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Journal articles on the topic 'Cape Granite Suite (CGS)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Clemens, J. D., and G. Stevens. "S- to I- to A-type magmatic cycles in granitic terranes are not globally recurring progressions. The cases of the Cape Granite Suite of Southern Africa and central Victoria in southeastern Australia." South African Journal of Geology 124, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 565–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.25131/sajg.124.0007.

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Abstract Recurring progression from S- to I- to A-type granites has been proposed for a subset of granitic rocks in eastern Australia. The wider applicability and the validity of this idea is explored using the Cape Granite Suite (CGS) of South Africa and the granitic and silicic volcanic rocks of central Victoria, in southeastern Australia. Within the CGS there is presently little justification for the notion that there is a clear temporal progression from early S-type, through I-type to late A-type magmatism. The I- and S-type rocks are certainly spatially separated. However, apart from a single slightly older pluton (the Hoedjiespunt Granite) there is no indication that the S- and I-type granites are temporally distinct. One dated A-type granitic sample and a syenite have poorly constrained dates that overlap with those of the youngest S-type granites. In central Victoria, the granitic magma types display neither a spatial separation nor a temporal progression from one type to another. All magma varieties are present together and were emplaced within a far narrower time window than in the CGS. Thus, a progression may or may not exist in a particular region, and the occurrence of such a progression does not hold true even in a part of southeastern Australia, which afforded the type example. Thus, the idea that, globally, there should be a progression from S- to I- to A-type magmatism is unjustified. The critical factor in determining the temporal relationship between granitic magmas of different types is probably the compositional structure of the deep crust in a particular region, a reflection of how the individual orogen was assembled. In turn, this must reflect significant differences in the tectonic settings.

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2

Scheepers, R., and A. N. Nortjé. "Rhyolitic ignimbrites of the Cape Granite Suite, southwestern Cape Province, South Africa." Journal of African Earth Sciences 31, no. 3-4 (October 2000): 647–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0899-5362(00)80012-3.

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3

BROWNING, C., and P. H. MACEY. "LITHOSTRATIGRAPHY OF THE GEORGE PLUTON UNITS (CAPE GRANITE SUITE), SOUTH AFRICA." South African Journal of Geology 118, no. 3 (September 2015): 323–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssajg.118.3.323.

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4

Villaros, Arnaud, Gary Stevens, and Ian S. Buick. "Tracking S-type granite from source to emplacement: Clues from garnet in the Cape Granite Suite." Lithos 112, no. 3-4 (October 2009): 217–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2009.02.011.

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5

Wilton, Derek H. C. "Tectonic evolution of southwestern Newfoundland as indicated by granitoid petrogenesis." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 22, no. 7 (July 1, 1985): 1080–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e85-110.

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Four granitoid suites are recognized in the region of the Cape Ray Fault Zone of southwestern Newfoundland. The two oldest (Ordovician–Silurian (?)) suites represent partial melts of their enclosing host rocks. The Port aux Basques granite is modelled as a partial melt of the gneissic component of its host, Port aux Basques Complex. The Cape Ray granite forms a dominantly tonalitic terrane derived by partial melting of ophiolitic material. The Red Rocks granite and a megacrystic phase of the Cape Ray granite form coherent lines of geochemical descent from the parental tonalite but show evidence of some continental crust contamination.The Late Devonian Windowglass Hill granite is a subvolcanic equivalent of felsic volcanic rocks in the Windsor Point Group. Both units were derived as partial melts of continental crust.The post-tectonic, Late Devonian to Early Carboniferous Strawberry and Isle aux Morts Brook granites constitute the youngest granitoid suite in the region. These A-type granitoids were derived as partial melts of an underlying depleted granulitic (felsic) crust. The depleted nature of the source may have resulted from previous generation of the Windowglass Hill granite and Windsor Point Group. The only possible protolith for the granulitic source is Precambrian Grenvillian gneiss. The presence of this gneiss beneath the Cape Ray Fault Zone of southwestern Newfoundland implies that the complete series of lithologies is allochthonous.

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6

Scheepers, R., R. D. O'Brien, and A. E. Schoch. "An occurrence of bavenite in the Cape Granite Suite, southwestern Cape Province, South Africa, and its implication on the formation of the host pegmatite." South African Journal of Geology 120, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.25131/gssajg.120.2.223.

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Abstract Bavenite, (Ca4[(Al,Be)4(Si9(O,OH)26-n)](OH)2+n), is present in a pegmatite of the Paarl Pluton, a metaluminous I-type granite of Late Precambrian age. We are not aware of any other previous description of a beryllium mineral occurrence in the Cape Granite Suite. The pegmatite consists essentially of quartz and microcline microperthite together with albite, calcite and fluorite. A hydrothermal alteration assemblage of epidote, chlorite and bavenite occurs in vugs and veins within the pegmatite. Stilbite, which is stable below 170ºC, is also present, but not texturally related to the alteration assemblage. Microthermometric analyses and mineral chemistry of associated minerals elucidate the conditions of formation for the bavenite. According to primary fluid inclusions in the cores of euhedral quartz, the minimum temperature of crystallization of the pegmatite is 450ºC. Homogenization temperatures of later fluids indicate a minimum temperature of 210ºC for the main hydrothermal event. Chlorite geothermometry yields crystallization temperatures around 320ºC. The bavenite formed between 210ºC and 320ºC, at a pressure of less than 2 kbar.

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7

HARRIS, C., and J. VOGELI. "OXYGEN ISOTOPE COMPOSITION OF GARNET IN THE PENINSULA GRANITE, CAPE GRANITE SUITE, SOUTH AFRICA: CONSTRAINTS ON MELTING AND EMPLACEMENT MECHANISMS." South African Journal of Geology 113, no. 4 (December 1, 2010): 401–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssajg.113.4.401.

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8

Master, Sharad. "Plutonism versus Neptunism at the southern tip of Africa: the debate on the origin of granites at the Cape, 1776–1844." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 100, no. 1-2 (March 2009): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755691009016193.

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ABSTRACTThe Cape Granites are a granitic suite intruded into Neoproterozoic greywackes and slates, and unconformably overlain by early Palaeozoic Table Mountain Group orthoquartzites. They were first recognised at Paarl in 1776 by Francis Masson, and by William Anderson and William Hamilton in 1778. Studies of the Cape Granites were central to some of the early debates between the Wernerian Neptunists (Robert Jameson and his former pupils) and the Huttonian Plutonists (John Playfair, Basil Hall, Charles Darwin), in the first decades of the 19th Century, since it is at the foot of Table Mountain that the first intrusive granites outside of Scotland were described by Hall in 1812. The Neptunists believed that all rocks, including granite and basalt, were precipitated from the primordial oceans, whereas the Plutonists believed in the intrusive origin of some igneous rocks, such as granite. In this paper, some of the early descriptions and debates concerning the Cape Granites are reviewed, and the history of the development of ideas on granites (as well as on contact metamorphism and sea level changes) at the Cape in the late 18th Century and early to mid 19th Century, during the emerging years of the discipline of geology, is presented for the first time.

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9

Farina, Federico, Gary Stevens, and Arnaud Villaros. "Multi-batch, incremental assembly of a dynamic magma chamber: the case of the Peninsula pluton granite (Cape Granite Suite, South Africa)." Mineralogy and Petrology 106, no. 3-4 (August 16, 2012): 193–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00710-012-0224-8.

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10

Harris, Chris, Kevin Faure, Roger E. Diamond, and Reyno Scheepers. "Oxygen and hydrogen isotope geochemistry of S- and I-type granitoids: the Cape Granite suite, South Africa." Chemical Geology 143, no. 1-2 (November 1997): 95–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2541(97)00103-4.

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11

La, Chich Thi, Hoai Thi Thu Ta, Ngoc Thi Bich Nguyen, and Huy Xuan Nguyen. "FRACTURE CHARACTERISTICS OF KRETA GRANITOID IN KEGA AREA, PHANTHIET." Science and Technology Development Journal 12, no. 5 (March 15, 2009): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v12i5.2244.

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Ke Ga area mainly consists of geological formations as follows: • Cretaceous granitoid of Deo Ca suite exposes at Bau Sen area and Ta Dang Mountain. • Late Cretaceous leuco-granite of Ankroet suite distributed along beach follow NorthEast direction of 2km wide and 7km long. It consists of many smaller blocks which exposes at Ke Ga Cape, Blue World Resort, Da Do Resort, Da Nhay Resort, and Binh Yen Resort. • Cenozoic loosen sands. In the research area, main faults were developped dominantly such as NE-SW fault - FI creating a brecciated zone of 3km wide, 7km long, NW-SE fault - F3 in the southeast of Ta Dang mountain, and latitude fault - F2 along the streamline at Thuan Cuong, Thuan Minh areas. Fractures developped by many directions. Especially, leuco-granite had been fractured strongly such as follows: • NE-SW (30-70') striking, dipping towards to many directions such as SE (113'), 80° dipping angle. It is indicated to be the shear fractures associated with F1, SW dipping angle, and vertical angle. • NW-SE 293° striking, vertical. • This system creates thick brecciated zones • NE-SW 25° striking, dipping towards NW 295', dip angle 60° • NW-SE 300 striking, dipping towards NE, 70° dip angle • Sub-latitudinal 75-80° striking, dipping toward SE, 80° dip angle

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12

Wasteneys, Hardolph A., Richard J. Wardle, and Thomas E. Krogh. "Extrapolation of tectonic boundaries across the Labrador shelf: U–Pb geochronology of well samples." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 33, no. 9 (September 1, 1996): 1308–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e96-099.

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Near Saglek Fiord, a northerly trending boundary between the early Archean Saglek block and the middle Archean Hopedale block extends between drill sites which, respectively, sampled Uivak amphibolite gneiss with U–Pb zircon intercept ages of 3742 ± 12 and 2752 ± 42 Ma, and migmatitic Lister gneiss with concordant ages of [Formula: see text] for restite and [Formula: see text], for leucosome. Titanite ages of ca. 2508 Ma are common to both rocks. A nearby metapsammitic gneiss has detrital zircon and monazite ages of 2681 ± 5, 2700 ± 4, ca. 2730, and 2750 ± 2 Ma representing high-grade metamorphism related to the Hopedale–Saglek collision and metamorphic monazite of ca. 2560 Ma age representing metamorphism of the sediment during reactivation of the Saglek–Hopedale suture. Two hundred kilometres southeast, a gneissic granite records a protolith age of 3170 Ma and Late Proterozoic Pb loss. Near the Nain–Makkovik boundary, 1269 ± 4 Ma zircons indicate a significant extension of the Nain Platonic Suite. South of the Makkovik boundary, a foliated granite yielded an upper intercept age defining intrusion at 1895 ± 8 Ma and concordant 1872 ± 5 Ma titanite ages that date subsequent metamorphism. Discordant U–Pb ages from an alkali-feldspar granite also constrain crystallization to ca. 1890 Ma and together with the gneiss represent the previously defined Iggiuk event in the Kaipokok domain. Wells near the southerly end of the transect record 1801 ± 5, 1813 ± 3, and 1806 ± 8 Ma ages, respectively, that are typical of the synorogenic granitoid suite representing the Cape Harrison domain of southern Makkovik Province.

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13

Scheepers, R. "U-Pb zircon age of Cape Granite Suite ignimbrites: characteristics of the last phases of the Saldanian magmatism." South African Journal of Geology 105, no. 2 (June 1, 2002): 163–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/105.2.163.

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14

Rozendaal, A., and L. Bruwer. "Tourmaline nodules: indicators of hydrothermal alteration and SnZn(W) mineralization in the Cape Granite Suite, South Africa." Journal of African Earth Sciences 21, no. 1 (July 1995): 141–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(95)00088-b.

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15

Jordaan, L. J., R. Scheepers, and E. S. Barton. "The geochemistry and isotopic composition of the mafic and intermediate igneous components of the Cape Granite Suite, South Africa." Journal of African Earth Sciences 21, no. 1 (July 1995): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(95)00075-5.

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16

Scheepers, R. "New U-Pb SHRIMP zircon ages of the Cape Granite Suite: implications for the magmatic evolution of the Saldania Belt." South African Journal of Geology 105, no. 3 (September 1, 2002): 241–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/1050241.

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17

Scheepers, R., and A. Ozendaal. "Phosphorus as a typological and mineralization potential indicator: the Cape Granite Suite of the Saldania belt as a case study." Journal of African Earth Sciences 21, no. 1 (July 1995): 127–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(95)00081-4.

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18

Clemens, J. D., P. M. Marara, G. Stevens, and J. Taylor. "Magmatic clasts in the Saldanha ignimbrites, and Trekoskraal beach pebbles: missing pieces from the volcanic puzzle in the Cape Granite Suite." South African Journal of Geology 123, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 75–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.25131/sajg.123.0004.

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Abstract Previous studies have shown that the 542 Ma Saldanha eruption centre, situated on the west coast of South Africa, consists of the basal Saldanha Ignimbrite, which is partly intermingled with and partly overlain by the Jacobs Bay Ignimbrite, both having S-type characteristics. Together, the Saldanha eruption centre and the Postberg eruption centre (to the south, across Saldanha Bay) form part of the volcanic phase of the Cape Granite Suite. The lowermost parts of the Jacob’s Bay Ignimbrite contain magma clasts that are chemically dissimilar to their host ignimbrites. Some clasts are recrystallized ignimbrites that are chemically distinct from any unit that has outcrop expression, and are inferred to form part of a previously unrecognised volcanic event. Other clasts are non-fragmental, hypabyssal rocks that were evidently intruded prior to the explosive intracaldera eruptions that formed the Saldanha ignimbrites. Beach cobbles and pebbles, sampled from the Trekoskraal coastal area, include three texturally and chemically distinct groups – rhyolitic ignimbrites, rhyolitic hypabyssal rocks and dacitic hypabyssal rocks or lavas. Only a minority of these rocks (from the rhyolitic ignimbrite group) show some chemical affinities with the Saldanha Bay ignimbrites. The other pebble types show neither chemical nor textural similarities with the rocks of either the Saldanha or the Postberg eruption centres. The pebbles and cobbles also have no chemical affinities with any of the granitic intrusive rocks of the region. Their chemical and isotopic characteristics suggest that a variety of different magma batches were formed through partial melting of heterogeneous Malmesbury Group metamorphic rocks, at depth. LA-ICP-MS dating of igneous zircon crystals from two of the pebbles (a low-silica rhyolite ignimbrite and a dacite) yielded magmatic ages of 540 ± 4 Ma and 533 ± 4 Ma, respectively. Taking uncertainty brackets into account, these new dates suggest that there may have been a 3 Myr hiatus in eruptive activity, between the eruptions responsible for the exposed Saldanha ignimbrites and the eruptions that produced the volcanic units from which the pebbles were derived. This confirms the inference that there was a previously unidentified, later, volcanic event associated with the Cape Granite Suite in the Saldanha area.

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19

Da Silva, L. C., P. G. Gresse, R. Scheepers, N. J. McNaughton, L. A. Hartmann, and I. Fletcher. "UPb SHRIMP and SmNd age constraints on the timing and sources of the Pan-African Cape Granite Suite, South Africa." Journal of African Earth Sciences 30, no. 4 (May 2000): 795–815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0899-5362(00)00053-1.

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20

Archibald, D. B., S. M. Barr, J. B. Murphy, C. E. White, T. G. MacHattie, E. A. Escarraga, M. A. Hamilton, and C. R. M. McFarlane. "Field relationships, petrology, age, and tectonic setting of the Late Cambrian–Ordovician West Barneys River Plutonic Suite, southern Antigonish Highlands, Nova Scotia, Canada." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 50, no. 7 (July 2013): 727–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2012-0158.

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The West Barneys River Plutonic Suite consists of gabbro, syenite-monzonite, alkali-feldspar syenite to quartz alkali-feldspar syenite, and alkali-feldspar granite outcropping in an area of ∼100 km2 in the southern Antigonish Highlands. Magma mixing and mingling textures indicate a comagmatic relationship between some of the mafic and intermediate–felsic lithologies. However, nine U–Pb (zircon) ages, three by thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) and six by laser-ablation – inductively coupled plasma – mass spectrometry (LA–ICP–MS), from the West Barneys River suite and the lithologically similar Cape Porcupine Complex located 60 km to the east range from ca. 495 to 460 Ma, indicating that emplacement occurred over a significant span of time. Intermediate to felsic rocks consist mainly of perthitic K-feldspar and variable amounts of quartz; interstitial granophyre is present in some samples, consistent with shallow emplacement. Mafic phases are Fe-rich amphibole and clinopyroxene, and in some units, fayalite. Intermediate and felsic samples have chemical characteristics of within-plate ferroan A-type granitoid rocks. Gabbroic rocks consist of plagioclase (oligoclase–labradorite) and augite/diopside with less abundant orthopyroxene, olivine, biotite, and ilmenite/magnetite. Their chemical compositions are transitional from tholeiitic to alkalic and characteristic of continental within-plate mafic rocks. The εNd values are similar in gabbroic, syenitic, and granitic samples, ranging between 0.9 and 4.9, consistent with a co-genetic origin for the mafic and intermediate/felsic components of the suite, and derivation from Avalonian subcontinental lithospheric mantle in an extensional environment.

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21

Dunning, G. R., D. H. C. Wilton, and R. K. Herd. "Geology, geochemistry and geochronology of a taconic batholith, southwestern Newfoundland." Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 80, no. 2 (1989): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263593300014449.

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ABSTRACTFoliated to massive hornblende and biotite-bearing tonalite, trondhjemite and granodiorite comprise a terrane of batholithic dimensions in southwestern to central Newfoundland. These rocks intrude and include Ordovician ophiolite fragments and metasedimentary rocks of Fleur de Lys type, and are cut by a suite of Silurian gabbro-diorite and norite and Siluro-Devonian (?) granite intrusions.A U/Pb (zircon, sphene) age of 456 ± 3 Ma (2σ) and a K/Ar (hornblende) age of 455 ± 14 Ma (previously reported) for a representative least-deformed tonalite of the Southwest Brook Complex indicate that it crystallised and cooled in Caradoc time. A less precise U/Pb (zircon) age of 428 ± 41 Ma (2σ) is measured for tonalitic Cape Ray Granite in southern Newfoundland. On discrimination diagrams which use Rb, Nb and Y contents to infer tectonic setting, these rocks fall in the field of volcanic arc granites. The occurrence of zircon cores with average ages of 1430 + 18/–17 and 1541 ± 173 Ma (2σ) also indicate that the magmas formed in part by partial melting of Proterozoic crust, or sediments derived from such crust. It is suggested that the tonalitic magmas were generated during the Taconic Orogeny in an arc: continent collision zone at the ancient margin of eastern North America.Tonalitic rocks in western Newfoundland broadly correlative in age and chemistry with the batholith include the Burlington Granodiorite and Hungry Mountain Complex, as well as allochthonous slices of foliated tonalite emplaced over Ordovician platform carbonates W of Grand Lake.

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22

Shawwa, Nabil A., Robert P. Raeside, David W. A. McMullin, and Christopher R. M. McFarlane. "Employing contact metamorphism to assess the conditions of pluton emplacement and timing of recrystallization in southwestern Kellys Mountain, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 54, no. 11 (November 2017): 1165–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2017-0052.

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At Kellys Mountain, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, the late Neoproterozoic Glen Tosh formation (a low-grade metapsammite–metapelite unit of the George River Metamorphic Suite) has been intruded by diorite, granodiorite, and granite plutons, and the diorite hosts a narrow contact metamorphic aureole. New mapping and sampling in the contact aureole reveals that the metasedimentary rocks have reached amphibolite-facies metamorphism resulting in the development of neoformed biotite, muscovite, cordierite, ilmenite, garnet, andalusite, sillimanite, monazite, and spinel within the meta-pelite, a mineral assemblage also found in the Kellys Mountain Gneiss as a result of low-pressure regional metamorphism. Neoformed minerals and the disappearance of foliation defines a contact metamorphic aureole within 300 m of the pluton contacts. Petrographic and microprobe analyses of equilibrium assemblages in metapelitic units of the contact aureole yielded metamorphic pressures of 250 MPa, implying an intrusion depth of ∼9 km, with temperatures ranging from 365 to 590 °C. The presence of earlier-formed andalusite and garnet indicates the rocks may have initially undergone a low-pressure regional metamorphic event prior to contact metamorphism. Monazite in the contact aureole was dated using in-situ U–Pb methods and yielded an age of 480.9 ± 3.7 Ma, interpreted as the time of formation of the contact metamorphic aureole.

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23

Slaman, L. R., S. M. Barr, C. E. White, and D. van Rooyen. "Age and tectonic setting of granitoid plutons in the Chéticamp belt, western Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, Canada." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 54, no. 1 (January 2017): 88–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2016-0073.

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Geological mapping in the Chéticamp granitoid belt in combination with petrographic and geochemical studies and U–Pb (zircon) dating by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry have resulted in major reinterpretation of the geology in the western part of the Ganderian Aspy terrane of Cape Breton Island. Nine new U–Pb (zircon) ages show that the former “Chéticamp pluton” consists of 10 separate plutons of five different ages: late Neoproterozoic (ca. 567 Ma), Cambrian–Ordovician (490–482 Ma), Ordovician–Silurian (442–440 Ma), mid-Silurian (ca. 428 Ma), and late Devonian (366 Ma). The three late Neoproterozoic granodioritic to monzogranitic plutons are older than the adjacent metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks of the Jumping Brook Metamorphic Suite, whereas the tonalitic to quartz dioritic Cambrian–Ordovician plutons intruded those metamorphic rocks. Petrographic characteristics and approximately 100 whole-rock chemical analyses show that with the exception of the mid-Silurian Grand Falaise alkali-feldspar granite, which has A-type within-plate characteristics, the plutonic units have calc-alkaline affinity and were emplaced in a volcanic-arc tectonic setting. These results are evidence that fragments of a long history of episodic subduction-related magmatism and terrane collision are preserved in this small part of Ganderia. Eight new Sm–Nd isotopic analyses are consistent with the Ganderian affinity of the Chéticamp plutonic belt. The ca. 490–482 Ma plutons are the first direct evidence in Cape Breton Island for the Penobscottian event recognized in the Exploits Subzone of central Newfoundland and in New Brunswick. However, the structural relationship of the Chéticamp plutonic belt to the rest of the Aspy and Bras d’Or terranes remains enigmatic, as is the apparent absence of effects of Devonian deformation and metamorphism in the older plutonic units.

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24

Fouché, N., and S. Y. Asante. "The collapsible nature of residual granite soils of the Cape Granite Suite." Journal of the South African Institution of Civil Engineering 61, no. 2 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2309-8775/2019/v61n2a6.

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25

Scott, Mari, Petrus le Roux, Judith Sealy, and Robyn Pickering. "Lead and strontium isotopes as palaeodietary indicators in the Western Cape of South Africa." South African Journal of Science 116, no. 5/6 (May 27, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2020/6700.

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We analysed the isotopic compositions of bioavailable strontium (Sr) and lead (Pb) in 47 samples of animals and plants derived from the various geological substrates of southwestern South Africa, to explore the utility of these isotope systems as dietary tracers. Measurements were made using high-resolution multi-collector inductively-coupled-plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS). 87Sr/86Sr could efficiently discriminate between geologically recent sediments of marine origin in near-coastal environments and older geologies further inland. However, 87Sr/86Sr was not able to distinguish between the Cape Granite Suite and the Cape System (Table Mountain sandstones), whereas Pb isotopes could, demonstrating the utility of this hitherto underused isotope system. Bioavailable 87Sr/86Sr in near-coastal terrestrial environments is influenced by marine input, whereas Pb isotopic ratios are not, because of low concentrations of Pb in seawater. There is considerable potential to use Pb isotopes as a dietary and palaeodietary tracer in near-coastal systems in fields as diverse as archaeology, palaeontology, wildlife ecology and forensics. Significance: • This study is the first investigation of the potential of Pb isotopes as a dietary tracer in southwestern South Africa. • Pb isotopes are a valuable dietary tracer; used in combination with 87Sr/86Sr, they can extend our knowledge of landscape usage in coastal-marine environments. • Pb isotopes have also shown to be useful in samples from the 1980s, collected during the time when leaded petrol was in use in South Africa; however, these samples were from remote areas with low motor vehicle emissions.

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26

Martins, Fernando Antonio Guimarães, Antonio Carlos Gondim de Andrade E Silva, and Mirian Cruxên Barros De Oliveira. "PETROGRAFIA, PETROQUÍMICA E METALOGENIA DO GRANITO SERRA DO PARATIÚ, CANANÉIA, ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO." Boletim Paranaense de Geociências 54 (June 30, 2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/geo.v54i0.4250.

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A região estudada é composta por rochas do Maciço Granítico Serra do Paratiú MGSP, rochas metamórficas do Complexo Turvo-Cajati (ou metarritmitos Iguape), formações sedimentares Plio-Pleistocênicas do Grupo Mar Pequeno (Formação Cananéia e, muito subordinadamente, as Formações Pariqüera-Açu e Ilha Comprida) e coberturas holocênicas de origem continental, marinha e mista. O MGSP, Neoproterozóico Eopaleozóico, está inserido na Plataforma Sul-Americana, no contexto geotectônico do embasamento cristalino sul-sudeste brasileiro (Bloco Iguape), pertencendo à Suíte Intrusiva Serra do Mar. Acha-se intrudido em rochas metamórficas do Complexo Turvo-Cajati (Paleoproterozóico), onde, localmente, junto ao contato com o corpo granítico, verifica-se biotita-cordierita hornfels denotando metamorfismo de contato. Constitui-se em um corpo, circunscrito, de forma levemente ovalada, com aproximadamente 70 km² de área aflorante; muito homogêneo, onde predomina biotita monzogranito, porfirítico, de cor cinza claro e, subordinadamente, biotita sienogranito. É fracamente peraluminoso, do tipo subsolvus, e coloca-se nos termos finais da série cálcioalcalina. A hipótese de que o Granito Serra do Paratiú seja pós-orogênico é reforçada pelas evidências de campo (forma do corpo, metamorfismo de contato) e petroquímicas. Os dados petroquímicos permitem posicionálo como um granito mais pertinente à classe dos granitos pós-colisionais, variável de pós-tectônico a anorogênico, com dados composicionais, relativos a alguns elementos (Y, Nb, Rb, Zr) e óxidos (SiO2, K2O), que permitem visualizá-lo ora como tipo I reduzido e ora como tipo A, formado por fusão da crosta inferior, altamente fracionada, à semelhança do que ocorre com os granitos australianos Ackley e Sandy Cape, cujas características geoquímicas são compatíveis com os granitos do tipo A, mas geológica e petrograficamente são, respectivamente, granitos do tipo I e S. Os granitos da Suíte Serra do Mar, da qual o MGSP faz parte, apresentam idades radiométricas de 580 ± 20 Ma. Concomitantemente ao trabalho de mapeamento geológico desse Maciço Granítico efetuou-se, em seu domínio, a coleta de amostras de sedimentos ativos de corrente, que foram analisadas para os elementos Cu, Zn, Pb, Li, Mo, Bi, F e Sn, e de concentrados de bateia, que foram submetidos a análises mineralógicas. A integração de todos os dados obtidos durante esta pesquisa permitiu concluir que o MGSP corresponde a um corpo estéril, do ponto de vista de exploração mineral, e que sua esterilidade deve-se a um conjunto de situações desfavoráveis, tais como: ausência de um protólito enriquecido em metal; não desenvolvimento de uma fase de pré-concentração durante a evolução magmática; presença de um conjunto de minerais acessórios cafêmicos e seqüestradores de metal na fase magmática precoce (ilmenita, magnetita, etc); e liberação precoce da fase aquosa, prejudicando qualquer compensação e sucesso de concentração hidrotermal. PETROGRAPHY, PETROCHEMISTRY AND METALLOGENY OF THE SERRA DO PARATIÚ GRANITE, CANANÉIA, SÃO PAULO STATE Abstract The studied region is made up of rocks of the Serra do Paratiú Granite Massif SPGM, metamorphic rocks of Turvo-Cajati Complex (metarhytmites Iguape), sedimentary formation Plio-Pleistocenic of Mar Pequeno Group (Cananéia Formation and, subordinated, Pariqüera-Açú and Ilha Comprida formations) and holocenic sediments of continental, marine and mixed origin. The SPGM Neoproterozoic Eopaleozoic is inserted in the South American Platform, in the geotectonic complex of the Brazilian south-southeast crystalline basement (Iguape Block), integrating the Serra do Mar intrusive suite. It is intruded in the metamorphic rocks of the Turvo- Cajati complex (Paleoproterozoic), where locally there are contact metamorphic rocks, mainly biotite-cordoerite hornfels. It is a lightly oval shaped circumscribed and discordant body with approximately 70 km² of outcrop area, relatively homogeneous constituted by biotite-monzogranite, porphyritic, grey color and subordinated botitesienogranite. The SPGM is weakly peraluminous, of subsolvus type and belongs to the end of a chalcalkaline series. The hypothesis that Serra do Paratiú Granites is post-orogenic is reinforced by petrochemical data and field evidence (shape of the body, contact metamorphism). The petrochemical data allows to put the SPGM as post-collision granite. Post-tectonic to anorogenic with data of some elements (Y, Nb, Rb, Zr) and oxides (SiO2, K2O) that allow to consider it as I or A type, formed by fusion of high fractionated inferior Crust. This fact is similar to those of hybrid us granites of Australia (Ackley and Sandy Cape), which geochemical characteristics are compatible with type A granites, but geological and aerographical data suggest that they are respectively of type I and S. The granites of Serra do Mar Suite including the SPGM present radiometric ages of 580 ± 20 Ma. Concomitantly to the work of geological mapping of this granite massif, samples of active stream sediments were taken, which were analyzed for Cu, Pub, Zn, Li, Mo, Bi, F and Son. Panned concentrated samples also were taken to mineralogical analysis. The integration of all data obtained during this research suggests that the SPGM is a sterile granite due to several unfavorable situations, such as: absence of a protoplast enriched with metal; no development of pre-concentration phase during the magmatic evolution; presence of a group of cafemic and metal kidnappers accessory minerals during early-magmatic phase (ilmenite, magnetite, etc,), and precocious liberation of a volatile phase, not allowing hydrothermal concentration.

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