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Academic literature on the topic 'Capacitation des spermatozoïdes – Dissertations universitaires comme sujet'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Capacitation des spermatozoïdes – Dissertations universitaires comme sujet"
Lhuillier, Pierre. "Etude du rôle de la protéine TAT1/SLFC26A8 dans la lignée germinale mâle et de son implication dans les asthénozoospermies humaines." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05T030.
Full textWe have previously identified TAT1/SLC26A8 as a potential target of Rho GTPases, exclusively expressed in human adult testis. TAT1 is a member of the SLC26 family and we have shown that TAT1 is located at the plasma membrane of germ cells at spermatocyte/spermatid stages and exhibits a transport activity towards sulfate and chloride anions. During my thesis, I characterized the phenotype of mice with a targeted disruption of Tat gene (knock out) and showed that Tatl protein is essential for sperm flagella differentiation and motility. Hence, Tat1-/- males are sterile due to severe asthenozoospermia and structural defects of the spermatozoa. Tatr spermatozoa display an atrophia of the annulus (the ring shape structure connecting the midpiece to the principal piece), a midpiece-principal piece disjunction and hairpin-like bending of the flagella leading to the disruption of the axonemal structure. In addition, we observed that Tat1-/- spermatozoa do not display the phosphorylation profile required for sperm capacitation. According to this phenotype, we showed that TAT1 is also expressed in mature sperm where it is specifically localized at the annulus. In order to investigate the implication of TAT1 in human asthenozoospermia, we performed imunodetection of TAT1 on sperm smear preparations from a cohort of 75 asthenozoospermic subjects. We identified one patient with a moderate asthenozoospermia associated with the absence of TAT1 staining at the annulus. By transmission electron miscroscopy, we observed complete lack of the annulus and midpiece-principal piece disjunction in spermatozoa from the patient. This case, so far unique, suggests that in human the integrity of the annulus is also required for proper sperm motility and flagella differentiation. Finally, in order to address the role of TAT1 anion transport activity in the control of sperm motility and capacitation, I generated two mutants (D95N and G218V) in TAT1 sequence, based on published data concerning mutations in SLC26 proteins that abolish transport activity without affecting plasma membrane localization. I analyzed these mutants, in vitro, and showed normal expression level and proper localization of the proteins at plasma membrane of COS cells. If, as we expect, these mutations inhibit TAT1 transport activity in vitro, we will proceed to their introduction into the murine Tatl gene in order to generate « knock in » mouse models
Kann, Marie-Louise. "Le spermatozoïde de mammifère : recherches sur la motilité et le cytosquelette." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05S009.
Full textClary-Meinesz, Claude. "Contribution à l'étude du mouvement ciliaire des voies respiratoires humaines." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05CD07.
Full textCiliary movement is responsible for the transport of mucus and inhaled pollutants both from the nasal cavity and the lung. A summary of motile cilia biology shows many different experimental models. We studied the ciliary beat frequency (CBF) from human airways using techniques applied to a flagellar model of sea urchin spermatozoa and developed in the Marine Station of Villefranche-sur-Mer (CNRS-URA 671 and Paris VI University). For CBF measurement, we first used a stroboscopic method, then a dynamic image analysis system. We found a normal CBF of 8,14 Hz (mean; standard deviation : 1,5 Hz ; temperature 25ʿc). There are large interindividual variations without link with age, sex, smoking status or lung function. CBF is influenced by temperature and the viscosity of medium. Nasal and tracheal CBF are similar. Bronchiolar CBF mean value is 65 % of bronchial. Bronchiolar and bronchial cilia tolerate variations in external pH on a wide range. Acidic pH values are better tolerated by bronchiolar than bronchial cilia. Demembranation and reactivation are successfully applied to human cilia. Reactivated CBF appears at a ATP-Mg concentration of 5. 10-5 M; normal reactivated CBF is obtained with a ATP-Mg concentration of 5. 10-3 M. Reactivated CBF levels off with CA2+ concentration. However Ca2+ is not necessary to ciliary beating as a beat is obtained at Ca2+ as low as 10-11 M. CA2+ 10-1 M impairs reactivation. Reactivated CBF is greatly influenced by pH : optimal pH is 8. Human ciliary dynein has the same properties as sea urchin flagellar dynein. A general review of the mediators regulating the ciliary beat is presented. Antibodies against tubulin or dynein, some of which are able to modify reactivated CBF, are to be tested on this human model. We are now developing a culture of human ciliated respiratory cells, allowing complete ciliogenesis
Roux, Christophe. "Contribution à l'étude de la chromatine du spermatozoïde humain." Paris 5, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA05S029.
Full textMboungou, Jean Robert. "Etude electrophoretique des proteines epididymaires en relation avec les changements de la surface des spermatozoides chez la souris." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05S009.
Full textLucas, Hervé. "Etude des glycoprotéines pellucidaires fucosylées et de leurs récepteurs spermatiques." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05CD12.
Full textBergère, Marianne. "Les anomalies chromosomiques preimplantatoires : incidence et regulation apres fecondation in vitro." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05S002.
Full textRives, Nathalie. "Hyperhaploidie et diploidie des spermatozoides humains dans la spermatogenèse normale et pathologique." Paris 5, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA05S023.
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