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Journal articles on the topic 'Caoutchouc'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 December 2024

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1

Egorov, Evgeny N., Nikolay I. Kol'tsov, and Nikolay F. Ushmarin. "TECHNOLOGICAL ADDITIVES FOR OIL AND PETROL RESISTANCE RUBBERS BASED ON BUTADIENE-NITRILE CAOUTCHOUCS." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 64, no. 6 (2021): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20216406.6169.

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The article investigated the influence of various technological additives (zincolet BB 222, lubstab-01 and MA-L22) on the technological properties of the rubber mixture, physical, mechanical and operational characteristics of rubber based on nitrile butadiene caoutchouc BNKS-40AMN. Basic rubber mixture studied included caoutchouc, BC-FF percadox, zinc monomethacrylate, maleide F, triallyl isocyanurate, acetonanil N, MGF-9 and THM-3 oligoester acrylates, carbon black P 514 and other ingredients. The rubber mixture was prepared on laboratory rolls LB 320 160/160 in two stages. At the first stage, BNKS-40AMN caoutchouc was mixed with ingredients and processing aids. As technological additives, zincolet BB 222, lubstab-01 and MA-L22 were used. In the second mixing step, BC-FF percadox and vulcanization coagents were introduced. For the obtained variants of the rubber mixture the vulcanization characteristics were studied on an MDR 3000 Basic rheometer at a temperature of 170 °C. The rubber mixture prepared was vulcanized in a P-V-100-3RT-2-PCD type vulcanizing press at 150 °C for 40 min. Determination of elastic-strength and operational properties of rubber were carried out according to the standards existing for the rubber industry. The oil resistance of the vulcanizates was evaluated by changing their elastic strength after exposure to standard liquid SZHR-1 at a temperature of 125 °C, as well as by changing the mass of the samples after exposure to a mixture of isooctane with toluene at room temperature. It was found that the introduction of technological additives in the rubber compound improves the distribution of carbon black P 514 and powdered ingredients (zinc monomethacrylate, maleide F, triallyl isocyanurate, acetonanil H) in the caoutchouc matrix. Increased elastic strength indicators and their smallest changes after exposure to aggressive hydrocarbon media is characterized a rubber containing technological additive MA-L22. A comparison of technological, elastic-strength properties and resistance to aggressive media for rubbers containing butadiene-nitrile caoutchoucs BNKS-18AMN, BNKS-28AMN and BNKS-40AMN with optimal technological additives for them was done. It has been established that rubber containing BNKS-40AMN and technological additive MA-L22 is characterized by improved vulcanization properties, increased elastic strength indicators and their smallest changes after exposure to aggressive hydrocarbon media.
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2

Sarkar, P. P., S. K. Ghosh, B. R. Gupta, and A. K. Bhowmick. "Etudes sur l'adhésion caoutchouc-tissu et caoutchouc-caoutchouc sur une bande de manutention réfractaire." International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives 9, no. 1 (1989): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0143-7496(89)90133-4.

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3

Evenson, Brian, and Eric Chevillard. "Le caoutchouc décidément." World Literature Today 67, no. 2 (1993): 322. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40149078.

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4

Bhowmick, A. K., P. Loha, and S. N. Chakravarty. "Etudes sur l'adhesion entre un caoutchouc naturel et un caoutchouc polybutadiène." International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives 9, no. 2 (1989): 66–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0143-7496(89)90019-5.

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5

Ushmarin, Nikolay F., Egor G. Efimovskii, Nina N. Petrova, Sergei I. Sandalov, and Nikolay I. Kol'tsov. "THE INFLUENCE OF POWDER SHUNGYTES ON PROPERTIES OF OIL-AND BENZO RESISTANT RUBBERS." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENIY KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 62, no. 1 (2018): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20196201.5760.

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In the article two rubber mixtures are studied: rubber 7NO-68-1SK based on a combination of butadiene-nitrile caoutchouc BNKS-18AMN with chloroprene caoutchouc neoprene W and rubber 81-453 based on a combination of butadiene-nitrile caoutchouc BNKS-40AMN, butadiene caoutchouc SKD, butadiene-methylstyrene caoutchouc SKMS-30 ARK and sevilene 11808-340. The purpose of the study was to improve the physical-mechanical and operational properties of both rubber mixtures by using fine powdered schungites Taurit TS-D, Psh-5 and PSH-20 in their composition. To assess the kinetics of vulcanization of rubber mixtures, the following were determined: the minimum and maximum torques; start time, optimum time, time achieving maximum vulcanization rate and maximum of vulcanization rate. To assess the physical-mechanical properties, we determined: the conditional tensile strength; elongation at break; hardness and relative residual deformation after compression. To evaluate the performance properties of rubbers, the following was determined: the change in the relative tensile strength; change in elongation at break and change in mass after aging of vulcanizates in a standard liquid SZHR-1, isooctane + toluene mixture, as well as in gasoline and industrial oil I-20A. It is shown that for the rubber mixture 7-NO-68-1SK a partial replacement of carbon blacks P 803 on the schungite PSH-5 in an amount of 15 parts by weight leads to an improvement in the rheometric parameters, physico-mechanical and operational properties of vulcanizates. For the rubber mixture 81-453, partial replacement of the persil 175 on shungite PSH-5 also allows improving the rheometric properties and increasing the physico-mechanical and operational parameters.
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6

Müller, Constanze, Markus Zaruba, Stefanie Gartenmann, Kathrin Lampe-Bless, and Patrick R. Schmidlin. "La technique zurichoise de tunnélisation." SWISS DENTAL JOURNAL SSO – Science and Clinical Topics 127, no. 10 (2017): 876–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.61872/sdj-2017-10-05.

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Cet article se focalise sur le traitement parodontal des atteintes de furcation des molaires. La décision thérapeutique est difficile car de nombreux facteurs doivent être pris en considération. L’objectif thérapeutique est de rétablir sans restriction le contrôle optimal de la plaque dans toutes les niches inaccessibles résultant de la perte d’attache au niveau de la furcation. La tunnélisation est l’une des options thérapeutiques possibles. Selon l’indication, elle est effectuée non chirurgicalement (scaling [surfaçage, détartrage ou curetage] fermé et lissage de la racine), ou chirurgicalement (scaling ouvert et lissage de la racine, ostéo et/ou odontoplastie). Ces méthodes de tunnélisation se caractérisent par le fait que les tissus mous et, le cas échéant, les tissus durs de la furcation sont ouverts, afin de la rendre accessible aux brossettes interdentaires. Pour ce faire, des ligatures en caoutchouc peuvent être utilisées comme moyen auxiliaire. Dans le cadre du traitement non chirurgical, ces ligatures en caoutchouc provoquent un déplacement des tissus mous au cours de l’interposition d’une durée de sept jours dans une atteinte de furcation de degré III. Dans le cadre de la tunnélisation chirurgicale, ces ligatures en caoutchouc peuvent être utilisées comme adjuvant pour maintenir la furcation ouverte pendant la phase de cicatrisation postopératoire. La systématisation des méthodes de tunnélisation utilisant ces ligatures en caoutchouc est décrite sur la base de quatre exemples cliniques, avec présentation des conclusions à tirer pour la pratique.
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7

Elyasi, Majid, Mohsen Ghafari, and Mohammad Bakhshi-Jooybari. "The Effects of Shape and Tool Material on Aluminum Sheet Spinning." Key Engineering Materials 611-612 (May 2014): 1116–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.611-612.1116.

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In this paper the effects of shape and tool material on the output parameters on spinning of aluminum sheets are investigated. To achieve this purpose, four kinds of roller tools with the same shapes and with different materials including mild steel, ertalon, polyamid and caoutchouc were used and some parts were spun by the same geometric form; moreover, in order to investigate the effects of roller nose radius on output parameters such as surface smoothness and thickness distribution, three caoutchouc roller tools with different nose radius were used at the same condition. The results show that using a caoutchouc roller tool for spinning of aluminum sheets leads to the best surface smoothness, while using a steel tool because of its roughness is not suitable. Ertalon and polyamid roller tool have a high rate of wearing. Furthermore, in the constant feedrate by increasing of roller nose radius the contact area between roller and workpiece is increased and surface smoothness is followed, relatedly.
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8

Danthu, Pascal, Herintsitohaina Razakamanarivo, Bernadette Deville-Danthu, Lala Razafy Fara, Yannick Le Roux, and Éric Penot. "THE SHORT AND FORGOTTEN HISTORY OF RUBBER IN MADAGASCAR: THE FIRST CONTROVERSY BETWEEN BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION AND NATURAL RESOURCE EXPLOITATION." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 328, no. 328 (2017): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2016.328.a31300.

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Madagascar fut entre 1891 et 1914 une zone de production de caoutchouc sylvestre destiné à l’exportation vers l’Europe. Le poids de Madagascar dans le commerce mondial resta toujours modeste, mais cette activité eut des conséquences écologiques importantes. De nombreuses espèces endé- miques furent exploitées, dans une optique de productivité immédiate et maximale sans prise en compte de notion de gestion durable. Cet épisode représentant l’un des premiers cas d’exploitation des ressources biologiques malgaches à des fins indus- trielles a été l’un des éléments déclencheurs de la prise de conscience de la valeur de la biodiversité malgache et des menaces induites par des activités humaines mal contrôlées. Il aboutit à la promulgation d’une législation très répressive et coerci- tive à l’endroit des populations locales dési- gnées comme principales responsables. Mais les naturalistes jugèrent les décisions politiques inefficaces. Ils développèrent alors un discours volontairement alarmiste et catastrophiste ayant pour but de faire réagir les politiques jugés trop laxistes. Dis- cours d’ailleurs pris à contre-pied lorsque l’effort de guerre relança la filière caout- chouc malgache entre 1942 et 1945. Cet épisode fut un élément déclencheur de la création, dès 1927, d’un réseau d’aires pro- tégées, faisant de Madagascar un pionnier en Afrique. Parallèlement la domestication des espèces caoutchoutières malgaches et/ ou l’introduction des espèces à fort poten- tiel furent promues. Cependant, l’émer- gence du caoutchouc issu de l’hévéaculture asiatique fit rapidement retomber l’intérêt commercial du caoutchouc malgache, épar- gnant ainsi les forêts de la Grande Île. Ainsi, c’est le réalisme économique qui condamna la filière devenue non rentable et assura la sauvegarde des espèces à caoutchouc mal- gaches plutôt que les discours des natura- listes, la création d’aires protégées ou la promulgation de textes répressifs.
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9

Industria, ART. "Un beau fleuve." Voix Plurielles 17, no. 1 (2020): 204–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.26522/vp.v17i1.2482.

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10

Ushmarin, N. F., E. N. Egorov, V. S. Grigor’ev, S. I. Sandalov, and N. I. Kol’tsov. "Influence of Chlorobutyl Caoutchouc on the Dynamic Properties of a Rubber Based on General-Purpose Caoutchoucs." Russian Journal of General Chemistry 92, no. 9 (2022): 1862–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1070363222090298.

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11

Abrukov, Viktor S., Konstantin V. Efimov, Nikolai A. Tarasov, and Nikolay I. Kol'tsov. "STUDY OF INFLUENCE OF STABILIZERS ON BURNING OF SILICONE RUBBER WITH HELP ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENIY KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 61, no. 1 (2017): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/tcct.20186101.5559.

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Silicone rubbers are used for manufacturing fireproof insulating sheaths for cables and high voltage insulators. Highly oil-resistant silicone rubber of brand IRP 1338 of JSC “Kazan plant of synthetic caoutchouc” production should be singled out among silicone rubbers. This rubber is made from synthetic caoutchouc SKTV and contains Aerosil A-300, titanium oxide, fumed silica U-333 curing agent Perkadox BC-FF and anti-structuring agent ND-8 - α,ω-polydimethyl-siloxanediol. Previously we investigated the kinetics of combustion process of this rubber containing anti-structuring agent ND-8 as well as Ca/Zn-stabilizer Kompanoks (2,6-bis((3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl)cyclohexane-1-one) and their combination which are used to enhance the thermal stability of the rubbers on the basis of carbon-chain caoutchoucs. In given paper using artificial neural networks (ANN) the computational multifactor model of combustion of rubber IRP 1338 has been obtained. The influence of selected stabilizers on the combustion rate of silicone rubber IRP 1338 has been studied. The combustion process was investigated by measuring at different points in time the relative height of the unburned portion of the rubber samples in the form of standard rectangular bars with a size of 10x2x2 mm. Combustion occurred under the action of the infrared beam (wavelength 10.6 μm) of laser LG-25 at three temperatures radiation (800, 900, 1000°C). As the main factors influencing the combustion of rubber, the laser radiation temperature was chosen, under which the forced combustion of rubber occurred. The nature of the stabilizers introduced into the rubber and the combustion temperature of the rubber was measured by a thermocouple placed on the surface of combustion rubber. The objective function of ANN-model was the relative height of the unburned portion of the rubber samples. Moreover, it was believed, the greater the relative height of the unburned portion of the rubber samples, the lower the burning rate and the higher the efficiency of the stabilizer. The received ANN-model has allowed to reveal three stages of combustion of rubber and to investigate features of influence of stabilizers on process of combustion. It was established that from the three stabilizers studied, the Ca/Zn stabilizer most effectively slows down the combustion of rubber due to the interaction of calcium oleates and zinc of this stabilizer with caoutchouc molecules. Thus, the possibility of increasing the fire resistance of rubber based on the silicone rubber SKTV by replacing the anti-structuring agent ND-8 on the Ca/Zn stabilizer has been established.Forcitation:Abrukov V.S., Efimov K.V., Tarasov N.A., Koltsov N.I. Study of influence of stabilizers on burning of silicone rubber with help artificial neural networks. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 1. P. 84-88
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12

Courty, Jean-Michel, and Édouard Kierlik. "Coup de chaleur sur le caoutchouc." Pour la Science N° 503 - septembre, no. 9 (2019): 88–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/pls.503.0088.

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13

Ovadia, Daniela. "L’illusion de la main en caoutchouc." Cerveau & Psycho N° 94, no. 11 (2017): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/cerpsy.094.0038.

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14

Carre, Alain, and Alan D. Roberts. "Formation et rupture d'interfaces caoutchouc/verre." Journal de Chimie Physique 83 (1986): 549–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jcp/1986830549.

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15

Quiroz, Lissell, and Irène Favier. "Années 1890. Le boom du caoutchouc." L'Histoire - Les Collections N° 92, no. 3 (2021): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/lhc.092.0062.

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16

Löwy, Michael. "Ökologie und Sozialismus – der Kampf von Chico Mendes." PROKLA. Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft 36, no. 143 (2006): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32387/prokla.v36i143.560.

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In his life-long fight the Brazilian caoutchouc worker Chico Mendes combined social and ecological claims. He successfully organised workers. In December 1988 he was murdered by order of the latifundistas.
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17

Egorov, Evgeniy N., Nikolay I. Kol'tsov, Nikolay F. Ushmarin, and Sergey I. Sandalov. "RESEARCH OF OPERATIONAL AND DYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF RUBBER FOR PRODUCTS WORKING IN SEA WATER." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 63, no. 11 (2020): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20206311.6307.

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The article studies the effect of trans-polynorbornene, general and special-purpose rubbers and fillers on the vulcanization characteristics of a rubber mixture, physical, mechanical, operational and dynamic properties of vulcanizates based on butadiene methylstyrene caoutchouc. The investigated model rubber mixture included SKMS-30ARK rubber, sulfur, 2,2'-dibenzthiazole disulfide, guanide F, zinc white, stearic acid, phenyl-2-naphthalamine, N-isopropyl-N'-phenyl-para-phenylenediamine, carbon blacks of grades P 514 and N 220, shungite powder and other ingredients. The rubber mixture was produced on laboratory rolls LB 320 160/160. The first (basic) version of the rubber mixture contained industrial oil I-12A as a softener. The second version of the mixture contained a modifying additive based on trans-polynorbornene and industrial oil I-12A. The third, fourth and fifth versions were prepared on the basis of a combination of rubbers SKMS-30ARK, SKN-4065 and BK-1675, including a modifying additive, as well as polyisobutylene P-118 and sevilen 11808-340. The vulcanization characteristics of the rubber mixture were studied on an MDR 3000 Basic rheometer at 150 °C for 30 min. To determine the physical and mechanical properties of rubber, standard samples of all variants of the rubber mixture were vulcanized at a temperature of 143 °C for 30 min in a vulcanization press of the P-V-100-3RT-2-PCD type. Studies of the physical, mechanical, operational and dynamic properties of rubber were carried out in accordance with the existing standards for the rubber industry. It is shown that vulcanizates containing a modifying additive have lower values of conventional tensile strength, hardness and tear resistance compared to vulcanizate of the base version of the rubber mixture and are characterized by increased dynamic and performance properties. Rubber containing a combination of butadiene-nitrile, butadiene-methylstyrene caoutchoucs and butyl caoutchouc, 10.0 mass parts sevilen 11808-340, 20.0 mass parts of trans-polynorbornene composed of in the modifying additive and 55.0 mass parts of carbon black P 324, possesses improved physical, mechanical and dynamic properties, as well as high resistance in sea water.
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18

van Ham, Peter. "The EU’s ‘Caoutchouc’ Strategy: Something for Everyone." International Spectator 51, no. 3 (2016): 22–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03932729.2016.1217593.

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19

Schultes, Richard Evans. "Le caoutchouc naturel: Biologie, culture et production." Economic Botany 41, no. 1 (1987): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02859339.

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20

Labeÿ, Robert. "Christophe Colomb, le caoutchouc et les tétines." Revue d'histoire de la pharmacie 82, no. 300 (1994): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/pharm.1994.3819.

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21

Culshaw, D. "Des voies en caoutchouc pour la traction." Journal of Terramechanics 25, no. 1 (1988): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-4898(88)90067-5.

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22

Pucciarello, R., N. Bianchi, R. Braglia, and F. Garbassi. "Morphologie des adhésifs acryliques modifiés au caoutchouc." International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives 9, no. 2 (1989): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0143-7496(89)90016-x.

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23

Jongrungrot, Vichot, Somyot Thungwa, and Didier Snoeck. "Tree-crop diversification in rubber plantations to diversify sources of income for small-scale rubber farmers in Southern Thailand." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 321, no. 321 (2014): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2014.321.a31214.

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Le caoutchouc est une culture de rente importante pour la plupart des petits agri- culteurs. En Thaïlande, plus de 95 % du caoutchouc est produit par les petits agri- culteurs qui cultivent principalement l’hé- véa en monoculture (90 % des planta- tions). Mais du fait de la fluctuation des prix, la monoculture est de plus en plus souvent remplacée par des systèmes agroforestiers à base d’hévéa (SAF- hévéa). Cette étude a pour objectif d’éva- luer les principales trajectoires des agri- culteurs qui passent de la monoculture au SAF-hévéa. Les résultats montrent qu’ils suivent quatre trajectoires : conversion de leur verger de fruitiers en SAF-hévéa ; conversion de leur parcelle forestière en SAF-hévéa ; conversion de leur monocul- ture d’hévéa en SAF-hévéa ; création d’un SAF-hévéa dès la plantation. Il est égale- ment constaté que les planteurs prati- quent sept types d’association en fonc- tion de l’utilisation économique des arbres intercalaires. L’étude économique a été complétée par une analyse SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) pour élaborer des lignes directrices qui permettront d’améliorer les plantations à base d’hévéa.
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24

Thoveron, Gabriel. "Le journal des voyages au pays du caoutchouc rouge." Civilisations, no. 41 (September 1, 1993): 279–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/civilisations.1712.

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25

Olivier, S. C. J. "Sur la Formule de Constitution du Caoutchouc D'Après Harries." Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas 40, no. 11 (2010): 665–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/recl.19210401102.

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26

Tertuliano, M., and B. Le Rü. "Resistance of different host plants and cultivars of cassava to the mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti: Effect of infestation on leaf extract composition." Insect Science and Its Application 16, no. 1 (1995): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742758400018348.

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AbstractThe effect of a 2-month infestation by the cassava mealybug (Phenacoccus manihoti Mat. Ferr.) on the metabolism of nitrogen (amino acids) and carbon (carbohydrates), leaf area and total dry weight of five cassava varieties (Manihot esculenta Crantz), faux-caoutchouc (a hybrid of M. esculenta and M. glaziovii Muell, Arg.), poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Wild) and talinum (Talinum triangulare Jack) was studied. Free amino acid and free sugar contents as well as relative free amino acid composition in the leaf extracts, although found to be very different from one plant to another, were not significantly modified by P. manihoti infestation, except for the total amino acid contents of the cassava variety 30M7. Variations in one particular amino acid induced by mealybug infestation were not linked to the antibiotic resistance of these plants. Infestation by the cassava mealybug did not modify the total dry weight but reduced the total leaf area although this reduction was only significant in cassava varieties 59M2, 30M7 and M'pembe, and in faux-caoutchouc. Within the genus Manihot, the reduction in leaf area was strongly correlated (r= -0.878, P≤0.05) to the degree of antibiotic resistance and was coupled to an increase in the ratio of sugars to amino acids, suggesting a similarity between the effects of water stress and those of mealybug infestation.
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27

Yildirim, Ayhan, Heinz-Theo Lübbers, and Vedat Yildirim. "Obturation du canal radiculaire à la gutta-percha." SWISS DENTAL JOURNAL SSO – Science and Clinical Topics 126, no. 2 (2016): 150–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.61872/sdj-2016-02-06.

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La gutta-percha est un produit naturel chimiquement apparenté au caoutchouc, issu du latex d’arbres de la famille des sapotacées (en particulier Palaquium gutta), que l’on trouve notamment en Malaisie et dans d’autres pays avoisinants. A température ambiante, la gutta-percha est assez dure et donc peu élastique; lorsqu’elle est chauffée, elle devient malléable et moulable à partir de 50 °C. En médecine dentaire, la gutta-percha est principalement utilisée comme matériau d’obturation des canaux radiculaires.
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28

Tolkach, Pavel G., Vadim A. Basharin, Yurii V. Shilov, Arkadii V. Yazenok, Alexandr E. Antushevich, and Gennadii G. Zagorodnikov. "Toxicological and hygienic assessment of modern thermo-insulating polymer materials during thermal exposure." Hygiene and sanitation 102, no. 7 (2023): 726–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-7-726-731.

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Introduction. Polyethylene and synthetic foam caoutchouc are used for thermal insulation of communications, at temperatures not exceeding 90 °C and 105 °C, respectively. Data on how these materials will behave in the appropriate temperature conditions was not be found. 
 The purpose of the study was to conduct a toxicological and hygienic assessment of products made of polyethylene foam and synthetic foam rubber under thermal exposure.
 Materials and methods. The thermal effect on the studied samples was modelled in a climate chamber. The time interval during the mass loss of the samples was determined, a sanitary and chemical study of the gas-air mixture in the climatic chamber was carried out. To conduct a toxicological and hygienic study in animals, a swim-escape conditioned active avoidance response was developed.
 Results. Under thermal (90 °C) exposure for 72 hours to polyethylene tube, a loss of 0.77% of the initial mass of the sample occurs. Thermal exposure (105 °C) to synthetic foam caoutchouc resulted in a loss of 15.3% of the initial mass of the sample for 108 hours, while pronounced changes in the appearance of the samples were determined. When conducting a sanitary and chemical study in the climate chamber, an increase in the concentration of carbon monoxide was determined after 12, 24, and 72 hours and hydrogen chloride after 12 and 24 hours following the onset of thermal exposure compared with the values of their average daily maximum permissible concentration. Thermal exposure to the sample and synthetic foam caoutchouc led to an increase in the concentration of ammonia, carbon monoxide and hydrogen chloride 12 and 24 hours after the start of exposure compared with the average daily maximum permissible concentration. During the toxicological and hygienic study, animals exposed to thermal degradation products of the materials under study were revealed to show learning disabilities.
 Limitations. They are conditioned by the methodology of the study. A quantitative analysis of some gaseous thermal degradation products released into the climate chamber was performed, without taking into account the aerosols formed.
 Conclusion. Thermal insulation materials made of synthetic foam rubber and polyethylene foam lose their structural properties when they are operated in the maximum permissible temperature conditions (105 °C and 90 °C, respectively). When they are used in appropriate temperature conditions, the formation of toxic products occurs, the inhalation effect of which leads to a disturbances of the learning ability in laboratory animals.
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29

Clarence-Smith, William G. "Grands et petits planteurs de caoutchouc en Afrique (1934-1973)." Économie rurale, no. 330-331 (July 30, 2012): 88–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/economierurale.3506.

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30

Liptay, G., J. Nagy, J. Ch Weis, and A. Borbély-Kuszmann. "Thermoanalytical investigations of silicone caoutchouc polymers and silicone rubbers, I." Journal of Thermal Analysis 32, no. 5 (1987): 1421–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01913343.

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31

Liptay, G., J. Nagy, A. Borbély-Kuszmann, and J. Ch Weis. "Thermal analysis of silicone caoutchouc polymers and silicone rubbers, II." Journal of Thermal Analysis 32, no. 6 (1987): 1683–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01913946.

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32

Tjell, Mette. "Le manifeste sous l’emprise de la fiction." Études littéraires 44, no. 3 (2014): 95–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1025483ar.

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L’article interrogera l’usage des codes du genre manifestaire dans deux fictions contemporaines françaises, Le Caoutchouc décidément d’Éric Chevillard (1992) et Le Post-exotisme en dix leçons, leçon onze d’Antoine Volodine (1998). Si, dans le cadre fictionnel, le discours manifestaire semble replié sur lui-même et n’avoir qu’une portée limitée, on montrera, à travers une analyse textuelle croisée, que ce procédé auto-représentatif et auto-théorisant implique dans ces fictions un nouveau type de discours légitimant : en effet, les auteurs y « proclament » une esthétique qui définit leur projet d’écriture, tout en se construisant une position singulière dans l’espace littéraire.
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33

Fabre, Antoine, and Pierre Labardin. "Les sociétés concessionnaires françaises et le secret des affaires : le cas de l’Afrique-Équatoriale française lors de la crise du caoutchouc de 1913." Histoire & mesure XXXIX, no. 1 (2024): 19–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/12ht6.

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Le secret des affaires constitue une des caractéristiques principales du capitalisme de la seconde révolution industrielle. La diffusion des informations comptables était limitée au minimum légal. L’étude des sociétés concessionnaires de l’Afrique-Équatoriale française conduit cependant à un constat inverse, puisque les informations comptables relatives au prix de revient étaient largement diffusées. Nous cherchons à comprendre les raisons de ce paradoxe apparent en étudiant les discours produits par les sociétés concessionnaires, en nous concentrant sur un épisode révélateur, la crise du caoutchouc de 1913. Cette réflexion permet alors de caractériser les spécificités du contexte colonial et la différence avec le capitalisme métropolitain.
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34

Mouafo, Dieudonné, and Dieudonne Mouafo. "La production camerounaise de caoutchouc naturel: Evolution et perspectives de commercialisation." Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines 26, no. 1 (1992): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/485404.

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35

Васин, А. А., and A. A. Vasin. "Mathematical modeling of biochemical reactions on the example of caoutchouc biosynthesis." Mathematical Biology and Bioinformatics 1, no. 1 (2006): 41–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17537/2006.1.41.

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36

Mouafo, Dieudonné. "La production camerounaise de caoutchouc naturel: Evolution et perspectives de commercialisation." Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue canadienne des études africaines 26, no. 1 (1992): 92–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00083968.1992.10804279.

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37

Roessner, Damien, Jean-Yves Drevan, Jacques Guillet, and Jean-François Osselin. "Caractérisation en traction de l'assemblage de composite caoutchouc à renfort textile." Revue des composites et des matériaux avancés 21, no. 1 (2011): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/rcma.21.57-67.

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38

Dumond, Lionel. "Un cas de modernisation industrielle précoce : l'industrie française du caoutchouc (1880-1970)." Histoire, économie et société 17, no. 1 (1998): 83–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/hes.1998.1975.

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39

Delarue, Jocelyne, and Bénédicte Chambon. "La Thaïlande : premier exportateur de caoutchouc naturel grâce à ses agriculteurs familiaux." Économie rurale, no. 330-331 (July 30, 2012): 191–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/economierurale.3571.

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40

Koerner, Francis. "Le contrôle de l'industrie française du caoutchouc par l'Allemagne nazie (1940-1944)." Guerres mondiales et conflits contemporains 240, no. 4 (2010): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/gmcc.240.0043.

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41

Ushmarin, Nikolay F., Evgeny N. Egorov, and Nikolay I. Kol'tsov. "The study of the possibility of using domestic burnt magnesia in oil and petrol resistant rubber." Butlerov Communications 59, no. 7 (2019): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-59-7-63.

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The article examines the oil-and-petrol resistant rubber mixture of type 7NO-68-1SK based on the combination of BNKS-18AMN grade butadiene-caoutchouc with polychloroprene caoutchouc of brand neoprene W. The effect of replacing imported burnt magnesia brand Remag AC on domestic burnt magnesia technical grade B on the properties of the rubber compound and vulcanizate was studied. The rubber mixture was prepared on a laboratory roll mill LB 320 160/160, and then its standard samples were vulcanized at 150 °C for 30 minutes in a two-story electrically heated press of the VP 400-2E brand. To establish the plasto-elastic properties of rubber mixture on the Mooney viscometer, MV 3000 was determined: the start time of the vulcanization, the time to reach the vulcanization mode, the initial maximum viscosity. To assess the kinetics of vulcanization of the rubber mixture on the rheometer MDR 3000 was determined: the start time of vulcanization, the time to reach the optimum vulcanization, the maximum torque. To assess the physicomechanical properties of rubber, the following were determined: conditional tensile strength; elongation at break; hardness; tear resistance and relative residual deformation under compression in accordance with the standards in force in the rubber industry. To assess the performance properties of rubber, changes in its mass were determined after aging in a mixture of isooctane + toluene, as well as standard liquid SJR–1. It has been shown that the introduction of burnt magnesia technical grade B into the rubber mixture does not lead to technological complications, magnesia is well distributed in the rubber matrix, and the magnesia agglomerates were not found on the rubber mixture sections. Replacement magnesium oxide m. Remag AC on burnt magnesia technical grade B has an impact on the plasto-elastic and rheometric properties of the rubber mixture. However of physicomechanical and operational properties vulcanizates of rubber mixture containing magnesium oxide m. Remag AC and burnt magnesiatechnical grade B, have almost the same values.
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42

Valantin, Chloé, Florian Lacroix, Eloi Dion, Clémence Fradet, Firas Eradi, and Eric Le Bourhis. "Apport de la nanoindentation à l’étude des propriétés mécaniques d’une interface textile/caoutchouc." Matériaux & Techniques 103, no. 6 (2015): 608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/mattech/2015046.

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43

El Hamdaoui, Azeddine, Danièle Reyx, Irène Campistron, and Souad Fkih Tétouani. "Effet d’extrémité de chaı̂ne dans l’oxydation du caoutchouc naturel accélérée par la phénylhydrazine." European Polymer Journal 35, no. 12 (1999): 2165–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0014-3057(99)00014-2.

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44

Akhund-zade, Kh. "Veterinary Research Institute, Baku." Bulletin of Science and Practice 10, no. 3 (2024): 206–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/100/30.

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A clinical examination of the hooves of 64 heads of cows was carried out in the livestock farms of the Masalli district of Azerbaijan. In 24.4% animals, pododermatitis with an inflammatory process (abscess) was detected in the forelimb. After fixing the sick animals, it hoof is opened and cleaned of purulent exudate and necrotic tissue. The wound area is washed with a solution of hydrogen peroxide and a tight bandage with white naphthalan oil and xeroform is applied. Attached from the plantar side to the treated left side of the hoof soft material made of caoutchouc and the cow hoof boot is put on. As a result of the studies, on the 8-10th day of treatment in animals, complete healing and recovery of the diseased hoof are observed.
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45

Coquery-Vidrovitch, Catherine. "Afrique noire : de la colonisation à la recolonisation ?" Économie appliquée 55, no. 2 (2002): 207–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ecoap.2002.3076.

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La mondialisation a en Afrique une longue histoire, qui précède non seulement l'époque actuelle, mais l’ère coloniale antérieure. Les analogies sont multiples et les corollaires évidents. L’Afrique fut d’abord marché mondial des esclaves, du monde atlantique à celui de l’Océan indien. A la suite de la Révolution industrielle, elle devint au XIXe siècle un producteur recherché de matières premières agricoles (ivoire, oléagineux, bois tropicaux, caoutchouc ). L’autocratie coloniale en fit un marché renouvelé d’exploitation, notamment minier. Le «néo-colonialisme » qui lui succéda ouvrit le continent à la multilatéralité des échanges. Bref, la globalisation actuelle apparaît comme une variante plutôt qu ’une nouveauté. Tout au long de ces processus, l’Afrique a été soumise aux exigences d’un marché mondial qui lui échappait. On ne peut donc que comprendre certaines raisons de la crise actuelle et s’étonner de la vitalité actuelle du continent.
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46

Zakharov, V. P., V. Z. Mingaleev, E. M. Zakharova, I. Sh Nasyrov, D. A. Zhavoronkov, and V. Yu Faizova. "Preparation of an adhesion-reducing agent for synthetic caoutchouc in a tubular turbulent apparatus." Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry 87, no. 1 (2014): 114–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1070427214010170.

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47

Emelianov, Y. V. "Compositions epoxy-phénol-caoutchouc pour la protection de la surface intérieure de l’équipement chimique." Matériaux & Techniques 80, no. 9-10 (1992): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/mattech/199280090045.

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48

Laaroussi, Rania, Jihen Hsinet, Saloua Ismail, et al. "Eczéma de contact allergique professionnel aux additifs de caoutchouc (À propos de 49 cas)." Archives des Maladies Professionnelles et de l'Environnement 81, no. 5 (2020): 507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.admp.2020.03.229.

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49

Le Cam, Jean-Benoît, Franck Pérocheau, Bertrand Huneau, Erwan Verron, and Laurent Gornet. "Importance de la cavitation lors de la fissuration en fatigue du caoutchouc naturel chargé." Mécanique & Industries 7, no. 2 (2006): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/meca:2006026.

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50

Sharma, Nabanita. "Commodities trade, river transport and colonialism: The Brahmaputra river valley in the nineteenth century." Indian Economic & Social History Review 59, no. 1 (2021): 75–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00194646211065355.

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The article seeks to show how Assam’s riverine environment, and its natural resources, generated and inflected a process of commercialisation in the nineteenth century. Historically, present-day Assam was connected to the rest of the world through the Brahmaputra river and its tributaries. In the early decades of colonial rule, plants such as caoutchouc and tea were discovered in the valley. These developments, together with transportation networks built with state and private capital, heralded a new phase of commerce in the region. A rich scholarship in South Asian history has shown how the river played a crucial role in the economic changes in different regions. The article belongs in that scholarship but stresses the role of the river as an artery of transportation rather than as an agricultural resource. The river system facilitated Assam’s closer integration with the world economy and the colonial regime.
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