Journal articles: 'Capillary water absorption'

1

Xiao, Qianhui, Xiaolin Liu, Jisheng Qiu, and Yangyang Li. "Capillary Water Absorption Characteristics of Recycled Concrete in Freeze-Thaw Environment." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2020 (May 7, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1620914.

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In order to study the capillary water absorption characteristics of recycled concrete (RAC) with different replacement rates of recycled coarse aggregate (0, 20%, 40%, and 60%) in freeze-thaw environment, the standard test method of measuring the water absorption of hydraulic cement concrete (ASTM C1585-13) was adopted, and the influence mechanism of freeze-thaw cycle and replacement rate of recycled coarse aggregate on the capillary water absorption of RAC was analyzed, and a prediction model of initial capillary water absorption of RAC in freeze-thaw environment was established. The results show that when the freeze-thaw environment is the same, the greater the replacement rate of recycled coarse aggregate, the greater the cumulative water absorption of RAC, the faster the initial capillary water absorption, and the stronger the capillary water absorption; when the freeze-thaw environment is different, the more the freeze-thaw cycles, the greater the cumulative water absorption of RAC with the same replacement rate of recycled coarse aggregate, the faster the initial capillary water absorption, and the stronger the capillary water absorption. The prediction model of RAC initial capillary water absorption established by regression analysis has high accuracy, which can be used to predict RAC capillary water absorption performance and provide theoretical basis for the research of RAC frost resistance durability.

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Ardiani, Septia, Handika Rahmayanti, and Nurul Akmalia. "The Study of Paper Capillarity with a Simple Technique." Jurnal Ilmiah Publipreneur 8, no. 1 (August 30, 2020): 34–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.46961/jip.v8i1.55.

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The study of water absorption by capillarity on paper with a simple technique is simple but important to do to inform the public about the characteristics of paper and for the development of research on the absorption of different types of paper. In this study, five types of paper were used, namely HVS paper, cardboard, tissue paper, concord paper and buffalo paper. In the capillary water absorption test on paper, the physical quantities analyzed are the water absorption, the absorption time and the water absorption rate. The capillarity of the paper is a comparison of the rate of water absorption by the paper which is analyzed using the straight line movement approach. The value of water absorption is estimated using the ratio between the height of water absorption and the time absorption. Based on the results of the capillary test on paper, it was found that the water absorption height for the five types of paper increases with increasing absorption time. The highest water absorption capacity is tissue paper, which is 7.4 ± 0.2 cm every 180 seconds. While the lowest water absorption capillarity is HVS paper which is 0.5 ± 0.1 cm at the 180th second. Cardstock and buffalo paper have almost the same water absorption value and are higher than HVS paper and match. The absorption speed which is almost the same between cardboard and buffalo paper is due to the fact that both belong to the same type of paper, namely printing paper.

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Liu, Xue Wu, Jin Bo Yang, Kai Quan Xia, Peng Zhang, and Zhan Guo Li. "Capillary Absorption Dynamics for Cementitious Material Considering Water Evaporation and Tortuosity of Capillary Pores." Advanced Materials Research 821-822 (September 2013): 1213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.821-822.1213.

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This paper presents the theoretical analysis of capillary absorption dynamics for cemementitious material. Fractal theory is applied to analyse tortuosity of capillary pores in cementitious material and a definition of tortuosity is given. The dynamic equation of capillary absorption considering water evaporation and tortuosity of capillary pores is derived. Based on the dynamic model, the capillary coefficient and sorptivity of concrete are explained theoretically. In absorption test, water evaporation is one of the main reasons caused variations from linearity between water absorption height and the square root of time, or between water amount absorbed and the square root of time. In cementitious material, the evaporation rate is very small compare to capillary flow velocity at the initial time of absorption test. For simplification of testing procedure, there is no meaning to modify absorption test.

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Gao, Qi, Zhiming Ma, Jianzhuang Xiao, and Fuan Li. "Effects of Imposed Damage on the Capillary Water Absorption of Recycled Aggregate Concrete." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (October 8, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2890931.

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Capillary water absorption of concrete is closely related to its pore structure, permeability, and durability. This paper intensively investigates the effects of imposed damage, including freeze-thaw damage and loading damage, on the capillary water absorption of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC). Freeze-thaw cycle test, loading test, and the experiment of capillary water absorption were carried out, respectively. The results demonstrate that the addition of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) results in the increase in the capillary absorption behavior of RAC without imposed damage, and there exists a linear correlation between the behaviors of capillary water absorption and chloride penetration of RAC. The imposed freeze-thaw damage or load damage of RAC boosts with the increase of RCA replacement percentages after suffering the same freeze-thaw cycles or loading level. The imposed freeze-thaw damage and load damage further lead to the increase in the capillary water absorption of RAC, and the capillary absorption coefficient of RAC increases linearly with the increased RCA replacement percentages, after suffering the same freeze-thaw cycles or loading level. Furthermore, capillary absorption coefficient increases linearly with the growth of imposed freeze-thaw damage or load damage degree, which can be used to estimate the capillary absorption behavior of RAC exposed to the extreme environment.

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Hall, Christopher. "Capillary water absorption by a porous cylinder." Journal of Building Physics 42, no. 2 (August 21, 2017): 120–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1744259117724523.

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Capillary absorption (imbibition) of water by a porous cylinder is described by means of a Sharp-Front model. The cumulative absorption increases as (time)1/2 at early times, but more slowly as the wet front approaches the cylinder axis. Results are given in terms of dimensionless variables. Experimental data on plaster cylinders are in good agreement with theory. Estimates of the sorptivity and effective porosity of the material can be obtained. The model may be useful in testing drilled cores and may also be applied to radial flow through the wall of a porous tube (hence to conduits and arches).

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Tomašić, Ivan, Dražen Lukić, Nataša Peček, and Ana Kršinić. "Dynamics of capillary water absorption in natural stone." Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment 70, no. 4 (February 11, 2011): 673–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10064-011-0355-x.

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Wang, Ru, Dao Xun Ma, and Pei Ming Wang. "Waterproof Performance of Polymer-Modified Cement Mortar." Advanced Materials Research 687 (April 2013): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.687.213.

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This paper tested the capillary water absorption, impermeability and cracking of cement mortars modified with three polymers respectively and founded the correlation of cracking with the waterproof performance. The results show that with the polymer content increasing, especially as the polymer/cement ratio (mp/mc) increases from 0% to 5%, the reduction in the capillary water absorption and the penetration depth of water into mortar is significant. When the mp/mc is more than 15%, the increase of the mp/mc in all mortars has little effect on the capillary water absorption and the penetration depth. For the purpose of reducing the cracking weighted value, the styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) dispersion and the styrene-acrylic copolymer (SAE) powder are superior to the SAE dispersion. Regardless what kinds of polymers, the capillary water absorption and the penetration depth of water into mortar show exponential growth with the increasing cracking weighted value.

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Ma, Dao Xun, Yan Liu, and Yong Lai. "The Influence of Pore Structure on the Waterproof Performance of Polymer Modified Mortar." Applied Mechanics and Materials 584-586 (July 2014): 1130–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.584-586.1130.

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This paper tested the pore structure, capillary water absorption and impermeability of cement mortars modified with three polymers respectively, establishing the relationship between the pore structure and waterproof performance. The results show that with the polymer dosage growing, especially as the polymer/cement ratio (mp/mc) increases from 0% to 5%, the reduction in the capillary water absorption and the penetration depth of water into mortar is significant. In themp/mcrange of 0%~20% the open porosity presents a gradual decrease trend. The capillary water absorption and the penetration depth of water into mortar show linear growth and exponential growth respectively with the open porosity increasing.

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Zhu, Ya Guang, Pei Zhen Xu, Qiu Yi Li, and Chuan Li. "Influence of Water Repellent Surface Impregnation on Water Absorption Properties of Recycled Aggregate Concrete." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 5011–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.5011.

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This paper aimed to investigate the influence of using silane surface water repellent treatment on the capillary water absorption properties of recycled aggregate concrete. In this study, two types of coarse aggregate, natural aggregates and recycled aggregates were used, and the surface water repellent treatment of concrete was produced by brushing 100g/m2 and 200g/m2 of paste. It was found that the silane impregnation depth of recycled concrete was deeper than that of natural concrete, and the surface treatment was more effective in the improvement of capillary water absorption properties of recycled aggregate concrete than the natural aggregate concrete.

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Wang, Li Cheng, and Shu Hong Li. "Numerical Solutions for Capillary Absorption by Cementitious Materials." Applied Mechanics and Materials 94-96 (September 2011): 1560–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.94-96.1560.

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Capillary absorption is essential to mass migration in cementitious materials. Based on previous studies, capillary rise involving gravity effects is of much greater interest in porous building materials because equilibrium is attained at the wetting front when gravitational force balance the capillary force. In this paper, two different solution forms, semi-analytical and numerical, are presented to account for the gravity effect for realistical prediction of water penetration process. The former is stable against small perturbation proved by Stepanyants [1]. The comparison of predicted results by the two methods confirms the reliability of the technique in estimating water transport.

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Zhang, Jianchao, Shuxian Hong, Biqin Dong, Luping Tang, Chen Lin, Zhichao Liu, and Feng Xing. "Water distribution modelling of capillary absorption in cementitious materials." Construction and Building Materials 216 (August 2019): 468–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.05.023.

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Hong, Shuxian, Wanqiong Yao, Bangwen Guo, Chen Lin, Biqin Dong, Weiwen Li, Dongshuai Hou, and Feng Xing. "Water distribution characteristics in cement paste with capillary absorption." Construction and Building Materials 240 (April 2020): 117767. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117767.

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13

Meng, Tao, Huadong Wei, Kanjun Ying, and Menghua Wang. "Analysis of the Effect of Nano-SiO2 and Waterproofing Agent on the Water Transportation Process in Mortar Using NMR." Applied Sciences 10, no. 21 (November 6, 2020): 7867. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10217867.

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Moisture diffusion in cement-based materials significantly impacts its durability. In this study, we analyzed the effect of adding a waterproofing agent and nano-SiO2 (NS) on the water transportation process in mortar using capillary water absorption tests and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology. The results indicate that the combined action of the waterproofing agent and nano-SiO2 drastically reduce the capillary water absorption coefficient and have a more significant impact than only adding the waterproofing agent. The moisture diffusion in different sections of the mortar during the water absorption process is obtained from the NMR test results and two function models. Comparative studies indicate that the NMR test results have good correlation with the capillary water absorption test results and provide accurate process data. The NMR analysis results offer a new analytical method to characterize the porosity of cement-based materials by continuously monitoring small-pitch sections.

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14

Herki, Bengin. "Absorption Characteristics of Lightweight Concrete Containing Densified Polystyrene." Civil Engineering Journal 3, no. 8 (August 30, 2017): 594–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2017-00000115.

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The environmental impacts of the construction industry can be minimised through using waste and recycled materials to replace natural resources. Results are presented of an experimental study concerning capillary transport of water in concrete incorporating densified expanded polystyrene (EPS) as a novel aggregate. A new environmentally friendly technique of densifying was used to improve the resistance to segregation of EPS beads in concrete. Twelve concrete mixes with three different water/cement ratios of 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 with varying novel aggregate content ratios of 0, 30, 60 and 100% as partial replacement for natural aggregate by equivalent volume were prepared and tested. Total absorption, absorption by capillary action, and compressive strength was determined for the various concrete mixes at different curing times. The results indicated that there is an increase in total water absorption (WA) and capillary water absorption (CWA) and a decrease in compressive strength with increasing amounts of the novel aggregate in concrete. However, there is no significant difference between the CWA of control and concretes containing lower replacement level.

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15

Li, Dong, Shi Liu, and Haiqing Liu. "Effect of Capillary Water Absorption on Electrical Resistivity of Concrete with Coal Gangue Ceramsite as Coarse Aggregates." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (April 30, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6623808.

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This study intends to access the influence of the capillary action on electrical property of the concrete containing the coal gangue ceramsite. For this purpose, four kinds of concrete samples were prepared; the coal gangue ceramsite was adopted at four volume ratios of 0%, 30%, 60%, and 100%, respectively. The resistivity of the samples was explored using the two-electrode method during the capillary action. The effects of the coal gangue ceramsite contents on capillary water absorption capacity and resistivity of the matrix were verified. The variation of the resistivity of the matrix under the influence of capillary water transmission was analyzed. The results demonstrated that, for the unsaturated concrete, the resistivity of the matrix increased with the increment of the coal gangue ceramsite dosage. The electrical properties of the concrete were affected noticeably by the capillary water absorption of the matrix; the resistivity of the matrix dropped significantly under the capillary suction, which may be attributed to the formation of the new conductive channels caused by the absorbed water. The variation of the resistivity of the concrete under the capillary suction sustained the two-stage reduction curve. The ability of the capillary water absorption of concrete was enhanced with the addition of coal gangue ceramsite, compared to the traditional aggregates concrete, the initial sorptivity, and secondary sorptivity of the matrix increased by 47% and 16% with the 100% content of coal gangue ceramsite. However, during the process of the capillary suction, the resistivity of the coal gangue ceramic concrete was always greater than that of the concrete with traditional crushed aggregates.

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Ma, Qingwen, and Sihan Liu. "Effect on Silt Capillary Water Absorption upon Addition of Sodium Methyl Silicate (SMS) and Microscopic Mechanism Analysis." Coatings 10, no. 8 (July 24, 2020): 724. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10080724.

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Silt has the characteristics of developed capillary pores and strong water sensitivity, and capillary water is an important factor inducing the erosion and slumping of silt sites. Therefore, in order to suppress the effect of capillary water, this article discusses the improvement effect of sodium methyl silicate (SMS) on silt. The effect was investigated by capillary water rise testing and contact angle measurement, and the inhibition mechanism is discussed from the microscopic view by X-ray diffraction (XRD) testing, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) testing, scanning electron microscope (SEM) testing and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) testing. The results show that SMS can effectively inhibit the rise of capillary water in silt, the maximum height of capillary rise can be reduced to 0 cm when the ratio of SMS (g) to silt (g) increases to 0.5%, and its contact angle is 120.2°. In addition, considering also the XRD, XRF, SEM and MIP test results, it is considered that SMS forms a water-repellent membrane by reacting with water and carbon dioxide, which evenly distribute on the surface of silt particles. The membrane reduces the surface energy and enhances the water repellence of silt, and combines with small particles in the soil, reduces the number of 2.5 μm pores and inhibits the rise of capillary water.

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Luo, Ming Liang, Jia Lin Liu, Le Jun Liao, Zi Long Jia, and Hou Tai Sun. "Stimulation Mechanism of SDS Nanoemulsion in Tight Gas Reservoirs." Advanced Materials Research 418-420 (December 2011): 82–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.418-420.82.

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The stimulation mechanisms of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) nanoemulsion in tight gas reservoir were analyzed by capillary force, core spontaneous imbibitions, cleanup effect and core flow experiments. The results show that SDS nanoemulsion could hold back capillarity effectively, reduce the water absorption and reduce water block damage. The initial water saturation of core decreases by 85.12% and the gas effective permeability regains by 42.03%, which improves the stimulation effect in tight gas reservoir substantially

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Węgliński, Szymon. "Capillary water absorption in mixtures of cohesive soils stabilized with cement and hydrophobic agent." Budownictwo i Architektura 20, no. 2 (June 2, 2021): 015–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.2422.

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The paper presents the results of tests on capillary water absorption of mixtures from cohesive soils - clayey sand and sandy clay - stabilized with cement and the addition of a hydrophobic binder. Studies have shown that the appropriate addition of diamidoamine lactate allows to limit the penetration of water inside the stabilized samples, which increases their frost resistance. The mixtures with the additive showed lower capillary water absorption compared to the mixtures stabilized only with cement, especially in the first few hours after soaking with water.

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Orlowsky, Jeanette, Franziska Braun, and Melanie Groh. "The Influence of 30 Years Outdoor Weathering on the Durability of Hydrophobic Agents Applied on Obernkirchener Sandstones." Buildings 10, no. 1 (January 20, 2020): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings10010018.

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The durability of eleven different water repellents applied on one sandstone type was studied after a long-term weathering at seven different locations in Germany. By measuring colour changes, it could be shown that the formation of black crusts, the deposition of particles and biogenic growth caused a gradual darkening as well as significant changes in total colour over time. Additionally, the water absorption behaviour was investigated with two different methods: applying a low pressure using the pipe method and capillary water absorption measurements from a wet underlay. Afterwards, the test results were analysed with four different evaluation methods: calculation of the protection degree from pipe method and capillary water absorption, determination of the velocity of water uptake during capillary water absorption and calculation of the damaged depth of the stone surface using single-sided NMR technique. The growing damaged depth leads to an increase of the water uptake velocity and to a decrease of the protection degree of the applied hydrophobing agents. Three protective agents based on isobutyltrimethoxysilane showed already after two years of outdoor weathering a clear loss of performance, which significantly increased after 30 years of exposure.

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Wang, Licheng, and Tamon Ueda. "Mesoscale modeling of water penetration into concrete by capillary absorption." Ocean Engineering 38, no. 4 (March 2011): 519–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2010.12.019.

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Li, Xinxin, Shenghong Chen, Qing Xu, and Yi Xu. "Modeling Capillary Water Absorption in Concrete with Discrete Crack Network." Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 30, no. 1 (January 2018): 04017263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0002122.

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Hall, C., W. D. Hoff, S. C. Taylor, M. A. Wilson, Beom-Gi Yoon, H. W. Reinhardt, M. Sosoro, P. Meredith, and A. M. Donald. "Water anomaly in capillary liquid absorption by cement-based materials." Journal of Materials Science Letters 14, no. 17 (1993): 1178–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00291799.

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Wittmann, F. H., A. D. A. Wittmann, and P. G. Wang. "Capillary Absorption of Integral Water Repellent and Surface Impregnated Concrete." Restoration of Buildings and Monuments 20, no. 4 (August 1, 2014): 281–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rbm14.20.4-0026.

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Li, Xin, Nan Guo Jin, Ye Tian, and Xian Yu Jin. "Experimental Study on the Capillary Absorption of Cement-Based Materials and Analysis of Influencing Factors." Applied Mechanics and Materials 405-408 (September 2013): 2644–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.405-408.2644.

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Capillary absorption effect is very important to the research of concrete durability. Initial surface absorption test (ISAT) method has been employed to investigate the effect of W/C, age, aggregate volume percent and concentration of NaCl solution as a transmission medium of the capillary absorption of the cement-based materials. Experiment results indicate that, the capillary absorption coefficient increases with the increasing of W/C, but decreases with the increasing of age and aggregate volume percent. Within a certain range of low concentration, the capillary absorption coefficient increases with the increasing of the concentration of NaCl solution, however when the concentration is too high, the transmission rate will be lower than pure water. This investigation provides an experimental foundation for the durability design and service life assessment of concrete structures.

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Ma, Kun Lin, You Jun Xie, Guang Cheng Long, and Jian Huang. "Experimental Study on Salt Solution Ingress into Concrete under Capillary Siphon Effect." Advanced Materials Research 150-151 (October 2010): 788–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.150-151.788.

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Salt solution ingress into concrete will result in serious deterioration of concrete materials, and then bring concrete structure in danger. So researchers pay more attention to the transportation of salt solution in concrete. In this paper, the ingress of 5% NaCl, 5%Na2SO4 and H2O into concrete under capillary siphon effect were investigated, and the influence factors such as water to binder ratio, mineral admixture, porosity and pore structure were also analyzed by methods of capillary solution-absorption experiment and evaporated water test. Results show that in capillary siphon effect, first the salt solution ingress into concrete increase quickly in very short time and then with the increase of time the solution absorption mass keep stable gradually. The types of salt solution are not the decisive factors controlling the solution ingress. Addition proper mineral admixture such as compound of fly ash (FA) and silica fume (SF) can decrease solution absorption mass under capillary siphon effect efficiently. In capillary effect, pores with aperture above 30 nm have close relativity with solution absorption mass. The decrease of porosity and improvement of pore structure can reduce the ingress of solution into concrete.

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Soares, António, Maria Júlio, Inês Flores-Colen, Laura Ilharco, Jorge de Brito, and José Gaspar Martinho. "Water-Resistance of Mortars with Lightweight Aggregates." Key Engineering Materials 634 (December 2014): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.634.46.

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The incorporation of lightweight aggregates in cement-based coating mortars contributes to a better performance of some of their physical properties, influencing their hygrothermal behaviour. This paper analyses the effect of some lightweight aggregates (expanded clay, granulated cork and silica aerogel) on the following mortars’ characteristics: porosity, bulk density, capillary water absorption coefficient, drying index and water vapour permeability. The experimental results showed that low percentages of incorporation of lightweight aggregates led to more porous mortars with lower bulk density, higher capillary water absorption coefficient and greater drying facility, relative to the reference cement-based mortar. The incorporation of silica aerogel in cement-based mortars resulted in major differences in terms of water resistance, with significant benefits in terms of the drying process due to their porous structure.

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Bayer, A., H. J. Vogel, and K. Roth. "Direct measurement of the soil water retention curve using X-ray absorption." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 8, no. 1 (February 29, 2004): 2–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-8-2-2004.

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Abstract. X-ray absorption measurements have been explored as a fast experimental approach to determine soil hydraulic properties and to study rapid dynamic processes. As examples, the pressure-saturation relation θ(Ψ) for a uniform sand column has been considered as has capillary rise in an initially dry sintered glass column. The θ(Ψ)-relation is in reasonable agreement with that obtained by inverting a traditional multi-step outflow experiment. Monitoring the initial phase of capillary rise reveals behaviour that deviates qualitatively from the single-phase, local-equilibrium regime described by Richards’ equation. Keywords: X-ray absorption, soil hydraulic properties, soil water dynamics, Richards’ equation

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Kim, Minsoo, Sung-Hoon Kang, Sung-Gul Hong, and Juhyuk Moon. "Influence of Effective Water-to-Cement Ratios on Internal Damage and Salt Scaling of Concrete with Superabsorbent Polymer." Materials 12, no. 23 (November 22, 2019): 3863. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12233863.

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Superabsorbent polymer (SAP) is attracting attention as a water-entraining admixture that reduces shrinkage or heals cracks in concrete. Cross-linked sodium polyacrylate SAPs, which are the most widely produced SAPs in the global market, are applicable as concrete admixtures. However, there have been contradictory results on the freeze–thaw resistance of concrete with SAPs. This study aims to clarify these results considering the water absorption behavior of SAPs in hardened concrete when effective water-to-cement ratios are different. Firstly, the absorbencies of one kind of cross-linked sodium polyacrylate SAP (SAP_SP) in pore solution and fresh mortar were measured by a tea bag test and flow test, respectively. Pore size distribution, capillary water absorption, and deformation during freeze–thaw cycles were analyzed for mortar samples with varying SAP_SP dosages. In the main tests, concrete samples with three different SAP_SPs/cement ratios (0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3%) and a reference sample were prepared, and internal damage and salt scaling were measured under freeze–thaw cycles. Because SAP_SP absorbs water in fresh mixtures, additional water was added to the mixture considering the water absorbency of the SAP_SP. It was found that the used SAP_SPs prematurely release their stored water so the effective water-to-cement ratio was increased when a larger amount of SAP_SP was used. The higher effective water-to-cement ratio caused more internal damage and salt scaling due to the weaker cementitious matrix. In addition, mortar samples with a high SAP_SP content show a larger absorption of capillary water than the reference sample. The result can be interpreted by an observation that SAP_SP in air voids absorbs water and expands to relatively large capillary pores or neighbor air voids during the capillary water absorption process.

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Zhang, Peng, T. Scherer, Tie Jun Zhao, and F. H. Wittmann. "Water Repellent Treatment on Lime/Lime-Fly Ash/Lime-Cement Mortar with and without Carbonation." Key Engineering Materials 400-402 (October 2008): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.400-402.145.

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Water repellent treatment (WRT) has proved to be effective to prevent porous materials from water penetration and consequently can improve the durability of structures. In this contribution, three types of mortar, which are pre-carbonated and non-carbonated, had been water repellent treated by silane gel with usage of 400 g/m2, to investigate into the influence of WRT on carbonated and non-carbonated mortar. Results indicate that carbonation reaction increased the compressive strength of all three types of mortar. Silane gel penetrated to a comparatively higher depth for the carbonated mortar. WRT reduced the absorbed water and capillary absorption coefficient greatly, both for non-carbonated mortar to 2 % ~ 7 % and for carbonated mortar to 22 % ~ 66 %, compared with non-treated ones. WRT is still a feasible method for porous materials with some carbonation to prevent from water penetration. However, the efficiency of WRT on reducing capillary absorption became much lower compared with the non-carbonated mortar. Capillary absorption curves of non-WRT mortar, both carbonated and non-carbonated, could be well fitted by a hyperbolic function of square root of time. For the treated mortar, the absorption curves could be described as a linear equation before carbonation, but an exponential function when the mortar carbonated.

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Elsen, J., and F. de Barquin. "Simulieren der kapillaren Wasseraufnahme von porösen Werkstoffen des Bauwesens / Modelling of the Capillary Water Absorption of Porous Building Materials." Restoration of Buildings and Monuments 6, no. 3 (June 1, 2000): 293–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rbm-2000-5477.

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Abstract Profound knowledge of the moisture transport in porous building materials is essential to understand and to improve their durability. Water flow in these materials is mainly driven by capillary forces and the capillary suction of a porous building material depends on its pore structure. We have designed a statistical model to simulate the capillary water absorption of porous building materials based on invasion percolation rules. A 3D-network with 30x30x100 sites was used and the trapping effect is included. The input for the simulated invasion percolation is a pore size distribution obtained by a stereological analysis of the results of automated image analysis measurements on SEM-BSE-images of polished sections. Pore size distributions of nine different materials have been determined experimentally by SEM and by MIP. The simulated absorption curves agree reasonably well with the experimental absorption curves.

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Ding, Xiangqun, Xinyu Liang, Yichao Zhang, Yanfeng Fang, Jinghai Zhou, and Tianbei Kang. "Capillary Water Absorption and Micro Pore Connectivity of Concrete with Fractal Analysis." Crystals 10, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 892. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10100892.

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This study focuses on the relationship between the complexity of pore structure and capillary water absorption of concrete, as well as the connection behavior of concrete in specific directions. In this paper, the water absorption of concrete with different binders was tested during the curing process, and the pore structure of concrete was investigated by mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). The results show that the water absorption of concrete with mineral admixtures is lower, mainly due to the existence of reasonable pore structure. The effect of slag on concrete modification is more remarkable comparing with fly ash. In addition, the analysis shows that the pore with different diameters has different fractal characteristics. The connectivity probability and water absorption of unidirectional chaotic pore are linearly correlated with the pore diameter of 50–550 nm, and the correlation coefficient reaches a very significant level, and detailed analysis was undertaken to interpret these results based on fractal theory.

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Cadar, C., C. I. Fort, A. Mihis, Zs Kedves, K. Magyari, L. Baia, M. Baia, et al. "3-Aminopropyl-Triethoxysilane Functionalized Graphene Oxide for Silane-Based Consolidation Treatments to Increase Mortar Performances." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 21, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): 2351–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.18958.

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The influence of chemically converted GO (graphene oxide) functionalized with APTES (3-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane) and unfunctionalized GO, dispersed in ethanolic solution of TEOS (tetraethyl orthosilicate), on the performances of the mortar samples, such as capillary water absorption and compressive strength was evaluated. The effect of the GO based nanomaterials (GO and GO functionalized with APTES) on the mortar microstructure was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The multifunctionality of the mortar brushed with GO based nanomaterials consolidation suspension was proved by the results (i) of the mechanical tests which show an improvement of the compressive strength and (ii) the capillary water absorption results which indicate the decreasing of the water penetration speed. For the mortar samples brushed with GO consolidation suspension, an increase value for the compressive strength of approximately twice compared to the untreated control samples and a decreased value for the capillary absorption water coefficient with one order of magnitude in comparison with the untreated control samples were obtained.

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Yang, Lin, Danying Gao, Yunsheng Zhang, Jiyu Tang, and Ying Li. "Relationship between sorptivity and capillary coefficient for water absorption of cement-based materials: theory analysis and experiment." Royal Society Open Science 6, no. 6 (June 2019): 190112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.190112.

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The durability of cement-based materials depends on the property of water absorption. In this work, a technique of X-ray CT combined with CsCl enhancing was used to continuously monitor the dynamic process of water uptake in cement-based materials and the gravimetric method was used to measure the amount of water absorption. The relationship between the capillary coefficient ( k ) and sorptivity ( S ) was firstly established based on theory analysis and well verified by the experiment results. In accordance with theory analysis and experiment results, it is found that the ratio of sorptivity to capillary coefficient equals the porosity ( φ ) of materials, i.e. S / k = φ . This model provides a simple method for obtaining the capillary coefficient of porous materials from the measurement of sorptivity and porosity.

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34

Courard, Luc, and Robert Degeimbre. "A capillary action test for the investigation of adhesion in repair technology." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 30, no. 6 (December 1, 2003): 1101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l03-061.

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When repair material is laid down on a concrete substrate, the porosity of concrete allows it to penetrate the substrate, increasing the probability of physical interactions, and subsequently increasing adhesion. Water absorption by immersion or usual capillary action tests do not provide enough information to understand what happens when contact occurs between the concrete substrate and the cement slurries used as a bonding layer. An adaptation of the capillary action test is presented; this is based on a continuous measurement of mass change of the sample. Major differences according to the type of surface preparation are pointed out: absorption rates as well as mass changes are greater for polished concrete substrates than for sandblasted ones. Centrifuged solutions of cement slurries modified with plasticizers and superplasticizers are used for water replacement in the adapted capillary action test. Results clearly show the influence of these admixtures: the greater the adhesion tension, the greater the wetting of the concrete substrate. Determination of these thermodynamic characteristics and performance of an adapted capillary action test provide a better understanding of the mechanisms of interface creation and promotion of adhesion.Key words: concrete, substrate, repair, capillary, absorption, impregnation, interface, centrifugation, superficial tension, pore radius.

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Báez, S., A. J. Peruzzi, and B. Galeano. "Water Absorption and Transport in Clay Bricks." Materials Science Forum 1012 (October 2020): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1012.227.

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Moisture and water transport in clay bricks are essential contributing factors towards brick decay in buildings. Experimental work is reported comparing water absorption and porosity of handmade and solid fired clay bricks from Paraguay. Their respective porosities were estimated by gravimetric test and, their pore distribution, degree of anisotropy and morphology were examined by SEM. Although it was found that both samples have a common composition (XRD), a higher degree of porosity was found in handmade bricks, which also absorb water at a higher rate accelerating the decay process. Experimental data is reported on the exponential kinetics behavior of water absorption similar to the one observed in capillary tubes, but with an additional diffusive process. A phenomenological model is proposed for water absorption in both types of bricks which compared with the standard model of water absorption available in the literature, produces a better representation of the experimental data.

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Sabir, H. M., and A. C. Bwalya. "Experimental study of capillary-assisted water evaporators for vapour-absorption systems." Applied Energy 71, no. 1 (January 2002): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0306-2619(01)00042-3.

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Ioannou, Ioannis, Andrea Hamilton, and Christopher Hall. "Capillary absorption of water and n-decane by autoclaved aerated concrete." Cement and Concrete Research 38, no. 6 (June 2008): 766–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2008.01.013.

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Zongo, Lucien, and Athanas Konin. "PHYSICAL AND THERMAL CHARACTERIZATION OF CEMENTITIOUS COMPOSITES BASED ON PLANT-BIOMASS." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 07 (July 31, 2021): 219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/13120.

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This paper presents the results of an experimental study on the evaluation ofphysical and thermal properties of cementitious composites based on plant biomass (rice husks and palm tree fibers). Composites produced are cement mortars with total replacement of sand by aggregates of rice husks (B) or palm tree fibers (F). Three cement content (D1, D2 and D3) and two granulometries of biomass (coarse mixture and fine mixture) were used for the manufacturing of studied samples. After 28 days of curing, dry density, water absorption by capillarity and thermal conductivity of mortars were measured. The results show that dry density and thermal conductivity of composites increase with cement content while water absorption by capillarity decreases with an increase of cement content regardless of biomass size particle. In addition, thermal conductivity increases with dry density and decreases with water absorption by capillary. For all studied mixtures, composites based on palm tree fibers give better results (high dry density, low water absorption coefficient and low thermal conductivity) than those based on rice husks. The results also indicate that the replacement of sand by aggregates of rice husks or palm tree fibers in mortars is an interesting option to be considered to produce new materials with low thermal conductivities (less than 0.50 W/mK).

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Kornarzyński, Krzysztof, and Bożena Gładyszewska. "Evaluation of the Moisture Change Ability of Selected Crop Seeds." Agricultural Engineering 21, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/agriceng-2017-0006.

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Abstract The objective of the paper was to investigate the moisture change ability of bean, broad bean, pea, lupine, radish, beetroot, winter wheat, maize, cucumber, pumpkin and sunflower seeds. Seeds absorbed water in the system for measurement of the water absorption kinetics with the capillary and weighting method. The research results were presented in the form of plots of the relation of kinetics of the moisture change of seeds in the time for the first and second stage of the process which precedes germination. Moreover, the water content in seeds for the time of the end of the second stage of water absorption was determined and the maximum water absorption speed coefficient and the time of its obtaining was calculated. The water content for the end of the 2nd stage of its collection was the highest for seeds which include a hard caryopsis and for broad bean plant seeds. The maximum water absorption speed coefficient was the highest for seeds with low initial moisture - radish, beetroot, cucumber and pumpkin. The measurement of the water absorption speed with the use of the capillary and weighting method enabled investigation of seeds with a varied size, construction of a seed coat and chemical composition for a long period of time to the moment seedlings were obtained.

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Jalal, Mostafa. "Transport properties of high-performance cementitious composites incorporating micro and nano SiO2 into the binder." Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 19, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 415–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/secm-2012-0056.

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AbstractIn this paper, transport properties of high-performance self-compacting concrete (SCC), as one of the important cementitious composites incorporating micro and nano silica (NS) (SiO2) into the binder, have been investigated. For this purpose, different mixtures were designed with different amounts of silica fume (SF) and NS admixtures. Different binder contents were also investigated to observe the binder content effect on the concrete properties. Corrosion behavior was evaluated by chloride penetration and resistivity tests. Water absorption and capillary absorption were also measured as other durability related properties. The results showed that water absorption, capillary absorption, and Cl ion percentage decreased rather significantly in the mixtures containing admixtures especially the blend of SF and NS. By addition of the admixtures, resistivity of the SCC mixtures increased, which can lead to reduction of corrosion probability.

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Vaitukaitis, Povilas, Dario Maggiolo, Johan Remmelgas, Susanna Abrahmsén-Alami, Diana Bernin, Maria Siiskonen, Johan Malmqvist, Srdjan Sasic, and Gaetano Sardina. "Water transport and absorption in pharmaceutical tablets – a numerical study." Meccanica 55, no. 2 (December 16, 2019): 421–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11012-019-01103-2.

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AbstractThe quality of a coated pharmaceutical tablet can be strongly affected by the interactions of water droplets with the porous substrate during processes such as coating process. Three different mechanisms co-exist in the coating process: water spreading, absorption and evaporation. Disentangling the fundamental understanding of these phenomena can therefore be crucial for achieving a higher quality of the products (e.g. a longer shelf-life of the tablets) and for controlling the efficiency of the process. This paper aims to investigate the spreading and absorption mechanisms after droplet impingement on a tablet using a Lattice-Boltzmann methodology. Our numerical results (droplet height and spreading, penetration depth and absorbed volume) are in a good agreement with experimental data and numerical simulations available in the literature. In particular, the spreading phase is characterised by the capillary spreading time scale, as confirmed by previous studies. In contrast to previous studies, we find that the absorption process begins at times shorter than the capillary spreading time but with a different power-law in the absorbed volume. We explain this behaviour through a modified Washburn law that takes into account three-dimensional effects. Our data can be used as a benchmark to test novel mathematical models.

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Lee, J. S. "Lymph flow, lymph protein concentration, and protein output from rat small intestine." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 248, no. 6 (June 1, 1985): G670—G675. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1985.248.6.g670.

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Lymph flow (JL), lymph protein concentration (CL), and protein output (JP) from the main intestinal lymph duct were determined. The basal JL from the mesenteric pedicle alone was the same as that from the mesenteric pedicle attached with a segment of the nonabsorbing intestine, indicating that the basal JL does not originate from the intestine but is totally from the region of the mesenteric pedicle. The basal CL was 3.5-3.8 g/100 ml. When the intestine was absorbing water, JL increased and CL decreased, but JP increased above the basal JP in the initial 20 min of water absorption and then decreased progressively with time. Furthermore, it was estimated that CL in the "excess lymph" (formed during water absorption) was 1.4 +/- 0.2 g/100 ml in the initial 10 min of water absorption and was zero or nearly so in the later periods. From this and other evidence, it is concluded that under various conditions without net water absorption rat small intestine does not produce lymph and that during water absorption there is no significant increase in capillary permeability or capillary filtration. Therefore, the excess lymph could be mostly derived from the fluid absorbed from the lumen of the intestine.

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43

Che, Jia Xiang, An Ding Li, and Jian Li Zhang. "Forest Soil Water-Holding Capacity in Karst Peak-Cluster Depression Areas." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 3690–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.3690.

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The study was conducted in arbor forests, arbor-shrub forests and shrub lands in Karst peak-cluster depression areas. We investigated soil property and water-holding capacity in the three types of woodland by means of cutting-ring and water immersion. Our results show that soil bulk density presents an increasing trend along with soil layers deepening, while total soil porosity, capillary porosity and non-capillary porosity decrease. Natural water-holding capacity of soil, saturation water-holding capacity of soil, water-storage capacity of capillary and soil water storage capacity decline with deeper soil layers in all the three forests. Water-holding capacity and immersion time of soil meet the equation Y=kln (X)+b and the equation Y=k(X)-b fits water absorption rate and soaking time of soil well.

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44

Wang, Li Cheng. "Prediction of Chloride Ingress into Concrete by Capillary Absorption." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 3210–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.3210.

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In this paper, the lattice network model on mesoscale is established based on the random geometry meshing technique to investigate the chloride ingress into unsaturated concrete. Concrete is treated as a composite material with three phases, i.e., the coarse aggregates, the mortar, and the interface between them. The diffusivity for water and chloride in each phase of the mesoscopic structure of concrete is separately quantified by experimental data or through empirical assumption. The numerical predictions are compared with the available experimental measurements. The comparisons indicate that numerical predictions agree well with the test results.

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Nie, Song, Jianfeng Wang, Mingzhang Lan, Yali Wang, and Qiaowei Zhang. "Effect of Portland Cement versus Sulphoaluminate Cement on the Properties of Blended Lime-Based Mortars Prepared by Carbide Slag." Materials 12, no. 7 (March 27, 2019): 1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12071012.

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In order to improve the properties of lime-based mortars and promote the green development of the construction industry, blended lime-based mortars were prepared by using carbide slag instead of hydrated lime, and the additions of Portland cement and sulphoaluminate cement were studied in our work. The paper focused on mechanical properties, porosity, capillary water absorption and drying shrinkage of both types of blended mortars. The chemical composition and microstructure of hydration products were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that sulphoaluminate cement provided more contributions to mechanical properties, capillary water absorption and early shrinkage compared to Portland cement.

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Záleská, Martina, Milena Pavlíková, Zbyšek Pavlík, and Robert Černý. "Retention Curves of Different Types of Sandstone." Advanced Materials Research 982 (July 2014): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.982.44.

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Retention curve is the basic material property used in models for simulation of moisture storage in porous materials. The measurement of retention curves (also called suction curves, capillary potential curves, capillary-pressure functions and capillary-moisture relationships) is described in this paper. The water storage of different types of sandstone, the materials frequently used on the Czech territory for many centuries mainly for architectonic details and sculptures, is studied in using pressure plate apparatus. The obtained data gives information on materials behaviour in contact with liquid water and on their absorption capacity.

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Chandler, Neil, John Palson, and Todd Burns. "Capillary rise experiment to assess effectiveness of an enzyme soil stabilizer." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 54, no. 10 (October 2017): 1509–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2016-0511.

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An experimental program to assess of the attributes of an enzyme soil stabilizer is described. The focus of the program was two 1 year capillary rise experiments designed to test the influence of the soil additive on the soil’s adsorption of water. The enzyme additive is typically applied to marginal clay-based soils to improve the performance of road subgrades. The study investigated the potential increase in shear strength and the reduction in swelling. The two long-term soil column tests were conducted to measure water absorption due to capillary rise for soil specimens with, and without, enzyme treatment. The test results demonstrated that the addition of the enzyme soil additive had the effect of reducing water retained in the pore spaces of a partially saturated soil. The soil treated with the enzyme additive absorbed a lower quantity of water in the capillary rise test, and at a slower rate of absorption. The results from a concurrent suite of tests suggested that partially saturated clay having lower moisture content was linked to an increase in shear strength.

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Jaroš, P., and M. Vertal’. "Coupled heat and moisture transport in building material – water absorption coefficient and capillary water content." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 867 (October 9, 2020): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/867/1/012012.

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Jamshidi, M., A. Jamshidi, N. Mehrdadi, and F. Pacheco-Torgal. "Mechanical performance and capillary water absorption of sewage sludge ash concrete (SSAC)." International Journal of Sustainable Engineering 5, no. 3 (September 2012): 228–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19397038.2011.642020.

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Zelinka, Samuel L., Samuel V. Glass, and Charles R. Boardman. "Improvements to Water Vapor Transmission and Capillary Absorption Measurements in Porous Materials." Journal of Testing and Evaluation 44, no. 6 (December 14, 2015): 20150209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jte20150209.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Capillary water absorption'

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