Books: 'Capability theory'

1

Kotz, Samuel. Process capability indices in theory and practice. Arnold, 1998.

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2

Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad., ed. A unified theory of capability building: Need and response. Indian Institute of Management, 2008.

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3

Khaled, El Emam, Drouin Jean-Normand, and Melo Walcélio, eds. SPICE: The theory and practice of software process improvement and capability determination. IEEE Computer Society Press, 1998.

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4

W, Norbury John, and Langley Research Center, eds. Binomial test method for determining probability of detection capability for fracture critical applications. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 2011.

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5

NASA Dryden Flight Research Center., ed. Production support flight control computers: Research capability for F/A-18 aircraft at Dryden Flight Research Center. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Dryden Flight Research Center, 1997.

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6

Baybakova, Larisa. In search of a modern concept of US foreign policy of the late XIX-early XX century. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1071748.

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The monograph of the Russian American historian is devoted to a number of conceptual problems of US foreign policy in the period of early globalization (late XIX-early XX century). The significance of the socio-economic factor is reinterpreted from the standpoint of modern theory and methodology; the role of the ideology used by the political elite to justify American expansion is traced. New interpretations of the causes and consequences of the Spanish-American war of 1898 are given: for the first time, the place of the "yellow" press in inciting anti-Spanish sentiment among ordinary Americans is shown in detail as one of the first manifestations of successful manipulation of public opinion; the level of combat capability of the American army, which achieved victory over a weaker enemy, but was unprepared to conduct an armed struggle for achieving geopolitical interests with leading European powers, is critically assessed. The archival material, first introduced into scientific circulation, traces the mediation activities of President Roosevelt As the first successful experience in the peaceful settlement of regional conflicts, and also shows the search by top officials for a new world order under the auspices of the United States, with an emphasis on the use of the principles of international arbitration. It is addressed to researchers, teachers, and students interested in the history of the United States.

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7

Gangas, Spiros. Sociological Theory and the Capability Approach. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

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8

Tiwari, Meera, and Solava Ibrahim. Capability Approach: From Theory to Practice. Palgrave Macmillan, 2014.

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9

Ibrahim, S., and M. Tiwari. Capability Approach: From Theory to Practice. Palgrave Macmillan, 2014.

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10

Gangas, Spiros. Sociological Theory and the Capability Approach. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

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11

Gangas, Spiros. Sociological Theory and the Capability Approach. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

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12

Gangas, Spiros. Sociological Theory and the Capability Approach. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

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13

process capability indicess theory and practice. amzona, 1998.

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14

Gangas, Spyros. Sociological Theory and the Capability Approach. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.

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15

Gangas, Spiros. Sociological Theory and the Capability Approach. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

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16

The Capability Approach: From Theory to Practice. Palgrave Macmillan, 2014.

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17

Tiwari, Meera, and Solava Ibrahim. The Capability Approach: From Theory to Practice. Palgrave Macmillan, 2014.

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18

Medvedev, Sergei A. Offense-Defense Theory Analysis of Russian Cyber Capability. Independently Published, 2019.

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19

Robeyns, Ingrid. The Capability Approach. Edited by Serena Olsaretti. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199645121.013.5.

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This chapter analyzes the contribution of the capability approach to the literature on distributive justice. The capability approach in itself does not provide a full theory of distributive justice, but rather argues that the metric of distributive justice should be functionings and/or capabilities. The chapter critically analyzes various issues that need addressing when we adopt this metric, such as the questions of which capabilities should be selected, and how they should be aggregated in order to make interpersonal comparisons of advantage. Comparisons with other metrics of justice are also discussed, such as Rawls’s social primary goods and welfarist metrics. The chapter concludes by arguing that we should think of the capability approach to justice as a family of theories, and describes which theoretical modules are needed for a full capabilitarian theory of justice.

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20

Financial Capability and Asset Building in Vulnerable Households: Theory and Practice. Oxford University Press, Incorporated, 2018.

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21

SPICE: The Theory and Practice of Software Process Improvement and Capability Determination. Wiley-IEEE Computer Society Pr, 1997.

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22

Analysis of Effectiveness of CEC (Cooperative Engagement Capability) Using Schutzer's C2 Theory. Storming Media, 2003.

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23

Langille, Brian, ed. The Capability Approach to Labour Law. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198836087.001.0001.

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In this volume, leading scholars of both labour law and the Capability Approach (CA) explore the possible connections between their disciplines. Accounts of the CA—particularly those of Martha C. Nussbaum and Amartya Sen—do not specifically address labour law, but the CA is attractive to labour lawyers and scholars examining the foundations of their discipline. The questions being asked are whether the CA has anything to offer labour law, and if it does, what forms might this offering take? And, conversely, what light labour law might shine on the CA? In addressing these questions, the chapters in Part I inquire into the nature of the relationship between the CA and labour law—whether it is positive or negative and whether the CA can provide a normative basis for, or an understanding of, labour law. The chapters in Part II explore the CA/labour law debate through different and well-known perspectives on labour law, including economics, history, critical theory, restorative justice, and human rights. The final set of chapters examine the possible relevance of the CA to a range of specific labour law issues, such as freedom of association, age discrimination in the workplace, trade, employment policy, and sweatshop goods. As with this set of specific issues, the book as a whole is not meant to be an exhaustive account of the CA/labour law connection. Rather, it is offered as a first focused effort to open up the discussion and to stimulate further inquiry in this interdisciplinary enterprise.

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24

Centering Theory in Contrast to the Demonstrative Description's Capability of Ensuring Referential Continuity by Breaking It. GRIN Verlag GmbH, 2018.

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25

Claassen, Rutger. A capability framework for financial market regulation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198755661.003.0003.

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This chapter is about normative justifications for regulating markets. In leading handbooks as well as in the academic literature, a split is often made between economic justifications (based on the theory of market failure) and social justifications (mainly around considerations of paternalism and distributive justice). The chapter questions this dichotomy and calls for the development of an ethically coherent framework for market regulation. To do so, the chapter proposes to build on the capability approach, first developed by economist Amartya Sen and philosopher Martha Nussbaum. A capability approach to regulation would hold that markets should be regulated to the extent necessary for realizing a set of basic capabilities. The chapter discusses existing applications to property law and contract law and extends them into the outlines of a general theory of regulation. The final part illustrates the promises of such an approach with respect to the regulation of financial markets.

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26

Horing, Norman J. Morgenstern. Quantum Statistical Field Theory. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198791942.001.0001.

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The methods of coupled quantum field theory, which had great initial success in relativistic elementary particle physics and have subsequently played a major role in the extensive development of non-relativistic quantum many-particle theory and condensed matter physics, are at the core of this book. As an introduction to the subject, this presentation is intended to facilitate delivery of the material in an easily digestible form to students at a relatively early stage of their scientific development, specifically advanced undergraduates (rather than second or third year graduate students), who are mathematically strong physics majors. The mechanism to accomplish this is the early introduction of variational calculus with particle sources and the Schwinger Action Principle, accompanied by Green’s functions, and, in addition, a brief derivation of quantum mechanical ensemble theory introducing statistical thermodynamics. Important achievements of the theory in condensed matter and quantum statistical physics are reviewed in detail to help develop research capability. These include the derivation of coupled field Green’s function equations of motion for a model electron-hole-phonon system, extensive discussions of retarded, thermodynamic and non-equilibrium Green’s functions, and their associated spectral representations and approximation procedures. Phenomenology emerging in these discussions includes quantum plasma dynamic, nonlocal screening, plasmons, polaritons, linear electromagnetic response, excitons, polarons, phonons, magnetic Landau quantization, van der Waals interactions, chemisorption, etc. Considerable attention is also given to low-dimensional and nanostructured systems, including quantum wells, wires, dots and superlattices, as well as materials having exceptional conduction properties such as superconductors, superfluids and graphene.

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27

Boyadjieva, Pepka, and Petya Ilieva-Trichkova. Adult Education As Empowerment: Re-Imagining Lifelong Learning Through the Capability Approach, Recognition Theory and Common Goods Perspective. Springer International Publishing AG, 2021.

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28

Boyadjieva, Pepka, and Petya Ilieva-Trichkova. Adult Education As Empowerment: Re-Imagining Lifelong Learning Through the Capability Approach, Recognition Theory and Common Goods Perspective. Springer International Publishing AG, 2022.

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29

Chalabi, Azadeh. Towards a General Theory of Human Rights Planning. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198822844.003.0003.

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Part I, ‘Theoretical Perspectives’, which is structured in two chapters (Chapters 1 and 2), develops a new general theory of human rights planning including four sub-theories. The first sub-theory, contextual theory, is presented in Chapter 1. Chapter 2 is dedicated to the other three sub-theories. The first two sections propose the substantive and procedural sub-theories of human rights planning. Whereas the substantive theory of human rights planning provides the knowledge base to inform the content of planning, procedural sub-theory offers procedural principles for the formation, implementation, and assessment of human rights planning. The last section of Chapter 2 builds up a new analytical sub-theory of human rights planning through positive critique of the three major theories of rights, namely the interest theory, the need-based approach, and the capability approach. This analytical theory performs an heuristic role for human rights planning.

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30

(Editor), Johannes Köper, and Hans J. Zaremba (Editor), eds. Quality Management and Qualification Needs 2: Towards Quality Capability of Companies and Employees in Europe. Physica-Verlag Heidelberg, 2000.

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31

Hick, Rod, and Tania Burchardt. Capability Deprivation. Edited by David Brady and Linda M. Burton. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199914050.013.5.

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This article examines capability deprivation as the basis for analyzing poverty. The capability approach, developed initially by Amartya Sen, questions the “informational space” on which considerations of poverty, inequality, justice, and so forth, should be based. According to the capability approach, the appropriate “space” for analyzing poverty is not what people have, nor how they feel, but what they can do and be. After providing an overview of the concepts that comprise the capability approach, this article discusses three key questions within the literature regarding the nature of the approach, namely: the question of functioning and/or capabilities, the question of a capability list, and the question of aggregation. It also describes some prominent empirical applications that have been inspired by the capability approach and concludes with an assessment of the current state-of-the-art literature on the capability approach.

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32

Prah Ruger, Jennifer. Global Health Justice and Governance. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199694631.001.0001.

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Critical and dangerous threats imperil global health. Serious health disparities, hazardous contagions that can circle our globalized planet in hours, a bewildering confusion of health actors and systems all combine in a kaleidoscopically fragmented, incoherent, and unjust global health enterprise. While a growing body of work in global justice and international relations explores moral issues and global governance, very little of it has linked principles of global health justice to governance to create a theory of global health. But the dangers confronting the world make a theoretical framework essential, to enable analysis of the current system and to ground proposals to reform it and align it with moral values. This book presents a global justice theory—provincial globalism (PG)—and links it with the theory of shared health governance (SHG) to offer an alternative to the prevailing modus operandi, which has manifestly failed to serve global health. The PG/SHG framework advances health capability, and specifically the capability to avoid premature death and preventable morbidity, as the proper goal of health systems and policy. This framework sees human flourishing as global society’s end goal and proposes an ethical demand for health equity as the criterion for evaluating global health policy and law. It examines the current actors in global health, assessing their strengths and weaknesses, and proposes assigning responsibilities to actors at all levels according to their functions and capabilities.

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33

Levy, Brian, Robert Cameron, and Vinothan Naidoo. Context and Capability. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824053.003.0007.

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This chapter explores how context influences bureaucracy. Bureaucratic behaviour and performance are interpreted as endogenous, shaped by decisions of political elites as to whether to direct their efforts towards providing public services or towards more narrowly political or private purposes. The chapter distinguishes among three broad contextual differences between the Western Cape and Eastern Cape—socio-economic, political, and institutional. It identifies the causal mechanisms through which these variables exert their influence, distinguishing between demand-side and supply-side influences. In the Eastern Cape, the consequence of an initially weak context is a low-level equilibrium trap in which incentives transmitted from the political to the bureaucratic levels reinforce factionalized loyalty within multiple patronage networks. By contrast, in the Western Cape, both demand-side and supply-side contextual variables support public service provision; however, weaknesses in ‘soft governance’ limit the positive impact.

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34

Kuenzler, Adrian. Fashioning Consumer Cognitive Capability. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190698577.003.0005.

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This chapter moves beyond the existing contradictions in the accepted market regulatory approach to demonstrate that markets should often be seen in terms of their ability to yield cognitive capability. Particularly, the cognitive psychological research convincingly shows that there is room for manipulation of consumer preferences by product manufacturers and sellers, which may have adverse effects on consumer sovereignty and the establishment of market equilibria based on what consumers value, because exogenous consumer preferences no longer interact with technologies and initial endowments to generate corresponding equilibrium prices and production levels. Based on insights gained by Friedrich August von Hayek about the workings of the competitive process, this chapter reconceptualizes the notion of consumer sovereignty and explains how an increased promotion of intratype competition can help consumers to arrive at less biased decisions.

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35

Somanathan, T. V., and Gulzar Natarajan. State Capability in India. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192856616.001.0001.

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This book seeks to assess state capability in India, identify weaknesses and their causes, and then propose measures to remedy them while recognizing political economy constraints. It examines the capability of public systems to design effective policies and implement them, with particular emphasis on India. Its focus is predominantly on the administrative contributors to state capability deficiencies. It straddles the fine line between analytical research scholarship and an ethnographic account of actors, processes, and institutions within different levels of government. Being participants and observers in the bureaucratic system, the authors describe reality without always seeking to locate it in the framework of existing academic literature.

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36

Bengtsson, Maria, and Tatbeeq Raza-Ullah. Paradox at an Inter-Firm Level. Edited by Wendy K. Smith, Marianne W. Lewis, Paula Jarzabkowski, and Ann Langley. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198754428.013.16.

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This chapter focuses on coopetition (i.e., simultaneous pursuit of cooperation and competition between firms) as a manifestation of paradox at an inter-firm level, and develops a nuanced understanding of the resulting paradoxical tension by bringing its micro-foundations into focus. The authors suggest that unlike the paradox that manifests at the inter-firm level (or organizational level), tension is experienced by individual actors, and comprises ambivalent cognitions, emotions, and their interplay. The authors further suggest that paradoxical tension is most productive when maintained at a moderate level, and for that firms need to develop a multilevel operating capability. The suggested theory provides novel and useful insights to advance the research on paradoxes at inter-firm and organizational levels.

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37

Andrews, Matt. How Do Governments Build Capabilities to Do Great Things? Edited by Carol Lancaster and Nicolas van de Walle. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199845156.013.34.

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Governments can play great roles, resolving festering problems and opening new pathways for progress. Examples are numerous and raise an important question: How do governments build the capabilities required to do great things? This chapter identifies ten cases of such governments to answer four dimensions of this question: how do governments to ramp up their capability? Who leads these interventions ?, When do they occur, and why? How changes implemented to ensure they yield sustainable results? The chapter suggests two sets of answers to these concerns, combining rival theories that explain how governments enhance capabilities and strengthen their role: “solution- and leader-driven change” (SLDC) and “problem-driven iterative adaptation” (PDIA). It proposes using these two theories in future research about how governments foster the kinds of achievements one could call great and argues this research should employ a version of theory-guided process tracking (TGPT) called systematic process analysis.

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38

Kroenig, Matthew. The Logic of American Nuclear Strategy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190849184.001.0001.

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What kind of nuclear strategy and posture does the United States need to defend itself and its allies? According to conventional wisdom, the answer to this question is straightforward: the United States needs the ability to absorb an enemy nuclear attack and respond with a devastating nuclear counterattack. These arguments are logical and persuasive, but, when compared to the empirical record, they raise an important puzzle. Empirically, we see that the United States has consistently maintained a nuclear posture that is much more robust than a mere second-strike capability. How do we make sense of this contradiction? Scholarly deterrence theory, including Robert Jervis’s seminal book, The Illogic of American Nuclear Strategy, argues that the explanation is simple—policymakers are wrong. This book takes a different approach. Rather than dismiss it as illogical, it explains the logic of American nuclear strategy. It argues that military nuclear advantages above and beyond a secure, second-strike capability can contribute to a state’s national security goals. This is primarily because nuclear advantages reduce a state’s expected cost of nuclear war, increasing its resolve, providing it with coercive bargaining leverage, and enhancing nuclear deterrence. This book provides the first theoretical explanation for why military nuclear advantages translate into geopolitical advantages. In so doing, it resolves one of the most intractable puzzles in international security studies. The book also explains why, in a world of growing dangers, the United States must possess, as President Donald J. Trump declared, a nuclear arsenal “at the top of the pack.”

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39

Kroenig, Matthew. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190849184.003.0001.

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This chapter provides a summary introduction to the book. It explains the central question the book addresses and why it is important. Namely, it asks why academic nuclear deterrence theory maintains that nuclear superiority does not matter, but policymakers often behave as if it does. It then provides a brief explanation of the answer to this question: the superiority-brinkmanship synthesis theory. It discusses the implications of the argument for international relations theory and for US nuclear policy. In contrast to previous scholarship, the argument of this book provides the first coherent explanation for why nuclear superiority matters even if both sides possess a secure, second-strike capability. In so doing, it helps to resolve what may be the longest-standing, intractable, and important puzzle in the scholarly study of nuclear strategy. It concludes with a description of the plan for the rest of the book.

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40

Yerkes, Mara A., Jana Javornik, and Anna Kurowska, eds. Social Policy and the Capability Approach. Bristol University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.46692/9781447341796.

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41

Kroenig, Matthew. The Mechanisms of Nuclear Crisis Outcomes. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190849184.003.0005.

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This chapter examines the effect of nuclear superiority on crisis outcomes in a series of short case studies of the most important nuclear crises of the nuclear era: the Cuban Missile Crisis, the Sino-Soviet Border War, the 1973 Arab-Israeli Crisis, and the Kargil Crisis. The analysis provides strong support for the argument of the book. It illustrates the effect of the nuclear balance of power in specific cases and demonstrates that the causal mechanisms predicted by the theory are in fact in operation. In these cases, it is clear that leaders paid close attention to the nuclear balance of power, nuclear superior states were willing to run greater risks, and nuclear superior states were more likely to achieve their basic goals. Alternative explanations, such as those that maintain nuclear weapons are irrelevant, or that they do not matter above and beyond a secure, second-strike capability, do not find support.

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42

Yerkes, Mara, Jana Javornik, and Anna Kurowska, eds. Social Policy and the Capability Approach. Policy Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447341789.001.0001.

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The capability approach, an increasingly popular conceptual and theoretical framework focused on what individuals are able to do and be, offers a unique evaluative perspective to social policy analysis. This book explores the advantages of this approach and offers a way forward in addressing conceptual and empirical issues as they apply specifically to social policy research and practice. Short conceptual and empirical chapters provide clear examples of how policies shape the capabilities of different groups and individuals, critically assessing the efficacy of different social policies across multiple social policy fields, providing both academic and practitioner viewpoints.

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43

Christman, John, ed. Positive Freedom. Cambridge University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108768276.

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Freedom is widely regarded as a basic social and political value that is deeply connected to the ideals of democracy, equality, liberation, and social recognition. Many insist that freedom must include conditions that go beyond simple “negative” liberty understood as the absence of constraints; only if freedom includes other conditions such as the capability to act, mental and physical control of oneself, and social recognition by others will it deserve its place in the pantheon of basic social values. Positive Freedom is the first volume to examine the idea of positive liberty in detail and from multiple perspectives. With contributions from leading scholars in ethics and political theory, this collection includes both historical studies of the idea of positive freedom and discussions of its connection to important contemporary issues in social and political philosophy.

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44

Kloeckl, Kristian. The Urban Improvise. Yale University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300243048.001.0001.

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The built environment in today's hybrid cities is changing radically. The pervasiveness of networked mobile and embedded devices has transformed a predominantly stable background for human activity into spaces that have a more fluid behavior. Based on their capability to sense, compute, and act in real time, urban spaces have the potential to go beyond planned behaviors and, instead, change and adapt dynamically. These interactions resemble improvisation in the performing arts, and this book offers a new improvisation-based framework for thinking about future cities. The book moves beyond the smart city concept by unlocking performativity, and specifically improvisation, as a new design approach and explores how city lights, buses, plazas, and other urban environments are capable of behavior beyond scripts. Drawing on research of digital cities and design theory, the book makes improvisation useful and applicable to the condition of today's technology-imbued cities and proposes a new future for responsive urban design.

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45

Sparrow, Malcolm K. Imposing Duties. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400669040.

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Policing, environmental protection, and tax administration have much more in common than practitioners in these areas often recognize. Their cultures and traditions have, for the past few decades, incorporated a classic enforcement mentality, based on the underlying assumption that a ruthless and efficient investigative and enforcement capability would produce compliance through the mechanisms of deterrence. In these fields, and perhaps in many other enforcement or compliance oriented professions, Sparrow believes the traditional enforcement approach is under stress. There are too many violators, too many laws to be enforced, and not enough resources to get the job done. In this book, Sparrow draws out remarkable parallels in the ways these professions are adapting to meet their current challenges, as they reject their traditional reliance on retrospective, case-by-case, after-the-fact enforcement. Rather than perpetuating their dependence on processes, procedures, and coverage, these professions are each developing new capacities for analyzing important patterns of noncompliance, prioritizing risks, and designing intelligent interventions using a much broader range of tools. Sparrow extracts the essence of the transformations underway, explores the critical implications for information management, and lays out the issues that need resolution before the emerging compliance strategies can reach maturity. This book is required reading for all those concerned with either the theory or the practice of the compliance side of government.

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46

Lieber, Keir A., and Daryl G. Press. The Myth of the Nuclear Revolution. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501749292.001.0001.

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Leading analysts have predicted for decades that nuclear weapons would help pacify international politics. The core notion is that countries protected by these fearsome weapons can stop competing so intensely with their adversaries: they can end their arms races, scale back their alliances, and stop jockeying for strategic territory. But rarely have theory and practice been so opposed. Why do international relations in the nuclear age remain so competitive? Indeed, why are today's major geopolitical rivalries intensifying? This book tackles the central puzzle of the nuclear age: the persistence of intense geopolitical competition in the shadow of nuclear weapons. The book explains why the Cold War superpowers raced so feverishly against each other; why the creation of “mutual assured destruction” does not ensure peace; and why the rapid technological changes of the 21st century will weaken deterrence in critical hotspots around the world. By explaining how the nuclear revolution falls short, the book discovers answers to the most pressing questions about deterrence in the coming decades: how much capability is required for a reliable nuclear deterrent, how conventional conflicts may become nuclear wars, and how great care is required now to prevent new technology from ushering in an age of nuclear instability.

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47

Haun, Phil, ed. Lectures of the Air Corps Tactical School and American Strategic Bombing in World War II. University Press of Kentucky, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813176789.001.0001.

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In the 1930s the US Air Corps Tactical School (ACTS) articulated the concept of high-altitude daylight precision bombing (HADPB), a coherent yet controversial theory for victory through the independent employment of air forces. The ACTS lectures present a uniquely American theory of strategic bombing later tested in World War II. These lectures, never before published, introduce Air Corps thinking on strategic bombing during the interwar period. Their originality is found in the causal logic for how HADPB operations would lead to victory by the direct attack of vital and vulnerable economic targets. The ACTS instructors and students would later be responsible for translating theory into practice. In so doing, the logic of HADPB was tested and in many ways found wanting. Though the US Army Air Force fell short of independently achieving decisive victory, the ACTS prewar rationale for the construction of heavy bombers offered the United States the offensive capability to conduct long-range air campaigns. HADPB proved to be a key component to the Allies gaining air superiority over western Europe. Finally, HADPB raids starved the German military of fuel such that it no longer had the means to maintain its desperate counteroffensive at the Battle of the Bulge. American air power did prove critical to the Allied victory, not in the independent and decisive way envisioned by ACTS but as a crucial component of a combined arms strategy.

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48

Wolff, Jonathan. Equality. Edited by George Klosko. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199238804.003.0036.

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To trace the history of the concept of equality in political philosophy is to explore the answers that have been given to the questions of what equality demands, and whether it is a desirable goal. Considerations of unjust inequality appear in numerous different spheres, such as citizenship, sexual equality, racial equality, and even equality between human beings and members of other species. Ancient Greek political philosophy, despite Aristotle's famous conceptual analysis of equality, is generally hostile towards the idea of social and economic equality. Plato's account of the best and most just form of the state in the Republic is a society of very clear social, political, and economic hierarchy. It is with Thomas Hobbes that the idea of equality is put to work. This article explores equality as an issue of distributive justice; equality in the history of political philosophy; equality in contemporary political philosophy; the views of Ronald Dworkin, Karl Marx, and David Hume; equality of welfare; equality, priority, and sufficiency; Amartya Sen's capability theory; and luck egalitarianism.

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49

Sousa, A. Augusto de, and Carlos Soares, eds. 16th Doctoral Symposium in Informatics Engineering (DSIE'21): Proceedings. FEUP, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24840/978-972-752-281-1.

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DSIE - Doctoral Symposium in Informatics Engineering, now in its 16th Edition, is a series of meetings that started in the first edition of ProDEI, in the scholar year 2005/06; its main goal has always been to provide a forum for discussion on, and demonstration of, the practical application of a variety of scientific and technological research issues, particularly in the context of information technology, computer science, and computer engineering. DSIE Symposium comes out as a natural conclusion of a mandatory ProDEI course called "Methodologies for Scientific Research" (MSR), leading to a formal assessment of the PhD students' first year’s learned competencies on those methodologies. The MSR course aims at giving students the opportunity to learn the processes, methodologies and best practices related to scientific research, particularly in the referred areas, as well as to improve their own capability to produce adequate scientific texts. With a mixed-format based on a few theory lessons (about a scientific approach to knowledge), practical works (analyzing and discussing published papers), together with multidisciplinary seminars, the course culminates with the realization of this meeting/symposium. In this scope, students are expected to simultaneously play different roles, such as authors of the submitted articles, members of both organization and scientific committees, and reviewers, duly guided by senior lecturers and professors.

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50

Paul, Christopher. Information Operations-Doctrine and Practice. Praeger, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400670176.

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A no-nonsense treatment of information operations, this handbook makes clear what does and does not fall under information operations, how the military plans and executes such efforts, and what the role of IO ought to be in the war of ideas. Paul provides detailed accounts of the doctrine and practice of the five core information operations capabilities (psychological operations, military deception, operations security, electronic warfare, and computer network operations) and the three related capabilities (public affairs, civil-military operations, and military support to public diplomacy). The discussion of each capability includes historical examples, explanations of tools and forces available, and current challenges faced by that community. An appendix of selected excerpts from military doctrine ties the work firmly to the military theory behind information operations. Paul argues that contemporary IO's mixing of capabilities focused on information content with those focused on information systems conflates apples with the apple carts. This important study concludes that information operations would be better poised to contribute to the war of ideas if IO were reorganized, separating content capabilities from systems capabilities and separating the employment of black (deceptive or falsely attributed) information from white (wholly truthful and correctly attributed) information.

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Books on the topic 'Capability theory'

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