Journal articles: 'CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO'

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Doweidar, H. "Density of MgO–Al2O3–SiO2, MgO–CaO–SiO2 and MgO–CaO–Al2O3–SiO2 glasses and the structural role of MgO." Physics and Chemistry of Glasses: European Journal of Glass Science and Technology Part B 61, no. 1 (February 14, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.13036/17533562.61.1.12.

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Density and molar volume of MgO–Al2O3–SiO2, MgO–CaO–SiO2 and MgO–CaO–Al2O3–SiO2 glasses have been correlated with the structure by following the change in type and concentration of structural units with composition. It is assumed that for (MgO+CaO)≥Al2O3 all Al atoms form AlO4 tetrahedra. The type of modified units of SiO2 (Q3 and Q2) are determined by the ratio [(MgO+CaO)−Al2O3]/SiO2. In the case of (MgO+CaO)<Al2O3, there is a fraction of Al2O3 that forms units based on the AlO3/2 formula. The entire SiO2 content would be in the form of Q4 units. Any of the structural units has its own constant volume that is independent of the type of glass. The agreement between calculated and experimental density and molar volume strongly suggests that MgO has only a modifier role in the studied glasses. Formation of assumed MgO4, MgO5 and MgO6 polyhedra can be due to change in coordination of oxygen, rather being looked as structural units.

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Li, Wen Ping, Jun Hong Chen, Christoph Wohrmeyer, Hong Yan Guan, and Jia Lin Sun. "Study on Melting Properties of CaO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂-MgO System Calcium Aluminate Flux." Advanced Materials Research 683 (April 2013): 569–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.683.569.

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Melting properties of CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-MgO system calcium aluminate (CA) flux were investigated through orthogonal design on three levels of four factors (content of CaO, Al2O3, SiO2 and MgO, respectively) to explore a reasonable chemical composition of CA flux. Results show that the softening temperature (Ts), hemispherical temperature (Th) and flowing temperature (Tf) of CA flux are influenced by the flux components in the order of SiO2 > MgO > CaO > Al2O3. The optimal chemical composition of flux is 3 wt.% SiO2, 6~12 wt.% MgO, 45 wt.% CaO and 40 wt.% Al2O3. Additionally, mineralogy composition analysis of flux clinker shows that the CA flux is mainly composed of 12CaO•7Al2O3 (C12A7), 3CaO•Al2O3 (C3A) and 6CaO•4Al2O3•MgO•SiO2 (C6A4MS, Q phase).

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Liu, Li Xia, Gang Wang, Shi Jun Wang, Yun Chi Dong, and Yi Fan Chai. "Calculation of Phase Diagram of CaO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃-MgO-B₂O₃ Refining Slag without CaF₂." Advanced Materials Research 512-515 (May 2012): 1558–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.512-515.1558.

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CaF2 is used in large quantity during refining of steel, which is harmful to environment to be found. There is more and more study on use of B2O3 in metallurgical progress. This paper studied the effects of MgO on melting performance of CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 ternary system and B2O3 on that of CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO quaternary system by calculation of phase diagram. The result shows that MgO can expand the range of liquid phase of CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 ternary system while the effect on melting performance is little. B2O3 can also reduce the melting point of CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO quaternary system in high CaO zone and in high Al2O3 zone. So the proper composition of MgO in refining slag are 5~8% and B2O3 below 8%.

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Zhang, G. H., K. C. Chou, and X. Y. Lv. "Influences of different components on viscosities of CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 melts." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 50, no. 2 (2014): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb130819016z.

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The present study is aimed to distinguish the different influences of CaO and MgO, as well as Al2O3 and SiO2 on viscosity of CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 melts. It is found that for melt without Al2O3, viscosity increases monotonously as CaO is gradually replaced by MgO. The addition of Al2O3 leads to a complex variation of viscosity. In different composition ranges, viscosity may exhibit different variation tendencies as changing the relative contents of CaO and MgO while keeping contents of other components constant. It is also found that when replacing SiO2 by equivalent mole of Al2O3, (i) in CaOAl 2O3-SiO2 system, viscosity increases when Al2O3 content is small relative to CaO content (there are enough Ca2+ ions to charge compensate Al3+ ions), but decreases when CaO content is inadequate for charge compensation; (ii) in MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 system, viscosity always decreases as substituting Al2O3 for SiO2. The reason for this difference for two systems may be resulted from the weak charge compensation ability of Mg2+ ion for Al3+ ion relative to Ca2+ ion. All the viscosity variations can be interpreted well by our new proposed viscosity model.

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Yu, Huixiang, Xinhua Wang, Jing Zhang, and Wanjun Wang. "Laboratory Study on Oxide Inclusions in High-Strength Low-Alloyed Steel Refined by Slag with Basicity 2–5." High Temperature Materials and Processes 34, no. 7 (January 10, 2015): 675–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2014-0116.

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Abstract Non-metallic inclusions in high-strength low-alloyed steel refined by slag with basicity (B) 2–5 and Al2O3 content 20%–30% (in mass percent) were investigated by slag–metal equilibrium experiments in laboratory and thermodynamic calculations. Most inclusions in equilibrium were quasi-spherical CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 system and the sizes were less than 5 µm. The average content ratio, CaO/Al2O3 and CaO/SiO2 of the inclusions, increased with slag basicity increasing when Al2O3 content in slag was around 25%, MgO/Al2O3 and CaO/Al2O3 increased with Al2O3 content in slag decreasing when slag basicity was around 3.3. The MgO/Al2O3 of the inclusions was influenced mainly by Al2O3 content in slag and CaO/Al2O3 was influenced mainly by slag basicity. To make the inclusions out of relative lower melting region (<1,773 K), the values of CaO/Al2O3, MgO/Al2O3 and (CaO+MgO)/Al2O3 of the inclusions should be enhanced by increasing basicity and decreasing Al2O3 content in slag properly.

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Wu, Huajie, Qiaoqi Li, Chongyi Wei, and Zhe Wang. "Study on the behaviour of DS-Class inclusions in advanced bearing steel." Metallurgical Research & Technology 116, no. 2 (2019): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2018096.

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The source and generated mechanisms of DS-size inclusions in bearing steel were studied by sampling systematically and using ASPEX, SEM and EDS to analyse the morphology, composition and amount of non-metallic inclusions larger than 13 µm. Two kinds of typical DS-size inclusions were found in the refining process: type I is CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 distributed evenly and wrapped by CaS; type II is composite inclusion with MgO-Al2O3 as the core, CaO-Al2O3 and CaO-SiO2 as the inner layer, covered by CaS. Based on the FactSage and thermodynamic calculations, the DS inclusions formation mechanisms were drawn. There are two formation mechanisms of the type II inclusions: one is the solid phases will precipitate from the matrix of type I inclusions as the temperature drops; another is that when the reaction time is not sufficient, the MgO∙Al2O3 spinel core will not be transformed completely, and the evolution can be summarized as: Al2O3 → MgO-Al2O3 → CaO-MgO-Al2O3 → surrounded by CaO-Al2O3(SiO2) → covered by CaS.

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Ju, Jian Tao, Sen Yang, Yan Ping Guo, Yuan She, and Zhao Hui Zhang. "Influence of Top Slag on the Plasticity of CaO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃ Inclusions in 42CrMoA Crankshaft Steel." Materials Science Forum 804 (October 2014): 285–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.804.285.

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In order to control the plasticity of CaO-SiO2-Al2O3system inclusions so as to reduce the harm to the quality of 42CrMoA crankshaft steel, the target controlling ranges of CaO-SiO2-Al2O3inclusions is put forward. On the basis, influence of CaO-SiO2-Al2O3and CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO system top slag on the content of calcium and aluminum in molten steel is contrasted. Theoretical research results show that, calcium activity should be controlled in the range of (90~3300)×10-10, oxygen activity should be below 7×10-6, the mass percent of calcium should be controlled more than 75ppm. And CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO should be a good choice to obtain the plastic inclusions of CaO-SiO2-Al2O3.

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Chen, Xingrun, Guoguang Cheng, Jingyu Li, Yuyang Hou, Jixiang Pan, and Qiang Ruan. "Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of Inclusions in 304L Stainless Steel during the VOD Refining Process." Metals 8, no. 12 (December 5, 2018): 1024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met8121024.

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The formation and characteristics of non-metallic inclusions in 304L stainless steel during the vacuum oxygen decarburization (VOD) refining process were investigated using industrial experiments and thermodynamic calculations. The compositional characteristics indicated that two types of inclusions with different sizes (from 1 μm to 30 μm) existed in 304L stainless steel during the VOD refining process, i.e., CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO external inclusions, and CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-MnO endogenous inclusions. The calculation results obtained using the FactSage 7.1 software confirmed that the inclusions that were larger than 5 μm were mostly CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO; the similarity in composition to the slag indicated that these inclusions originated from the slag entrapment. The CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-MnO inclusions that were smaller than 5 μm originated mainly from the oxidation reaction with Ca, Al, Mg, Si, and Mn. The changes in the inclusion composition resulting from changes in the Ca, Al, and O contents, and the temperature during the VOD refining process was larger for the smaller inclusions. Generating mechanisms for the CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-MnO inclusions in the 304L stainless steel were proposed.

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Yu, Huixiang, Dexin Yang, Muming Li, and Ming Pan. "Metallurgical characteristics of refining slag used for high manganese steel." Metallurgical Research & Technology 116, no. 6 (2019): 620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2019050.

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High manganese steel has excellent mechanical properties, which has garnered much attention. Whereas the research on the refining slag used for high Mn steel is very limited. In this study, the metallurgical characteristics of refining slag for high Mn steel were investigated based on thermodynamic calculation with FactSage 6.3 and slag-metal equilibrium reaction in MgO crucible. The calculated liquid zones of T ≤ 1873 K of CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-8%MgO-5%MnO system are located in the middle region of pseudo-ternary CaO-SiO2-Al2O3. For CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-8%MgO-MnO system, the apparent liquid zone at 1873 K enlarges with MnO content in slag increasing, and moves toward the direction of SiO2 and Al2O3 content increasing. For CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-MnO system, the liquidus zone shrinks with the basicity increasing, and moves toward the direction of Al2O3 content increasing. The measured MnO content in top slag reacted with high Mn steel was much higher than that reacted with conventional steels. In present experiments, the MnO content was around 5% when CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO slag with basicity of 4 was in equilibrium with high Mn steel (Mn = 10, 20%) at 1873 K. The inclusions in master high Mn steel were mainly MnO type. After reaction with top slag, most inclusions transformed to MnO-SiO2 system and MnO-Al2O3-MgO system, in which the MnO content still shared the majority. Thermodynamic calculations show that SiO2 in top slag can be reduced by [Mn] in steel to supply [Si] under present experimental condition, which subsequently reacts with [O] in steel bath to form SiO2.

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Kress, V. C., and M. S. Ghiorso. "Multicomponent diffusion in MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 and CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 melts." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 57, no. 18 (September 1993): 4453–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(93)90495-i.

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11

Baek, Seoung Bae, Jong Ho Lim, Woo Jin Jung, and Seoung Won Lee. "Nitrogen Dissolution in CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-CaF2Slags." Korean Journal of Materials Research 24, no. 2 (February 27, 2014): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3740/mrsk.2014.24.2.81.

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12

Wang, Nan, Zong Shu Zou, Zhan Zhang, Yan Ping Xiao, and Yong Xiang Yang. "Thermodynamics of Slag Formation in Multi-Component Oxide Systems in Thermal Processing of Incineration Bottom Ash - Equilibrium Phase Relation in CaO-SiO₂-FeO_x-MgO System." Advanced Materials Research 194-196 (February 2011): 2175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.194-196.2175.

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Vitrification is considered as an attractive procedure for municipal solid waste incineration ash, which can realize the volume reduction and innocent treatment of incineration ash, as well as reuse of bottom ash. The main oxide components of molten ash slag are CaO, Al2O3, SiO2, Fe2O3, MgO, and Na2O, accounting for more than 90% of the total mass. The phase relations and thermodynamic properties of the CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-FeOx-MgO-Na2O oxide system is highly required, and is of great significance for optimization of vitrification processing and sustainable resource utilization of melting slag. A study on the equilibria phase relations of CaO-SiO2-MgO-FeOx system was done by applying CALPHAD based on FactSage in this paper. The modeling parameters for the thermodynamic properties of liquid phase in CaO-SiO2-MgO-FeOx system were established and the equilibrium phase relations of MgO-SiO2-FeOx and CaO-SiO2-FeOx-MgO systems were calculated for different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures.

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Talapaneni, Trinath, Natraj Yedla, and Smarajit Sarkar. "Study on desulfurization capacity of high alumina blast furnace slag at 1773 K using slag-metal equilibrium technique." Metallurgical Research & Technology 115, no. 5 (2018): 502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2018018.

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In the current paper, we have determined the desulfurization ability of a CaO–MgO–SiO2–Al2O3 slag system using slag-metal equilibrium technique. The chemical composition of slag samples consists of Al2O3 in the range of 25–30 wt%, CaO/SiO2 ratio (0.8–1.6) and MgO (8–16 wt%). All the experiments are conducted at a temperature of 1773 K. The sulphur content in the slag as well as in metal after desulfurization reaction is analyzed using XRF (X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy) for calculating sulphur partition ratio (LS) of the slags. The influence of Al2O3, CaO/SiO2 ratio and MgO content on LS have been studied. It is observed that LS increase with an increase in CaO/SiO2 ratio and MgO content, but it reduces as the Al2O3 content increase in slag. Also, the amount of bridge oxygen ([BO]) represented by (O0) decreases with increase in basicity and MgO content. However, O0 increases with increase in Al2O3. It is witnessed that the experimental values closely fit with the values obtained from corrected optical basicity model.

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Yang, Lixiang, and G. R. Belton. "Iron redox equilibria in CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 and MgO-CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 slags." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B 29, no. 4 (August 1998): 837–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11663-998-0143-6.

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Chen, Xingrun, Guoguang Cheng, Yuyang Hou, and Jingyu Li. "Oxide-Inclusion Evolution in the Steelmaking Process of 304L Stainless Steel for Nuclear Power." Metals 9, no. 2 (February 21, 2019): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9020257.

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The inclusions formed in 304L stainless steel for nuclear power produced by the electric arc furnace (EAF)-argon oxygen decarburization furnace (AOD)-ladle furnace (LF)-continuous casting (CC) process were investigated by thermodynamics calculations and experimental results. The results showed that the inclusions after AOD and LF refining were almost the same as the slag composition. The types of inclusions (sizes larger than 5 µm) were mainly CaSiO3 with high SiO2 content at the end of AOD, and Ca2SiO4 with high CaO content at the end of LF. The Al2O3 and MgO content of inclusions increased from AOD to LF. There were two types of inclusions in the tundish: CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO and CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-MnO inclusions with MgO·Al2O3 spinel precipitation. The content of Al2O3 in the inclusions increased rapidly with the decrease in temperature from the end of LF refining to continuous casting, as calculated using FactSage6.3 software. The rapid increase of Al2O3 in the CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-(MnO) inclusions promoted the precipitation of MgO·Al2O3 spinel in continuous casting tundish, suggesting mechanisms for the formation of inclusions in the 304L stainless steel.

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Shankar, Amitabh, Mårten Görnerup, A. K. Lahiri, and S. Seetharaman. "Experimental Investigation of the Viscosities in CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3 and CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3-TiO2 Slags." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B 38, no. 6 (October 23, 2007): 911–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11663-007-9087-5.

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Peng, Leizhen, Zhouhua Jiang, and Xin Geng. "Design of ESR Slag for Remelting 9CrMoCoB Steel under Simple Protective Ar Gas." Metals 9, no. 12 (December 2, 2019): 1300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9121300.

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Thermodynamic calculations by using Factsage 7.3 and simple protective gas electroslag remelting (ESR) experiments were conducted to design the appropriate ESR slag for remelting the qualified 9CrMoCoB ingot. First, the proper basic slag was determined based on the phase diagram of CaF2–CaO–Al2O3–x%MgO calculated using Factsage 7.3. Second, equilibrium reactions between 9CrMoCoB and the basic slag containing varied SiO2, and B2O3 contents were calculated to study the effects of B2O3 and SiO2 on B, Si, and Al contents in steel. Then, equilibrium reaction experiments were conducted to validate the calculated results. Finally, the appropriate slags were attained and the simple protective Ar gas ESR experiments were conducted to make a verification. Results showed that the liquid phase region of the slag of CaF2–CaO–Al2O3–x%MgO at 1300–1400 °C increased first, then decreased with the MgO addition. With the B2O3 content increasing, the boron content increased, while the Si, Al contents decreased, and at a given B2O3 addition, the B and Al contents decreased with the SiO2 content increasing, whereas the Si content increased. The appropriate slags for simple protective gas ESR remelting 9CrMoCoB were 55%CaF2–20%CaO–3%MgO–22%Al2O3–2%SiO2–1.3%B2O3 and 55%CaF2–20%CaO–3%MgO–22%Al2O3–3%SiO2–1.7%B2O3.

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Hino, Mitsutaka, Susumu Kitagawa, and Shiro Ban-Ya. "Sulphide Capacities of CaO-Al2O3-MgO and CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 Slags." ISIJ International 33, no. 1 (1993): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.33.36.

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Zhang, Cai Jun, Jing Wang, and Li Guang Zhu. "Experimental Study on the Al₂O₃ Absorption Rate of RH Refining Slag." Advanced Materials Research 616-618 (December 2012): 1073–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.616-618.1073.

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The effect of different composition of refining slag on absorption rate of Al2O3 has been tested by experimental method in the CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-CaF2-FeO-MnO-P2O5 refining slag. The result shows: under specified condition, CaO/Al2O3 between 1.4 and 1.7, the slag has higher absorption rate of Al2O3,The absorption rate of Al2O3 raised with the increase of the content of CaF2 when the content of CaF2 less than 8%; the absorption rate of Al2O3 increased with the increase of the CaO/SiO2 when the CaO/SiO2 less than 3.5; the maximum absorption rate of Al2O3 is 0.0226 g•cm-2•min-1 when CaO/SiO2=3.48, MI=0.124.

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Ge, Yangyang, Shuo Zhao, Liang Ma, Tao Yan, Zushu Li, and Bin Yang. "Inclusions Control and Refining Slag Optimization for Fork Flat Steel." Metals 9, no. 2 (February 20, 2019): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9020253.

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In order to investigate the causes of the large number of cracks and porosities formed in 33MnCrTiB fork flat steel produced by a special steel plant, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) analysis, and large sample electrolysis of the obtained steel samples were carried out in different steps of the steelmaking processes. The main micro-inclusions in the fork flat steel samples were Al2O3, CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2, and TiN, and the macro-inclusions were mainly Al2O3, CaO-Al2O3, CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2, and CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2-(K2O) systems which originated from the ladle slag and mold flux in the production process. In order to reduce the number of micro-inclusions effectively, the control range of components in the refining slag was confirmed by the thermodynamic calculation, where the mass ratio of CaO/Al2O3 should be in the range of 1.85–1.92, and the mass fraction of SiO2 and MgO should be controlled to 7.5–20% and 6–8%, respectively. In addition, the numbers of macro-inclusions in the flat steel should be effectively reduced by optimizing the flow field of mold and preventing the secondary oxidation, and the flat steel quality problems caused by the inclusions can be improved by the optimization process above.

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Bian, Lingtao, and Yanhong Gao. "Influence of Al2O3, CaO/SiO2, and B2O3 on Viscous Behavior of High Alumina and Medium Titania Blast Furnace Slag." Journal of Chemistry 2017 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6895928.

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The effect of Al2O3, CaO/SiO2, and B2O3 on the viscosity of high alumina and medium titania blast furnace slag was analyzed. An increase in CaO/SiO2 ratio from 1.14 to 1.44 resulted in higher slag viscosity and break point temperature. They also increased with increasing Al2O3 content but decreased with adding B2O3 and Al2O3 simultaneously at a fixed CaO/SiO2 ratio of 1.14, which suggested that the effect of B2O3 on viscosity and break point temperature is predominant compared to Al2O3. Apparent activation energies of CaO–SiO2–MgO–Al2O3–TiO2–B2O3 slag were found to be between 74 and 169 kJ/mol.

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Xu, Ji Fang, Jie Yu Zhang, Chang Jie, Gong Yuan Liu, and Fei Ruan. "Measuring and Modeling of Viscosities of Selected CaO-MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ Slags." Advanced Materials Research 152-153 (October 2010): 782–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.152-153.782.

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Viscosities of selected quaternary CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 slags have been measured by rotary cylinder method up to a temperature of 1875K. 9 slag compositions have been selected in the composition range 40.04-50.64 wt. % CaO, 6.40-7.12 wt. % MgO, 22.84-41.73 wt. % Al2O3 and 10.25-20.70 wt. % SiO2. The effect of increasing temperature was investigated and it was shown that viscosity decreased, as expected, with increasing temperature. The viscosity increases with increasing the ratios of CaO/Al2O3, and following by a decrease with further increasing the ratios of CaO/Al2O3. An application of Iida’s viscosity model has been made. The Iida model gave good consistency with the measured viscosity values.

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Guo, Jia Meng, Ke Wu Peng, Lei Yi, He Li Ma, and Ren Chen. "Study on Properties of Al₂O₃-CaO-SiO₂-CaF₂-MgO Slag System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (February 2014): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.24.

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Liquidus temperature, electrical conductivity and phase composition of Al2O3-CaO-SiO2-CaF2-MgO slag system were studied. The results showed that the liquidus temperature of the slag decreased with increasing MgO content, and its electrical conductivity increased with increasing MgO content and temperature. When the content of MgO is 5 %, the main phase compositions of the slag are composed of MgAl2O4, Ca2SiO2F2, CaAl4O7 and Ca5Al6O14. When the content of MgO is 7 %, the main phase compositions of Al2O3-CaO-SiO2-CaF2-MgO are composed of MgAl2O4, Ca4Si2O7F2, CaAl4O7 and Ca5Al6O14.And the content of MgAl2O4 and Mg2SiO4 increased with increasing MgO.

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Jahanshahi, Sharif, and Steven Wright. "Redox Equilibria in Al2O3-CaO-FeOx-SiO2 and Al2O3-CaO-FeOx-MgO-SiO2 Slags." ISIJ International 33, no. 1 (1993): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.33.195.

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Arnout, Sander, Dirk Durinck, Muxing Guo, Bart Blanpain, and Patrick Wollants. "Determination of CaO–SiO2–MgO–Al2O3–CrOxLiquidus." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 91, no. 4 (April 2008): 1237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2007.02249.x.

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Wang, Nan, Zong Shu Zou, Zhan Zhang, Yan Xiao, and Yong Yang. "Effect of Oxygen Partial Pressure and Temperature on Liquidus for the CaO-SiO₂-FeO_x-Al₂O₃ System." Advanced Materials Research 295-297 (July 2011): 2279–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.295-297.2279.

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To provide essential data for an efficient utilization of vitrified bottom ash slag, the thermodynamic properties of the CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-FeOx-MgO-Na2O oxide system is highly required. As one of the related oxide subsystems, the equilibrium phase relations and liquidus of CaO-SiO2-FeOx-Al2O3 system is of great significance to interpret and predict the thermodynamic properties in multi-component oxide systems. In this paper, phase diagrams for the CaO-Al2O3-FeOx and SiO2-Al2O3-FeOx systems were calculated by using CALPHAD method with FactSage program. The liquid phase area changed with changing oxygen partial pressure from 1Pa to 10-3Pa and temperature from 1673K to 1773K. The equilibrium phase relations of CaO-Al2O3-FeOx and SiO2-Al2O3-FeOx systems were discussed.

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Zhan, Zhonghua, Weifeng Zhang, Yanling Zhang, Ruxing Shi, and Guoguang Cheng. "Formation and Evolution of DS-Type Inclusions in 15-5PH Stainless Steel." Metals 11, no. 7 (July 16, 2021): 1129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11071129.

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15-5PH stainless steel castings are key components in fracturing trucks. However, DS-type inclusions can lead to fatigue failure of the material. To elucidate the formation mechanism of large-size DS-type inclusions, the evolution, growth, and aggregation of inclusions during vacuum oxygen decarburization, ladle refining, and vacuum casting were studied. The results show that the DS-type inclusions with sizes larger than 20 μm were CaO–Al2O3–SiO2–MgO–CaS composite inclusions. After Si–Al additions in vacuum degassing, typical inclusions were spinel or Al2O3. After Ca–Si additions during ladle treatment, typical inclusions were liquid or dual-phase Al2O3–CaO–SiO2–MgO. During the solidification process, due to the segregation of S and the decrease in solubility, the typical inclusions in the final casting became Al2O3–CaO–SiO2–MgO–CaS. For optimal fatigue performance of stainless steel castings, slag and refractory composition control were also necessary because the [Mg] contents mainly come from the slag and lining.

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Xin, Cai-ping, Feng Yue, Chen-xu Jiang, and Qi-fan Wu. "Study on Control of Inclusion Compositions in Tire Cord Steel by Low Basicity Top Slag." High Temperature Materials and Processes 35, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2014-0143.

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AbstractTop slag melting experiment was conducted in a silicon molybdenum furnace with tire cord steel billet. The influence of top slag composition on the plasticity of CaO–Al2O3–SiO2–MgO inclusion and inclusion plasticization conditions was calculated by thermodynamic software FactSage. Use the thermodynamic calculation to guide the laboratory experiments to study slag compositions influence inclusions composition. Then industrial experiments were conducted based on the theoretical calculation and results of laboratory experiments. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used to determine the morphology and composition of inclusions in steel. All studies show that in the CaO–Al2O3–SiO2–10% MgO diagram, when CaO = 8–48%, SiO2 = 35–75%, Al2O3 = 0–32%, inclusions are in the plastic area. When basicity of top slag is certain, Al2O3 content in inclusions increases with the increase of Al2O3 content in the slag, and the distribution of inclusions becomes scattered with the increase of Al2O3 content in slag. Inclusion plasticization can be achieved when the binary basicities of top slag are 0.6, 0.8–1.2, 1.4 and corresponding w(Al2O3)s are 2–15%, 2–10%, <2%. According to industrial experimental results, when top slag basicity decreases from 1.5 to 0.67–0.9 and Al2O3 content decreases below 10 wt%, the inclusion falls into plastic area. It is feasible in practice to control the CaO–Al2O3–SiO2–MgO inclusions plastic through adjusting Al2O3 content in slag.

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Zhang, Zhan, Guang Qiang Li, Yong Xiang Yang, and Yan Ping Xiao. "Thermodynamics of the Vitrified Bottom Ash Slag from Municipal Solid Waste Incinerators-Phase Relations of CaO-SiO₂-Na₂O Oxide System." Advanced Materials Research 881-883 (January 2014): 574–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.881-883.574.

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Vitrification is considered to be an attractive technology for municipal solid waste incineration. The main components of the vitrified bottom ash slag are SiO2, CaO, Al2O3, Fe2O3, Na2O and MgO, accounting for more than 90% of the total mass. The phase relations and thermodynamic properties of the CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-FeOx-MgO-Na2O oxide system is highly required, and is of great significance for optimization of vitrification processing and sustainable resource utilization of melting slag. Thermodynamic properties of the vitrified bottom ash slag were investigated in the present work. A study on the phase equilibria of CaO-SiO2-Na2O system was carried out with modelling method.

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30

Yuelin, Qin, Liu Hao, and Yang Yanhua. "Structure evolution of blast furnace slag with high Al2O3 Content and 5 mass% TiO2 via molecular dynamics simulation and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy." Metallurgical Research & Technology 115, no. 1 (November 28, 2017): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2017090.

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The structure of a quenched blast furnace slag containing 5 mass% TiO2 was investigated via molecular dynamics simulation and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The simulation and experimental results obtained revealed that the slag possesses a depolymerized network of [SiO4] and [AlO4] tetrahedra. At a fixed CaO/SiO2 mass fraction of 1.17 and 12 mass% Al2O3, increasing the amount of MgO decreased the bridging oxygen fraction in the slag system, thus resulting in silicate depolymerization. At a fixed CaO/SiO2 mass fraction of 1.17 and 8 mass% MgO, increasing Al2O3 content increased the bridging oxygen fraction because of the polymerization of aluminate structures. At a fixed 8 mass% MgO and 12 mass% Al2O3, increasing the CaO/SiO2 mass fraction from 1.07 to 1.50 decreased the bridging oxygen fraction because of the depolymerization of silicate and aluminate structures. Analyzing the slag structure via FT-IR spectroscopy verified these behaviors.

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Fan, Xiaoyue, Jianliang Zhang, Kexin Jiao, Renze Xu, and Kaidi Wang. "Influence of B2O3 on viscosity and structure of low MgO slag containing titanium." Metallurgical Research & Technology 115, no. 3 (2018): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2017103.

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The viscous behavior of CaO–SiO2–15.2 wt% Al2O3–4.8 wt% MgO–TiO2–B2O3 slags is studied. The effect of the TiO2 and B2O3 on the viscosity and apparent activation energy, as well as the effect of B2O3 on structure is investigated through Raman spectroscopy. The viscosity and apparent activation energy of CaO–SiO2–15.2 wt% Al2O3–4.8 wt% MgO–TiO2 are decreased with increased TiO2 content, which can be explained by the network modifier role that TiO2 acts in slags. The addition of B2O3 can reduce the viscosity of CaO–SiO2–15.2 wt% Al2O3–4.8 wt% MgO–TiO2–B2O3 slags, and it brings about a turning point on apparent activation energy curves. Raman spectroscopy shows that B2O3 acts as acidic oxide and increases the degree of polymerization of slags. However, with the addition of B2O3, the appearance of two dimensional [BO3] structure units and the low strength energy of B–O bonds can reduce the viscous resistance in molten slags and decrease the viscosity.

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32

Zhu, Hangyu, Jixuan Zhao, Jianli Li, Qian Hu, and Chenxi Peng. "Evolution of nonmetallic inclusions in pipeline steel during LF and VD refining process." High Temperature Materials and Processes 39, no. 1 (September 10, 2020): 424–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2020-0088.

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AbstractThe formation and evolution of nonmetallic inclusions in pipeline steel were investigated by SEM, EDS and INCA Feature Analysis System, with the industrial process of electric arc furnace → ladle furnace (LF) refining → vacuum degassing → continuous casting. The composition, size and amount of inclusions during refining process were discussed systematically. The results show that inclusions at each refining step are mainly small-particle inclusions (below 5 µm), and the total number of inclusions has been reduced significantly due to the refining effect of slag during LF refining. The calcium (Ca) treatment increases the amount of small inclusions. The types of inclusion are mainly Al2O3 and MnO–SiO2–Al2O3 before LF, and they are transformed into CaO–Al2O3, MgO–Al2O3 and CaO–MgO–Al2O3 during LF process. After Ca treatment, inclusions are changed to CaO–Al2O3–(CaS) and CaO–MgO–Al2O3–(CaS). Typical inclusions are still mainly CaO–Al2O3 and CaO–MgO–Al2O3 in tundish, but the composition of those inclusions has been changed and located to the low melting point region in ternary phase diagram. Such inclusions will further be removed as continuous casting approaches.

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Lin, Chi-Ming, C. W. Yu, W. Wu, C. C. Li, and K. L. Chang. "Effect of FeO-CaO-SiO₂-MgO-xAl₂O₃ Slags with 12.0~26.0 wt.% Al₂O₃ Content on Dephosphorization of Molten Steel." Key Engineering Materials 773 (July 2018): 184–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.773.184.

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The purpose of this investigation is to understand the effect of FeO-CaO-SiO2-MgO-xAl2O3 slags with 12.0~26.0 wt.% Al2O3 content on dephosphorization of molten steel. The dephosphorization experiments of FeO-CaO-SiO2-MgO-xAl2O3 slags are evaluated by a heater of induction furnace at the temperature of 1823 K. The results show that the dephosphorization ability of FeO-CaO-SiO2-MgO-xAl2O3 slags significantly decreases with the increasing of Al2O3 content. The oxidative slag with 12.4 wt.% Al2O3 possesses the biggest dephosphorization ability (approximately 82.7%) in all conditions. When the Al2O3 content of oxidative slag increases from 12.4 to 25.7 wt.%, the dephosphorization ability decreases from 82.7% to 34.6%. P2O5 content of oxidative slag also decreases with the increasing of Al2O3 content. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results reveal that the Fe-based slag with 12.4 wt.% Al2O3 contains the constituent phases of FexO and Ca2Al2SiO7. As the Al2O3 content of Fe-based slag is above 22.1 wt.%, the constituent phase of FeAl2O4 is generated. The energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (ESD) results verify that the capacity of phosphorus of FeAl2O4 phase is the worst in all phases. The capacity of phosphorus for each phase is Ca2Al2SiO7 phase > FexO phase > (Fe,Mg)Al2O4 phase.

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Suvorov, Stanislav A., Vladimir V. Kozlov, and Sergey M. Philippov. "MODEL OF MELTING METALLURGICAL SLAGS IN CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 SYSTEM." Bulletin of the Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University) 37, no. 63 (December 2016): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.15217/issn1998984-9.2016.37.3.

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35

Jiao, You Zhou, Pan Ding, and Shuang Li Du. "Research on Mineral Formation Mechanism of Pulverized Coal Combustion Boiler Co-Generating Q-Phase Cement Clinker." Advanced Materials Research 512-515 (May 2012): 1687–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.512-515.1687.

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Conduct test of 2CaO•Al2O3•SiO2 transformed into Q-phase mineral with analytical reagent CaO, SiO2, Al2O3 and MgO in library high-temperature furnace. And carry out experimental investigation on the mineral formation rule of co-generation Q-phase cement clinker on two-section multiphase reaction test stand simulating pulverized coal combustion boiler based on the test. It was found that: 2CaO•Al2O3•SiO2 may generate Q-phase mineral with hydration activity together with appreciated amount of CaO and MgO; experimental coal sort in reasonable ratio may co-generate cement clinker with main mineral sort of 2CaO•SiO2 and Q-phase mineral. Thermodynamic analysis on mineral formation reaction shows that, in Yanzhou coal co-generating Q-phase cement clinker, the most probably occurring is the direct synthesis reaction of 2CaO•Al2O3•SiO2, followed by 2CaO•SiO2 direct synthesis reaction and the Q-phase indirect synthesis reaction comes last according to chemical composition of clinkers.

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36

Hayakawa, Hikaru, Masakatsu Hasegawa, Kazuo Oh-nuki, Takashi Sawai, and Masanori Iwase. "Sulphide Capacities of CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO Slags." steel research international 77, no. 1 (January 2006): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/srin.200606124.

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37

КОРЫТЦЕВА, А., and А. НАВРОТСКИ. "ВЫСОКОТЕМПЕРАТУРНЫЕ КАЛОРИМЕТРИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ CAO-MGO-AL2O3-SIO2 ШЛАКОВ." РАСПЛАВЫ, no. 2 (2019): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0235010619010092.

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38

Babenko, A. A., S. A. Istomin, E. V. Protopopov, A. V. Sychev, and V. V. Ryabov. "Viscosity of CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-B2O3 slags." Steel in Translation 44, no. 2 (February 2014): 110–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0967091214020028.

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39

Han, Bo-Ram, Eung-Jin Kim, and Ho-Sang Sohn. "Copper Solubility in Al2O3-CaO-SiO2-MgO Slag." Journal of the Korean Institute of Resources Recycling 23, no. 1 (February 28, 2014): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7844/kirr.2014.23.1.33.

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40

Li, Tingle, Changyu Sun, Sunny Song, and Qi Wang. "Roles of MgO and Al2O3 on the Viscous and Structural Behavior of Blast Furnace Primary Slag, Part 1: C/S = 1.3 Containing TiO2." Metals 9, no. 8 (August 8, 2019): 866. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9080866.

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This research provides fundamental insight into the roles of MgO and Al2O3 on the viscous and structural behaviors of CaO−SiO2−MgO−Al2O3−10 mass% TiO2−5 mass% FeO (CaO/SiO2 = 1.3) system primary blast furnace slag. The slag viscosity is measured by the rotating cylinder method, which is essential to the efficient and stable operation of a blast furnace. The network structure characterization of the quenched vitreous samples was conducted using Fourier Transformation Infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. Unusual viscous behaviors (that the slag viscosity and the activation energy decrease or increase with increasing MgO or Al2O3 content) were observed, corresponding to changes in the network structure certified by FTIR and Raman analyses. It seems that the addition of MgO and Al2O3 prefers to modify the Si−O and Ti−O network in the present slag. When the slag composition reaches 10% MgO and 12% Al2O3, unexpected viscous behaviors (that MgO increases viscosity and Al2O3 decreases viscosity) are discovered. The roles of MgO and Al2O3 could be interpreted by changes in the arrangement structure of ions in liquid, corresponding to changes in the primary equilibrium phase region determined in phase diagrams and variation in the difference between the experimental and liquidus temperature, respectively.

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41

Wang, Xi Tang, Chen Ze Luo, and Bao Guo Zhang. "Solution Behavior of CaO-MgO-SiO₂ System Bio-Soluble Refractory Ceramic Fibers." Key Engineering Materials 336-338 (April 2007): 1556–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.336-338.1556.

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In order to assess the behavior of ceramic fibers that are respired and accumulate in the lung, the solubility of bio-soluble CaO-MgO-SiO2 system ceramic fibers was determined by measuring the concentrations of the main components in the Gamble solution after different solution periods. The effect of ZrO2, TiO2, B2O3, Al2O3 and the different CaO/MgO ratio of fibers on the solubility of the ceramic fibers were investigated. The results indicated that the pH value of the Gamble solutions increase with the increasing of solution time. CaO, MgO, SiO2 in the ceramic fiber have greater solubility. The existence of ZrO2 and Al2O3 in the fibers would reduce the solubility of the fibers, and the existence of TiO2, and B2O3 in fibers will benefit the solubility of the fibers.

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42

Jung, In-Ho, Sergei A. Decterov, and Arthur D. Pelton. "Critical thermodynamic evaluation and optimization of the MgO-Al2O3, CaO-MgO-Al2O3, and MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 Systems." Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion 25, no. 4 (October 2004): 329–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11669-004-0151-4.

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43

Zhang, Jin Zhu, Ling Wen, Ming Hua Long, and Bi Neng Yang. "Study on Viscosity of Titania Bearing Blast Furnace Slag." Key Engineering Materials 467-469 (February 2011): 1742–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.467-469.1742.

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The viscosity of blast furnace slag which was taken from Shuicheng Iron and Steel Group Co. Limited was experimentally measured by column whirling method using the ND-II slag viscosity tester. By adding analytical reagent CaO, SiO2, Al2O3, MgO and TiO2 in accordance with orthogonal design, the contents of compositions in slag were adjusted in CaO/SiO2=1.16-1.24, 14.06-17.06mass%Al2O3, 5-7mass%TiO2, 8.96-9.96mass%MgO. The results showed that the viscosity of BF slag decreased with increasing TiO2; when the Al2O3 content in the slag was 14.06%, the viscosity of BF slag had a lowest value, a highest value had for 15.56% Al2O3 content, and a lower value for 17.06% Al2O3 content. There is no significant effect on the viscosity by both the magnesia and the binary basicity.

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44

Wang, Hui, Su Ping Cui, and Xiao Long Shang. "Optimization Chemical Composition of the Blast Furnace Slag with Uniform Design." Materials Science Forum 743-744 (January 2013): 210–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.743-744.210.

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Using the industrial limestone, fly ash and pure chemical reagents as raw materials, the blast furnace slag was prepared in the simulation condition of the actual slag-making process. Using uniform design method, the influence of blast furnace slag composition factors such as quaternary alkalinity, ratio of CaO/MgO and ratio of SiO2/Al2O3 on the glass content of blast furnace slag were studied in the present in investigation, the relationship between glass content and the various factors has been obtained through regression analysis, and the main influence factors and the optimum blast furnace slag compositions been found out. The results showed that, the impact of various factors on the glass content of granulated blast furnace slag was quaternary alkalinity > ratio of SiO2/Al2O3 > ratio of CaO/MgO. According to the significance test of the regression equation and the verification experiment, it was concluded that the optimum compositions of granulated blast furnace slag were: the quaternary alkalinity was 0.85, the ratios of CaO/MgO and SiO2/Al2O3 were 11.5 and 6.5 respectively, and in this condition, the glass content of granulated blast furnace slag reached to 98.47%.

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Wang, Huijun, Roberto Caballero, and Du Sichen. "Dissolution of MgO based refractories in CaO-Al2O3-MgO-SiO2 slag." Journal of the European Ceramic Society 38, no. 2 (February 2018): 789–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2017.09.030.

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46

Yu, Huixiang, Dexin Yang, Muming Li, and Ni Zhang. "Effect of CaO–SiO2–Al2O3–MgO top slag on solute elements and non-metallic inclusions in Fe-xMn(x = 10, 20 mass pct) steel." Metallurgical Research & Technology 118, no. 3 (2021): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2021025.

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Medium/high manganese steels have broad application prospects in automotive industry, cryogenic material, etc. because of excellent properties. Precise control on steel composition and improvement of cleanliness are very important for commercial production of these steel grades. In this study, the effect of CaO–SiO2–Al2O3–MgO slag on solute elements and inclusions of Fe-xMn(x = 10, 20 mass pct) steel was studied and discussed. After slag/steel reaction, the concentration of Mn and S in steel reduced, while Si increased. Most MnO type inclusions, which were the main inclusions in master high manganese steel, transformed to MnO–SiO2 type and MnO–Al2O3–MgO type, with MnO–SiO2 sharing the majority. Thermodynamic analysis indicates that the change of solute elements and inclusions was mainly the result of reaction SiO2(s) + 2[Mn] = 2MnO(s) + [Si] between molten steel and top slag as well as slag desulphurization. Increase of oxygen potential of the reaction system would restrain the reaction. Because of the inclusion absorption by top slag, large sized inclusions decreased and steel cleanliness improved greatly after CaO–SiO2–Al2O3–MgO slag was added.

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Wang, Linzhu, Junqi Li, Shufeng Yang, Chaoyi Chen, Huixin Jin, Xiang Li, Changling Zhuang, and Jiantao Ju. "Industrial experiment study on inclusion evolution in 95CrMo Steel." Metallurgical Research & Technology 116, no. 5 (2019): 518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2019015.

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In order to clarify the evolution mechanism of inclusions in 95CrMo, the industrial experiments were conducted. The composition, morphology and size of inclusions during refining and solidifying processes were analyzed by SEM-EDS detection and thermodynamic calculations. The inclusion evolution during refining process in molten 95CrMo steel can be concluded as: Al2O3 → Al2O3-MgO-CaO/CaS → Al2O3-MgO-SiO2-CaO-CaS, which is affected by slag-metal reaction and corrosion of refractory. The change of inclusion size during refining was analyzed based on their collision and floatation behavior. The composition of inclusions in billets indicate that there were mainly five types of inclusions, including spinel with sharp angle, spherical oxide inclusion composed of Al2O3, MgO, SiO2 and CaO, oxide-sulfide inclusion with single phase, inclusion with duplex phase, and MnS inclusion. The type of inclusions affects their size. The thermodynamic results indicate that most complex oxides formed in molten steel and no spinel generated during cooling process. CaS formed in the molten steel after tundish metallurgy and there were still some CaS precipitated in solid steel. MnS precipitated after steel solidification. The calculated results based on FACTSAGE 7.1 are in agreement with experimental results on the whole.

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Li, Jian-chao, Qing Lü, Xiao-jie Liu, Shu-hui Zhang, and Dong-hui Liu. "Phosphorus capacity of CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-FexO slag." Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 22, no. 5 (May 2015): 377–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1006-706x(15)30015-7.

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49

Zhang, Guo-Hua, Kuo-Chih Chou, and Ken Mills. "Modelling Viscosities of CaO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2 Molten Slags." ISIJ International 52, no. 3 (2012): 355–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.52.355.

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50

Song, Minho, Qifeng Shu, and Du Sichen. "Viscosities of the Quaternary Al2O3-CaO-MgO-SiO2 Slags." steel research international 82, no. 3 (December 9, 2010): 260–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/srin.201000150.

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Journal articles on the topic 'CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO'

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