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Journal articles on the topic 'Canopy structure'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Vanderbilt, V. C. "Measuring plant canopy structure." Remote Sensing of Environment 18, no. 3 (1985): 281–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0034-4257(85)90063-x.

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2

Daughtry, Craig S. T. "Direct measurements of canopy structure." Remote Sensing Reviews 5, no. 1 (1990): 45–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02757259009532121.

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3

Chen, Zhe, Xu Dong Li, Shao Guang Shi, Hong Zhi Jiang, and Hui Jie Zhao. "Structured-Light Based Rapid 3D Measurement of Plant Canopy Structure." Applied Mechanics and Materials 701-702 (December 2014): 549–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.701-702.549.

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Density three dimensional plant canopy structure data has numerous applications in agriculture, but many existing 3D data collection approaches are time-consuming. In this paper, we present a measurement system based on structured-light for plant canopy structure data collection. The structured-light projector projects laser beam reflected by dual-oscillating mirror, arrives to the plant canopy, which is captured by a camera. We propose a new scanning mode, that is, during one exposure time of CCD camera, one mirror keeps moving in high frequency and small angle, while the other one maintains

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4

RE, Ubaekwe, Chima UD, Ekwugha EU, Okeke AN, and Onyekwere CM. "Effects of canopy structure on the diversity and structure of tree species in omo biosphere reserve, Ogun state, Nigeria." Journal of Agriculture, Food and Environment 05, no. 03 (2024): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.47440/jafe.2024.5309.

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This study assessed the effects of canopy structure on tree species diversity and forest structure in OmoBiosphere Reserve. Landsat imagery was used; supervised maximum likelihood classification was used to classify the reserve into two canopy structures (closed and open canopies). Random sampling technique was used to delineate 10 sample plots of 30m x 30m in each canopy type. Tree species with a diameter at breast height (Dbh) ≥10cm were enumerated in each sample plot. Shannon Weiner and Simpson’s indices were used to assess the tree diversity, while diameter and height stratification were u

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5

Kane, Van R., Rolf F. Gersonde, James A. Lutz, Robert J. McGaughey, Jonathan D. Bakker, and Jerry F. Franklin. "Patch dynamics and the development of structural and spatial heterogeneity in Pacific Northwest forests." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 41, no. 12 (2011): 2276–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x11-128.

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Over time, chronic small-scale disturbances within forests should create distinct stand structures and spatial patterns. We tested this hypothesis by measuring the structure and spatial arrangement of gaps and canopy patches. We used airborne LiDAR data from 100 sites (cumulative 11.2 km2) in the Pacific Northwest, USA, across a 643 year chronosequence to measure canopy structure, patch and gap diversity, and scales of variance. We used airborne LiDAR’s ability to identify strata in canopy surface height to distinguish patch spatial structures as homogeneous canopy structure, matrix–patch stru

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6

Gutiérrez, Álvaro G., Roberto O. Chávez, and Ignacio Díaz-Hormazábal. "Canopy Gap Structure as an Indicator of Intact, Old-Growth Temperate Rainforests in the Valdivian Ecoregion." Forests 12, no. 9 (2021): 1183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12091183.

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Forest degradation continues to increase globally, threatening biodiversity and the survival of species. In this context, identifying intact, old-growth forest stands is both urgent and vital to ensure their existence and multiple contributions to society. Despite the global ecological importance of the Valdivian temperate rainforests, they are threatened by forest degradation resulting from constant and intense human use in the region. Identification of remnant intact forests in this region is urgent to global forest protection efforts. In this paper, we analyzed whether forests-canopy altera

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7

Lim, Kevin, Paul Treitz, Michael Wulder, Benoît St-Onge, and Martin Flood. "LiDAR remote sensing of forest structure." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 27, no. 1 (2003): 88–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0309133303pp360ra.

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Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) technology provides horizontal and vertical information at high spatial resolutions and vertical accuracies. Forest attributes such as canopy height can be directly retrieved from LiDAR data. Direct retrieval of canopy height provides opportunities to model above-ground biomass and canopy volume. Access to the vertical nature of forest ecosystems also offers new opportunities for enhanced forest monitoring, management and planning.

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8

Wang, Jizhang, Yun Zhang, and Rongrong Gu. "Research Status and Prospects on Plant Canopy Structure Measurement Using Visual Sensors Based on Three-Dimensional Reconstruction." Agriculture 10, no. 10 (2020): 462. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10100462.

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Three-dimensional (3D) plant canopy structure analysis is an important part of plant phenotype studies. To promote the development of plant canopy structure measurement based on 3D reconstruction, we reviewed the latest research progress achieved using visual sensors to measure the 3D plant canopy structure from four aspects, including the principles of 3D plant measurement technologies, the corresponding instruments and specifications of different visual sensors, the methods of plant canopy structure extraction based on 3D reconstruction, and the conclusion and promise of plant canopy measure

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9

Gu, Xuan, and Eiji Goto. "Computational Fluid Dynamics Model with Realistic Plant Structures to Study Airflow in and around a Plant Canopy on a Cultivation Shelf in a Plant Factory with Artificial Light." Agriculture 14, no. 7 (2024): 1199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14071199.

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Airflow plays a crucial role in plant growth because it supplies CO2, O2, and energy to plants in a plant factory with artificial light (PFAL). Therefore, understanding how various factors affect airflow in and around a plant canopy is essential. In this study, we developed a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model with realistic plant structures created using structure-from-motion imaging to investigate airflow in and around a plant canopy. The averages of the absolute percentage errors of simulated air velocity in three conditions were 6.7%, 10.1%, 12.7%, respectively. The simulated and mea

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10

Song, Bo, Jiquan Chen, Paul V. Desander, David D. Reed, Gay A. Bradshaw, and Jerry F. Franklin. "Modeling canopy structure and heterogeneity across scales: From crowns to canopy." Forest Ecology and Management 96, no. 3 (1997): 217–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-1127(97)00021-2.

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11

Barradas, Victor L., Hamlyn G. Jones, and Jerry A. Clark. "Sunfleck dynamics and canopy structure in a Phaseolus vulgaris L. canopy." International Journal of Biometeorology 42, no. 1 (1998): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004840050081.

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12

Ouyang, Jingyun, Roberta De Bei, Sigfredo Fuentes, and Cassandra Collins. "UAV and ground-based imagery analysis detects canopy structure changes after canopy management applications." OENO One 54, no. 4 (2020): 1093–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2020.54.4.3647.

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Aim: To analyse unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based imagery to assess canopy structural changes after the application of different canopy management practices in the vineyard.Methods and results: Four different canopy management practices: i–ii) leaf removal within the bunch zone (eastern side/both eastern and western sides), iii) bunch thinning and iv) shoot trimming were applied to grapevines at veraison, in a commercial Cabernet-Sauvignon vineyard in McLaren Vale, South Australia. UAV-based imagery captures were taken: i) before the canopy treatments, ii) after the treatments and iii) at ha

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13

Naka, Luciano Nicolás. "Structure and Organization of Canopy Bird Assemblages in Central Amazonia." Auk 121, no. 1 (2004): 88–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/121.1.88.

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AbstractI analyzed the species composition, structure, and trophic organization of bird assemblages in the forest canopy around Manaus, Brazil. Using three canopy towers located in primary terra firme forests, I conducted 117 censuses over a 13 month period, recording 160 bird species. The three study sites had similar species richness (between 126 and 128 species), sharing 95 species in common, which accounted for >90% of all individual records. Most species recorded in the canopy (110) belonged to the core canopy avifauna. The other 50 species included migrants (13), species that feed ove

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14

Chagot, Loïc, Frédéric Moulin, Olivier Eiff, and Pierre Elyakime. "Turbulent structure inside and above shallow to deep canopies." E3S Web of Conferences 40 (2018): 05059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184005059.

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Multi-plane PIV measurements were performed in an open-channel flume filled with elongated prisms of height k and width l to investigate the effect of the deepening of the canopy on the flow structure. Velocity measurements were performed both inside the canopy and above it. Analysis of the spatial convergence for the double-averaged quantities shows that for canopy flow investigations (z < k), at least 5 measurement planes are required to obtain a relative spatial convergence error below 3% for the dispersive shear stress, the quantity the most sensible to spatial sampling. With only three

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15

Fahey, Robert T., Jeff W. Atkins, John L. Campbell, et al. "Effects of an experimental ice storm on forest canopy structure." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 50, no. 2 (2020): 136–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2019-0276.

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Intermediate disturbances are an important component of many forest disturbance regimes, with effects on canopy structure and related functions that are highly dependent on the nature and intensity of the perturbation. Ice storms are an important disturbance mechanism in temperate forests that often result in moderate-severity, diffuse canopy damage. However, it has not previously been possible to distinguish the specific effect of ice storm intensity (as ice accretion) from predisturbance stand characteristics and physiographic factors. In this study, we utilized a novel experimental ice stor

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16

Wijaya, Muhammad Sufwandika, Muhammad Kamal, Prima Widayani, and Sanjiwana Arjasakusuma. "Classification of Mangrove Vegetation Structure using Airborne LIDAR in Ratai Bay, Lampung Province, Indonesia." Geoplanning: Journal of Geomatics and Planning 10, no. 2 (2023): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/geoplanning.10.2.123-134.

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Mapping and inventory of the distribution and composition of mangrove vegetation structures are crucial in managing mangrove ecosystems. The availability of airborne LiDAR remote sensing technology provides capability of mapping vegetation structures in three dimensions. It provides an alternative data source for mapping and inventory of the distribution of mangrove ecosystems. This study aims to test the ability of airborne LiDAR data to classify mangrove vegetation structures conducted in Ratai Bay, Pesawaran District, Lampung Province. The classification system applied integrates structure

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17

Song, Bo, Jiquan Chen, and Janet Silbernagel. "Three-Dimensional Canopy Structure of an Old-Growth Douglas-Fir Forest." Forest Science 50, no. 3 (2004): 376–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/50.3.376.

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Abstract In this study, the structurally heterogeneous canopy of a 12-ha plot in an old-growth Douglas-fir forest was analyzed using three-dimensional (3-D) canopy modeling, geographic information system (GIS), and spatial statistics. Using this approach, we were able to depict how species composition and spatial distribution affect the 3-D structure of canopies. We were also able to slice the canopy and calculate the canopy coverage at various heights, and therefore were able to calculate the cumulative canopy volume at individual crown bases. Information generated by GIS allowed us to calcul

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18

Maurer, K. D., G. Bohrer, and V. Y. Ivanov. "Large eddy simulations of surface roughness parameter sensitivity to canopy-structure characteristics." Biogeosciences Discussions 11, no. 11 (2014): 16349–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-11-16349-2014.

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Abstract. Surface roughness parameters are at the core of every model representation of the coupling and interactions between land-surface and atmosphere, and are used in every model of surface fluxes. However, most models assume these parameters to be a fixed property of plant functional type and do not vary them in response to spatial or temporal changes to canopy structure. In part, this is due to the difficulty of reducing the complexity of canopy structure and its spatiotemporal dynamic and heterogeneity to less than a handful of parameters describing its effects of atmosphere–surface int

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19

Maurer, K. D., G. Bohrer, W. T. Kenny, and V. Y. Ivanov. "Large-eddy simulations of surface roughness parameter sensitivity to canopy-structure characteristics." Biogeosciences 12, no. 8 (2015): 2533–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-2533-2015.

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Abstract. Surface roughness parameters, namely the roughness length and displacement height, are an integral input used to model surface fluxes. However, most models assume these parameters to be a fixed property of plant functional type and disregard the governing structural heterogeneity and dynamics. In this study, we use large-eddy simulations to explore, in silico, the effects of canopy-structure characteristics on surface roughness parameters. We performed a virtual experiment to test the sensitivity of resolved surface roughness to four axes of canopy structure: (1) leaf area index, (2)

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20

Valverde, Teresa, and Jonathan Silvertown. "CANOPY CLOSURE RATE AND FOREST STRUCTURE." Ecology 78, no. 5 (1997): 1555–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(1997)078[1555:ccrafs]2.0.co;2.

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21

Lang, A. Richard G. "An instrument for measuring canopy structure." Remote Sensing Reviews 5, no. 1 (1990): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02757259009532122.

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22

FINNIGAN, JOHN J., ROGER H. SHAW, and EDWARD G. PATTON. "Turbulence structure above a vegetation canopy." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 637 (October 7, 2009): 387–424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112009990589.

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We compare the turbulence statistics of the canopy/roughness sublayer (RSL) and the inertial sublayer (ISL) above. In the RSL the turbulence is more coherent and more efficient at transporting momentum and scalars and in most ways resembles a turbulent mixing layer rather than a boundary layer. To understand these differences we analyse a large-eddy simulation of the flow above and within a vegetation canopy. The three-dimensional velocity and scalar structure of a characteristic eddy is educed by compositing, using local maxima of static pressure at the canopy top as a trigger. The characteri

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23

Rice, Steven K., Claudia Gutman, and Nicholas Krouglicof. "Laser scanning reveals bryophyte canopy structure." New Phytologist 166, no. 2 (2005): 695–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01327.x.

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24

Gratani, L., G. de Marco, and M. F. Crescente. "Forest Canopy Structure and Light Interaction." Giornale botanico italiano 130, no. 1 (1996): 510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11263509609439727.

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25

Nadkarni, Nalini M., and Mark M. Sumera. "Old-Growth Forest Canopy Structure and Its Relationship to Throughfall Interception." Forest Science 50, no. 3 (2004): 290–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/50.3.290.

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Abstract Structural elements of the forest canopy such as foliage, branches, and epiphytes intercept, retain, and regulate inputs of matter and energy to the forest floor in spatially variable ways. Most studies of forest structure-function have analyzed relationships between canopy structure and the spatial distribution of inputs at the forest stand level. Few studies have focused on within-canopy spatial scales or identified the functional roles of particular structural components. Our objective was to quantitatively assess the amount of canopy structural material to a critical functional at

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26

Wedeux, B. M. M., and D. A. Coomes. "Landscape-scale changes in forest canopy structure across a partially logged tropical peat swamp." Biogeosciences 12, no. 22 (2015): 6707–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6707-2015.

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Abstract. Forest canopy structure is strongly influenced by environmental factors and disturbance, and in turn influences key ecosystem processes including productivity, evapotranspiration and habitat availability. In tropical forests increasingly modified by human activities, the interplay between environmental factors and disturbance legacies on forest canopy structure across landscapes is practically unexplored. We used airborne laser scanning (ALS) data to measure the canopy of old-growth and selectively logged peat swamp forest across a peat dome in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, and quan

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27

Wedeux, B. M. M., and D. A. Coomes. "Landscape-scale changes in forest canopy structure across a partially logged tropical peat swamp." Biogeosciences Discussions 12, no. 13 (2015): 10985–1018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-10985-2015.

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Abstract. Forest canopy structure is strongly influenced by environmental factors and disturbance, and in turn influences key ecosystem processes including productivity, evapotranspiration and habitat availability. In tropical forests increasingly modified by human activities, the interplaying effects of environmental factors and disturbance legacies on forest canopy structure across landscapes are practically unexplored. We used high-fidelity airborne laser scanning (ALS) data to measure the canopy of old-growth and selectively logged peat swamp forest across a peat dome in Central Kalimantan

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28

Clark, David B., Steven F. Oberbauer, Deborah A. Clark, Michael G. Ryan, and Ralph O. Dubayah. "Physical structure and biological composition of canopies in tropical secondary and old-growth forests." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (2021): e0256571. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256571.

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The area of tropical secondary forests is increasing rapidly, but data on the physical and biological structure of the canopies of these forests are limited. To obtain such data and to measure the ontogeny of canopy structure during tropical rainforest succession, we studied patch-scale (5 m2) canopy structure in three areas of 18–36 year-old secondary forest in Costa Rica, and compared the results to data from old-growth forest at the same site. All stands were sampled with a stratified random design with complete harvest from ground level to the top of the canopy from a modular portable towe

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29

Ogaya, Romà, and Josep Peñuelas. "Wood vs. Canopy Allocation of Aboveground Net Primary Productivity in a Mediterranean Forest during 21 Years of Experimental Rainfall Exclusion." Forests 11, no. 10 (2020): 1094. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11101094.

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A Mediterranean holm oak forest was subjected to experimental partial rainfall exclusion during 21 consecutive years to study the effects of the expected decrease in water availability for Mediterranean vegetation in the coming decades. Allocation in woody structures and total aboveground allocation were correlated with annual rainfall, whereas canopy allocation and the ratio of wood/canopy allocation were not dependent on rainfall. Fruit productivity was also correlated with annual rainfall, but only in Quercus ilex. In the studied site, there were two types of forest structure: high canopy s

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30

Dial, Roman J., Nalini M. Nadkarni, and Charles D. Jewell. "Canopy Structure in a 650-Year Douglas-Fir Chronosequence in Western Washington: Distribution of Canopy Elements and Open Space." Forest Science 57, no. 4 (2011): 309–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/57.4.309.

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Abstract Using within-canopy, side-viewing light detection and ranging (LiDAR), we measured canopy structure in a Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) chronosequence. We present foliage profiles, canopy composition, and a new metric quantifying the vertical distribution of open space, supporting and extending results from other structural studies. Foliage distribution shifted from vertically uniform in the youngest stand (50 years), to a canopy surface peak in mature forests (100–160 years old), to a near-ground maximum in old-growth (650 years). Leaf area index in old-growth and mature forests

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31

Kuester, Theres, and Daniel Spengler. "Structural and Spectral Analysis of Cereal Canopy Reflectance and Reflectance Anisotropy." Remote Sensing 10, no. 11 (2018): 1767. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10111767.

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The monitoring of agricultural areas is one of the most important topics for remote sensing data analysis, especially to assist food security in the future. To improve the quality and quantify uncertainties, it is of high relevance to understand the spectral reflectivity regarding the structural and spectral properties of the canopy. The importance of understanding the influence of plant and canopy structure is well established, but, due to the difficulty of acquiring reflectance data from numerous differently structured canopies, there is still a need to study the structural and spectral depe

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32

Maimaitijiang, Maitiniyazi, Vasit Sagan, Paheding Sidike, Ahmad M. Daloye, Hasanjan Erkbol, and Felix B. Fritschi. "Crop Monitoring Using Satellite/UAV Data Fusion and Machine Learning." Remote Sensing 12, no. 9 (2020): 1357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12091357.

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Non-destructive crop monitoring over large areas with high efficiency is of great significance in precision agriculture and plant phenotyping, as well as decision making with regards to grain policy and food security. The goal of this research was to assess the potential of combining canopy spectral information with canopy structure features for crop monitoring using satellite/unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) data fusion and machine learning. Worldview-2/3 satellite data were tasked synchronized with high-resolution RGB image collection using an inexpensive unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) at a hete

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33

Jin, Peng, Ming Xu, Qiupu Yang, and Jian Zhang. "The influence of stand composition and season on canopy structure and understory light environment in different subtropical montane Pinus massoniana forests." PeerJ 12 (March 15, 2024): e17067. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17067.

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Canopy structure and understory light have important effects on forest productivity and the growth and distribution of the understory. However, the effects of stand composition and season on canopy structure and understory light environment (ULE) in the subtropical mountain Pinus massoniana forest system are poorly understood. In this study, the natural secondary P. massoniana—Castanopsis eyrei mixed forest (MF) and P. massoniana plantation forest (PF) were investigated. The study utilized Gap Light Analyzer 2.0 software to process photographs, extracting two key canopy parameters, canopy open

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34

Ozturk, Nazmiye. "A workshop on the design of canopy structures." New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no. 1 (2016): 478–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/prosoc.v2i1.333.

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This paper is related to a workshop implemented in Anadolu University, Faculty of Architecture and Design. The â€œCanopy Structure Design Workshopâ€ lasts 4 weeks. The mentioned workshop was done with a group of 70 2nd year undergraduate students. 14 teams of 5 were made out of these students. They were asked to develop their projects with models. At the end of the process, the students made 14 canopy structures of wood with a 1:1 scale. Some of these are called Flexible Structure, Armadillo and Tensegrity. This study comprises the photographs and evaluations of the designs obtained at the en

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35

Crome, F. H. J., and G. C. Richards. "Bats and Gaps: Microchiropteran Community Structure in a Queensland Rain Forest." Ecology 69, no. 6 (1988): 1960–69. https://doi.org/10.2307/1941173.

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We examined how a community of insectivorous bats in upland rain forest differentially used closed canopy areas and artificial gaps produced by selective logging. Bat foraging activity was monitored at paired canopy and gap sites using ultrasonic detection equipment. The data supported the prediction that gap use was related to morphology and bat species were classifiable as closed canopy specialists, gap specialists, and gap incorporators. Closed canopy specialists were species with low aspect ratio and wing loading, whereas gap specialists had high values for these two measures. Gap incorpor

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Bac, Bui Van, and Bui The Doi. "THE INFLUENCE OF FOREST CANOPY COVER ON FRUIT-FEEDING BUTTERFLY COMMUNITIES IN THE HUU LIEN SPECIAL-USE FOREST, LANG SON PROVINCE." Journal of Forestry Science and Technology, no. 15 (2023): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.55250/jo.vnuf.2023.15.060-068.

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The alteration of tropical forest structures due to human activities can have negative impacts on various organism communities. The purpose of this study was to investigate how forest canopy cover affects the species composition and community structure of fruit-feeding butterflies in the karst ecosystems of the Huu Lien special-use forest, Lang Son Province. Three forest fragments with high (>80%), medium (50-80%), and low (<50%) levels of canopy cover were examined. We collected fruit-feeding butterflies using Van Someren-Rydon traps, with 30 traps deployed evenly across the three fragm

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37

Adams, Jennifer, Philip Lewis, and Mathias Disney. "Decoupling Canopy Structure and Leaf Biochemistry: Testing the Utility of Directional Area Scattering Factor (DASF)." Remote Sensing 10, no. 12 (2018): 1911. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10121911.

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Biochemical properties retrieved from remote sensing data are crucial sources of information for many applications. However, leaf and canopy scattering processes must be accounted for to reliably estimate information on canopy biochemistry, carbon-cycle processes and energy exchange. A coupled leaf-canopy model based on spectral invariants theory has been proposed, that uses the so-called Directional Area Scattering Factor (DASF) to correct hyperspectral remote sensing data for canopy structural effects. In this study, the reliability of DASF to decouple canopy structure and biochemistry was e

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38

Olvera-Vargas, Miguel, Blanca L. Figueroa-Rangel, and Christiam Solís Robles. "Floristic composition, structure and environmental characterization of Cyathea costaricensis population in a remnant cloud forest in Mexico." Revista de Biología Tropical 69, no. 3 (2021): 1079–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v69i3.47359.

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Introduction: Tree ferns are significant components of temperate, tropical and subtropical forests, contributing to shape complex forest stand structures. Objectives: 1) to describe the population structure of Cyathea costaricensis in a remnant cloud forest of West-central Mexico; 2) to characterize and relate the floristic composition and the structure of the most important tree species associated to the C. costaricensis population and; 3) to describe the environment where C. costaricensis occurs. Methods: We estimated the Importance Value Index (IVI) to select the most important canopy-domin

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39

Huang, Zhi-Cheng, Wen-Yang Hsu, and Jay Yang. "OBSERVATIONS OF CANOPY FLOW STRUCTURE AND FRICTIONAL VELOCITY OF CORAL COLONIES IN DONGSHA ATOLL." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36 (December 30, 2018): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.currents.15.

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Understanding the hydrodynamics is important for biological, ecological, and biogeochemical processes in coral reef systems. The near-bed flow motion affects the benthic organism distributions, morphological evolution, larvae settlement, and nutrient uptake. The near-bed flow structures have been characterized as planar boundary-layer flows when the bottom roughness scale created by benthic organisms is much smaller than the water depth. On the other hand, when the bottom roughness scale becomes much larger, the resistance drag forces caused by these canopy elements should be considered (Rosma

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40

Bartha, Dénes, Péter Ódor, Tibor Horváth, et al. "Relationship of Tree Stand Heterogeneity and Forest Naturalness." Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica 2, no. 1 (2006): 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.37045/aslh-2006-0001.

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The aim of our study was to investigate if compositional (tree species richness) and structural (vertical structure, age-structure, patterns of canopy closure) heterogeneity of the canopy layer is related to individual naturalness criteria and to overall forest naturalness at the stand scale. The naturalness values of the assessed criteria (tree species composition, tree stand structure, species composition and structure of shrub layer and forest floor vegetation, dead wood, effects of game, site characteristics) showed similar behaviour when groups of stands with different heterogeneity were

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Ji, Yongjie, Jimao Huang, Yilin Ju, Shipeng Guo, and Cairong Yue. "Forest structure dependency analysis of L-band SAR backscatter." PeerJ 8 (September 30, 2020): e10055. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10055.

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Forest structure plays an important role in forest biomass inversion using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) backscatter. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensors with long-wavelength have the potentiality to provide reliable and timely forest biomass inversion for their ability of deep penetration into the forest. L-band SAR backscatter shows useful for forest above-ground biomass (AGB) estimation. However, the way that forest structure mediating the biomass-backscatter affects the improvement of the related biomass estimation accuracy. In this paper, we have investigated L-band SAR backscatter se

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Moeser, C. David, Graham Sexstone, and Jake Kurzweil. "Modeling Forest Snow Using Relative Canopy Structure Metrics." Water 16, no. 10 (2024): 1398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w16101398.

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Snow and watershed models typically do not account for forest structure and shading; therefore, they display substantial uncertainty when attempting to account for forest change or when comparing hydrological response between forests with varying characteristics. This study collected snow water equivalent (SWE) measurements in a snow-dominated forest in Colorado, the United States, with variable canopy structure. The SWE measurements were integrated with 1 m Lidar derived canopy structure metrics and incoming solar radiation to create empirical SWE offset equations for four canopy structure gr

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Russell, Micah, Jan U. H. Eitel, Timothy E. Link, and Carlos A. Silva. "Important Airborne Lidar Metrics of Canopy Structure for Estimating Snow Interception." Remote Sensing 13, no. 20 (2021): 4188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13204188.

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Forest canopies exert significant controls over the spatial distribution of snow cover. Canopy snow interception efficiency is controlled by intrinsic processes (e.g., canopy structure), extrinsic processes (e.g., meteorological conditions), and the interaction of intrinsic-extrinsic factors (i.e., air temperature and branch stiffness). In hydrological models, intrinsic processes governing snow interception are typically represented by two-dimensional metrics like the leaf area index (LAI). To improve snow interception estimates and their scalability, new approaches are needed for better chara

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Tanioka, Yosuke, Hideyuki Ida, and Mitsuru Hirota. "Relationship between Canopy Structure and Community Structure of the Understory Trees in a Beech Forest in Japan." Forests 13, no. 4 (2022): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13040494.

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Understory trees occupy a spatially heterogeneous light environment owing to light interception by patchily distributed canopy leaves. We examined the spatial distribution of canopy leaves and the spatial structure of the understory tree community (height < 5 m) and their relationships in a beech forest in Nagano, Japan. We measured the canopy leaf area index (LAI) at 10 m intervals (n = 81) in a permanent research plot (1 ha). We established a circular subplot centered on each LAI measurement point, and determined the species composition and the aboveground net primary production of wood (

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Gao, Qiong, and Mei Yu. "Elevation Regimes Modulated the Responses of Canopy Structure of Coastal Mangrove Forests to Hurricane Damage." Remote Sensing 14, no. 6 (2022): 1497. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14061497.

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Mangrove forests have unique ecosystem functions and services, yet the coastal mangroves in tropics are often disturbed by tropical cyclones. Hurricane Maria swept Puerto Rico and nearby Caribbean islands in September 2017 and caused tremendous damage to the coastal mangrove systems. Understanding the vulnerability and resistance of mangrove forests to disturbances is pivotal for future restoration and conservation. In this study, we used LiDAR point clouds to derive the canopy height of five major mangrove forests, including true mangroves and mangrove associates, along the coast of Puerto Ri

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Olioso, Albert, Maurice Méthy, and Bernard Lacaze. "Simulation of canopy fluorescence as a function of canopy structure and leaf fluorescence." Remote Sensing of Environment 41, no. 2-3 (1992): 239–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0034-4257(92)90081-t.

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Brygadyrenko, Viktor V. "Effect of canopy density on litter invertebrate community structure in pine forests." Ekológia (Bratislava) 35, no. 1 (2016): 90–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eko-2016-0007.

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Abstract We investigated the structure of the litter invertebrate community in 141 pine (Pinus sylvestris Linnaeus, 1753) forest sites with five variants of canopy density (30-44, 45-59, 60-74, 75-89 and 90-100%) in the steppe zone of Ukraine. The total number of litter macrofauna specimens collected at each site decreased from an average of 84/100 trap-days in the sparsest stands (30-40% density) to 4-39 specimens/100 trap-days in the forests with a denser canopy. The number of macrofauna species caught in the pitfall traps does not vary significantly with different degrees of canopy density.

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Tang, Hao, and Ralph Dubayah. "Light-driven growth in Amazon evergreen forests explained by seasonal variations of vertical canopy structure." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 10 (2017): 2640–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1616943114.

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Light-regime variability is an important limiting factor constraining tree growth in tropical forests. However, there is considerable debate about whether radiation-induced green-up during the dry season is real, or an apparent artifact of the remote-sensing techniques used to infer seasonal changes in canopy leaf area. Direct and widespread observations of vertical canopy structures that drive radiation regimes have been largely absent. Here we analyze seasonal dynamic patterns between the canopy and understory layers in Amazon evergreen forests using observations of vertical canopy structure

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Lertzman, Kenneth P., and Charles J. Krebs. "Gap-phase structure of a subalpine old-growth forest." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 21, no. 12 (1991): 1730–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x91-239.

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We examined four stands in a subalpine old-growth forest in the Coast Mountains of southwestern British Columbia for gap-phase structure. Though the stands varied in the proportions of each species, all had a similar distribution of area under closed canopy and in gaps (overall means: 29% closed canopy, 52% expanded gap, 18% canopy gap). Median areas of canopy gaps and expanded gaps were 41 and 203 m2, respectively. Most gaps (90%) had more than one gap maker, and gap makers within a gap were often from mortality events separated in time. Half of all gap makers died standing, and only 13% were

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Dzwierzynska, Jolanta. "Integrated Parametric Shaping of Curvilinear Steel Bar Structures of Canopy Roofs." Buildings 9, no. 3 (2019): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings9030072.

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Shaping building objects is conditioned by many interrelated factors, both architectural and structural. Modern tools for shaping structures working in the environment of Rhinoceros 3D such as Grasshopper and Karamba 3D enable algorithmic-aided shaping structures, while allowing the free flow of information between the geometric model and structural model. The aim of the research is to use these tools to test the curvilinear steel bar roofs’ structures shaped based on Catalan surfaces as well as to select the most efficient structure. Three types of roof structures were analyzed: cylindroid sh

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