Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Capacitation des spermatozoïdes'
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Pilikian, Sylvia. "Étude de l'effet de différents milieux physiologiques et synthétiques sur l'évolution de la mobilité et de la réaction acrosomale des spermatozoïdes humains." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO1T066.
Full textMartin, Andréane. "La capacitation des spermatozoïdes porcins et équins : une question de protéines." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26548.
Full textAfter ejaculation spermatozoa must undergo a maturation to be able to fertilize an oocyte. The collective events that lead to this capability are named capacitation. Although capacitation was first discovered more than sixty years ago, the events and regulation of this maturation are still not fully understood. Also, the equine and porcine species has several reproductive issues believed to be caused by defects in sperm capacitation. Thus, the study of stallion sperm surface protein modification during capacitation could help to ameliorate advanced reproductive technologies in the horse and the pig. The aim of the first study was to establish the best in vitro conditions to promote horse sperm capacitation and to characterize the sperm using different tests. Our second objective was to optimize a surface biotinylation protocol to prevent biotin labeling of internal sperm proteins in order to study the surface membrane protein changes during capacitation.
Rode, Baptiste. "Rôle de la protéine TAT1/SLC26A8 dans la mobilité et la capacitation des spermatozoïdes." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077030.
Full textTAT1/SLC26A8 is a member of the SLC26 family of anion transporters, expressed at the plasma membrane of human and mouse male germ cells; in mature sperm, TAT1 protein is adressed at the annulus, a structure located at the jonction of the midpiece and principal piece of the flagellum. We previously reported that Tatl⁻/⁻ mâles are stérile due to severe asthenozoospermia associated with flagellar structure and capacitation defects. The CFTR channel, a partner of several SLC26 members, is also expressed in sperm where it regulates chloride and bicarbonate fluxes responsible for sperm modifications during capacitation (i. E. Increase of intracellular pH and cAMP, plasma membrane hyperpolarization, protein hyperphosphorylation). During my thesis, I have shown, in vitro, the physical interaction between TAT1 and CFTR together with the stimulation of CFTR activity by TATl. I have also observed that Tatl⁻/⁻ sperm display cAMP regulation defects and that protein hyperphosphorylation and flagellar beating are rescued by permeant cAMP analogs. These results indicate that TATl might regulate sperm capacitation by cooperating with thé CFTR channel. I have also studied the structural role of TATl and demonstrated a physical interaction between TATl and SEPT4. Analysis of both proteins and of annulus structure in sperm from Sept4" and Tatl" mice and from an asthenozoospermie patient provide new informations about the mechanisms involved in the formation of this structure and its role in sperm flagellum
Beaulieu, Martin. "Implication des extracellular signal-regulated kinases dans la capacitation des spermatozoïdes porcins." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/24019/24019.pdf.
Full textLachance, Catherine. "Les protéines chaperonnes Hsp60 et Grp78 : localisation dans les spermatozoïdes, le système reproducteur de la femme et leurs effets sur les différentes fonctions des spermatozoïdes humains." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/24074/24074.pdf.
Full textLachance, Catherine. "LES INTERMÉDIAIRES DE LA VOIE JAK / STAT DANS LES SPERMATOZOÏDES HUMAINS." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29583/29583.pdf.
Full textPoirier, Édith. "Le fractionnement membranaire et les partenaires d'interaction de la tyrosine kinase YES1 chez les spermatozoïdes humains." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23228.
Full textChevrier, Claude. "Motilité des spermatozoïdes de mammifères et facteurs susceptibles de l'influencer." Tours, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOUR4004.
Full textNo summary available
Whitfield, Marjorie. "Modèle murin invalidé pour les LXRs : dyslipidémie et impact sur la maturation post-testiculaire des gamètes." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAC010/document.
Full textThe acquisition of fertile spermatozoa is a long and multi-stage process, beginning with the production of male gametes in the testis. Spermatozoa then undergo two successive maturation steps, first during the epididymal transit and then in the female genital tract during the capacitation process. The post-testicular maturation particularly impacts sperm lipid composition, leading to a higher membrane fluidity considered to be essential for fertilization. The results presented in this work show the importance of epididymal lipid homeostasis for sperm lipid maturation and acquisition of fertilizing ability. At the molecular level, lipid homeostasis is regulated by the LXRs (α and β isoforms), the oxysterol nuclear receptors (NR1H3 and NR1H2, respectively). A cholesterol-enriched diet in young LXR-null mice leads to infertility with a specific epididymal alteration. Sperm epididymal maturation is altered, leading to defects in lipid and protein composition of the spermatic plasma membrane. These defects have detrimental effects on the capacitation process, characterized by disturbances of calcium flows and tyrosine phosphorylation. In addition to their endocrine effects, dyslipidemia also appear to affect post-testicular maturation. These results have to be considered in the context of ART protocols, since the plasma lipid status is not part of the routine examinations for couples in ART protocols. Concomitantly, in France, 55% of men aged 30-54 are dyslipidemic, suggesting that these lipid metabolic disorders could alter sperm post-testicular maturation, causing a number of infertility and / or ART failures
Emiliozzi, Clélia. "Dialogue transmembranaire au cours de la capacitation des spermatozoi͏̈des humains : rôle des phosphorylations sur tyrosine." Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON1T019.
Full textFierro-Pastrana, Reyna-Carmen. "Etude de l'architecture moléculaire de la membrane plasmique et des membranes acrosomiques du spermatozoïde humain : leurs modifications au cours des phénomènes de capacitation et de la réaction acrosomique." Nancy 1, 1997. https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/tel-01747360.
Full textThérien, Isabelle. "Étude de la capacitation des spermatozoïdes épididymaires bovins en présence des protéines majeures du plasma séminal bovin et des facteurs capacitants." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0006/NQ42287.pdf.
Full textChamberland, Annie. "Effets de l'héparine sur les paramètres de motilité et la phosphorylation des protéines durant le processus de capacitation des spermatozoïdes bovins." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ47184.pdf.
Full textRoyère, Dominique. "Variations de l'état de condensation de la chromatine des spermatozoïdes humains : relation avec leur pouvoir fécondant." Tours, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOUR4001.
Full textLemoine, Manuela. "La réaction acrosomique du spermatozoïde chez le coq." Thesis, Tours, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOUR4005.
Full textThe aim of this work was to provide new information on chicken acrosome reaction (AR) for a better comprehension of the mechanisms leading to this reaction and a better control of the fertilizing potential of spermatozoa after in vitro storage. Our results showed that calcium is the factor absolutely necessary to initiate the AR and supported the hypothesis that chicken spermatozoa do not need to be capacitated. Moreover, motility hyperactivation was not found at the time of AR. Then, we showed that chicken sperm ability to undergo the AR may differ depending on the type of semen storage. Indeed, this ability was dramatically affected by liquid storage, but was submitted to contrasted effect after cryopreservation. Finally, we investigated the potential involvement of several signaling pathways in initiation of the chicken AR and the results showed that the AR could be mediated by activation of the PKA, PI3K and ERK MAPK pathways
Dirami, Thassadite. "Le transporteur anionique TAT1 (SLC26A8) : rôle physiologique et implication dans les asthénozoospermies humaines." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05T050/document.
Full textTAT1 (Testis Anion Transporter 1 ; SLC26A8) belongs to the SLC26 family of anion transporters, which is implicated in cellular homeostasis of different epithelia. TAT1 is exclusively expressed in male germ cells, in human and mouse. On mature spermatozoa, TAT1 is located at the annulus, a ring-shaped structure composed of different septins polymers (1, 4, 6, 7 and 12), at the junction of the midpiece (MP) and principal piece (PP) of the flagellum.The knock-out mouse model of Tat1 gene shows a male infertility by complete asthenozoospermia (lack of sperm motility) and capacitation defects combined with flagellar structural abnormalities (flagella bending, MP and PP disjunction and atrophy of the annulus). This model suggests that the TAT1 protein could fulfill structural roles in the annulus and during flagellum biogenesis. Moreover TAT1 displayind an anion transport activity, it could also be implicated in the control of sperm motility and capacitation by regulating anions exchannges, which are well known to be essential for both processes.Indeed, chloride, bicarbonate and calcium ions are involved in the activation of the cAMP/PKA pathway, controlling sperm motility and capacitation processes (i.e. maturation events occuring in the female genital tract and providing the spermatozoa an hyperactivation movement and the ability to interact with oocyte).Several publications have reported a physical and functionnal interaction between SLC26 family members and the chloride/bicarbonate CFTR channel (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator), which mutations are responsible of cystic fibrosis. Interestingly, recent data showed CFTR expression in spermatozoa and its role in the regulation of chloride fluxes during capacitation. During my thesis, we tested TAT1 and CFTR cooperation; we showed that TAT1 can interact physically with CFTR and stimulate its anion transport activity, suggesting that in vivo they form a molecular complex involved in the regulation of chloride and bicarbonate fluxes during sperm capacitation.Like TAT1, several SLC26 family members have a tissue specific expression. Furthermore genetic mutations in several SLC26 members result in human pathology such as deafness, congenital chloride diarrhea and chondrodysplasia. According to the phenotype of the KO Tat1 mouse model and the role of SLC26 members in human pathology, TAT1 constitutes a good candidate for the search of genetic causes of human asthenozoospermia.During my thesis, the laboratory has set up, a research project aiming at identifying mutations in the TAT1 gene that are responsible for human asthenozoospermia.Sequencing of the TAT1 gene coding regions in a cohort of 147 infertile men presenting with asthenozoospermia allowed us to identify several new sequence variations in in the TAT1 gene. In vitro study of these variants shows that 3 of them are associated with protein instability and abrogate CFTR stimulation. Besides, patients sperm show important flagellar abnormalities in the midpiece, consistent with a role of TAT1 and its partners (septins) in flagellum biogenesis
Bordeleau, Louis-Jean. "Caractérisation de la tyrosine kinase hck et de son isoforme tronqué, hck-tr, dans les gamètes mâles." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20445.
Full textLawson, Christine. "Modulation du CA²⁺ intracellulaire et de la phosphorylation en tyrosine durant la capacitation des spermatozoïdes humains : rôles de la Ca²⁺-ATPase SERCA2 et de la tyrosine kinase SRC." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20447.
Full textLawson, Christine. "Modulation du Ca2+ intracellulaire et de la phosphorylation en tyrosine durant la capacitation des spermatozoïdes humains. Rôles de la Ca2+-ATPase SERCA 2 et de la tyrosine kinase SRC." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25769/25769.pdf.
Full textLhuillier, Pierre. "Etude du rôle de la protéine TAT1/SLFC26A8 dans la lignée germinale mâle et de son implication dans les asthénozoospermies humaines." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05T030.
Full textWe have previously identified TAT1/SLC26A8 as a potential target of Rho GTPases, exclusively expressed in human adult testis. TAT1 is a member of the SLC26 family and we have shown that TAT1 is located at the plasma membrane of germ cells at spermatocyte/spermatid stages and exhibits a transport activity towards sulfate and chloride anions. During my thesis, I characterized the phenotype of mice with a targeted disruption of Tat gene (knock out) and showed that Tatl protein is essential for sperm flagella differentiation and motility. Hence, Tat1-/- males are sterile due to severe asthenozoospermia and structural defects of the spermatozoa. Tatr spermatozoa display an atrophia of the annulus (the ring shape structure connecting the midpiece to the principal piece), a midpiece-principal piece disjunction and hairpin-like bending of the flagella leading to the disruption of the axonemal structure. In addition, we observed that Tat1-/- spermatozoa do not display the phosphorylation profile required for sperm capacitation. According to this phenotype, we showed that TAT1 is also expressed in mature sperm where it is specifically localized at the annulus. In order to investigate the implication of TAT1 in human asthenozoospermia, we performed imunodetection of TAT1 on sperm smear preparations from a cohort of 75 asthenozoospermic subjects. We identified one patient with a moderate asthenozoospermia associated with the absence of TAT1 staining at the annulus. By transmission electron miscroscopy, we observed complete lack of the annulus and midpiece-principal piece disjunction in spermatozoa from the patient. This case, so far unique, suggests that in human the integrity of the annulus is also required for proper sperm motility and flagella differentiation. Finally, in order to address the role of TAT1 anion transport activity in the control of sperm motility and capacitation, I generated two mutants (D95N and G218V) in TAT1 sequence, based on published data concerning mutations in SLC26 proteins that abolish transport activity without affecting plasma membrane localization. I analyzed these mutants, in vitro, and showed normal expression level and proper localization of the proteins at plasma membrane of COS cells. If, as we expect, these mutations inhibit TAT1 transport activity in vitro, we will proceed to their introduction into the murine Tatl gene in order to generate « knock in » mouse models
Abi, Nahed Roland. "Les phospholipases A2 au cours de la fécondation et du développement embryonnaire préimplantatoire : mécanismes moléculaires d'action et développement thérapeutique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAV031/document.
Full textFor the last ten years, the impairment of the male reproductive functions has highly increased, while the use of assisted reproductive techniques has also increased. Despite this evolution, the pregnancy rates obtained in in vitro fertilization (IVF) remain low, as only one in two couples will obtain a pregnancy after 4 attempts. Research has to discover new ways to gain in reproductive impact. Hence, many studies have recently been developed to test molecules that could improve the IVF results. Phospholipases A2 (PLA2s) are part of these molecules. They play an important role, because of their abundant expression in: male reproductive organs, in ejaculated sperm and in the female tract. Several studies have suggested a role for members of the secreted phospholipase A2 family in capacitation, acrosome reaction (AR), and fertilization. We demonstrated previously that sperm from mGX knock-out mice had a severely impaired fertilization potential in vitro, but the molecular nature of these enzymes and their specific functions have remained elusive. Our aims were to study the mechanism of the acrosome reaction by focusing on different kinds of PLA2 using inhibitors and knockout mice for each type of PLA2. We demonstrate the importance of iPLA2β in spontaneous AR occurring during capacitation. We also show that iPLA2β and sPLA2 of group X are both involved in progesterone (P4)-induced AR in mouse sperm. In addition we show that in the mouse neither P4 nor any of the other sPLA2s tested are able to mimic the IVF improvement obtained with mGX-treatment. We also demonstrate that this improvement obtained with phospholipase A2 murine group X is not dependent on the rate of AR. These results demonstrate that sPLA2s are not commutable in the context of mouse sperm fertility, indicating that group X sPLA2 is unique to improve fertility outcome
Moreau, Robert. "Le rôle d'une famille de protéines du plasma séminal bovin dans le transport lipidique et la capacitation du spermatozoïde." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ43734.pdf.
Full textEscoffier, Jessica. "Des sPLA2 de venins de serpents à leurs homologues de Mammifères: Rôles de ces enzymes dans la fécondation." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00441813.
Full text"Implication des extracellular signal-regulated kinases dans la capacitation des spermatozoïdes porcins." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/24019/24019.pdf.
Full textCrête, Marie-Hélène. "Caractérisation des protéines AQN-1 ET pB1 du plasma séminal porcin et leur rôle dans la capacitation des spermatozoïdes." Thèse, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14769.
Full textLusignan, Marie-France. "Induction de la capacitation des spermatozoïdes épididymaires porcins par pB1 et BSP-A1/-A2, des protéines de la famille des protéines BSP." Thèse, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15223.
Full textLefebvre, Jasmine. "Isolement de protéines liant les phospholipides à partir de tissus et du sérum bovins : évidences pour l'implication dans le transport inverse du cholestérol." Thèse, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14784.
Full textLefebvre, Jasmine. "Les gènes et protéines BSP chez la souris et l’humain : clonage, caractérisation, expression sous forme recombinante et étude des fonctions biologiques." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3125.
Full textInfertility affects approximately 15% of couples of reproductive age. In nearly half the cases, male factors are responsible, although causes underlying male infertility often remain unknown. Mammalian sperm undergo a series of maturational steps before acquiring the capacity to fertilize an oocyte. The first changes take place inside the epididymis, where sperm gain motility and the ability to recognize and interact with the oocyte. After ejaculation, sperm go through a second maturation event named capacitation, taking place inside the female reproductive tract. We previously showed that in the bovine species, proteins of the BSP (Binder of SPerm) family are essential for capacitation. Homologs of these proteins have also been isolated from boar, ram, goat, bison and stallion seminal fluid. Although BSP-related antigens have been detected in mouse and human seminal fluid, BSP homologs have never been characterized in these species. We hypothesized that BSPs would indeed be expressed in mice and humans and could be involved in sperm maturation. Our studies demonstrated that BSP-homologous sequences are present in the mouse and human genomes. The mouse genome contains three BSP-like sequences, Bsph1, Bsph2a and Bsph2b, whereas only one sequence (BSPH1) was identified in the human genome. The complete cDNA sequences of Bsph1, Bsph2a and BSPH1 were cloned, whereas Bsph2b is probably a pseudogene. The two murine and sole human genes are expressed uniquely in the epididymis, and are part of a distinct sub-family within the BSP superfamily. The BSPs of ungulates are expressed in the seminal vesicles, are added to sperm upon ejaculation and represent a significant proportion of seminal plasma proteins. In contrast, BSP proteins expressed in the mouse and human epididymides are found in very small quantities in seminal fluid. The study of their role in sperm functions was therefore less straightforward than for ungulate species, where direct isolation of the native proteins from seminal plasma was feasible using various chromatography techniques. In order to investigate the role of the human BSP protein, BSPH1, we expressed the recombinant protein in E. coli. Probably due to the multiple disulfide bonds within the fibronectin type-II domains characteristic of these proteins, expression of BSPH1 with a hexahistidine or glutathione-S-tranferase tag gave rise to insoluble protein trapped inside bacterial inclusion bodies. Successful expression of soluble BSPH1 was achieved when the protein was fused to a thioredoxin tag and expressed in a bacterial strain that possesses an oxidizing cytoplasm. This protein was purified using affinity chromatography techniques and tested for binding to known ligands of BSP proteins: phosphatidylcholine, low-density lipoproteins and the human sperm membrane. Since recombinant BSPH1 displayed all three binding properties, we concluded that it had assumed its native conformation and could be used in subsequent functional assays to determine its role in sperm functions. The native form of BSPH1 was detected in human seminal plasma after fractionation on a gel filtration column. Native BSPH1 also bound to a heparin-affinity column, indicating that it shares this binding property with the BSP family and may also bind heparin-like GAGs of the female reproductive tract. An anti-BSPH1 immunoaffinity column was prepared using antibodies generated with bacterially expressed recombinant proteins and was used to isolate native BSPH1 from human sperm extracts. In addition, our results show that BSPH1 probably localizes to detergent-resistant microdomains of the human sperm membrane. Its apparent molecular weight was 32 kDa, which is superior to that predicted by its amino acid sequence. Therefore, BSPH1 probably undergoes post-translational modifications or migrates abnormally during electrophoresis. The effect of recombinant BSPH1 protein and anti-BSPH1 antibodies on human sperm motility, viability and capacitation were also investigated. The latter two sperm functions were assayed using a flow cytometry technique optimized in this study. No effect of recombinant BSPH1 or antibodies on sperm motility or viability was noted. Although a modest yet significant stimulation of capacitation was observed at lower BSPH1 protein concentrations, higher concentrations showed no effect. In the same fashion, anti-BSPH1 antibodies showed no significant effect on capacitation. These results suggest that recombinant BSPH1 produced in E. coli does not appreciably affect capacitation. However, since native BSPH1 may be subject to post-translational modifications, it is possible that BSPH1 expressed in a mammalian system would affect sperm capacitation. Alternatively, epididymally expressed BSPs may play a somewhat different role in sperm functions than those secreted by the seminal vesicles of ungulates. The results described in this thesis could aid in better diagnosing male infertility, improving assisted reproduction and eventually, developing male contraceptives.
Heidari, Vala Hamed. "Binder of SPerm protein interference in sperm-egg interaction." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20792.
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