Relevant bibliographies by topics / Cannibalism in animals

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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Academic literature on the topic 'Cannibalism in animals'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Cannibalism in animals"

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Houghton, R. J., C. Wood, and X. Lambin. "Size-mediated, density-dependent cannibalism in the signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus (Dana, 1852) (Decapoda, Astacidea), an invasive crayfish in Britain." Crustaceana 90, no. 4 (2017): 417–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685403-00003653.

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The role of cannibalism in crayfish populations is not well understood, despite being a potentially key density-dependent process underpinning population dynamics. We studied the incidence of cannibalism in an introduced signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus population in a Scottish lowland river in September 2014. Animals were sampled using six different sampling techniques simultaneously, revealing variable densities and size distributions across the site. Cannibalism prevalence was estimated by analysing the gut contents of crayfish >20 mm CL for the presence of crayfish fragments, which was found to be 20% of dissected individuals. When seeking evidence of relationships between the sizes of cannibals and ‘prey’, the density of conspecifics <56% the size of a dissected individual yielded the best fit. The relationship between cannibalism probability and crayfish size and density was equally well described by three different metrics of crayfish density. Cannibalism increased with crayfish size and density but did not vary according to sex. These results suggest that large P. leniusculus frequently cannibalize smaller (prey) conspecifics, and that the probability of cannibalism is dependent upon the relative size of cannibal-to-prey and the density of the smaller crayfish. We suggest that removing large individuals, as targeted by many traditional removal techniques, may lead to reduced cannibalism and therefore a compensatory increase in juvenile survival.
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Bellamy, Desmond Fraser. "A ‘horrid way of feeding’." Exchanges: The Interdisciplinary Research Journal 7, no. 3 (June 26, 2020): 65–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.31273/eirj.v7i3.456.

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Cannibalism both fascinates and repels. The concept of the cannibal has changed and evolved, from the semi- or in-human anthropophagi of Classical texts to the ‘savage’ cannibals of colonial times, whose alleged aberrations served as a justification for invasion, conversion and extermination, to the contemporary cannibal driven often by psychosexual drives. Cannibal texts typically present the act as pervasive, aggressive and repulsive. If these parameters are admitted, alleged cannibals immediately fall outside normative European humanist morality. This paper examines cannibalism as a major delineator of the civilised human. Cannibals offer social scientists a handy milestone to confirm the constant improvement and progress of humanity. The idea that colonised peoples were not savage, degenerate cannibals threatens the concept of the ‘Great Chain of Being’, which was assumed to show an inexorable progress from plants to animals to humans, and upward toward the divine, led by enlightened Western civilisation. But cannibal mythology, factual or imaginary, offers an opportunity to re-evaluate the assumptions of human supremacism and see ourselves as edible, natural beings.
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Rudolf, Volker H. W., and Janis Antonovics. "Disease transmission by cannibalism: rare event or common occurrence?" Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 274, no. 1614 (February 27, 2007): 1205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2006.0449.

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Cannibalism has been documented as a possible disease transmission route in several species, including humans. However, the dynamics resulting from this type of disease transmission are not well understood. Using a theoretical model, we explore how cannibalism (i.e. killing and consumption of dead conspecifics) and intraspecific necrophagy (i.e. consumption of dead conspecifics) affect host–pathogen dynamics. We show that group cannibalism, i.e. shared consumption of victims, is a necessary condition for disease spread by cannibalism in the absence of alternative transmission modes. Thus, endemic diseases transmitted predominantly by cannibalism are likely to be rare, except in social organisms that share conspecific prey. These results are consistent with a review of the literature showing that diseases transmitted by cannibalism are infrequent in animals, even though both cannibalism and trophic transmission are very common.
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Klug, Hope, and Kai Lindström. "Hurry-up and hatch: selective filial cannibalism of slower developing eggs." Biology Letters 4, no. 2 (February 5, 2008): 160–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2007.0589.

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Filial cannibalism (the consumption of one's own offspring) is thought to represent an adaptive strategy in many animals. However, little is known about the details of which offspring are consumed when a parent cannibalizes. Here, we examined patterns of within-brood filial cannibalism in the sand goby ( Pomatoschistus minutus ). Males spawned sequentially with two females, and we asked whether males cannibalized selectively with regard to egg size or the order in which eggs were received. Males preferentially consumed the larger eggs of the second female they spawned with. Because larger eggs took longer to hatch, and because female 2's eggs were up to 1 day behind those of female 1, such preferential cannibalism might allow males to decrease the time spent caring for the current brood and re-enter the mating pool sooner. More work is needed to understand the fitness consequences of such selective cannibalism.
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Ercan, Nazlı, and Mustafa Koçkaya. "Determination of Malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) Levels in Kangal Dogs with Maternal Cannibalism." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 5, no. 12 (December 14, 2017): 1493. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v5i12.1493-1496.1478.

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Oxidative stress, which plays an active role in the pathogenesis of various diseases, continues to be relevant in assessing the condition changes such as aggression. Some of Kangal dogs have been found to eat their own puppies during their first 24 hours following birth, as a case called maternal cannibalism. The present study aims to determine the levels of serum malondialdehyde (MDA), which is a product of lipid peroxidation, and serum glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes, which are the parameters of antioxidant defense system, and total protein and albumin levels and to show their relationship with cannibalism. The study material consists of blood and blood serum of 30 Kangal dog breed in total, 15 of which have maternal cannibalism and 15 haven’t observed maternal cannibalism as a control group. Glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde levels were investigated by means of spectrophotometric method in blood serum of these animals. The difference between the mean values of total protein, GPx, SOD, MDA and albumin was statistically significant in the results obtained. These findings conclude that oxidative stress and antioxidative metabolism plays a role in the pathogenesis of cannibalism in dogs.
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Duffy, Rodney, Ian Godwin, Ian Purvis, and John Nolan. "Cannibalism in juvenile Cherax destructor Clark: The role of diet and density in cannibalism of laboratory reared animals." Freshwater Crayfish 18, no. 1 (October 28, 2011): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5869/fc.2011.v18.1.

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Ford, Hugh Z., Lynda Zeboudj, Gareth S. D. Purvis, Annemieke ten Bokum, Alexander E. Zarebski, Joshua A. Bull, Helen M. Byrne, Mary R. Myerscough, and David R. Greaves. "Efferocytosis perpetuates substance accumulation inside macrophage populations." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1904 (June 5, 2019): 20190730. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.0730.

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In both cells and animals, cannibalism can transfer harmful substances from the consumed to the consumer. Macrophages are immune cells that consume their own dead via a process called cannibalistic efferocytosis. Macrophages that contain harmful substances are found at sites of chronic inflammation, yet the role of cannibalism in this context remains unexplored. Here we take mathematical and experimental approaches to study the relationship between cannibalistic efferocytosis and substance accumulation in macrophages. Through mathematical modelling, we deduce that substances which transfer between individuals through cannibalism will concentrate inside the population via a coalescence process. This prediction was confirmed for macrophage populations inside a closed system. We used image analysis of whole slide photomicrographs to measure both latex microbead and neutral lipid accumulation inside murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (10 4 – 10 5 cells ) following their stimulation into an inflammatory state ex vivo . While the total number of phagocytosed beads remained constant, cell death reduced cell numbers and efferocytosis concentrated the beads among the surviving macrophages. As lipids are also conserved during efferocytosis, these cells accumulated lipid derived from the membranes of dead and consumed macrophages (becoming macrophage foam cells). Consequently, enhanced macrophage cell death increased the rate and extent of foam cell formation. Our results demonstrate that cannibalistic efferocytosis perpetuates exogenous (e.g. beads) and endogenous (e.g. lipids) substance accumulation inside macrophage populations. As such, cannibalism has similar detrimental consequences in both cells and animals.
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Meek, P. D., and S. C. Brown. "It’s a dog eat dog world: observations of dingo (Canis familiaris) cannibalism." Australian Mammalogy 39, no. 1 (2017): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am16018.

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Cannibalism in predators has been reported for a range of species throughout the world, including observations of dingoes (Canis familiaris) eating dingoes in Australia. Here, we report on camera trap observations of dingoes feeding on the carcasses of dingoes and showing aggressive behaviours towards live-trapped conspecifics. At this site, cannibalism and conspecific aggression by dingoes was not caused by food shortages, but was more likely a result of high dingo density in a focal area. We present the first camera trap image observations of dingoes eating dingoes and describe aggressive encounters between live animals.
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Pham, Van Khang, Ha Phuong Truong, Dat Khac Nguyen, and Nguyen Hong Nguyen. "Genetic component of cannibalism in Asian seabass Lates Calcarifer." Applied Animal Behaviour Science 231 (October 2020): 105074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2020.105074.

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Quirt, Janice, and David Lasenby. "Cannibalism and ontogenetic changes in the response of the freshwater shrimp Mysis relicta to chemical cues from conspecific predators." Canadian Journal of Zoology 80, no. 6 (June 1, 2002): 1022–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z02-084.

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Laboratory feeding experiments demonstrated that juvenile and immature mysids could be susceptible to cannibalism by adult mysids. Differences in the responses to chemical cues between juvenile, immature, and adult Mysis relicta were determined by noting the distributions of test animals after a 4-h test period in a Y-tube choice-test olfactometer. Both juvenile and immature mysids avoided water that had contained adult mysids.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cannibalism in animals"

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Johnson, J. Chadwick. "PRE-COPULATORY SEXUAL CANNIBALISM IN FISHING SPIDERS: THE ECOLOGY OF AN EXTREME SEXUAL CONFLICT." Lexington, Ky. : [University of Kentucky Libraries], 2003. http://lib.uky.edu/ETD/ukybiol2003d00094/chadsphd1.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Kentucky, 2003.
Title from document title page (viewed June 1, 2004). Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 146 p. : ill. Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 124-144).
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Hall, Nina. "I djurens ställe : En undersökning av kannibalismens roll och tematisering i Cormac McCarthys The Road." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för kultur och lärande, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-30509.

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In this essay I’m exploring the novel The Road (2006) by the American author Cormac McCarthy. My main subject of interest is the thematic presence of consumption in general and meat consumption in particular in the text, and how this theme takes on an extreme form in the described and implied acts of cannibalism. Throughout the history of the Western World cannibalistic acts have been most commonly condemned and the cannibal has been, in a wide range of discourses, a cultural symbol of opposition to the idea of – and identification with – the ”civilized (Western) self”. Within the frames of popular culture cannibalism is generally portrayed along these lines as an expression of primitivism, animalistic behavior, depravity and monstrosity. As a reader of The Road, one may classify this story as a part of this tradition in its depiction of cannibalism. However, my goal is to illustrate how the subject can be viewed in a more diverse way, which potentially leads the reader to recognize the cannibal: Not in the form of the Other but as a part of the Self; not as a telling agent of evil times but as a critical mirror image of our own. I do this by shedding light on how cannibalism can be said to connect with other discourses throughout McCarthy’s text: Meat consumption as mentioned earlier is one of them and by following that trail my reasoning also comes to include industrialized meat and cultural consumerism. The conclusion of this essay is that the occurring cannibalism in The Road can be, and in my opinion should be, read as criticism of our contemporary society and its exploitive relationship to animals.
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Bazazi, Sepideh. "Nutritional needs, cannibalism and collective behaviour in animal groups." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.543049.

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Richardson, Cristina M. "Factors leading to cannibalism in Lytechinus variegatus (Echinodermata: Echinoidia) in the laboratory." Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2010. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2010m/richardson.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2010.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed July 20, 2010). Additional advisors: Robert U. Fischer, John M. Lawrence, Ken B. Marion. Includes bibliographical references (p. 55-59).
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Pourié, Grégory. "Comportement agonistique et communication chimique chez une araignée solitaire : Tegenaria atrica (Araneae, Agelenidae)." Nancy 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NAN10268.

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Ce mémoire de thèse constitue le travail d'approfondissement d'un programme de recherche sur l'influence de la communication chimique sur le comportement agonistiqee chez les araignées. Le comportement est envisagé dans une perspective ontogénétique, car les deux questions posées dans le cadre de ce travail sont les suivantes : quelles sont les incidences des conditions de l'environnement (disponibilité en nourriture, présence de congénères) et les conditions du milieu interne (âge, état ovarien) sur le comportement social de l'individu (tolérance ou cannibalisme) ? De quelle nature sont les facteurs impliqués dans l'induction ou l'inhibition du comportement agonistique chez les araignées solitaires, comme Tegenaria atrica ? [. . . ]
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Yngvesson, Jenny. "Cannibalism in laying hens : characteristics of individual hens and effects of perches during rearing /." Skara : Dept. of Animal Environment and Health, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences ([Institutionen för husdjurens miljö och hälsa], Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2002. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2002/91-576-6360-2.pdf.

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Newsome, Corina. "Food quality and egg laying patterns in the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata." Malone University Undergraduate Honors Program / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ma1431100405.

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Thelander, Jeanette. "Kannibaler och veganer : avstånd och gränsdragningar i köttets värld." Thesis, Högskolan på Gotland, Institutionen för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hgo:diva-1129.

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There are several ways in which people can relate to eating or not eating animals. This essay is focussing two main strategies: Making distances and drawing borders. Today, there are several reasons for not eating meat, including environmental reasons, individual and public health reasons, ethical reasons and more. Yet, people eat more meat than ever. According to the UN, this is a major problem. In 2006 the report Livestock’s long shadow pointed out that meat consumption was a bigger problem from an environmental point of view, than global transports, including air-traffic. At the same time, western societies are becoming both more animal friendly (when it comes to companion animals) and more animal abusive (when it comes to production animals). There seems to be a lot of empathy for animals, yet people choose to hurt them, kill them and eat them. This essay, with a feministic approach, tries to reveal what mechanisms are behind this ambigous behaviour. The findings suggest that the border line between humans and animals is blurred due to several reasons.
Att äta eller inte äta djur är en fråga som det går att förhålla sig till på olika sätt. Den här uppsatsen fokuserar på två huvudstrategier: Avståndstagande och gränsdragningar. I dag finns många anledningar till att inte äta kött, till exempel miljöskäl, hälsoskäl (såväl individuella som folkhälsomässiga), etiska skäl med flera. Ändå äter jordens befolkning mer kött än någonsin. Enligt FN är det ett stort problem. Rapporten "Livestock's long shadow" som kom ut 2006, pekar ut köttkonsumtionen som ett större miljöproblem än världens samlade transporter, inklusive flygtransporter. Samtidigt, håller västerländska samhällen på att bli allt mer djurvänliga (när det handlar om sällskapsdjur) och allt mer djurfientliga (när det handlar om så kallade produktionsdjur). Det finns uppenbarligen mycket empati för djuren, ändå väljer människor att göra dem illa,  döda dem och äta dem. Den här uppsatsen försöker ur ett feministiskt perspektiv undersöka de mekanismer som ligger bakom detta ambivalenta beteende. Resultatet tyder på att gränsen mellan människa och djur är en kulturell konstruktion som håller på att suddas ut, av flera skäl.
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Nugent, Graham. "The role of wild deer in the epidemiology and management of bovine tuberculosis in New Zealand." Phd thesis, Lincoln University. Bio-Protection and Ecology Division, 2005. http://theses.lincoln.ac.nz/public/adt-NZLIU20070212.130927/.

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The eco-epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis (Tb) in wild deer (mainly red deer Cervus elaphus) in New Zealand was investigated. Bovine Tb is caused by Mycobacterium bovis. Specific aims were to clarify the likely routes of infection in deer, and to determine the status of deer as hosts of Tb, the likely rates and routes of inter- and intra-species transmission between deer and other wildlife hosts, the role of deer in spreading Tb, and the likely utility of deer as sentinels of Tb presence in wildlife. As the possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) is the main wildlife host of Tb, the research also included some investigation of transmission routes in possums. Patterns of infection were measured in 994 deer killed between 1993 and 2003. Tb prevalence varied between areas (range 8–36%). Few deer had generalised infection, with 21–68% of infected deer having no visible lesions, depending on the area. The retropharyngeal lymph nodes and oropharyngeal tonsils were commonly infected. No dependent fawns less than 0.75 years old were infected, indicating intra-species transmission is rare in wild deer. Where possums were not controlled, the net (cumulative) force of infection in young (1–4 y) deer was 0.10–0.24 per year in males and 0.09–0.12 per year in females, but much lower in older deer (less than 0.05 per year). Possum control reduced the net force of infection quickly, and eventually to zero. However, Tb persisted in possum-controlled areas through immigration of infected deer and, for almost a decade, through the survival of resident deer infected before possum control. Tb was lost from infected deer at an exponential rate of 0.13 per year, mostly as a result of deer recovering from infection rather than dying from it. Wild deer do die of Tb, but there was no discernible effect on age structure. The occurrence of infection in deer was not linked to the local deer or possum density at their kill sites (i.e. in their home range), but the area-wide prevalence of Tb in deer was closely correlated with Tb levels in possums, which were in turn correlated with area-wide measures of possum density. For wild deer in New Zealand, Tb is a persistent but usually inconsequential disease of the lymphatic system. It is acquired mainly by young independent deer, usually orally via the tonsils, and probably as a result of licking infected possums. Many species fed on deer carrion, including possums. Most possums encountering carrion did not feed on it, but a few fed for long periods. Other scavengers such ferrets (Mustela furo), hawks (Circus approximans), and weka (a hen-sized flightless native bird; Gallirallus australis) fed in a way that probably increased the infectivity of carrion to possums. Commercial deer hunting may have facilitated the historical establishment of Tb in possums. Scavenging (including cannibalism) and interactions with dead and dying possums are identified for the first time as potentially important routes for transmission of Tb to possums, and I develop new hypotheses involving peri- and post-mortem transmission in possums that explain many of the epidemiological patterns that are characteristic of the disease in possum. In continuous native forest, deer home range size averaged 250 hectares for six young females, and over twice that for two males. Over 90% of infected deer are likely to die within 2 km (females) or 6 km (males) of where they acquired Tb, but deer could occasionally carry Tb up to 30 km. Deer will be useful as sentinels, but only where other sentinels are rare, because the force of infection for a deer with a single infected possum in its home range is only 0.004 per year, compared to greater than 0.2 per year for deliberately released pigs. Deer are occasionally capable of initiating new cycles of infection in wildlife, but deer control is not essential to eradicate Tb from wildlife.
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Martini, Xavier. "Évolution du cannibalisme et du comportement de ponte chez les coccinelles aphidiphages." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/803/.

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Les coccinelles aphidiphages sont largement utilisées en lutte biologique. Pourtant, à ce jour peu d'entre elles ont montré une réelle efficacité au contrôle des populations de pucerons. Une des raisons est que les femelles évitent de pondre sur des colonies où se trouvent déjà des larves. En effet, elles reconnaissent une phéromone d'inhibition de la ponte (ODP) contenue dans les traces que déposent les larves sur leur substrat. La reconnaissance de cette phéromone permet aux femelles de préserver leur descendance du cannibalisme très présent chez ces insectes. Cependant, pour les larves qui la pratique, le cannibalisme est avantageux puisqu'il constitue un apport alimentaire supplémentaire particulièrement utile lorsque les pucerons viennent à manquer. Ce conflit entre larves et femelles constitue le fil rouge de ma thèse. Le premier chapitre de ma thèse consiste en un travail de modélisation qui établit un lien entre l'évolution du cannibalisme chez les larves de coccinelles, et la sensibilité des femelles à l'ODP. Nous y montrons notamment l'intérêt du polymorphisme dans le maintien de ce système et la pression évolutive qui avantage les larves dont les traces se différencient du reste de la population. Le second chapitre est une étude comportementale qui étudie l'effet de l'apparentement sur la réponse des femelles à l'ODP. En utilisant un modèle de Cox, nous montrons une plus grande sensibilité des femelles en présence de traces larvaires produites par leurs propres larves que celles de larves non apparentées. Finalement le troisième chapitre est une étude des facteurs influençant le cannibalisme des œufs par les larves, ainsi que l'avantage que celles-ci en retirent. Les expériences soulignent notamment l'avantage du cannibalisme juste avant l'entrée en pupe, ainsi que les capacités d'apprentissage des larves qui augmentent leurs taux de prédation sur les œufs conspécifiques quand elles en ont déjà consommées auparavant
The framework of this Thesis is the evolution of cannibalism and oviposition strategies in Coccinellidae. The first chapter of is an evolutionary model that deals with the links between egg-cannibalism and female response to oviposition deterring pheromone (ODP). The second chapter is a behavioral study on female's response to the ODP synthesized by related larvae, compared to ODP synthesized by non-related larvae. As predicted by the model, we show that females are more sensitive to tracks synthesized by kin, but this discrimination do not hold with the experience, and the age of female. Finally, the third chapter deals with the interest and the decision making of eggs-cannibalism by larvae. We show that cannibalism is particularly advantageous before the end of the larval development, because it brings more reserves than aphids. Moreover, due to chemical protection eggs are less predated than aphids, but we demonstrate the possibility of learning that make this protection useless
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Books on the topic "Cannibalism in animals"

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Mitchell, Joseph C. Cannibalism in reptiles: A worldwide review. [S.l.]: Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, 1986.

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Fredericks, Anthony D. Cannibal animals: Animals that eat their own kind. New York: F. Watts, 1999.

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Buckley, Raymond M. Incidence of cannibalism and intra-generic predation by chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in Puget Sound, Washington. Olympia, WA: Washington Dept. of Fish and Wildlife, Fish Program, Resource Assessment Division, 1999.

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Buckley, Raymond M. Incidence of cannibalism and intra-generic predation by chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in Puget Sound, Washington. Olympia, WA: Washington Dept. of Fish and Wildlife, Fish Program, Resource Assessment Division, 1999.

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Buckley, Raymond M. Incidence of cannibalism and intra-generic predation by chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in Puget Sound, Washington. Olympia, WA: Washington Dept. of Fish and Wildlife, Fish Program, Resource Assessment Division, 1999.

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Colin, Serge. Autour de la bête du Gévaudan. [Puy-en-Velay?: S. Colin, 1990.

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The mammoth book of maneaters. New York: Carroll & Graf, 2003.

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MacCormick, Alex. The mammoth book of maneaters. London: Robinson, 2003.

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Fabre, F. La bête du Gévaudan. Nimes: C. Lacour, 1994.

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Cubizolles, Pierre. Loups-garous en Gévaudan: Le martyre des innocents. Brioude, France: Editions Watel, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Cannibalism in animals"

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Fitzgerald, Carey. "Cannibalism." In Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior, 1–3. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_79-1.

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Still, Judith. "The Savage." In Derrida and Other Animals. Edinburgh University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9780748680979.003.0004.

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This chapter takes up Derrida’s analysis of Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe in The Beast and the Sovereign volume 2, and sets the figure of the savage in the context of eighteenth-century philosophical and proto-ethnographic writing about the New World including Buffon, Jefferson, Maubert de Gouvest and the Encyclopédie. La Fontaine again emerges as an intertext with a fable featuring beavers which highlights the key question whether or not perfectibility divides man from the animal. Other properties that are relevant in this context are choice of diet (in particular cannibalism), bodily adornment (nudity as opposed to clothes, hairiness or hairlessness), living in solitude or in communities, language, sovereignty and naming. The savage is represented on the frontier between the human and the animal – sometimes falling on one side and sometimes on the other.
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Hass, Jeffrey K. "Ties That Bind." In Wartime Suffering and Survival, 89–130. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197514276.003.0004.

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Starvation impacted not only political authority. It also severely shocked intimate relations and fields of meaning. In such duress, stealing food and other innovations and violations of norms became growing temptations—yet whether one carried out such strategies depended in part on social distance and empathy vis-à-vis those who might benefit and might suffer. Theft from organizations was easier than stealing from strangers, which was easier than stealing from an acquaintance. Symbolic distance also shaped survival practices, especially as Leningraders were forced to reclassify “food.” Proximity of nontraditional to traditional forms of food shaped culinary innovations. Inanimate objects (e.g., glue) were easier to reclassify as food than animals, and Leningraders ate horses more easily than cats. The most problematic innovation was cannibalism, a recurring narrative touchstone. Paradoxically, cannibalism could corrode and support norms: its appearance created dread of a new unhuman normality, but it also invoked condemnation and reinforced the importance of “civilization.”
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Milam, Erika Lorraine. "The Human Animal." In Creatures of Cain, 102–12. Princeton University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691181882.003.0006.

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This chapter turns to the work of Konrad Lorenz. Primarily interested in the scientific study of animal behavior, Lorenz believed that understanding how and why animals behave the way they do would shed light on the predicament of human behavior and the problem of nuclear escalation. Whereas Ardrey had lumped together hunting, cannibalism, and murderous rage into a single entity that defined humanity, Lorenz carefully distinguished the hunger associated with the killing of other species for food (an interspecific behavior) from (intraspecific) aggression inherent to killing a member of one's own species. Hunters and warriors were not the same thing—and between them, Lorenz was interested in only the latter. One of the deepest intellectual splits between Ardrey and Lorenz concerned the timing and causality of man's relationship with tools of war: whereas Ardrey insisted that the accidental discovery of weapons drove our intellectual and social development as humans (the weapon made the man), Lorenz flipped these, asserting the far more commonly held belief that early humans self-consciously developed weapons as tools for hunting.
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"Kinnibalism, Cannibalism:." In Thinking Plant Animal Human, 109–10. University of Minnesota Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5749/j.ctv1220rcg.12.

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Nishimura, K. "Kleptoparasitism and Cannibalism." In Encyclopedia of Animal Behavior, 253–58. Elsevier, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-045337-8.00279-5.

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Bleakley, Bronwyn. "Cannibalism in Crustaceans." In Life Histories, 347–74. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190620271.003.0014.

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Cannibalism is widespread in animal taxa, but perhaps nowhere more so than in crustaceans. It receives considerable research attention because it structures populations, influences the management of economically important species, and affects species of conservation concern on both the endangered and invasive ends of the spectrum. Crustaceans are particularly likely to engage in cannibalism because they molt. Molting is an energetically expensive process, and cannibalism may provide critical nutrition, even in typically herbivorous species. In addition, molting is a dangerous process that puts individuals at risk, and molting creates distinct size classes, with smaller individuals experiencing greater risk of depredation. The occurrence of cannibalism in crustaceans is influenced by many environmental factors, including habitat type and complexity and the availability of refugia, the availability of alternative prey, and the size structure of populations. In addition, the occurrence of cannibalism may be influenced by genetics and kin selection. While all these factors have been found to influence cannibalism in a range of crustacean species, there is significant variation within and among species in the likelihood of cannibalism and which factors are most influential in any given group. Despite much research on the proximate causes of cannibalism in crustaceans, many avenues of research remain, including the genetics of cannibalism and the degree to which kin selection might influence the evolution of crustacean cannibalism.
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Hobbs, Simon. "Weekend and Cannibal Holocaust: Art, Ballyhoo and Remediation." In Cultivating Extreme Art Cinema, 63–87. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474427371.003.0004.

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This chapter starts with an assessment of Jean-Luc Godard’s auteur status, before focusing on Weekend, a film frequently overlooked in discussions of extreme art cinema. By drawing attention to the film’s depiction of cannibalism, rape and real animal slaughter, the chapter highlights the similarities it shares with other extreme texts, repositioning it within the boarder extreme art film tradition outlined throughout the book. To find out whether this reputation impacts the commercial identity of the film, the chapter moves on to explore the paratextuality of the film. Ultimately concluding that the film’s distributors (Artificial Eye) offer a hybridised object that flirts with extremity, the chapter then examines Ruggero Deodato’s Cannibal Holocaust. Noting similarities between the films, the chapter provides a detailed analysis of Shameless Screen Entertainment collectors’ edition DVD. Showing how the paratextual material re-constructs the film’s history, the analysis argues that Cannibal Holocaust’s remediation moves it away from an exploitation film ghetto by employing traditionally highbrow marketing techniques. By complicating existing ideas regarding the commercial function of extremity, the chapter illustrates the extent to which home entertainment objects obscure long-standing taste distinctions.
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