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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cannibalism'
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Watson, Kelly L. "Encountering Cannibalism: A Cultural History." Connect to this title online, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1149995164.
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Lawrence, Susan. "Sexual cannibalism in praying mantids." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362573.
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De, Jong Dorine. "Characterization of the Signaling Pathways Involved in Cellular Cannibalism Elicited by Ionizing Radiation." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS101.
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Les stratégies thérapeutiques anticancer sont nombreuses et variées. Elles visent à déclencher la mort des cellules tumorales mais les processus de mort cellulaire diffèrent en fonction du traitement, du type de cellule ciblé et des caractéristiques du patient. A côté des mécanismes classiques tels que l’apoptose et la nécrose, on retrouve également du cannibalisme cellulaire dans les biopsies de tumeurs des patients. Ce phénomène dont les mécanismes sont encore peu caractérisés, correspond à l’internalisation d’une cellule vivante par une cellule vivante. Il est fréquemment suivi par la dégradation de la cellule internalisée. Cette modalité de mort atypique est intéressante car nous avons montré qu’elle pouvait être modulée par des traitements anticancéreux et des études ont également démontré qu’elle pouvait servir de biomarqueur pronostique dans certains types de cancer. Ces travaux de thèse ont permis d'identifier des voies de signalisation cellulaire activées lors du déclenchement du cannibalisme cellulaire par les radiations ionisantes<br>Many types of anticancer therapies are available to kill tumor cells. The tumoral cell death modalities may be different upon the treatment, the cell type and inter-individual sensitivity. Besides the typical cell death processes apoptosis and necrosis, cellular cannibalism has also been reported in patients’ tumoral biopsies. This cellular process is defined as the engulfment of one live cell by another live cell followed by the degradation of the inner cell. The mechanisms beyond cellular cannibalism are still partially understoof but it appears to be of clinical relevance. Indeed, we have shown that these events could be modulated by anticancer treatments and there are evidences of their utility as a potent prognostic biomarker in some cancers. This thesis presents the in vitro experiments which led to the identification of the signaling pathways involved in cellular cannibalism induced by ionizing radiation
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Manica, Andrea. "Filial cannibalism in a sergeant damselfish." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.620536.
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Fowler, Michael Anthony. "Unsavory Sights: Cannibalism in Greek Art." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8908.
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Scenes involving the breaking or outright inversion of culinary and (com)mensal norms are frequent in Greek art of the Archaic and Classical periods. The most discussed group of such images involves the uncivilized act of binge drinking unmixed wine and, as a result, losing control of one’s mind and body. Far less studied from an iconographic perspective are scenes of cannibalism, the most extreme and unsettling of all Greek culinary taboos. This paper seeks to define the iconography and meaning of cannibalism in Greek art through an exploration of the individual and shared compositional features of anthropophagic scenes and their visual relationship to normative images of meat consumption. Analytical attention will also be given to the objects on which these scenes appear and the relationship between the scenes and any other decorative content. Of particular interest is the way in which the iconography reflects cannibalism’s association with other serious normative violations, for example, infanticide (e.g., Prokne slaying her son Itys) and inhospitality (e.g., the Egyptian pharaoh Bousiris attempting to sacrifice his guest-friend Herakles). [The manuscript is currently being developed into an article to be submitted for publication consideration, probably in winter 2021.]
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Fowler, Michael Anthony. "Unsavory Sights: Cannibalism in Greek Art." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8911.
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Connors, Timothy W. "High resolution simulations of galactic cannibalism." Swinburne Research Bank, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.3/44962.
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Thesis (PhD) - Swinburne University of Technology, 2008.<br>A dissertation presented in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Swinburne University of Technology - 2008. Typescript. Bibliography: p. 133-145.
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Pruett, Richard Brandon. "Cannibalism: A Failure to Be Satisfied." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2009. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1813.
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This thesis supports the Master of Fine Arts exhibition at the Tipton Gallery, East Tennessee State University, from March 23rd through April 3rd, 2009. To comment on the title of my thesis, it describes an invented process created to re-contextualize failed paintings into works that critically comment on the discipline of painting itself. The paper describes and analyzes the conceptual moves created by a refusal to be satisfied with predictable outcomes in my work. At the end of this tumultuous quest to explore what painting is to me, the most rewarding works were a product of a reconfigured failure.
This paper also briefly discusses a period in the history of painting that is particularly relevant to my work, influential artists that I have continually returned in admiration, and collage techniques and materials used to create my work. An explanation of my current body of work is given at the end.
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Tharp, James Whitney. "Fanihi: a cultural digest. Cannibalism or conservation?" Thesis, Montana State University, 2010. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2010/tharp/TharpJ1210.pdf.
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There is a conflict on the island of Rota in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands between conservationists and the cultural traditions of Chamorro inhabitants. The traditional model of broadcasting media to a wide audience is not effective in intervening in environmental conflicts within indigenous communities compared to an emerging model of filmmaking that embraces local voices and perspectives. Historically, indigenous depictions in media tend to misrepresent "Others" in order to reinforce the imperialist interests of Western society. Within this essay I intend to analyze how Western media suppresses indigenous voice while investigating strategies for the creation of effective environmental films targeted towards specific local audiences. Awareness of the mistakes of filmmakers of the past combined with the availability of inexpensive production and distribution technologies will allow alternative models of filmmaking to portray a diversity of perspectives. Environmental films that feature indigenous voices allow local communities to define and strengthen their own cultural values while creating texts that broaden global understandings of the diversity of the human experience.
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Kirk, Helen Margaret. "Cannibalism in a Chrysomelid beetle, Gastrophysa viridula." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235525.
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Cannibalism is a very common phenomenon throughout the animal kingdom. Females of the green dock leaf beetle, Gastrophysa viridula, lay clutches of eggs on the leaves of dock plants (Rumex species). Cannibalism takes the form of larvae eating unhatched conspecific eggs. Both within-clutch and inter-clutch cannibalism were observed. Within-clutch cannibalism was found to be of very limited extent. However, two observations indicated that cannibalism in G. viridula is more important than this finding might suggest. First instar larvae proved to be much more voracious cannibals when given an unlimited supply of newly laid eggs than when in normally hatching clutches. Also, viable as well as non-viable eggs were eaten from within clutches. The individual fitness benefits gained through cannibalism were studied. Larvae fed on eggs alone were unable to complete the first instar. But larvae given young eggs during their first instar along with dock leaves throughout all three instars did better in terms of survival and developmental rates than larvae fed only on dock leaves. No relationship was found between adult female size and lifetime egg production or longevity. Females were found to lay consecutively larger and smaller clutches throughout most of their lives. Mathematical models were used to interpret the results of a sperm competition experiment. The results were consistent with two mechanisms of sperm competition: linear transfer of sperm with time from male to female and sperm removal or repositioning with sperm mixing, or diminishing transfer of sperm with time and sperm mixing without displacement. The individual benefits of cannibalism in terms of survival observed in the laboratory were sufficient to satisfy Hamilton's inclusive fitness criterion for the evolution of selfish behaviour, even for the case of larvae eating full-siblings. It was anticipated that mechanisms may have evolved to reduce the risks of inter-clutch cannibalism. The distance from previously laid clutches that females lay their eggs was found to be important in this respect. and an intrinsic protective mechanism against cannibalism which becomes more effective with age was found. A possible link between this mechanism and chemical defence normally assumed to have evolved as a mechanism against inter-specific predation is suggested. It was found that the relative concentration of total oleic acid increased with age in G. viridula eggs, whereas the relative concentrations of all other major fatty acids declined or remained constant. The possible anti-cannibalistic role of oleic acid merits further investigation. The relationships between clutch size, asynchrony of hatching and the extent of within-clutch cannibalism were also studied. Asynchrony of hatching was found to increase with clutch size. Although negative relationships were found between hatching success of viable eggs and both clutch size and asynchrony of hatching, multiple regression showed that clutch size was the primary factor affecting the hatching success rate of viable eggs. An ability to distinguish between related and non-related eggs as victims was not found among first instar larvae. This finding is discussed in the light of individual and kin selection and the probability of encountering related eggs.
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Ford, Hugh. "Theory and experiments on cannibalism in macrophages." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/21490.
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In this thesis I use mathematical and experimental approaches to show that cannibalistic efferocytosis (where cells consume dead cells of the same type) perpetuates the accumulation of particles inside macrophages. We deduce that particles which are transferred between individuals through cannibalism will concentrate inside the population via a coalescence process. We model this process using a coagulation-fragmentation equation (a system of ordinary differential equations). This time-dependent solution to a simplified version of this model is solved analytically. We confirm this prediction experimentally for macrophage populations inside a closed system. We use image analysis of whole slide photomicrographs to measure both latex microbead and neutral lipid accumulation inside murine bone marrow-derived macrophages following their ex vivo stimulation into an inflammatory state. While the total number of phagocytosed beads remained constant, cell death reduced cell numbers and efferocytosis concentrated the beads among the surviving macrophages. Since lipids are also conserved during efferocytosis, these cells accumulated lipid derived from the membranes of dead and consumed macrophages (becoming macrophage foam cells). Our results demonstrate that cannibalistic efferocytosis perpetuates exogenous (e.g. beads) and endogenous (e.g. lipids) substance accumulation inside macrophage populations. We extend our experimentally-verified coagulation-fragmentation equation to study lipid accumulation inside macrophages during inflammation associated with atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease orchestrated by macrophages in the artery wall which accumulate lipid. This model includes a lipid-structured partial integro-differential equation. The steady state solution to this equation can be found and used to understand several aspects of atherosclerosis.
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Haynes, Michael C. "Cannibalism in holistic perspective : a multi-dimensional approach." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 1994. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/131.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.<br>Bachelors<br>Arts and Sciences<br>Anthropology
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Modisane, L. N. "Relationship between cannabis use and psychiatric disorders in patients admitted at Dr George Mukhari Hospital Psychiatric Unit." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/442.
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Thesis (M Med (Psychiatry))--University of Limpopo, 2010.<br>BACKGROUND
Cannabis is the commonly used illicit drug of choice in South Africa and throughout the world. The majority of individuals who use cannabis do not report adverse reactions to it, however a minority of heavy users will develop problems. A substantial number of patients admitted at our psychiatry unit seem to be using cannabis.
AIMS
The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between cannabis use in psychiatric disorders in patients admitted in George Mukhari Hospital Psychiatry Unit, to determine the pattern of cannabis use, to identify the common psychiatric disorders in patients using cannabis, to determine the socio-economic factors that may lead to cannabis use.
METHODS
A total of 75 participants admitted at Doctor George Mukhari hospital and diagnosed with psychiatric disorders according to the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders fourth edition text revised were interviewed using a structured questionnaire and had urine specimens collected for analysis. Out of 75 participants a control group of 34 participants who tested negative for urinary cannabinoids were interviewed. The participants had signed a written informed consent in their language of preference. The study had been approved by the Research Ethics and Publications Committee of the University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus).Data was analysed with the help of the statistician and reported on graphs, pie-charts and tables.
RESULTS
16(39%) of participants who tested positive were diagnosed with schizophrenia, 7 (17%) of those who tested positive were diagnosed with cannabis induced psychotic disorder, 5(12%) of those tested positive were diagnosed with psychosis due to GMC (HIV) and 6(15%) were diagnosed with psychosis due GMC (epilepsy). 8(24%) of those who tested negative were diagnosed with schizophrenia, 15(44%) of those tested negative were diagnosed with cannabis induced psychotic disorder, 2(6%) were diagnosed with psychosis due to GMC (HIV) and to 2(6%) of those who tested negative were diagnosed with psychosis due to GMC (epilepsy). Majority 24 (32%) smoked cannabis using pipes 4-5 times, 19 (25%) used zols 4-5 times, 12(16%) used pipes 2-3 times, 11(14%) used 1 zol in the 30 days prior to the interview. Most of the participants were of low socio-economic status and had started using cannabis early in their lives.
CONCLUSION
Cannabis use is related to a number of psychiatric disorders in patients admitted at Dr George Mukhari Hospital. Schizophrenia, cannabis induced psychotic disorder, psychosis due to GMC (HIV), psychosis due to epilepsy were the commonest identified disorders.
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Bazazi, Sepideh. "Nutritional needs, cannibalism and collective behaviour in animal groups." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.543049.
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Janse, van Rensburg Dené. "The Lamb's Wrath : Cannibalism, Divinity, and Apocalypse in Hannibal." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/81922.
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This study proposes that the television series Hannibal (Fuller 2013-2015), with its aesthetic and thematic emphasis on Christian motifs and imagery, is a contemporary apocalyptic fiction. Specifically, this study argues that Hannibal provides a new typology: the metamythic apocalypse narrative. To posit these arguments, I approach the analysis of the television text from four of the stronger concepts that surface in the reading of Hannibal, which are the relationship between cannibalism and divinity, the God-Devil opposition, the We(i)ndigo figure as a symbol of the Holy Trinity, and the Apocalyptic narrative. The first three concepts inform the typology of apocalyptic narrative that the series follows and are essential in establishing the criteria for this new typology.
Insofar as existing television tropes and conventions go, the first two seasons of Hannibal remain in the vicinity of investigative police procedure, building and perfecting its mythos around the passive- aggressive relationship between Lecter and his prodigy, FBI profiling consultant Will Graham. The procedural formalities are set aside in season three, to focus on and amplify an already ambivalent relationship with religion, providing a wealth of apocalyptic symbolism that calls the rest of the series into the new framework of apocalyptic fiction.
This study establishes that Hannibal provides a new apocalyptic narrative typology that challenges the two typologies identified by Conrad Ostwalt (2011:365-356) – the traditional apocalypse and the secular apocalypse. The traditional apocalypse allows for fictionalized events, but includes elements of supernatural (or divine) revelation. The secular apocalypse borrows symbols and themes from the traditional apocalypse, but contemporizes evil and does not adhere to the criterion of a divine agency, positing human heroism as the anthropocentric replacement for God and averting punishment and destruction. Hannibal’s (Fuller 2013-2015) particular symbolic visual vocabulary and the apocalyptic narrative typologies outlined by Ostwalt (2011) allows me to theorise the notion of the metamythic apocalypse narrative.
In establishing this new form of apocalypse narrative, I interrogate the role of the We(i)ndigo figure as Hannibal’s reconstitution of the Christian Holy Trinity and demonstrate visually how these three characters constitute this trinity – Dr Hannibal Lecter (Holy Father), Will Graham (Holy Son), and Abigail Hobbs (Holy Spirit). This metamythic apocalypse narrative engages the current secular scientific concern for the end of the world, which remains haunted by religious prophecy. The metamythic apocalypse proposes a return to the symbolic and the archetypal in answering questions about the future amidst the anxieties about the end of the world, as well as the possibility of the post- apocalyptic.
Keywords: Hannibal; cannibalism; We(i)ndigo; apocalypse narrative; metamythic apocalypse; symbolism; Holy Trinity<br>Dissertation (MA (Drama and Film Studies))--University of Pretoria, 2019.<br>Drama<br>MA (Drama and Film Studies)<br>Unrestricted
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Musseau, Camille. "Variabilité trophique chez la truite marbrée (Salmo marmoratus) : déterminismes ontogénétiques et environnementaux." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30370/document.
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La variabilité au sein des populations naturelles est un facteur primordial de maintien de la diversité fonctionnelle dans les communautés et les écosystèmes. Présente dans une aire géographique restreinte, la truite marbrée (Salmo marmoratus) est une espèce aujourd'hui menacée par les effets du changement climatique (augmentation de la fréquence et de l'intensité des crues) et par les invasions biologiques. Seules quelques populations persistent dans le bassin adriatique. Les objectifs de cette thèse sont de quantifier la variabilité trophique de cette espèce dans des populations naturelles de l'échelle populationnelle à l'échelle individuelle et d'en identifier les mécanismes. Le régime alimentaire de 1523 individus issus des sept populations du bassin de la Soca (Slovénie) échantillonnées entre 2011 et 2013 a été analysé à l'aide des isotopes stables (d15N et d13C). Les résultats mettent en évidence une forte variabilité trophique entre les individus et au sein des individus au cours de leur ontogénie. Cette variabilité trophique également observée à l'échelle populationnelle, dépend d'une part de la structure en taille des populations et d'autre part des effets des variables environnementales à la fois sur la physiologie des organismes et sur la disponibilité des ressources alimentaires. Les résultats indiquent un fort taux de cannibalisme chez cette espèce (de 6 à 32 % à l'échelle de la population) survenant par opportunisme et favorisé par la densité des proies. Le cannibalisme est un comportement permanent qui va affecter la dynamique des populations. L'étude des interactions trophiques entre la truite marbrée et une truite exotique (la truite arc-en-ciel, Oncorhynchus mykiss) montre que la compétition entre ces deux Salmonidés engendre un déplacement de niches trophiques de l'espèce native. Cependant, nos résultats suggèrent que le comportement piscivore de la truite marbrée, rarement observé chez des Salmonidés de rivière, confère à l'espèce une résistance biologique face aux invasions biologiques. L'ensemble des résultats démontre la forte plasticité trophique, à la fois individuelle et populationnelle, de ce prédateur aquatique, qui pourrait constituer un avantage adaptatif dans un contexte de changement climatique<br>Variability within natural populations plays a major role in maintaining functional diversity in communities and ecosystems. The marble trout (Salmo marmoratus) is a species of great conservation concern given its restricted geographical area. Few populations persist in the Adriatic basin, threatened by the impacts of global change (increase of the frequency and intensity of flood events) and by biological invasions. In this thesis, we aimed to quantify trophic variability of this species both at the population and individual levels and to understand the underlying mechanisms. The diet of 1523 marble trout from the seven remnant populations persisting in the Soca River basin (Slovenia) were sampled between 2011 and 2013 and were analyzed with stable isotopes (d15N and d13C). Our results show strong variability through ontogeny within as well as between individuals. This intraspecific variation was observed at the population level and was determined by both environmental variables and size-structured demography effects on fish physiology and ecological opportunities. Results indicate a high rate of opportunistic cannibalism (from 6 to 32 % in populations) promoted by prey densities. This permanent behavior may lead to modification of the populations' size structures and dynamics. Studying trophic interactions between the marble trout and an invasive salmonid species (rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss), we showed that trophic niches of the native trout shifted because of interspecific competition. However, our results suggest that the piscivorous behavior of the marble trout, rare for stream-dwelling salmonids, would be a strong advantage for biotic resistance against biological invaders. This thesis demonstrates the high trophic plasticity, both at the individual and population levels, in this freshwater predator that could be an adaptative advantage in a global change context
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Keefer, James Robinson. "Dynasties of demons cannibalism from Lu Xun to Yu Hua /." online access from Digital dissertation consortium, 2001. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?NQ73184.
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Ho, Lai Ming. "Neo-Victorian cannibalism : a reading of contemporary neo-Victorian fiction." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2013. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/neovictorian-cannibalism(b9d54eae-5d4b-44b6-8e30-0f91fcb28e0c).html.
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This thesis is about a body of contemporary neo-Victorian novels whose uneasy relationship with the past can be theorised in terms of aggressive eating, even cannibalism. Cannibalism operates on different levels throughout many works, and there is a sense of surreptitious insistence about it in the genre as a whole. Not only is the imagery of eating repeatedly used by critics to comprehend neo-Victorian literature, the theme of cannibalism itself also appears overtly or implicitly in a number of the novels and their Victorian prototypes, thereby mirroring the cannibalistic relationship between the contemporary and the Victorian. I argue that aggressive eating or cannibalism can be seen as a pathological and defining characteristic of neo-Victorian fiction. It provides a framework for understanding the genre’s origin, its conflicted, ambivalent and violent relationship with its Victorian predecessors and the grotesque and gothic effects that it generates in the fiction. Each chapter hinges on one type of ’cannibal’ through which the discussion of the theory of neo-Victorian cannibalism is elucidated. The first chapter investigates the phenomenon of incorporating the biographies of Victorian celebrities in neo-Victorian fiction. Using Gaynor Arnold’s Girl in a Blue Dress (2008) and Richard Flanagan’s Wanting (2008), I discuss how Charles Dickens and Sir John Franklin are portrayed as sexual and colonial Bluebeard cannibals, a form of representation which provides a revisionist critique of the misogynist, oppressive and racialist undercurrent of Victorian ideology. The second chapter examines the vampiric cannibal and analyses three neo-Victorian adaptations of Bram Stoker’s Dracula (1897) - Tom Holland’s Supping With Panthers (1996), Leslie S. Klinger’s The New Annotated Dracula (2008) and Dacre Stoker and Ian Holt’s Dracula the Un-Dead (2009). In these works, the writers simultaneously cannibalise the original text and its author’s biography, and in so doing challenge Stoker’s authorial power and clear a creative space for themselves. In the third chapter, Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre (1847) is read as an important intertext. The chapter studies the representation of Bertha, a character often portrayed in cannibalistic terms, in Jane Eyre, Jean Rhys’s Wide Sargasso Sea (1966) and three relatively recent neo-Victorian novels - Lin Haire-Sargeant’s H: The Story of Heathcliff’s Journey Back to Wuthering Heights (1992), D.M. Thomas’s Charlotte: The Final Journey of Jane Eyre (2000) and Emma Tennant’s Adele: Jane Eyre’s Hidden Story (2002). I argue that a narrative reorientation away from Bertha in the three later novels, which cannibalise both Jane Eyre and Wide Sargasso Sea, prompts us to reconsider the level of political engagementof the neo-Victorian genre. The fourth chapter centres on the ’academic cannibal’ and discusses the role of scholarly characters in neo-Victorian novels including A.S. Byatt’s Possession (1990), Graham Swift’s Ever After (1992), A.N. Wilson’s A Jealous Ghost (2005), Lloyd Jones’s Mister Pip (2006), Scarlett Thomas’s The End of Mr Y (2006) and Justine Picardie’s Daphne (2008). I argue that the use of scholars in these novels reflects a mutual dependence between the neo-Victorian genre and the academy, a relationship that can be viewed as both cannibalistic and competitive. Finally, the Conclusion speculates on how, under certain circumstances, the Victorian can be seen to cannibalise the contemporary and how the relationship between past and present will continue to evolve in the neo-Victorian genre.
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Rodriguez, Edy Sylvia Valdes. "Egg cannibalism by anchovy in the Southern Benguela Current Region." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17363.
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Samples of adult anchovy and plankton were collected on Sea Fisheries Research Institute R.S. Africana 1984-1985 anchovy spawner biomass estimation cruises. A total of 40 sets of anchovy samples of 30 fish each and 40 plankton samples were taken roughly at the same time within an area of intensive spawning over the Agulhas Bank, using an Engels 308 midwater trawl and a CalVET net respectively. Fish samples were frozen in a deep freeze at 20° C shortly after capture. Plankton samples were stored in formaldehyde solution. Fish were measured (total length), weighed (total and ovary mass) and de-stomached. Weight of the stomach contents were determined and anchovy eggs in the stomach were counted. Anchovy eggs in CalVET net samples were counted and staged. Frequency distributions of densities of eggs in the plankton on the Agulhas Bank and off the West Coast were plotted to compare egg density in the two areas. Approximately 53% of the eggs caught over Agulhas Bank occurred in only 25% of samples, indicating a patchy distribution. A frequency distribution was plotted of abundance of eggs in the stomachs of fish. Egg patchiness caused a skewed frequency distribution of egg abundance in anchovy stomachs. Feeding time was estimated from an examination of the relationship between weight of stomach contents versus time of day, taking into account time for gut evacuation. Based upon a developmental stage/temperature/age key, mortality rates of eggs in the sea were calculated, and it was estimated that 44% of anchovy eggs were lost daily. Taking into account estimated rates of egg mortality, egg production, gastric evacuation rate, number of eggs eaten and feeding time, cannibalism was estimated to account for about 62%-70% of the egg mortality. The rate of cannibalism was shown to be consistent with a density-dependent functional response.
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Schiedler, David R. "Tasting teacher a look at cannibalism in Petronius' Satyricon 141 /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0014394.
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Reed, Douglas James. "Larval competition and cannibalism in the Indian meal mouth, Plodia interpunctella." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366400.
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Richardson, Cristina M. "Factors leading to cannibalism in Lytechinus variegatus (Echinodermata: Echinoidia) in the laboratory." Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2010. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2010m/richardson.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2010.<br>Title from PDF t.p. (viewed July 20, 2010). Additional advisors: Robert U. Fischer, John M. Lawrence, Ken B. Marion. Includes bibliographical references (p. 55-59).
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Berendonck, Bettina. "Reproductive strategies in Latrodectus revivensis (Araneae ; Theridiidae): functional morphology and sexual cannibalism." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=968537154.
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Claessen, David. "Dwarfs and giants the dynamic interplay of size-dependent cannibalism and competition /." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2002. http://dare.uva.nl/document/62389.
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Povolotsky, Tatyana Leonidovna. "Defense against cannibalism the SdpI family of bacterial immunity/signal transduction proteins /." Diss., [La Jolla] : University of California, San Diego, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p1467729.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of California, San Diego, 2009.<br>Title from first page of PDF file (viewed September 15, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Includes bibliographical references (p. 54-57).
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Perez, Morales Tiara G. "Production of and Response to the Cannibalism Peptide SDP in Bacillus subtilis." Diss., University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/4895.
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The Gram positive soil dwelling bacteria Bacillus subtilis produces spores when encountered with a low nutrient environment. However, B. subtilis can delay spore production by a mechanism known as cannibalism. Cannibalism is a process by which B. subtilis delays commitment to sporulation by killing a subpopulation of its cells. This process involves production of two toxins, SDP and SKF. SDP is a 42 amino acid peptide with a disulfide bond derived from the internal cleavage of its precursor protein pro-SdpC. pro-SdpC is part of the sdpABC operon. Production of extracellular SDP induces expression of the sdpRI operon. Encoded in this operon is the negative regulator SdpR and SdpI. SdpI is a dual function protein which acts both as a signal transduction protein and the immunity factor against SDP. The current model states that production of SDP is sensed via SdpI. SdpI will sequester SdpR to the membrane in response and allow for sdpRI expression. The aims of this dissertation are to establish the requirements for SDP production and its response via SdpI/SdpR during cannibalism.
Studies in Chapter II were carried out to determine the factors required for production of the antimicrobial peptide SDP. Site directed mutagenesis of the leader signal peptide sequence in pro-SdpC demonstrated that proper signal peptide cleavage was required for SDP production. Additional site directed mutants of the cysteine residues in pro-SdpC revealed that these are not required for SDP toxic activity. These studies also included deletions within the sdpABC operon and revealed that the two proteins of unknown function, SdpA and SdpB are required for SDP production. Using mass spectrometry analysis, we found that SdpA and SdpB together are required to produce the active 42 amino acid peptide SDP. Taken together we concluded that SDP production was a multi step process which required proteins encoded within the operon and additional processing supplemented in the cell.
In Chapter III we investigated the role of SdpI, specifically what residues were required for the signaling and immunity functions observed. Our initial screen, included site directed mutagenesis of highly conserved residues between the 4th and 5th transmembrane domains of SdpI. These resulted in over 20 SdpI mutants generated. From these, only two SdpI mutants had defects in either signal transduction or SDP immunity. Additional localized mutagenesis was used to isolate two other mutants in SdpI which only affected signal transduction or SDP immunity. SdpI signaling-immunity+ mutants presented a defect in SdpR membrane sequestration and sdpRIinduction. Our findings suggest these types of SdpI mutants may be important for the downstream effect of SdpR membrane sequestration. SdpI signaling+ immunity- mutants revealed defects in SDP protection. Some of the residues mutated were conserved in other SdpI homologs. Site directed mutagenesis of these conserved residues in the SdpI ortholog YfhL showed these are also required for SDP resistance. For the first time, we were able to identify mutations which affected only SDP immunity and gained further insight into how SdpI signaling-immunity+ mutants play a role during signal transduction.
In Chapter IV we initiated studies to define what regions of the negative regulator SdpR are important for its function during cannibalism. We employed localized mutagenesis to identify SdpR mutants which decreased sdpRIexpression even in the presence of inducing signal. We isolated three such SdpR mutants, referred to as super repressors. We expect these SdpR super repressors are unable to be sequestered to the membrane in the presence of SDP.
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Lissåker, Maria. "Paternal care, filial cannibalism and sexual conflict in the sand goby, Pomatoschistus minutus /." Stockholm : Department of Zoology, Stockholm university, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-1399.
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Johnston, Nadine Marie. "The role of cannibalism in the trophic ecology and population dynamics of cephalopods." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.605669.
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In common with most squid fisheries, the Falkland Islands fisheries for <i>Illex argentinus </i>and <i>Loligo gahi </i>are characterised by unpredictable, inter-annual variations in distribution and abundance. In recent years, much research effort has been directed at understanding the influences of physical oceanographic variability, such as sea surface temperature, on the recruitment, distribution and abundance of these species. This study considers the influence of predation and food availability on the recruitment, distribution and abundance of these species. Cannibalism (defined as intraspecific predation) is a feature of cephalopod feeding biology and impacts on natural mortality and population dynamics. The research provides the first comprehensive account of cannibalism in two commercially exploited squid species in the southwest Atlantic. The diets of <i>I.</i><i> argentinus </i>and <i>L. gahi </i>were examined over a wide spatial area and over several years and results showed that this behaviour is related to population density and the availability of food. This study also quantified cannibalism in <i>I.</i><i> argentinus </i>and <i>L. gahi </i>as a major source of natural mortality and has assessed the impact on the population dynamics of these species. This links between food availability at the base of the food chain and the distribution and abundance of <i>I.</i><i> argentinus </i>and <i>L. gahi </i>were examined using satellite-derived chlorophyll-<i>a</i> data imaged by Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS). Results showed that phytoplankton biomass appeared to be related to <i>I.</i><i> argentinus </i>biomass during the period of the fishery. The addition of information on food availability using SeaWiFS technology may improve current forecasting models for <i>I.</i><i> argentinus </i>and <i>L. gahi. </i>Within season estimates of the natural mortality due to cannibalism may be used to make real-time modifications to the target escapement of the <i>I.</i><i> argentinus </i>and <i>L. gahi </i>fishery populations.
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Vallon, Martin [Verfasser], and Katja [Akademischer Betreuer] Heubel. "Filial Cannibalism in a Fish with Paternal Care / Martin Vallon ; Betreuer: Katja Heubel." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1196704090/34.
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Johnson, J. Chadwick. "PRE-COPULATORY SEXUAL CANNIBALISM IN FISHING SPIDERS: THE ECOLOGY OF AN EXTREME SEXUAL CONFLICT." Lexington, Ky. : [University of Kentucky Libraries], 2003. http://lib.uky.edu/ETD/ukybiol2003d00094/chadsphd1.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Kentucky, 2003.<br>Title from document title page (viewed June 1, 2004). Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 146 p. : ill. Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 124-144).
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Yngvesson, Jenny. "Cannibalism in laying hens : characteristics of individual hens and effects of perches during rearing /." Skara : Dept. of Animal Environment and Health, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences ([Institutionen för husdjurens miljö och hälsa], Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2002. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2002/91-576-6360-2.pdf.
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Veprauskas, Amy, and J. M. Cushing. "A juvenile–adult population model: climate change, cannibalism, reproductive synchrony, and strong Allee effects." TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623279.
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We study a discrete time, structured population dynamic model that is motivated by recent field observations concerning certain life history strategies of colonial- nesting gulls, specifically the glaucouswinged gull ( Larus glaucescens). The model focuses on mechanisms hypothesized to play key roles in a population's response to degraded environment resources, namely, increased cannibalism and adjustments in reproductive timing. We explore the dynamic consequences of these mechanics using a juvenile- adult structure model. Mathematically, the model is unusual in that it involves a high co- dimension bifurcation at R0 = 1 which, in turn, leads to a dynamic dichotomy between equilibrium states and synchronized oscillatory states. We give diagnostic criteria that determine which dynamic is stable. We also explore strong Allee effects caused by positive feedback mechanisms in the model and the possible consequence that a cannibalistic population can survive when a non- cannibalistic population cannot.
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Jones, Clifford Louis Wilshire. "Intercohort cannibalism and parturition-associated behaviour of captive-bred swordtail, Xiphophorus helleri (Pisces: Poeciliidae)." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007812.
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Adult fish that belong to the family Poeciliidae cannibalise juveniles, both in the wild and under captive conditions, but this behaviour has only been partly investigated in the Poeciliidae in some of the commercially valuable species. The objective of the research is to develop an understanding of intercohort cannibalism and parturition-associated behaviour in captive-bred swordtail (Xiphophorus helleri), with applications to industry and future research of other poeciliids. Experiments investigating the effect of adult stocking density and sex ratio on the production of juveniles were used to determine if cannibalism occurs under culture conditions. The average rate of intercohort cannibalism ranged from (5.5 to 53.9%), and was positively density dependent and independent of sex ratio, indicating that males and females were probably equally cannibalistic. The highest number of juveniles (1725.7±141.4) produced per tank over 70 days was obtained from two males and eight females. To develop a better understanding of adult and juvenile behaviour during parturition, fish were observed under controlled laboratory conditions using video and behaviours such as attack (burst of speed by an adult in the direction of a juvenile), escape (avoidance of cannibalism after attack) and cannibalism (predation of a live juvenile by an adult), for example, were identified. Under laboratory conditions most young escaped in downward direction after attack (49%) and most utilised the refuge made that was made available. Furthermore, most attacks (62-65%) and cannibalism (57-84%) occurred at the bottom. Since the presence of refuge significantly increased the rate of juvenile survival under culture conditions, it was hypothesised that the rate of cannibalism could be reduced under farming conditions if juveniles were protected when they escaped downwards. This hypothesis was accepted as it was found that refuge at the bottom of the water column or the inclusion of a false-bottom reduced the rate of cannibalism by 49% and 72%, respectively. Similarly, the hypothesise that the rate of cannibalism could be reduced if juveniles where given protection when escaping sideways (32% of juveniles escaped sideways in the laboratory) was also accepted when tested under farm-scale conditions because a false-side reduced the rate of cannibalism by an average of 45%. Since males and females were equally responsible for cannibalising juveniles in the laboratory, it was hypothesised that the rate of cannibalism would decrease proportionately with the removal of males (Le. 20% of the cannibals) from the population; the removal of males under farming conditions resulted in a 19.5% reduction in the rate of cannibalism. Since older juveniles were better able to escape cannibalism than neonates and since adults habituate to stimuli that previously resulted in attack behaviour, it was hypothesised that the rate of cannibalism would remain unaffected by the length of time that juveniles were exposed to adults in the breeding tanks. This hypothesis was also accepted when tested under farm conditions. However, some hypotheses based on laboratory observations were not accepted. For example, a constant low light intensity did not appear to decrease the rate of cannibalism under farm conditions; also, the occurrence of dead and deformed juveniles went unnoticed in the laboratory, and under farm conditions, where adults did not have access to the bottom of the tank, 10% of the harvest consisted of dead and deformed juveniles. It is concluded that technologies, such as bottom-refuge or a false-side, that increase the size of the liveharvest and allow for the removal of potentially less viable offspring are recommended for the commercial production of poeciliids. The overall similarity of X. helleri behaviour between the laboratory experiments and the farm-scale trials suggests that the post-partum behaviour of X. helleri remains consistent under these different conditions; thus, behaviour under one set of conditions may be used to predict behaviour under other conditions. The application and significance of extrapolations to industry and future research of X. helleri and possibly other poeciliids were discussed and the most applicable laboratory observations with the highest extrapolation capacity were proposed. Furthermore, techniques were developed to aid industry and future researchers in making predictions relating to behaviour of X. helleri under different conditions based on laboratory observations. The results were used to develop a model indicating that selection pressures against cannibalism are not likely to exist at the rate of cannibalism observed here since the potential genetic gain through kin survival and inclusive fitness was shown to be greater than any potential genetiC loss experienced by a victim of cannibalism. The model was successfully tested under a range of social conditions. Other possible explanations for cannibalism in poeciliids, such as parental manipulation, nutritional advantages, opportunistic predation and the recovery of energy are discussed. It is suggested that the most likely proximate cause of cannibalism under captive conditions is opportunistic predation. The theory that cannibalism ensures that only viable genes of the victim are expressed, through inclusive fitness, is a possible ultimate cause of cannibalism, which may have been inherited from feral ancestors of captive-bred X. helleri.
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Wilder, Shawn M. "The Roles of Ecological and Phylogenetic Conditions in the Occurrence and Frequency of Sexual Cannibalism in Spiders." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1196455109.
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Mussini, Célimène. "Les restes humains moustériens des Pradelles (Marillac-le-Franc, Charente, France) : étude morphométrique et réflexions sur un aspect comportemental des Néandertaliens." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14369/document.
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Le gisement moustérien des Pradelles (Marillac-le-Franc, Charente, France) a été occupé saisonnièrement par les Néandertaliens en tant que halte de chasse, durant le stade isotopique 4. Il a livré près d’une centaine de restes humains (crâniens, dentaires et des membres) appartenant à au moins sept individus (enfants, adolescents et adultes). Ils présentent des traits morphologiques et des dimensions métriques intégrant la variabilité néandertalienne. Ils nous fournissent ainsi des données supplémentaires quant à la connaissance morphométrique des individus de ce taxon. En outre, certains vestiges présentent à leur surface des modifications anthropiques que l’on retrouve sur les restes de faune du site : impacts de fracturation, stries de découpe et de raclage ... L’étude taphonomique réalisée révèle un transport sélectif des parties du squelette des Néandertaliens sur le gisement ainsi que leur exploitation compatible avec une visée nutritive<br>The Mousterian site of Les Pradelles (Marillac-le-Franc, Charente, France) was occupied seasonally by the Neanderthal as hunting camp, during the isotopic stage 4. About a hundred human remains were unearthed (cranial, dental and limbs fragments) belonging to at least seven individuals (children, teenagers and adults). They present morphological features and metric dimensions integrating the Neanderthal variability. Thus, they provide additional data to our morphometric knowledge of the individuals of this taxon. Furthermore, some of these remains present anthropological modifications on their surface, the same that on the faunal remains from the site: percussion impacts, cutmarks, scraping marks ... The taphonomical study realized reveals a selective transport of the Neandertal skeletal parts to the site and their exploitation compatible with nutritive aim<br>El yacimiento musteriense de Les Pradelles (Marillac-le-Franc, Charente, Francia) ha sido ocupado temporadamente por los Neandertales como alto de caza, durante el estadio isotópico 4. Entregó un centenar restos humanos (craneanos, dentarios y de los miembros) perteneciente a un mínimo de siete individuos (niños, adolescentes y adultos). Presentan rasgos morfológicos y dimensiones métricas que integran la variabilidad de Neandertal. Así nos proporcionan datos suplementarios en cuanto al conocimiento morfometrico de este taxón. Además, un cierto número de estos vestigios presenta en su superficie modificaciones antrópicas que se encuentran en los restos de fauna del sitio: impactos de fracturación, estrías de recorte y de raspado... El estudio tafonómico realizado revela un transporte selectivo de las partes del esqueleto de los Neandertales en el yacimiento así como su explotación compatible con un objetivo nutritivo
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Voisin, Laurent. "Caractérisation des bases moléculaires et cellulaires de l'Entose." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS439.
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Mes travaux de recherche révèlent une nouvelle voie de signalisation qui est impliquée dans l'étape d'internalisation cellulaire. Cette voie de signalisation cellulaire nécessite une libération d'ATP ainsi que l'activation de récepteur purinergique au niveau des cellules cannibales et va aboutir à l'élimination de la cellule internalisée. Nous avons également défini au cours de ces travaux le devenir de la cellule cannibale et préciser au cours d'expérimentations in vivo l'activité oncosuppressive du cannibalisme cellulaire. Nous avons également observé ce processus au niveau de biopsies tumorales obtenues à partir de patients ayant un cancer du sein et ayant reçu un traitement néo-adjuvant et avons révélé que sa détection pouvait prédire l’efficacité d'un traitement néo-adjuvant. L’ensemble de ces résultats révèle les bases moléculaires du cannibalisme cellulaire et précise le rôle du cannibalisme cellulaire lors du développement tumoral<br>My research reveals a new signaling pathway which is involved in the cellular internalization. This signaling pathway requires ATP release and purinergic receptor activation at the level of cannibal cells and will lead to the elimination of internalized cell. We also defined during this work the future of the cannibal cell and specify during experiments in vivo the tumor suppressor activity of cellular cannibalism. We also observed this process in tumor biopsies obtained from patients with breast cancer who received neoadjuvant treatment and have revealed that its detection could predict the efficacy of neoadjuvant treatment. Theses results reveal molecular bases of cellular cannibalism and indicate the role of cellular cannibalism during tumor development
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Lissåker, Maria. "Paternal care, filial cannibalism and sexual conflict in the sand goby, Pomatoschistus minutus." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Zoologiska institutionen, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-1399.
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Natural and sexual selection and sexual conflict are forces shaping the evolution of reproductive behaviour, while constrained by factors like environment, physiology and life-history trade-offs. Parental care is costly both in terms of time and energy. In fish, filial cannibalism is a strategy for caring males to compensate for some of the energy loss. Human impact like eutrophication also alters the basics for animals living in that environment. It is fundamental to any species to adjust its behaviour to a changing environment. Studying sand goby males, I found trade-offs both regarding parental care allocations, like ventilation vs. predator defence, and investment in present vs. future reproductive success. Paternal sand gobies exposed to water with low oxygen levels increased their fanning effort but did not compensate by eating more eggs, even though an increased current parental effort should affect future reproductive success negatively. Investigating if patterns of filial cannibalism change with time of season, I found no correlation. Theory predicts that it should pay more to eat eggs early, when future mating potential is higher than late in the season. However, as early hatching fry are likely to gain higher fitness through larger size the next breeding season, this may provide an opposing selection pressure. In species with male care the only way a female can affect the level of post-spawning care is by choosing a good mate. A female preference to spawn in nests that already contain eggs of other females has been interpreted as a means to avoid filial cannibalism through a dilution effect or to decrease the costs of search time. Yet, in my study females did not avoid filial cannibalism by preferring large clutches to small ones. Oxygenation of the eggs might be a key factor, since both large and small females preferred spawning in nests with small clutches. Thus, as in most animals, trade-offs clearly govern the reproductive behaviour of sand gobies.
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Shand, Gregory D. "A comparative study of cannibalism in six populations of the calanoid copepod, Diaptomus leptopus (Forbes)." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0018/MQ47794.pdf.
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Bunke, Mandy. "A new look at factors influencing intraguild predation and cannibalism between native and invasive species." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/22108/.
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Peery, Christopher A. "Cannibalism Experiments with the Blue Crab (Callinectes sapidus Rathbun): Potential Effects of Size and Abundance." W&M ScholarWorks, 1989. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617603.
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Jarrells, Travis L. "Productive Negativity." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1555945950528429.
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Ross-Gillespie, Andrea. "Modelling cannibalism and inter-species predation for the Cape hake species Merluccius capensis and M. paradoxus." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20519.
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The hake fishery is South Africa's most valuable and harvests two morphologically similar species, the shallow- water Cape hake Merluccius capensis and the deep-water Cape hake M. paradoxus. Since 1948, annual catches have exceeded 50 000 tons and the current total allowable catch (TAC) is about 150 000 tons, a quantity informed by assessments of the hake resource. Current assessments on which management is based use single-stock models that ignore food-web effects. Usually including such interactions in assessments is problematic because of the complexity of food webs. In the case of Cape hake, however, cannibalism and inter-species predation form a very large component of hake mortality and food consumption, thus making a multi-species model not only more feasible but also likely more reliable. A comprehensive multi-species model incorporating these interactions was last investigated in 1995. Since then, substantially more data have become available, and hake single-species assessments have developed considerably, inter alia now including the ability to take careful account of species differentiation. Additionally, with increased computer processing power, more sophisticated modelling can now be attempted than was possible 20 years ago, rendering an update and refinement of the 1995 analyses timeous. The thesis uses mathematical methods to model hake-on-hake predation and cannibalism in hake populations explicitly by incorporating an additional mortality term to account for these interactions. Information from stomach samples obtained on hake research surveys on predator and prey lengths, as well as on the proportion of hake in the diet of hake predators, is then included when fitting the model to data. Chapter 1 contains a brief introduction to the work. Chapter 2 provides background information on the Cape hake fishery and its management, as well as pertinent information on the biology and diet of the hake (and related fish) from the literature that is relevant to the development of the model constructed in this thesis. Chapter 3 lays out the data available for assessing the Cape hake populations: abundance indices together with catch and catch-at-size data for the standard non-predation model, and hake stomach content data for the years 1999-2013 to inform the predation component of multi-species model developed. Chapter 4 provides the details for the standard hake assessment model used at present to inform management of the stocks. This model forms the basis for the multi-species model developed incorporating predation, which is presented in Chapter 5. The remaining Chapters of the thesis present the results and discussions (Chapter 6), possible future development of this model (Chapter 7) and a brief summary of the main findings of the thesis (Chapter 8).
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McKeegan, Dorothy E. F. "An investigation of factors underlying the development of feather pecking and cannibalism in commercial layer pullets." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22474.
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Feather pecking and cannibalism in laying hens continues to be a serious welfare and economic problem in the egg industry, and presents a major obstacle to the adoption of non-cage production systems. This project examined internal and environmental factors involved in the development of feather pecking and cannibalism in one commercial laying strain (ISA Brown), with particular attention to changes associated with sexual maturation at about 16 weeks of age. A detailed study of behavioural and hormonal development in pen-housed pullets under constant environmental conditions revealed age-related changes in the same number, type and targeting of bird-to-bird pecks. Feather pecking, which began in juvenile birds between 5 and 10 weeks of age, was associated (on a per pen basis) with more severe pecking damage after the onset of lay. This resulted from increased vigorous feather pecking/pulling, vent pecking and aggressive pecking. Times spent preening and dustbathing also increased at sexual maturity. Increased pecking damage at the onset of lay coincided with physiological changes, most closely with increased plasma progesterone concentration. Large variability between pens in the extent of pecking damage illustrated the unpredictability of pecking problems. Investigation of the circumstantial link between damaging pecking and hormonal state (through experimental manipulations of the latter) proved to be problematic, and a direct causal link could not be demonstrated. The only evidence supporting such a link was from an experiment where acute administration of the anti-oestrogen tamoxifen resulted in reduced vigorous pecking and pulling (but not gentle pecking) at a novel pecking device (a bunch of string). There was no evidence of a relationship between birds' individual plasma hormone levels at 25 weeks of age and their feather pecking behaviour before or after sexual maturity.
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Raza, Syed Qasim. "Molecular characterization of entosis." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA11T045.
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L’entose est une forme de mort cellulaire non apoptotique caractérisée par l’internalisation d’une cellule cible vivante dans une cellule hôte vivante. Ce processus de cannibalisme cellulaire qui est également connu sous le nom de « cellule dans une cellule » est retrouvé dans de nombreux cancers humains. Au cours de mes travaux de thèse, nous avons développé différents modèles d’entose in vitro et avons débuté l’identification des protéines qui répriment l’entose en combinant un criblage de petits ARN interférants à une approche de microscopie confocale. Nous avons découvert que la protéine suppressive de tumeur TP53 ainsi que son isoforme Δ133TP53 bloquent le processus d’internalisation cellulaire et l’entose. La perte de l’expression de la protéine TP53 ou de Δ133TP53 entraîne une libération extracellulaire d’adénosine triphosphate ainsi que l’activation du récepteur purinergique P2Y2, deux évènements cellulaires qui aboutissent à l’internalisation d’une cellule par une autre cellule. De plus, nous avons constaté que les cellules cannibales deviennent énescentes à la suite de l’induction de la protéine p21WAF1.Mes travaux de recherche révèlent l’existence d’une nouvelle modalité d’induction de la sénescence cellulaire. De façon surprenante, nous avons également observé que l’induction de la sénescence par l’oncogène RasV12ou à la suite de stress (réplicatifouoxydatif) déclenchait le cannibalisme cellulaire, suggérant que le cannibalisme cellulaire est une caractéristique des cellules sénescentes. L’ensemble de mes travaux de recherche souligne le lien étroit qui existe entre le cannibalisme cellulaire et la senescence<br>Entosis is a non-apoptotic cell death process of live internalized cell inside the host/cannibal cell. In human cancers, commonly "cell-in-cell" cytological features have been observed over the period of time. In this study we have established in vitro models of entosis and initiated the identification of entotic repressors by developing fluorescent confocal microscopy screening of small interfering RNA. We identified that TP53 and one of its isoform 133TP53 specifically inhibits the cell internalization. Loss of TP53 or 133TP53 expression increases extracellular ATP release and the consequent activation of purinergic P2Y2 receptors, which signal for engulfment. Cannibal cells activate a senescence program through p21WAF1 induction, revealing a new modality of induction of cellular senescence that can occur in the absence of TP53 or 133TP53. Senescence induced by oncogenic RasV12 and by replicative or oxidative stresses also results in cellular cannibalism, suggesting that cannibalism is a common feature of senescent cells. Altogether, our results provide evidence that cellular cannibalism and senescence are tightly linked
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Nunes, Raquel Maria Fazenda. "Predação por mosca-tigre, Coenosia attenuata Stein (Diptera: Muscidae): estudos etológicos." Master's thesis, ISA/UTL, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/4149.
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Mestrado em Engenharia Agronómica - Instituto Superior de Agronomia<br>Coenosia attenuata is a polyphagous predator of important pests of protected crops. Ethological studies were performed for improving the knowledge on this species. The predatory behaviour (preferential location and number of feeding holes, number of legs used for prey holding and the influence of prey colour in predation), cannibalism and mating were studied in laboratory. The influence of the prey flight direction (and way) was evaluated in greenhouse.
The most frequent location of the holes caused by C. attenuata in Drosophila melanogaster, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Liriomyza huidobrensis, Diglyphus isaea and Bradysia difformis was the occipital area, towards the thorax, in dorsal position, but in Nesidiocoris tenuis was the foreleg insertion. The number of legs used varied with the prey. Drosophila colour did not influence its predation.
The duration of predation process varied between 0.16 minutes (B. difformis) and 43.12 minutes (D. melanogaster).
Adults usually attack prey in flight, but in small cages (10x10x10 cm3) 53.8% of the attacks were performed on steady prey.
Regarding the direction of flight of the prey, horizontal direction and the ascending way were preferred.
Cannibalism happened more often with female against smaller male adults.
The mating of C. attenuata took about 15 minutes.
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Arendonk, Ruth van. "Consumer cannibalism : a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Religious Studies /." ResearchArchive@Victoria e-Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/848.
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Mott, Cy Larue. "Biotic and abiotic influences on aggressive interactions within larval Ambystoma assemblages." OpenSIUC, 2010. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/140.
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Coexistence among ecologically similar species is often facilitated through temporal or spatial partitioning mechanisms that reduce or eliminate direct interaction. However, in many communities exhibiting guild structure, wherein potential competitors may also prey on one another, sympatric relationships persist despite species' similar life history strategies, spatial and temporal restrictions imposed by ephemeral habitats, and resource limitations that promote competition and predation. To identify the ecological roles of species-specific behavioral patterns within aquatic guilds, I quantified larval intraspecific agonistic behavior among two species of intraguild (IG) predators, Ambystoma opacum and A. tigrinum, and their shared intraguild prey, A. maculatum. All species exhibited similar ontogenetic patterns of aggression, characterized by peaks of aggression early in development and subsequent gradual decreases through metamorphosis. However, the intensity of aggression varied considerably among guild species through development, as did behavioral responses to varying levels of ambient water temperature, invertebrate prey density, and presence of predatory odonate naiads. The observed patterns suggest that guild species, despite morphological and physiological similarities, exhibit unique behavioral responses through ontogeny and in response to habitat variables, suggesting that temporally staggered breeding phenologies have contributed to behavioral divergence among these sympatric congeners. However, in situ observations of larval behavior, although largely in agreement with laboratory results on timing of increased aggression, indicated that IG predators exhibited pond-level species partitioning and do not necessarily co-occur despite being regarded as sympatric. These results, taken together with observed species-specific impacts of IG predators on IG prey, suggest that ecologically similar IG predators exert widely differing predatory pressure on shared prey, and that similarities among guild species may ultimately result in habitat partitioning across local scales.
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Pienaar, Anthony Graham. "A study of coeval sibling cannibalism in larval and juvenile fishes and its control under culture conditions." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005469.
Full textAbstract:
The primary objective of this study was to examine environmental parameters thought to affect cannibalism in certain fish species. It was found that environmental, behavioural, genetic and physiological factors all affect cannibalism in the species exhibiting the phenomenon. The diversity of factors nfluencing cannibalism served to illustrate the complexity of this behaviour pattern. Feeding to satiation was found to suppress cannibalism in catfish, trout and koi carp. High population densities were found to increase the rate of cannibalism, thereby acting as a population regulation mechanism for catfish, trout and the common and koi carps. Live food, as compared with dry pelletized feed was found to significantly suppress cannibalistic aggression. Catfish grown in total darkness, provided with refuges and living in turbid conditions were found to exhibit lowered cannibalistic and territorial aggression. Various lines of evidence suggested that cannibalism has a genetic basis, as was shown by the differences in cannibalistic behaviour of the two strains of Cyprinus carpio, viz. common and koi carp, with cannibalism being higher in the latter. This finding substantiates the hypothesis that cannibalism is genetically controlled and therefore open to evolutionary change. It is concluded that cannibalism is adaptive in times of food limitation, but that it is merely a by-product of normal feeding behaviour when food is abundant. Since cannibalism is advantageous and thus adaptive, the question arises ai to whether selection is occurring at the individual or the population level (or both). It was concluded that it is acting at the individual level, and that any benefits accruing at the population level iv were simply the effect of the initial cause, viz. individual selection. One of the aims of this study was to determine whether cannibalistic tendencies in fish are influenced by differing life history style trajectories. Based on the results of this study it is hypothesized that cannibalism is an r-selected trait. wi th the understanding gained from the knowl edge of the fundamental principles governing cannibalism, certain recommendations for its control in fish culture could be made. It is, however, imperative that further intensive studies be carried out to understand more fully this complex subject. General "rules" for regulating cannibalism could be helpful for any given cannibalistic species. However, in considering the differing life-history styles of each species, it becomes evident that species-specific guidelines need to be worked out. Until then, any suggestions for cannibalistic control offered to the aquaculturist can only serve as unrefined tools.
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Koch, Erich. "Effects of cannibalism, maternal age and varying fish selectivity in age structured models of deep water hake populations." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12252.
Full textAbstract:
Includes abstract.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 55-61).<br>An Age Structured Model (ASM) was develop in which dynamic and density-dependent cannibalism was included as a top-down control on a modeled population of M. paradoxus which used spawner biomass and maternal based recruitment. The ASM was used to evaluate the effects cannibalism had on age structure, recruitment and spawner biomass of the modeled population. The development of the model was described and evaluated with special emphasis on incorporating cannibalism and maternal based recruitment.
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Evans, Janelle Gay. "How did nineteenth-century gothic sensibilities of cannibalism, as sensationalized by Mrs Eliza Fraser in the popular press, create an Australian identity against which the Aboriginal ‘Other’ is pictured?" Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/15433.
Full textAbstract:
The historical archive dealing with the shipwreck of the Stirling Castle, and the subsequent experiences of its survivors, is a site that has been contested and re-contested by a multiplicity of readings since its inception. The myths that were generated by the accounts of Mrs Eliza Fraser’s shipwreck on what came to be known as Fraser Island helped to create a stereotype of the Aboriginal ‘other’ as ‘savage cannibals’. Cannibal discourse is located within a particular genre of colonial fantasy that differentiates the colonial citizen from savagery and violence. Europeans suspected cannibalism wherever they went, and this was fuelled by missionary tales of horror and pagan excess of the savage places beyond the borders of civilisation. The paranoid ethos associated with cannibalism finds its expression in the dark fantasies of gothic novels of the late Romantic period. This thesis and its accompanying studio work demonstrates that the nineteenth-century narratives surrounding the shipwreck and subsequent ‘capture’ of Eliza Fraser off the coast of Queensland were constructed using the literary conventions of the gothic novel. Employing a polylogic epistolary style in the manner of Mary Shelley’s 1818 novel Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus, the studio work seeks to re-position Eliza Fraser within the horror of her ordeal and provides a re-interpretation of events.