cowberry and Solanum nigrum L." Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 74, no. 4 (November 2009): 936–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2009.08.039.

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Purintrapiban, Juntipa, Maitree Suttajit, and Neil E. Forsberg. "Differential Activation of Glucose Transport in Cultured Muscle Cells by Polyphenolic Compounds from Canna indica L. Root." Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 29, no. 10 (2006): 1995–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/bpb.29.1995.

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Bose, Sutapa, Anshul Jain, Vivek Rai, and A. L. Ramanathan. "Chemical fractionation and translocation of heavy metals in Canna indica L. grown on industrial waste amended soil." Journal of Hazardous Materials 160, no. 1 (December 2008): 187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.02.119.

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Guzmán Acán, Fabricio, Veronica de Angeles Bonifaz, and Gabriela Vayas Castillo. "Evaluación Del Efecto Aglutinante Del Almidón De Canna Indica L. (Achira), En La Elaboración De la Salchicha Vienesa." Ciencia Digital 3, no. 2.6 (June 16, 2019): 388–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.33262/cienciadigital.v3i2.6.573.

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En el Centro de Producción de Cárnicos de la ESPOCH, se evaluó diferentes niveles de almidón de achira como aglutinante (5, 10, 15%), en la elaboración de salchicha vienesa, con tres repeticiones por tratamiento y un tamaño de la unidad experimental de 2 kg, los resultados obtenidos se analizaron bajo un diseño completamente al azar. Determinándose que la calidad nutritiva no se vio afectada estadísticamente por efecto de la adición del almidón de achira se presentan valores promedio de 69.68% de humedad, 13.66% de proteína, 11.12% de grasa y 3.09 % de cenizas. En las propiedades físicas como el pH y la acidez no presentó una diferencia estadística significativa entre las medias reportadas para todos los tratamientos cuyos valores fueron a los 5 días pH 6.24; a los 10 días 6.18; a los 15 días 6.04 y la Acidez a los 5 días 6.31 °D; a los 10 días 6.14°D y a los 15 días 5.99 °D, tanto el pH como la acidez fluctuaron en valores considerados ácidos, manteniéndose en el rango permisible para este tipo de producto, exigidos en la INEN 1338.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Canna indica L'

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