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1

Buchmann, W. "Cantharis." Zeitschrift für Klassische Homöopathie 22, no. 02 (2007): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-937849.

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2

FANTI, FABRIZIO, and MAXIMILIAN G. PANKOWSKI. "Two new species of Cantharis Linnaeus, 1758 from Baltic amber." Zootaxa 4878, no. 3 (2020): 401–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4878.3.1.

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Two new species of soldier beetles (Coleoptera, Cantharidae) from the Priabonian deposits in Yantarny, Russia (Baltic amber) are described. Cantharis crisantha sp. nov. is characterized by its relatively small body size, laterally rounded prothorax, and simple claws with a small basal tooth. Of particular interest, this specimen has its aedeagus extruded—a feature described for the first time in a representative of the genus Cantharis found in amber, and something rarely seen in all known fossil species of the Cantharidae family. The second described species, Cantharis raeorum sp. nov., is characterized by a pronotum with straight sides and a transverse and concave part near the posterior margin. The species are compared with earlier reported fossil Cantharis.
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3

FANTI, FABRIZIO, and LINDSAY J. WALKER. "Fossil soldier beetles (Coleoptera: Cantharidae) of the Georg Statz Collection from the Oligocene Rott Formation, Germany." Palaeoentomology 2, no. 5 (2019): 491–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/palaeoentomology.2.5.13.

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Specimens of the family Cantharidae Imhoff, 1856 from the Georg Statz Collection (latest Oligocene, Rott Formation, Germany) are studied. Six specimens are relatively complete for species-level determinations, including one with a partial aedeagus visible, a first for soldier beetles preserved as compressions. The new species herein described include: Cantharis (Cantharis) bradburyi sp. nov., C. (C.) lidiae sp. nov., C. (C.) rottensis sp. nov., Podistra (Absidia) quies sp. nov., Rhagonycha (Rhagonycha) carolynae sp. nov. and R. (R.) ultramundana sp. nov.. Notably, these genera are still found in Germany and the present report thus provides support for earlier occurrences of Cantharis, Podistra, and Rhagonycha from the Eocene Baltic amber.
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4

Sarkar, Tandra, Atheni Konar, Nirmal Chandra Sukul, and Nirmal Chandra Sukul. "Cantharis 200c counters heat stress in germinating seeds of Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp." International Journal of High Dilution Research - ISSN 1982-6206 17, no. 3-4 (2021): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.51910/ijhdr.v17i3-4.909.

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Background
 Thermal stress during early imbibitional phase of germination causes disruption of redox-homeostasis by increasing accumulation of ROS Reactive Oxygen species (assessed in terms of hydrogen peroxide) and significant reduction of antioxidative defense (assessed in terms of catalase and peroxidase) in germinating tissues of cowpea (Vigna ungiculata). It also induces oxidative damage to newly assembled membrane system by aggravating membrane lipid peroxidation [measured in terms of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)]. Cantharis is a homeopathic remedy used for treating burn injuries in humans. The objective is to see whether potentized Cantharis could ameliorate heat stress in germinating seeds of cowpea.
 
 Methodology
 Seeds, imbibed in water overnight, were divided into four groups (n=50/group): Control I (Water 200c), Control II (Ethanol 200c), treated with Cantharis 200c and untreated and unstressed. Water soaked seeds were dipped in control/drug solution for 5 min and then washed. Control II and Cantharis 200c were diluted with water 1:1000 to minimize the ethanol effect. Except the fourth group, all other groups were subjected to heat stress (450C for 8 hours). All the groups were allowed to germinate for 5 days in germination chamber at 25 ± 20C. Groups 1 and 2 (Control I and II) served as systematic negative controls throughout the experiment. Ten independent replications were performed for each group in parallel. All experiments were randomized and blinded. 
 
 
 Results
 The systematic negative controls (I, II) did not produce any significant effect. The results in terms of germination, growth, soluble sugar, protein, accumulation of reactive oxygen species and loss of membrane permeability clearly exhibit that Cantharis 200c could mitigate heat stress significantly (p
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5

FANTI, FABRIZIO, and FRANCESCO VITALI. "Updated checklist of the Cantharidae, Lampyridae, and Lycidae of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (Coleoptera: Elateroidea)." Zootaxa 5047, no. 1 (2021): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5047.1.3.

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Here we present a checklist of the families Cantharidae, Lampyridae, and Lycidae of Luxembourg. The earlier references are summarized and new information on the some species is reported. Furthermore, Cantharis (s. str.) paludosa Fallén, 1807, Cantharis (s. str.) terminata Faldermann, 1835, Erotides cosnardi (Chevrolat, 1831), and Lopheros rubens (Gyllenhal, 1817) are cited for the first time for Luxembourg based on specimens preserved in the National Museum of Natural History or on a photo reported on the iNaturalist platform.
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6

FANTI, FABRIZIO, and MARKUS POSCHMANN. "First soldier beetles (Coleoptera Cantharidae) from the Late Oligocene Enspel Fossil-Lagerstätte (SW Germany)." Palaeoentomology 2, no. 4 (2019): 363–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/palaeoentomology.2.4.10.

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The rich late Oligocene fossil deposit of Enspel (Westerwald, Germany) provided two new species of soldier beetles (Cantharidae), namely Cantharis doernerorum sp. nov. and Cantharis zabolica sp. nov. Furthermore, C. doernerorum sp. nov. appears to have preserved traces of the original coloration, a character not found until now in soldier beetles preserved as compression fossils in rocks, and C. zabolica sp. nov. shows a metathoracic wing with veins. The new species are compared to those of the adjacent and almost contemporaneous Rott Lagerstätte (late Oligocene) and other fossiliferous deposits.
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7

Fanti, Fabrizio. "Catalogo critico delle Cantharidae d’Italia (Insecta, Coleoptera)." Memorie della Società Entomologica Italiana 91, no. 1-2 (2014): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/memoriesei.2014.61.

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Questo articolo, di carattere essenzialmente compilativo ma arricchito da numerosi dati inediti, prende in considerazione la corologia delle specie italiane della Famiglia Cantharidae e riflette il punto di vista personale dell’autore relativamente a numerose indicazioni dubbie presenti in letteratura. La forma proposta è quella di un Catalogo delle specie italiane di Cantharidae con l’indicazione esplicita di tutte le regioni nelle quali ogni specie è nota. I taxa che attualmente compongono la famiglia, conosciuti per l’italia, sono 219 (215 specie e 4 sottospecie), ai quali bisogna aggiungere le 12 specie che sono state ritenute dubbie, o dal punto di vista della validità tassonomica, oppure perché la loro presenza in italia resta da confermare (citazioni molto vecchie e/o dubbie). Molte specie sono citate per la prima volta (o confermate nei casi dubbi) di varie regioni italiane: <em>Cantharis decipiens</em> (Umbria), <em>Cantharis falzonii</em> (Campania), <em>Cantharis flavilabris</em> (Umbria), <em>Cantharis</em> <em>fusca</em> (Friuli Venezia Giulia, Umbria, conferma per il Veneto), <em>Cantharis montana</em> (Val d’aosta, Piemonte), <em>Cantharis</em> <em>pallida</em> (Umbria),<em> Cantharis terminata</em> (Val d’aosta, Lombardia, Veneto), <em>Metacantharis clypeata</em> (Friuli Venezia Giulia), <em>Podistra</em> <em>rufotestacea</em> (Friuli Venezia Giulia, toscana), <em>Rhagonycha gallica</em> (Lombardia, Friuli Venezia Giulia), <em>Rhagonycha lignosa</em> (Umbria), <em>Rhagonycha lutea</em> (Veneto), <em>Rhagonycha nigriceps</em> (Molise), <em>Malthinus bilineatus</em> (Lombardia), <em>Malthinus deceptor</em> (Umbria), <em>Malthinus devillei</em> (toscana, Umbria, Lazio), <em>Malthinus facialis</em> (Lombardia, Veneto), <em>Malthinus fasciatus</em> (Emilia Romagna: nuovo per San Marino), <em>Malthinus glabellus</em> (Umbria), <em>Malthinus neapolitanus </em>(Toscana, Umbria),<em> Malthinus pseudobiguttatus</em> (conferma per Piemonte, Liguria e Basilicata), <em>Malthinus reflexus</em> (Piemonte, toscana, Umbria), <em>Malthinus seriepunctatus</em> (Umbria, Basilicata), <em>Malthinus sordidus sordidus</em> (Val d’aosta, Lombardia, Umbria), <em>Malthodes brevicornis</em> (Umbria, Lazio), <em>Malthodes facetus</em> (Umbria), <em>Malthodes flavoguttatus</em> (Val d’aosta), <em>Malthodes latialis</em> (toscana), <em>Malthodes lobatus</em> (Umbria), <em>Malthodes parthenias</em> (Umbria), <em>Malthodes pinnatus</em> (Calabria), <em>Malthodes siculus</em> (Umbria), <em>Malthodes solarii</em> (toscana), <em>Malthodes spectabilis</em> (Umbria), <em>Malthodes umbrosus</em> (Umbria). Vengono infine discusse brevemente le specie da escludere dalla fauna italiana.
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8

Reyes, Andrés F., and Roberto Ramirez Marmolejo. "Nuevas alternativas para el tratamiento de infección urinaria no complicada, presentación de 2 casos clínicos." Revista Colombiana de Nefrología 5, no. 1 (2017): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22265/acnef.5.2.275.

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La actual perspectiva en el manejo de enfermedades infecciosas es un reto para el clínico, en la medida en que se desarrollan nuevos antibióticos, las bacterias mejoran su sistema de resistencia. Por esto, este estudio presenta una alternativa al tratamiento de infección urinaria con CANTHARIS 9 CH, medicamento de uso homeopático que tiene estudios en humanos como profiláctico urinario. Se presentan dos casos de pacientes que aceptan voluntariamente recibir este nuevo protocolo. En ambos casos se muestra una confirmación microbiológica de la infección, con resistencia a quinolonas, entre otros, y negativización post tratamiento con el medicamento CANTHARIS 9 CH. No se reportaron efectos secundarios en esta muestra.
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9

Steury, Brent W. "Cantharis sheraldi Steury (Coleoptera: Cantharidae: Cantharini), a New Species of Soldier Beetle from Virginia, USA." Coleopterists Bulletin 74, no. 3 (2020): 601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-74.3.601.

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10

Zinke, Joachim. "Cantharis (Ein Bericht über eine unbeabsichtigte Arzneiprüfung)." Allgemeine Homöopathische Zeitung 203, no. 03 (2007): 126–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-934881.

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11

Leaman, A. M., and D. Gorman. "Cantharis in the early treatment of minor burns." Emergency Medicine Journal 6, no. 4 (1989): 259–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/emj.6.4.259.

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12

Yu, Man, and Yue Zhao. "Cantharis by photosynthetic bacteria biotransformation: Reduced toxicity and improved antitumor efficacy." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 186 (June 2016): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2016.03.058.

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13

Durvaux, Christophe, Pascal Laurent, Désiré Daloze, et al. "A new diterpene enone from the soldier beetle Cantharis livida (Coleoptera: Cantharidae)." Arkivoc 2007, no. 10 (2006): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3998/ark.5550190.0008.a02.

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14

Chittaro, Yannick, Andreas Sanchez, and Michael Geiser. "An updated checklist of the Cantharidae and Lycidae of Switzerland (Coleoptera, Elateroidea)." Alpine Entomology 5 (September 1, 2021): 77–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/alpento.5.67808.

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An updated checklist of the Swiss species belonging to the families Cantharidae and Lycidae, is presented and briefly discussed. This checklist includes 106 species and is based on over 26’000 occurrences obtained from the identification of specimens held in museum and private collections, as well as from records taken from the literature. Cantharis liburnica Depoli, 1912, C. paradoxa Hicker, 1960, Malthinus rubricollis Baudi di Selve, 1859 and Malthodes umbrosus Kiesenwetter, 1871 are recorded from Switzerland for the first time. Two species previously recorded from Switzerland (Malthodes montanus Kiesenwetter, 1863, M. boicus Kiesenwetter, 1863) are excluded from this list, as those records were based on misidentified material.
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15

Xi, Hua-Cong, Shu-Juan Ge, Zi-Xuan Kang, Hao-Yu Liu, and Yu-Xia Yang. "The complete mitochondrial genome sequence and phylogenetic analysis of Cantharis plagiata (Coleoptera, Canthridae)." Mitochondrial DNA Part B 5, no. 3 (2020): 2386–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2020.1775515.

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16

de Paula Coelho, Cidéli, Priscilla Dias Motta, Mariana Petrillo, et al. "Homeopathic medicine Cantharis modulates uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC)-induced cystitis in susceptible mice." Cytokine 92 (April 2017): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cyto.2017.01.014.

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17

Traugott, Michael. "Habitat use and activity patterns of larval and adult Cantharis beetles in arable land." European Journal of Soil Biology 42, no. 2 (2006): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejsobi.2005.10.001.

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18

BEKİRCAN, Çağrı, Onur TOSUN, and Hilal BAKİ. "Survey of entomopathogenic organisms of the Cantharis livida Linnaeus, 1758 (Coleoptera: Cantharidae) in Turkey." Biological Diversity and Conservation 13, no. 3 (2020): 187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.46309/biodicon.2020.736577.

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19

Traugott, Michael. "The prey spectrum of larval and adult Cantharis species in arable land: An electrophoretic approach." Pedobiologia 47, no. 2 (2003): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1078/0031-4056-00179.

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20

ŠVIHLA, VLADIMÍR. "New taxa of the subfamily Cantharinae (Coleoptera: Cantharidae) from south-eastern Asia, with notes on other species III." Zootaxa 2895, no. 1 (2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2895.1.1.

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New taxa of the subfamily Cantharinae are described and illustrated: Taocantharis gen. nov. (type species: Islamocantharis businskae Wittmer, 1997), Themus (Telephorops) kubani sp. nov. (N Laos), T. (Tel.) micheli sp. nov. (N Laos), Lycocerus murzini sp. nov. (China: Sichuan), L. unguiformis sp. nov. (China: Sichuan), L. nigrosericeus sp. nov. (N Thailand), L. sipekorum sp. nov. (India: Arunachal Pradesh), L. dilatatus sp. nov. (China: Guizhou), L. pacholatkoi sp. nov. (C Laos), L. costipennis sp. nov. (S Vietnam), L. vita sp. nov. (N Laos), L. wolfgangi sp. nov. (China: Sichuan), L. putzi sp. nov. (China: Sichuan), L. rubroniger sp. nov. (N Laos), L. marginalis sp. nov. (China: Yunnan), L. nakladali sp. nov. (China: Yunnan), L. krausi sp. nov. (N Laos), L. verticalis sp. nov. (N Myanmar), Stenothemus prothemoides sp. nov. (China: Yunnan), S. hajeki sp. nov. (China: Yunnan), S. dinshuiensis sp. nov. (China: Sichuan), S. distortus sp. nov. (N Laos), S. kubani sp. nov. (China: Yunnan), S. yanmenensis sp. nov. (China: Yunnan), S. tamil sp. nov. (India: Tamil Nadu), S. honza sp. nov. (India: Mahārāshtra), Prothemus kubani sp. nov. (China: Yunnan) and P. blankae sp. nov. (China: Yunnan). Taiwanocantharis Wittmer, 1984 stat. nov. is raised to generic rank (from subgenus of Cantharis Linnaeus, 1758). New combinations are proposed: Taiwanocantharis drahuska (Švihla, 2004) comb. nov. (from Cordicantharis Švihla, 1999), T. chumbiensis (Champion, 1926) comb. nov., T. dedicata (Švihla, 2005) comb. nov., T. inthanonensis (Wittmer, 1997) comb. nov., T. kambaitiensis (Wittmer, 1989) comb. nov., T. malaisei (Wittmer, 1989) comb. nov., T. metallipennis (Wittmer, 1997) comb. nov., T. pallidithorax (Wittmer, 1984) comb. nov., T. quinquenotatithorax (Pic, 1914) comb. nov., T. seinghukuensis (Wittmer, 1989) comb. nov., T. satoi (Wittmer, 1997) comb. nov., T. shergaoensis (Wittmer, 1989) comb. nov., T. thibetana (Gorham, 1889) comb. nov., T. thibetanomima (Wittmer, 1997) comb. nov., T. tripunctata (Wittmer, 1984) comb. nov. (all from Cantharis) and Taocantharis businskae (Wittmer, 1997) comb. nov. (from Islamocantharis Wittmer & Magis, 1987). Key for species similar to Lycocerus nigrolineatus Pic, 1914 is provided and new data and/or illustrations are given for Lycocerus svatopluki Švihla, 2004, L. nigrolineatus Pic, 1914, Stenothemus jindrai Švihla, 2004, S. bourgeoisi Wittmer, 1974, S. quadratithorax (Pic, 1917), Prothemus opacipennis (Pic, 1906) and P. svihlai Wittmer, 1987.
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21

Coelho, Cideli de Paula, Vania Maria Carvalho, Renata de Oliveira Iovine, et al. "Modulation of experimental cystitis induced by uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) JJ079 by homeopathic and isopathic remedies." International Journal of High Dilution Research - ISSN 1982-6206 14, no. 2 (2021): 31–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.51910/ijhdr.v14i2.791.

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Introduction: Escherichia coli (E. coli) is one of the most common agent involved in digestive and urinary tract infections (UTI). 
 Aims: The objective of this study was to explore whether homeopathic/isotherapic preparations could interfere with pathophysiological aspects of murine cystitis induced by E. coli in an experimental model.
 Materials and Methods: Balb/c female mice underwent urethral inoculation of E. coli (UPEC) JJ079 (urosepsis prototype) in a concentration of 7.5x1011 CFU/ml. The animals were divided into four groups: control group; group treated with hydro-alcoholic solution; group treated with biotherapic pure strain of E. coli and group treated with Cantharis 6cH. The drugs were prepared according to the Brazilian Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia and were administered orally, with free access to drinking water for two days after infection. After euthanasia, bladder and kidney were weighed and collected for histopathology and immunohistochemistry analysis. The following markers were used: CD3 (T lymphocytes), CD79 (B lymphocytes), MIF, NK (Natural killer), VEGF-e (inflammatory mediators). Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA followed by the Fisher’s Test, p≤0.05 being significant.
 Results: ANOVA test revealed no significance in relation to the mean and standard deviation values. Fisher Test was used to analyze proportions differences. Cantharis 6cH and E. coli 30cH treatment significantly increased B lymphocytes in relation to T lymphocytes, NK cells and macrophages in bladder mucosae (p≤0.05). In renal pelvis, the medicines caused significant reduction of B lymphocytes in relation to T Lymphocytes and macrophages. VEGF-e cells reduction was seen in the pelvis in relation to phagocytes (p≤0.05). 
 Discussion and conclusion: B lymphocytes are able to differentiate into plasma cells, for the production of immunoglobulins. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) are the group of antibodies produced in the immune response. Its function is to protect the mucous membranes, which form a protective barrier (bladder, for example). Since mucous membranes represent the main route of pathogens access to the body the protection provided by IgA is of paramount importance. Therefore, this study suggests that the studied drugs could interfere in the migration of B lymphocytes from pelvis to the bladder, so as to produce IgA. VEGF-e could stimulate the recruitment of inflammatory cells.
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22

Yang, Yuxia, Shujuan Ge, Xingke Yang, and Haoyu Liu. "Review of the species of Stenothemus from Southeast China (Coleoptera, Cantharidae)." European Journal of Taxonomy 744 (April 12, 2021): 119–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.744.1307.

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The species of Stenothemus Bourgeois, 1907 from Southeast China are reviewed. Stenothemus fukienensis Wittmer, 1974 and S. kuatunensis Wittmer, 1979 are supplementarily described. Two new species are described, S. longicornis Y. Yang & H. Liu sp. nov. (China: Guangdong) and S. flavus Y. Yang & X. Yang sp. nov. (China: Zhejiang). Five new combinations are established: S. biimpressiceps (Pic, 1930) comb. nov. (from Cantharis L.), S. chinensis (Wittmer, 1982) comb. nov., S. limbatipennis (Pic, 1926) stat. rev. et comb. nov., S. nigriceps (Wittmer, 1955) comb. nov. and S. pallicolor (Wittmer, 1951) comb. nov. (from Lycocerus Gorham). Leiothorax atrosanguineus Švihla, 2005 syn. nov. is synonymized with S. chinensis, Lycocerus limatus Kazantsev, 2007 syn. nov. with S. limbatipennis. The above species are illustrated with habitus photos, aedeagi, abdominal sternites VIII and internal genitalia of female. A key for the identification of the above species is provided.
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23

Kurmann, Carmen, Esther Imbach, Felix Amsler, Susanne Pannek-Rademacher, and Jürgen Pannek. "In Vitro Effects of Homeopathic Drugs on Cultured Escherichia coli." Homeopathy 107, no. 02 (2018): 150–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1637729.

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Background Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common morbidities in persons with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD). Repetitive antibiotic treatment increases the risk of selecting multi-resistant bacteria. Homeopathic treatment has been reported to be effective in these patients. The mechanism of action, however, has not been clarified. Recently, a direct bactericidal effect of homeopathic remedies was shown. Such an effect is not in accordance with the general principles of homeopathy. To test this paradigm, we assessed the in vitro effects of homeopathic drugs on Escherichia coli derived from patients with NLUTD. Methods E. coli bacteria were harvested from 28 consecutive urine cultures. Standard antibiotic resistance testing and simultaneous resistance testing to homeopathic drugs (Apis mellifica, Cantharis, Causticum hahnemanni, Staphysagria, Nux vomica, Berberis vulgaris, and Lycopodium clavatum) in high (C30) potency were performed. Results No significant inhibitory effect of any of the tested homeopathic drugs on any E. coli population could be found, irrespective of their sensitivity to antibiotic treatment. Conclusion Based on our results, effects of homeopathic treatment of UTI are not based on direct bactericidal or bacteriostatic effects. These findings are in concordance with the hypothesis that homeopathy is based on host effects: for example, activation of the immune system, rather than effects on pathogens.
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Jerinic-Prodanovic, Dusanka, Ljiljana Protic, and Ljubodrag Mihajlovic. "Predators and parasitoids of Cacopsylla pyri (L.) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) in Serbia." Pesticidi i fitomedicina 25, no. 1 (2010): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pif1001029j.

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The presence of C. pyri and its natural enemies was studied in both treated and untreated pear orchards in Serbia from 2005 to 2009. Five parasitoid and 21 predator species were identified as present on a considerable number of sites. The following parasitoid species were found: Prionomitus mitratus (Dalman), Psyllaephagus procerus Marcet, Syrphophagus ariantes (Walker), Syrphophagus taeniatus (F?rster) and Tamarixia sp. In the study, the species Psyllaephagus procerus, Syrphophagus ariantes and Tamarixia sp. were for the first time identified as parasitoids of C. pyri and as new species in the Serbian fauna. Among the parasitoids determined, Prionomitus mitratus predominated. Of the predators, the following species in four orders were registered: Dermaptera [Forficula auricularia Linnaeus (Forficulidae)], Heteroptera [Anthocoris nemoralis (Fabricius), Anthocoris nemorum (Linnaeus), Orius (Heterorius) minutus (Linnaeus), Orius (Heterorius) niger Wolff (Anthocoridae), Campylomma verbasci (Mayer-D?r), Deraeocoris (Deraeocoris) ruber (Linnaeus) and Deraeocoris (Knightocarsus) lutescens (Schilling) (Miridae)], Neuroptera [Chrysopa pallens Rambur, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens), Chrysopa sp. (Chrysopidae)], and Coleoptera [Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus, Adalia bipunctata Linnaeus, Adalia decempunctata (Linnaeus), Hippodamia tredecimpunctata (Linnaeus), Hippodamia variegata (Goeze), Propylea quatuordecimpunctata (Linnaeus), Calvia (Anisocalvia) quatuordecimguttata (Linnaeus) (Coccinellidae), Cantharis rustica Fall?n, Rhagonycha fulva (Scopoli) and Rh. testacea (Linnaeus) (Cantharidae)]. Of the predators determined, 12 species were registered for the first time as predators of C. pyri in Serbia, while C. rustica, Rhagonycha fulva and Rh. testacea have so far been known neither in Serbia nor in the world as predators of pear suckers.
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Su, Chin-Chuan, Shing-Hwa Liu, Kuan-I. Lee, et al. "Cantharidin Induces Apoptosis Through the Calcium/PKC-Regulated Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathway in Human Bladder Cancer Cells." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 43, no. 03 (2015): 581–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x15500366.

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Bladder cancer is a common malignancy worldwide. However, there is still no effective therapy for bladder cancer. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxic effects of cantharidin [a natural toxin produced (pure compound) from Chinese blister beetles (Mylabrisphalerata or Mylabriscichorii) and Spanish flies (Cantharis vesicatoria)] in human bladder cancer cell lines (including: T24 and RT4 cells). Treatment of human bladder cancer cells with cantharidin significantly decreased cell viability. The increase in the expressions of caspase-3 activity and cleaved form of caspase-9/-7/-3 were also increased in cantharidin-treated T24 cells. Furthermore, cantharidin increased the levels of phospho-eIF2α and Grp78 and decreased the protein expression of procaspase-12, which was accompanied by the increase in calpain activity in T24 cells. Cantharidin was capable of increasing the intracellular Ca 2+ and the phosphorylation of protein kinase C (PKC) in T24 cells. The addition of BAPTA/AM (a Ca 2+ chelator) and RO320432 (a selective cell-permeable PKC inhibitor) effectively reversed the increase in caspase-3 and calpain activity, the phosphorylation levels of PKC and eIF2α and Grp78 protein expression, and the decrease in procaspase-12 expression induced by cantharidin. Importantly, cantharidin significantly decreased the tumor volume (a dramatic 71% reduction after 21 days of treatment) in nude mice xenografted with T24 cells. Taken together, these results indicate cantharidin induced human bladder cancer cell apoptosis through a calcium/PKC-regulated ER stress pathway. These findings suggest that cantharidin may be a novel and potential anticancer agent targeting on bladder cancer cells.
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Brunner, Martin, Heino Staβ, Jan-Georg Möller, et al. "Target Site Concentrations of Ciprofloxacin after Single Intravenous and Oral Doses." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 46, no. 12 (2002): 3724–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.46.12.3724-3730.2002.

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ABSTRACT To characterize the potential of ciprofloxacin penetration into human soft tissues following intravenous (i.v.) and oral (p.o.) administration, we measured the free ciprofloxacin concentrations in interstitial space fluid of skeletal muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue by microdialysis. In addition, ciprofloxacin concentrations were measured in cantharis-induced skin blisters, saliva, and capillary plasma and were compared to the total concentrations in venous plasma. Furthermore, a pharmacodynamic in vitro model was used to simulate in vivo pharmacokinetics in bacterial culture. Eight healthy volunteers received ciprofloxacin in an open randomized crossover fashion either as a single i.v. infusion of 400 mg over 60 min or as a single p.o. dose of 500 mg. For both tissues the mean areas under the concentration-time curves (AUCs) for interstitial space fluid (AUCinterstitial fluids) were significantly lower than the corresponding AUCplasmas, with AUCinterstitial fluid/AUCplasma ratios ranging from 0.38 to 0.68. For skeletal muscle, the AUCinterstitial fluid was significantly higher after administration of 400 mg i.v. than after administration of 500 mg p.o., with a ratio of the AUC after p.o. administration/AUC after i.v. administration of 0.64. The ratio of the concentration in skeletal muscle/concentration in plasma increased over the entire observation period, implying that ciprofloxacin concentrations were not at steady state. The ratio of the concentration in skin blister fluid/concentration in plasma reached values above 4, indicating a preferential penetration of ciprofloxacin into inflamed lesions. The concentrations in saliva and capillary blood were similar to the corresponding total levels in plasma. In vitro both in vivo ciprofloxacin concentration-time profiles were equally effective against select bacterial strains. In conclusion, single-dose administration of two bioequivalent dosage forms of ciprofloxacin might lead to differences in target site pharmacokinetics. These differences, however, are not related to a difference in target site pharmacodynamics.
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Miki, Watanabe. "“The Border of Japan” for Chinese Arrivals in Nagasaki, Satsuma, and Ryukyu." Itinerario 37, no. 3 (2013): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115313000788.

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When entering a foreign country, one usually fills out an immigration form asking for a set of personal details such as one's name, nationality, date of departure, destination, and the purpose of one's visit. In addition, one needs to answer several questions, for example, whether he has any banned substances or objects like drugs or weapons, whether he have a criminal record, and so on. Furthermore, one has to waive any rights to appeal an immigration officer's decision and finally declare and sign that all answers are true and correct.While many assume that this familiar system is specific to the modern age, historical documents show us that this supposition is not valid. In fact, we can find a similar system in the early modern Ryukyu Kingdom, though little attention has been paid to it. To demonstrate this system, I will begin introducing a document left by a shipwrecked Chinese captain coming to Ryukyu in the late eighteenth century:The captain Li Zhenchun states that: We received a permit for sailing from the government of Min prefecture in Fujian on December 24, 1770, loaded wood under the Nantai bridge on May 13 in the next year, sailed from Min'anzhen for Shandong on May 24, and arrived on June 24. Though we left for Fujian on December 2, after purchasing beans, on the next day, a storm broke our mast and halyards, which made it impossible for us to navigate and caused our ship to drift into Yaeyama Island in your country on the 22nd. Now we are living on board here. There is no Christian missionary, arsenic, Epicanta gorhami [, which is a terribly virulent insect including cantharis], or any other poison with us. None of us are disguised as Chinese people clothed in Chinese clothes. Also we have no weapons. If you find any violation as such, we should be tried by the national laws. There is no lie in this report.
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Sarkar, Tandra, Atheni Konar, Nirmal Chandra Sukul, et al. "Free water molecules and hydrogen bonding form the basis of variation in homeopathic potencies as revealed by vibrational spectroscopy." International Journal of High Dilution Research - ISSN 1982-6206 14, no. 4 (2021): 08–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.51910/ijhdr.v14i4.766.

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Objective: Using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) we have demonstrated that homeopathic potencies of Natrum mur, Cantharis, Nux vomica and Sulphur show differences with respect to the number of free water molecules and strength of hydrogen bonding. The purpose of the present study is to confirm this phenomenon in three potencies of two more drugs Calcarea carb and Silicea. 
 Design: The potencies used for each of the two drugs were 30cH, 200cH and 1000cH. The control was 90% ethanol as also the potentized drugs. The control, as well as the potencies, were diluted with distilled water to reduce the level of ethanol to 0.03 molar fraction in each of them. FTIR spectra of all the potentized drugs, control and sterile distilled water (reference water) were taken in the wave number region of 4000-2800 cm-1. The full width at half maximum (fwhm) of OH band was measured for each spectrum. The width was divided into two in the middle. The difference spectrum (absorbance of drug solution - absorbance of reference water) for each potency and the control was obtained after normalization of the spectrum at 3410 cm-1. One difference spectrum so obtained for a potency was subtracted from another to find out if there is a difference between two different potencies.
 Results: The half width half maximum (hwhm) in both the high and low-frequency sides of the OH band is far less narrow in potencies than in the control as compared to that in water. The difference spectra for different potencies show different levels of fall in intensity at the wave number region of dip at 3630 cm-1. The level of dip at 3630 cm-1 and subsequent rise in intensity in the lower frequency region represent the quantity of free water molecules and strong alcoholic OH bond around 3250 cm-1, respectively. The results of subtraction between two different potencies are not zero but have marked positive or negative values. 
 Conclusion
 (i) Potencies have stronger intermolecular interactions and a higher number of chemical environments than the control, as revealed by the data on hwhm. 
 (ii) The three potencies of each of the two drugs show distinct variation in the number of free water molecules and strength of hydrogen bonding. 
 (iii) There exists both inter-drug and inter-potency variation as revealed by the difference spectra and results of subtraction between two difference spectra.
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29

Pinder, Adrian C., Randolph Velterop, Steven J. Cooke, and J. Robert Britton. "Consequences of catch-and-release angling for black bream Spondyliosoma cantharus, during the parental care period: implications for management." ICES Journal of Marine Science 74, no. 1 (2016): 254–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsw151.

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Black sea bream Spondyliosoma cantharus is highly valued for its sporting and eating qualities. Due to its inshore spawning aggregations and male nest guarding behaviors, it is considered vulnerable to over-exploitation via recreational angling. Accordingly, greater uptake of the practice of catch-and-release (C&R) may provide some potential to limit the effects of angling on populations. Thus, the consequences of C&R for 40 S. cantharus (mean length 306 ± 10 mm) were assessed. Fish were sampled following their capture from charter boats by recreational anglers with varying levels of skill and experience. Of these fish, 17% were deeply hooked (e.g. in esophagus) and considered at high risk of post-release mortality (PRM). Blood lactate levels ranged between 0.40 and 2.60 mmol l − 1 (mean ± SE: 1.25 ± 0.09) and were significantly and positively correlated with fight time. Reflex impairments were observed in 32% of the catch, also suggesting an elevated probability of PRM. Hook damage was the only significant predictor of reflex impairment. The dominance of males (89%) across the catches highlighted the potential for additional indirect impacts of angling via the predation of eggs by conspecifics in the vacated nests of captured males. These results are discussed within the context of post-release performance of individual S. cantharus, the potential for C&R to limit impact at the population level and a need to consider future regulation of the fishery to ensure sustainability of stocks.
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van den Hoek, Annewies, and John J. Herrmann. "Paulinus of Nola, Courtyards, and Canthari." Harvard Theological Review 93, no. 3 (2000): 173–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017816000025293.

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Some of the most elaborate and detailed descriptions of early Christian churches by a Latin writer are given by the nobleman Pontius Meropius Paulinus, who is usually known as Paulinus of Nola, after the city where he became bishop in the latter part of his life. He was born in Bordeaux around 353, of a wealthy family that had extensive properties in Aquitania, Gallia Narbonensis, Latium, and Campania. He received an education appropriate to his noble stature and became the prize student of Ausonius, also a native of Bordeaux, who was the tutor of the (future) emperor Gratian and a celebrated poet at court.
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31

Soldevila, Rosario Moreno. "A Bottle or a Beetle? Martial’s Cantharus." Mnemosyne 68, no. 4 (2015): 661–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568525x-12341609.

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32

KUŚKA, ANTONI, and IWONA KANIA. "New soldier beetles (Coleoptera, Cantharidae) from the Eocene Baltic amber." Zootaxa 2400, no. 1 (2010): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2400.1.5.

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The paper presents description of new cantharid taxa from the inclusions in the Eocene Baltic amber: Hoffeinsensia jantarica gen. nov. and sp. nov., Sucinocantharis baltica gen. nov. and sp. nov., Malthinus danieli sp. nov., Malthodes sucinopenninus sp. nov. and Malthodes sucini sp. nov. The new genera are characterised by 12or 16-segmented antennae.
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33

Satheeshkumar, Palanisamy, and Anisa B. Khan. "Gastropoda, Neogastropoda, Buccinidae, Cantharus tranquebaricus (Gmelin, 1791): first record from Pondicherry mangroves, southeast coast of India." Check List 7, no. 1 (2011): 083. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/7.1.83.

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Cantharus tranquebaricus (Gmelin, 1791) is reported for the first time in Pondicherry mangroves, southeast coast of India. Three adult specimens have been found in the Thengaithittu lagoon during post monsoon season of 2009. It is a characteristic species of molluscan fauna of the Bay of Bengal and the descriptions of the shell are provided.
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34

Finch, Margaret. "The Cantharus and Pigna at Old St. Peter's." Gesta 30, no. 1 (1991): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/767006.

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35

Gordon, S. C., and J. A. T. Woodford. "Cantharid beetle feeding damage toRubusplants in eastern Scotland." Journal of Horticultural Science 69, no. 4 (1994): 727–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14620316.1994.11516506.

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36

Vermeij, Geerat J. "Taxonomy, distribution, and characters of Pre-Oligocene members of the Cantharus group of Pisaniinae (Neogastropoda: Buccinoidea)." Journal of Paleontology 75, no. 2 (2001): 295–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000018102.

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This paper presents a review of Cretaceous to Eocene genera and species of the Cantharus group of the buccinoidean neogastropod subfamily Pisaniinae, the description of two new genera and one new species, and a nonphylogenetic discussion of character evolution in this group. The new genus Ickarus is introduced for Tritonidea ickei Martin, 1914, from the Nanggulan beds (middle Eocene) of Java, Indonesia. Editharus (type species: Fusus polygonus Lamarck, 1803, middle Eocene of the Paris Basin, France) is a new genus with seven to nine species ranging from the early to late Eocene of Europe. Editharus is unusual in having a labral tooth formed at the angular junction between the adapical and abapical sectors of the outer lip. Editharus angulilabris from the Marinesian (early late Eocene) is a new species from the Paris Basin closely related to E. polygonus. The incidence and expression of several characters has sharply increased in the Cantharus group from the Paleogene to the Neogene. These characters include the presence of lirae (spiral ridges) on the inner side of the outer lip, the presence of a parietal tooth at the adapical end of the inner lip, and determinate growth (as inferred from a unique adult varix). These trends are also exhibited by other Cenozoic gastropod clades.
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Whitcomb, R. F., C. Chastel, M. Abalain-Colloc, et al. "Spiroplasma cantharicola sp. nov., from Cantharid Beetles (Coleoptera: Cantharidae)." International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 43, no. 3 (1993): 421–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00207713-43-3-421.

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38

MACHADO, ÉWERTON O., FLÁVIO U. YAMAMOTO, ANTONIO D. BRESCOVIT, and BERNHARD A. HUBER. "Three new ground living pholcid species (Araneae: Pholcidae) from Parque Estadual da Cantareira, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil." Zootaxa 1582, no. 1 (2007): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1582.1.3.

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Three pholcid species (Araneae: Pholcidae) from Parque Estadual da Cantareira, city of São Paulo, Brazil are newly described: Mesabolivar cantharus n. sp., Mesabolivar camussi n. sp., and Tupigea cantareira n. sp. Collection data suggest a preference of the species for ground level habitats. Preliminary data on Tupigea cantareira n. sp. suggest a continuous occurrence of adult individuals throughout the year, with a peak in the rainy season. It also seems that T. cantareira n. sp. prefers the natural (“Mata”) environment over the reforested Pinus area.
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39

Blanc, A., and J. Daguzan. "Young cuttlefish Sepia officinalis (Mollusca: Sepiidae) in the Morbihan Bay (south Brittany, France): accessory prey of predators." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 79, no. 6 (1999): 1133–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315499001435.

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Morbihan Bay, France, is an important spawning area and nursery grounds for young cuttlefish. The eggs and the young cuttlefish are subjected to predatory species of fish. These were identified by analysing the stomach contents of 26 species and two species of cephalopods. Five fish species were found to be predators of young cuttlefish. The Balistes carolinensis feeds on the eggs, and Dicentrarchus labrax, Labrus bergylta, Spondyliosoma cantharus, and Conger conger eat young cuttlefish, from 8 mm (hatching cuttlefish) to 61 mm in mantle length (cuttlefish about 4-months old).
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40

BOCAK, LADISLAV, DOMINIK KUSY, MICHAL MOTYKA, and MATEJ BOCEK. "Drilidae Blanchard, 1845: multi-gene molecular phylogenies versus morphological similarity. An answer to Kovalev et al." Zootaxa 4674, no. 1 (2019): 142–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4674.1.8.

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In a recent issue of Zootaxa, Kovalev et al. (2019) reported the description of a new drilid genus Drilorhinus Kovalev, Kirejtshuk et Shapovalov, 2019 and they discuss at length the relationships and systematic classification of the drilid lineage. Although they did not formally propose a new status for Drilidae Blanchard, 1845 [not Lacordaire, 1857, as cited in their study] in the sense of the Code (ICZN 1999), they in fact resurrected the traditional concept of Drilidae as a separate ‘cantharoid’ family and rejected Drilini in Elateridae: Agrypninae of Kundrata & Bocak (2011). The authors strongly defended the historical classification of the genera Selasia Laporte, 1838, Malacogaster Bassi, 1834, Drilus Olivier, 1790, Drilorhinus, and putatively also their relatives (Kundrata et al. 2017), as a separate ‘cantharoid’ family in the sense proposed in 19th century and held until recently by some traditional morphologists (Blanchard 1845; Crowson 1955, 1972; Lawrence & Newton 1982, 1995; Branham & Wenzel 2003; Lawrence et al. 2011; Kazantsev 2013; Lawrence & Ślipiński 2013; Lawrence 2016). Although no new data were presented or methodological flaws of earlier analyses identified by Kovalev et al., the authors argued that the present evidence is insufficient for the placement of the Drilini in Elateridae, Agrypninae. Unfortunately, they did not take into account recent molecular analyses suggesting multiple origins of soft-bodied elateroid families, i.e., the polyphyly of the historical cantharoid group of families, and the relationships of drilids and agrypnine click beetles (Bocakova et al. 2007; Hunt et al., 2007; Timmermans et al. 2010, 2016; Kundrata et al. 2014; McKenna et al. 2015; Bocak et al. 2016; Kusy et al. 2018a, b; Linard et al. 2018; Zhang et al. 2018). They only discussed a single molecular analysis by Kundrata & Bocak (2011).
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41

Collins, KJ, and JJ Mallinson. "Surveying black bream, Spondyliosoma cantharus (L.), nesting sites using sidescan sonar." Underwater Technology 30, no. 4 (2012): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3723/ut.30.183.

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42

Mouine-Oueslati, Nejla, Romdhani Ahlem, Chater Ines, Mohamed-Hédi Ktari, and Nadia Chakroun-Marzouk. "Age and growth of Spondyliosoma cantharus (Sparidae) in the Gulf of Tunis." Scientia Marina 79, no. 3 (2015): 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.04234.13a.

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43

Mantelli, Sincero. "Quia scarabaeus uel cantharus uermis est stercoris. Una glossa erasmiana nel Commentario ad Abacuc di Gerolamo." Augustinianum 50, no. 2 (2010): 443–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/agstm201050216.

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In the main editions of the Commentary by Jerome on the prophet Habakkuk one can read a gloss (« quia scarabaeus uel cantharus uermis est stercoris ») which cannot be found in the manuscript that is usually consulted. The codices show different readings which in most cases quote a corrupt text. Considering that the above-mentioned note does not appear in the pre-Erasmian editions one can draw the conclusion that Erasmus himself corrected the text, adding the meaningful note. To confirm what has been said one can add other corrections, perhaps less significant but which nevertheless can be equally attributed to the hand of the Rotterdam Humanist.
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44

Branham, Marc A., and John W. Wenzel. "The Evolution of Bioluminescence in Cantharoids (Coleoptera: Elateroidea)." Florida Entomologist 84, no. 4 (2001): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3496389.

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45

Gonçalves, J. M. S., and K. Erzini. "The reproductive biology of Spondyliosoma cantharus (L.) from the SW Coast of Portugal." Scientia Marina 64, no. 4 (2000): 403–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2000.64n4403.

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46

Pérez Hernández, Cisteil X., and Enrique González-Soriano. "First record of a mass swarming behavior of Chauliognathus vestitus Champion, 1914 (Coleoptera: Cantharidae) with comments on other Chauliognathus from Colima, México." Dugesiana 28, no. 2 (2021): 133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32870/dugesiana.v28i2.7156.

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In this work we document a case of mass swarming of the Mexican soldier beetle Chauliognathus vestitus Champion, 1914 from El Terrero locality, within the Sierra de Manantlan Biosphere Reserve, in Colima, Mexico. Two other species of soldier beetles Chauliognathus togatus Waterhouse, 1878 and Chauliognathus sp. were observed at El Terrero, coexisting with C. vestitus, but their numbers were considerably lower. An updated list of Chauliognathus species from the state of Colima is included. Our observations are the record, to our knowledge, of the second cantharid species exhibiting a mass flying behavior among more than 450 described Chauliognathus in the world, and the first record of this behavior among soldier beetles in the American continent.
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47

Sarumathi, G., M. Arumugam, S. Kumaresan, and T. Balasubramanian. "Studies on bioprospecting potential of a gastropod mollusc Cantharus tranquebaricus (Gmelin, 1791)." Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2, no. 10 (2012): 759–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2221-1691(12)60225-1.

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48

Mouine, N., M. H. Ktari, and N. Chakroun-Marzouk. "Reproductive characteristics of Spondyliosoma cantharus (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Gulf of Tunis." Journal of Applied Ichthyology 27, no. 3 (2010): 827–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2010.01518.x.

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49

Neves, Ana, Ana Rita Vieira, Vera Sequeira, Rafaela Barros Paiva, and Leonel Serrano Gordo. "Modelling the growth of a protogynous sparid species, Spondyliosoma cantharus (Teleostei: Sparidae)." Hydrobiologia 797, no. 1 (2017): 265–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-017-3188-1.

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50

Bartoli, Pierre, and David I. Gibson. "A new acanthocolpid cercaria (Digenea) from Cantharus dorbignyi (Prosobranchia) in the Western Mediterranean." Systematic Parasitology 40, no. 3 (1998): 175–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1006045302828.

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