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Chong, Keung Jeffrey. "Capital budgeting practice in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18836252.
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Plotnikova, Maria. "The Effect of a Capital Budget on Capital Spending in the U.S. States." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31806.
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This thesis analyzes the impact of capital budget on capital spending in the U.S. states.
The analysis is based on the James Poterba's 1995 study of the impact of a capital budget on capital spending using 1962 U.S. state-level data. I first replicate Poterba's model using the 1992-1996 data set that I had constructed for this study. I then extend Poterba's model to include a set of variables that allows exploration of the specific effects of the regulatory environment on spending outcomes in each state. These are mainly categorical variables that classify states in accordance with their definition of capital expenditure, organization of capital planning process, project selection and cost estimating techniques and capital financing practices. These were constructed using the data of the 1997 NASBO survey after reviewing the suggestions of practitioners and policy makers, as well as those engaged in research in this field. The introduction of a set of budget rule/budget composition variables into the analysis is an important contribution of this study. I also introduce additional control variables such as those controlling for the age of infrastructure. This study supports the claim that government spending is determined by a host of causal factors that can be grouped into four broad categories, (1) demographic-economic factors, representing both demand for public capital and source of its financing, (2) political decision-making factors that reflect electorate/party in power preferences for spending, (3) capital stock variables that relate to the age of infrastructure and control for spending culture in a state, and (4) budget composition/spending rules. The main finding of this study is the confirmation of Poterba's finding with respect to the positive effect of capital budget on capital spending using a recent data set and longer time frame of analysis. Another major contribution of this study is a statistically significant effect of sixteen spending rule/ budget composition variables. The results of this study support the basic premise found in the literature that budget process affects capital spending.Master of Public and International Affairs
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Moolman, George Christiaan. "An aggregate capital budgeting model using a product portfolio approach." Diss., This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10022007-145421/.
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Chong, Keung Jeffrey, and 張強. "Capital budgeting practice in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31267919.
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Kim, Tae Hyun. "An Evaluation of Hospital Capital Investment after the Balanced Budget Act." Also available online at:, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10156/1578.
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Banda, Abedanigo Christopher Kwenje. "Interactions between capital and recurrent budgets in the Zambian Ministry of Agriculture and Water Development." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/24471.
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The aim of this study has been to explain the relationship between capital (development) expenditures and the growth of recurrent expenditures in the Zambian Ministry of Agriculture and Water Development (1975-1983). Three models were developed and tested.
The first model tested the theory of incrementalism. Proponents of incrementalism advocate that the recurrent budget in a previous period is the most important explanatory variable in the determination of recurrent budget expenditures in the subsequent period. An extension on the first model included capital expenditures in the determination of recurrent budget expenditures. Theories have been advanced that capital expenditures cannot be undertaken without affecting the growth of recurrent expenditures. A third explanatory model included the stock of capital, the recurrent budget in the previous period, the rate of inflation, and the lagged price of copper as important variables in the determination of recurrent budget expenditures.
Ordinary least squares (0LS) estimation techniques were used to obtain the coefficients and the magnitude of the variables in these three models. The third model explained 98% of the variation in recurrent budget expenditures. The results showed that the recurrent budget in the previous period and the rate of inflation were the most important explanatory variables
in the determination of the recurrent budgets in Zambia. The price of copper and the stock of capital, although both having a positive relationship with the recurrent budget in the subsequent period, were weak determinants. The study noted that the weak relationship between the capital and recurrent budget may be due to the ad hoc transference of recurrent costs, created by capital projects, to the recurrent budget. The study suggests a policy for the transference of these costs to the recurrent budget.Land and Food Systems, Faculty of
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Moreira, Helon Bezerra. "Participatory Fortaleza Budget: A Promise to Be Fulfilled." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=15572.
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nÃo hÃThis paper brings a reflection on the nature and democratic character of the Collaborative Budgeting experience in the city of Fortaleza between the years 2005 and 2014. A public policy of collaborative administration, characterized by the perspective of articulation between democracies of the participative and representative sorts. A systematic accompaniment of this policy through an investigative effort â initiated in the first decade of the year 2000, in the social science scope â unveils defining features of liberal democracy to limit the collaborative potential of this experience, which raises a central question about the actual manifestation of collaborative democracy at the context in study. The Collaborative Budgeting in Fortaleza began in 2005, during the first term of Luizianne Lins, a mayor affiliated to the PT party. Its continuity until the first half of 2014, during the second year of the following mayor, Roberto ClÃudio, which is affiliated to the PROS party, continues enigmatic. This work investigates the effective participation of the specific public â related to local public policies â, the percentage of the municipal budget that is in fact discussed and deliberated by the population, and the continuity of this experience with the shift of municipal administration, among other phenomena. For such task, this paper rescues conceptions and democratic theories of contemporaneous analysts, such as Santos (2001, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2010, 2012 and 2013) Coutinho (1979, 1988, 1989, 1994 and 2008) and Wood (1998, 2007, 2011 and 2014). The public policy in question is assessed through an experimental methodological approach that articulates several methodological principles found in the works of Silva e Silva (2008), Guba & Lincoln (2011), Lejano (2012) and Rodrigues (2008, 2011). The field research is completed by interviews with participants and politics coordinators. There are also studies with statistical and documental outlines on Fortalezaâs Collaborative Budgeting involved in the research.
Em OrÃamento Participativo de Fortaleza: uma promessa a ser cumprida, à feita uma reflexÃo a incidir sobre a natureza e o carÃter democrÃtico dessa experiÃncia na cidade de Fortaleza entre os anos de 2005 e 2014. PolÃtica pÃblica de gestÃo participativa, marcada pela perspectiva de articulaÃÃo entre democracias do tipo participativa e representativa. O acompanhamento sistemÃtico desta polÃtica mediante um esforÃo investigativo â iniciado na primeira dÃcada dos anos 2000, no Ãmbito da graduaÃÃo em ciÃncias sociais â revela traÃos marcantes da democracia liberal, a limitar o potencial participativo da experiÃncia, levando a um questionamento central sobre a efetividade da democracia participativa no contexto em estudo. O OrÃamento Participativo de Fortaleza surge em 2005, no primeiro mandato petista de Luizianne Lins na cidade. A sua continuidade, atà a primeira metade de 2014, no segundo ano da nova gestÃo de Fortaleza, sob o governo de Roberto ClÃudio do Partido Republicano da Ordem Social (PROS), ainda à uma incÃgnita a ser desvendada. A participaÃÃo efetiva da populaÃÃo usuÃria, pÃblico das polÃticas pÃblicas municipais, o percentual do orÃamento municipal realmente discutido e deliberado pela populaÃÃo, a continuidade dessa experiÃncia com a mudanÃa da gestÃo municipal, dentre outros fenÃmenos, sÃo aqui investigados. Para tanto, resgata-se concepÃÃes e teorias democrÃticas de analistas contemporÃneos, com destaque para Santos (2001, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2010, 2012 e 2013) Coutinho (1979, 1988, 1989, 1994 e 2008) e Wood (1998, 2007, 2011 e 2014). A polÃtica pÃblica em questÃo à avaliada sob uma abordagem metodolÃgica experiencial que articula diversos princÃpios metodolÃgicos encontrados em trabalhos de Silva e Silva (2008), Guba & Lincoln (2011), Lejano (2012) e Rodrigues (2008, 2011). A pesquisa de campo se efetiva por meio de entrevistas com participantes e coordenadores da polÃtica. TambÃm sÃo desenvolvidos estudos com aportes estatÃsticos e documentais sobre o OrÃamento Participativo de Fortaleza.
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Bester, Lizel. "An empirical study of capital budgeting evaluation techniques used in firms in the Nelson Mandela Metropole." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/475.
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The first research objective of this dissertation is an empirical study of the capital budgeting process to determine what capital budgeting evaluation techniques are used by firms in the Nelson Mandela Metropole. The second research objective of this dissertation is how the size of the firm impacts on the type of capital budgeting evaluation techniques used. The size of the firm is measured by magnitude of turnover, assets and the number of employees.
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Holmlin, Rex M. "Pre-Design Methodology for Establishing Scope-Budget and Scope-Duration Alignment for Capital Projects." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10150265.
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Pre-design Methodology for Establishing Scope-Budget and Scope-Duration Alignment for Capital Projects It is well established that projects do not meet their cost, schedule and scope objectives and often fail to deliver the benefits that were hoped for. Part of the challenge is that at the conceptual/pre-design stage, the level of scope definition is often only 1-2% and the resulting pre-design cost estimates typically have an accuracy range of -50% to +100%. Project teams may not feel confident providing this information to the designers as design-to-cost targets and overall project cost management suffers as a result. The proposed methodology was developed to assist with pre-design estimating on a new student health center at a college in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States. Development of a preliminary work breakdown structure allowed development of a cost model targeted at the major cost elements of a capital project by removing cost elements such as sitework and general conditions that have greater variability that is often concealed in cost/SF historical data used for modeling. The regression equation developed, based on five data points of comparable projects ranging in size from 20,000SF to 72,714 SF , with a zero intercept, has an R2 of 0.9925, a P Value <0.0001 and a F test score of 661.63. 63. Using the model to validate the cost of the comparable projects resulted in a cost forecast range of -10.3% to + 39.4% as compared to industry standard expected cost range in the pre-design period of -50% to+100%. Using the forecast cost and Bromilow equations to forecast project duration resulted in duration forecasts within approximately +/-18% of the contracted durations. The need for vigorous cost management over the life of a project remains, but this methodology offers an approach to (1) develop design-to-cost targets and (2) for the project team to have greater confidence they have scope-budget and scope-duration matches as the project enters design.
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Jenner, Mark W. "Economics of annual grazing systems /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9717179.
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Prinsloo, M. J. "Fundamentals of techniques and principles used to enhance the value of capital projects." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52279.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: "Imagine improving the value of a capital project by 30%, or increasing the throughput of an organisation with 20% less capital expenditure!" The normal reaction to this sort of statement is that it is impossible and only looks good on paper. However, by applying proper principles and techniques, an organisation or project team can embark on a journey which will allow them to creatively apply those skills and knowledge in order to maximise the value of the organisation, project or venture. It will allow business to evaluate and extract value by analysing business cases, process- and engineering design issues, project development and implementation plans. Too frequently project teams find themselves tied up with the nitty gritty issues of projects, causing them to loose sight of the bigger picture. The existence hereof of this is often indicated by too much focus on actions to reduce capital expenditure and too little on the impact thereof on operational cost and value adding potential, destroying overall value of the venture in the process. This aim with this document is to provide the reader with an overview of tools, techniques and principles to aid organisations to enhance the value of capital projects. It is not intended as a handbook or manual to enable the reader to become a skilled practitioner in this field, but rather to give the interested novice, general manager or project leader a background overview of, and insight into, the steps, tools, techniques and principles available, to improve the value of a project. The basic fundamentals are not rocket science, but it is the process of becoming involved in applying lateral thinking to each phase of a project, or existing operation that unlocks the true value. This document firstly gives background on the reasons why value adding potential usually exists in capital projects, and identifies tell tale indicators of hidden value opportunities in projects. Basic fundamentals are discussed to familiarise the reader with general concepts used in later chapters. Subsequently, the steps for execution of a value improving intervention are discussed, to give the reader a thorough background and understanding of the value improving processes involved.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: "Verbeter die waarde van 'n kapitaal projek met 30%, of verhoog die deurset van 'n organisasie met 20% minder kapitaal spandering!" Die verwagte reaksie op hierdie tipe stellings is dat dit onmoontlik is en net goed lyk op papier. Die aanwending van toepaslike beginsels en tegnieke kan 'n organisasie egter in staat stel om daardie vaardighede en kennis, waaroor hulle reeds beskik, te benut om die waarde van die organisasie of projek te maksimeer. Dit kan besighede toelaat om waarde te evalueer en te ontsluit deur besigheidsplanne, proses- en ontwerp aangeleenthede, projek ontwikkeling en implementeringsplanne te analiseer, te verstaan en te verbeter. Te dikwels bemoei projekspanne hulle met die detail van projekte, wat veroorsaak dat hulle die groter prentjie uit die oog verloor. Die teenwoordigheid hiervan word veral aangedui deur te veel fokus op aksies om kapitaal spandering te verminder, en te min op resulterende bedryfskoste en waarde skeppende potensiaal te konsentreer. Hierdeur word die algehele waarde waartoe die projek instaat is ondermyn. Die doel met hierdie dokument is om 'n oorsig te gee na die gereedskap, tegnieke en beginsels wat beskikbaar is ter ondersteuning van organisasies wat die waarde van kapitaalprojekte wil verbeter. Dit is nie bedoel om 'n handboek of voorskrif te wees om die leser instaat te stel om 'n vaardige verbeteringspraktisyn te word nie, maar eerder om aan die geinteresseerde leek, projekbestuurder of algemene bestuurder agtergrond en insig te gee oor die stappe, gereedskap, tegnieke en beginsels wat beskikbaar is om die waarde van 'n projek te verhoog. Die grondbeginsels is nie kwantumfisika nie, maar behels 'n proses om betrokke te raak in die toepassing van laterale denke en kreatiwiteit in elke fase van 'n projek of besigheid, om die werklike waarde te ontsluit. Hierdie dokument gee eerstens agtergrond oor die redes waarom potensiaal vir waarde toevoeging in kapitaalprojekte bestaan, en identifiseer 'n aantal indikators van die teenwoordigheid van verskuilde waarde aan. Grondbeginsels wat in verdere hoofstukke gebruik word, word bespreek en toegelig. Daarna word die stappe ter uitvoering van 'n waarde verhogingsintervensie bespreek, om 'n deeglike agtergrond te verkry van die betrokke proses.
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Boquist, Pär. "OFFSHORE WIND POWER INVESTMENT MODEL USING A REFERENCECLASS FORECASTING APPROACH TO ESTIMATE THE REQUIRED COSTCONTINGENCY BUDGET." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-261115.
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Forecasting capital expenditures in early stages of an offshore wind power project is aproblematic process. The process can be affected by optimism bias and strategicmisrepresentation which may result in cost overruns. This thesis is a response to issuesregarding cost overruns in offshore wind power projects. The aim of this thesis is tocreate a cost forecasting method which can estimate the necessary capital budget in awind power project. The author presents a two-step model which both applies the inside view and outsideview. The inside view contains equations related to investment and installation costs.The outside view applies reference class forecasting in order to adjust the necessary costcontingency budget. The combined model will therefore forecast capital expenditures fora specific site and adjust the cost calculations with regard to previous similar projects. The results illustrate that the model is well correlated with normalized cost estimationsin other projects. A hypothetical 150MW offshore wind farm is estimated to costbetween 2.9 million €/MW and 3.5 million €/MW depending on the location of the windfarm.
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Alexander, Donovan Patrick. "An assessment of capital budget planning and municipal borrowing as funding source in Overstrand Municipality in the Western Cape." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20027.
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The major challenges confronting municipalities in South Africa are poor governance, lack of effective performance, backlogs in service delivery, over- and in most cases under-spending on capital infrastructure, and poor audit outcomes. It is therefore very important for municipalities to deliver on the constitutional mandate as enshrined in the South African Constitution in terms of Section 153. Municipalities need to structure and manage the organisation's budgeting, administration and planning processes effectively in terms of their strategic five-year Integrated Development Plan (IDP). The research problem of this study encompasses the assessment of the capital budget planning processes and expenditure patterns in relation to capital infrastructure to determine whether the planning processes followed are in alignment with the IDP and the relevant legislation. The core objective of the research was to investigate the extent to which the Overstrand Municipality funded their capital budget with external borrowing in terms of the budget planning process in relation to capital infrastructure spending over a three year period in compliance with the relevant legislation.
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Bush, Robert J. "An analysis of the capital budgeting sophistication of primary forest products firms in the Eastern United States." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45756.
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The investment decision-making techniques, financing methods and equipment needs of 1,818 sawmills and pallet manufacturers in the Eastern United States were studied. Information was gathered using a mail survey and 581 usable responses were received.
It was found that discounted cash flow techniques have not been extensively adopted by the firms under study as primary methods of investment analysis. Undiscounted payback period was the most extensively used quantitative method. The majority of firms compared the expected return on an investment to a minimum rate of return but this minimum was often determined non-quantitatively. Firms most often accounted for the risk of an investment by subjective means.Master of Science
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Yan, Zheng. "The Econometrics of Piecewise Linear Budget Constraints With Skewed Error Distributons: An Application To Housing Demand In The Presence Of Capital Gains Taxation." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28606.
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This paper examines the extent to which thin markets in conjunction with tax induced kinks in the budget constraint cause consumer demand to be skewed. To illustrate the principles I focus on the demand for owner-occupied housing. Housing units are indivisible and heterogeneous while tastes for housing are at least partly idiosyncratic, causing housing markets to be thin. In addition, prior to 1998, capital gains tax provisions introduced a sharp kink in the budget constraint of existing owner-occupiers in search of a new home: previous homeowners under age 55 paid no capital gains tax if they bought up, but were subject to capital gains tax if they bought down.
I first characterize the economic conditions under which households err on the up or down side when choosing a home in the presence of a thin market and a kinked budget constraint. I then specify an empirical model that takes such effects into account. Results based on Monte Carlo experiments indicate that failing to allow for skewness in the demand for housing leads to biased estimates of the elasticities of demand when such skewness is actually present. In addition, estimates based on American Housing Survey data suggest that such bias is substantial: controlling for skewness reduces the price elasticity of demand among previous owner-occupiers from 1.6 to 0.3. Moreover, 58% of previous homeowners err on the up while only 42% err on the down side. Thus, housing demand is skewed.Ph. D.
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Skipper, Lee R. "Development of a microcomputer-based capital budgeting algorithm for the dynamic decision environment." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101266.
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The capital budgeting process is conducted in a dynamic, uncertain environment. In each period of the process, a manager has only estimated values for system parameters, project costs, and project returns. The manager must consider project firm's capital among interdependencies the available in allocating the projects. After completing the allocation process in one period, the chosen projects are funded until the end of the next period. These projects are then considered along with new projects and the process is repeated again. The capital budgeting decision in one period is therefore only one of a long sequence of such decisions, all of which are made in a dynamic, uncertain environment.
The algorithm presented in this study models the dynamic environment of uncertainty. The algorithm utilizes a future worth of net return criterion in conducting the decision. Available projects may be estimated as discrete point estimates or as combinations of continuous functions. All projects under consideration need not have the same life; unequal-lived projects may be considered. After the optimal combination of projects is identified, four sensitivity analyses may be run to analyze the effect of any uncertainty in that period. The dynamic environment may then be analyzed by simulating the environment which would be faced when the decision is made .again at the end of the next period. Any of the system parameters and estimates of the continuing projects may be altered in that period to reflect the changes in the last period's estimates.
An example is provided to illustrate the workings of the algorithm.M.S.
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Mokenela, Lehlohonolo. "Managerial flexibility using ROV : a survey of top 40 JSE listed companies." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1851.
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Dušátková, Klára. "Analýza hospodaření krajů v ČR s aplikací na hlavní město Praha." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-196550.
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The aim of this thesis is to investigate the management of budgets in the regions of the Czech Republic and in the capital city of Prague between the years of 2003 and 2013. Comparison is made between the capital city of Prague, Central Bohemian Region and South Moravian Region. The thesis opens with description of historical and legislative framework and continues with strong reference to the theory of public finance. The research shows that the most important source of revenues for the regions are financial transfers. Majority of Prague's income comes from public tax revenues. Current expenditures are the most prominent outlay of the regions and of Prague, too. The regional and Prague's total debt has grown continuously over the researched period. Strong impact on the budget economy has had the global economic crisis which has influenced the budgets since 2009.
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Abreu, Aline Cavalcanti de. "Habitação social e fundo público no contexto de crise do capital." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2014. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8579.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoCompreender o financiamento da habitação social requer identificar as mediações necessárias para sua problematização crítica. Orientado pelo método marxista, o estudo utiliza como metodologia a pesquisa bibliográfica, de documentos legais e o estudo das peças orçamentárias. A produção do espaço no capitalismo é produto de relações sociais voltadas a exploração e a acumulação capitalista. Por ser objeto da luta de classes, o Estado responde as necessidades habitacionais dos trabalhadores por meio de políticas urbanas fragmentadas e desfinanciadas, abertas as investida do mercado. A institucionalização do arcabouço legal para a habitação, como a conquista do Fundo Nacional de Habitação de Interesse Social - FNHIS não representou mudanças efetivas sobre as condições de moradia nas cidades. Marcado pelo desfinanciamento (os recursos corresponderam a 1,3% do orçamento do Ministério das Cidades, em 2012) e pela baixa envergadura dos programas sob sua responsabilidade (recursos para Urbanização de Assentamentos Precários e Provisão Habitacional ficaram em R$ 4,7 bilhões, nos anos estudados), o FNHIS é esvaziado no seu sentido político de satisfazer as necessidades habitacionais da população. Em 2009, é criado o Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida - PMCMV. Há o incremento do Estado como indutor da macroeconomia fortalecedora da reestruturação do mercado imobiliário e das medidas para minimizar os efeitos da crise econômica mundial, pondo em marcha o social-liberalismo. Foram destinados R$ 16 bilhões de 2009 a 2012, com produção de 2 milhões de unidades habitacionais pelo PMCMV. Contudo, pelo caráter privilegiador do produtor privado, o PMCMV fez com que o mercado imobiliário continuasse a realizar a punção de parte de fundo público no desenvolvimento de projetos que fortalecem a periferização, o bloqueio a cidade para os trabalhadores e a redução a responsabilidade do Estado sob a política de habitação social como direito humano.
To understand the financing of social housing it is required to identify the necessary mediations for its critical questionings. Guided by the Marxist method, the study has as its methodology the bibliographical research of legal documents and the study of budget components. The production of space in capitalism is a product of social relations focused on exploration and on capitalist accumulation. By being an object of class struggle, the State responds to the workers housing needs through fragmented and unfinanced urban politics, both available to the interest of the market. The institutionalization of the legal framework for housing, like the achievement of the Fundo Nacional de Habitação de Interesse Social- FNHIS, has not shown effective changes on the housing conditions in the cities. Characterized by the non-funding (in 2012, resources corresponded to 1.3% of the Ministry of Cities budget) and by the low scale of the programs under their responsibility (resources for Urbanization of Slums and Housing Provision were R$ 4.7 billion between 2006 and 2012), the FNHIS was withdraw from its political sense of meeting the populations housing needs. In 2009, the Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida - PMCVMV (My House My Life) was created. There is the States increase as an inducer of macroeconomics of the real estate markets restructuring and of measures to minimize the effects of the global economic crisis, putting in motion the social liberalism. Sixteen billion reais were invested in 2009 to 2012, with production of two million housing units by PMCMV. However, through the privileged character of the private producer, the PMCMV helped the housing market to continue taking part in the public fund on the development of projects which strengthen the peripherization, the city blocking for workers and the States reduction under the politic of social housing as a human right.
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Бєла, І. В. "Доходи Державного бюджету України." Thesis, Одеський національний економічний університет, 2021. http://local.lib/diploma/Biela.pdf.
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Доступ до роботи тільки на території бібліотеки ОНЕУ, для переходу натисніть на посилання нижчеУ роботі розглядається сутність доходів Державного бюджету, їх склад, класифікація, джерела формування та нормативно – правове забезпечення формування доходів. Проаналізовано дохідну частину Державного бюджету України, вплив податкових надходжень на формування дохідної частини бюджету та вплив економічних і соціальних факторів на планування доходів бюджету. Проаналізовано зарубіжний досвід формування дохідної частини державного бюджету. Запропоновано шляхи усунення проблем планування та виконання Державного бюджету України за доходами.
The work considers the essence of the State budget revenues, their composition, classification, sources of formation and normative - legal support of revenue formation. The revenue part of the State Budget of Ukraine, the impact of tax revenues on the formation of the revenue side of the budget and the impact of economic and social factors on the planning of budget revenues are analyzed. The foreign experience of forming the revenue part of the state budget is analyzed. The ways of elimination of problems of planning and execution of the State budget of Ukraine on incomes are offered.
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Puhakka, Daniel. "Fjärrkyla i Borlänge : Ekonomisk analys av fjärrkyla i Framtidsdalen." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Institutionen för information och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-37794.
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Kylbehovet i fastigheter spås öka i framtiden till följd av en ökad användning av elektroniskutrustning, ökade krav på inomhuskomfort samt en global uppvärmning som enligt forskarekommer att höja medeltemperaturen på jorden. För att möta efterfrågan på kyla genomför BorlängeEnergi tillsammans med teknikkonsultfirman INTEC utredningar om etablering av fjärrkyla iBorlänge.För att etableringen av ett fjärrkylnät ska vara aktuellt krävs att affären blir lönsam för BorlängeEnergi samtidigt som de potentiella kunderna ser erbjudandet som attraktivt. Syftet med studien äratt i samarbete med INTEC och Borlänge Energi göra ett beräkningsprogram i kalkylprogrammetExcel som kan ge underlag för beslutsfattande kring utformningen av ett fjärrkylnät i Framtidsdaleni Borlänge. För att påvisa beräkningsprogrammets användbarhet har lönsamhetsberäkningar och enkänslighetsanalys genomförts på ett förslag till etablering av fjärrkylnätet som tagits fram avuppdragsgivare.Studien utfördes genom att bearbeta litteratur om funktionen för ett fjärrkylnät samt metoder förinvesteringskalkylering. Detta gjordes genom att söka relevant information på databaser samtrekommendationer och riktlinjer från myndigheter. Även annan väsentlig litteratur i bokformanvändes. Beräkningsprogrammet utvecklades i kalkylprogrammet Excel och beräkningar gjordesbaserat på givna förutsättningar.Siffrorna i studien ska inte ses som slutgiltiga och bör betraktas som en indikator för om det finnsanledning att gå vidare med en djupare utredning. Resultaten visar att det nätt och jämnt finnsekonomisk lönsamhet för Borlänge Energi i en investering i ett småskaligt fjärrkylnät utan att tahänsyn till mjuka parametrar i kalkylen. För kunderna blir det mer ekonomiskt lönsamt över enlängre tidshorisont att ansluta sig till fjärrkyla i jämförelse med att investera i en enskild kylcentral.Resultaten förutsätter dock att driftskostnaden för absorptionskylmaskinen hålls låg och är beroendeav en större anslutningsavgift från en av kunderna. Driftskostnaden för absorptionskylmaskinen ären osäkerhetsfaktor då produktionskostnaden i framtiden kan komma att höjas på grund av enminskad tillgång till industriell restvärme.The cooling demand is projected to grow in the future due to an increase in use of electrical equipment, increased requirements regarding indoor comfort as well as global warming, which according to scientists will raise the average air temperature on earth. To meet the cooling demand, Borlänge Energi, together with the technology consulting firm INTEC, is conducting investigations into the establishment of district cooling in Borlänge.For the establishment of a district cooling network to be relevant, it is required that the deal becomes profitable for Borlänge Energi at the same time as the potential customers see the offer as attractive. The purpose of the study is to, in collaboration with INTEC and Borlänge Energi, make a calculation program in Excel which can provide a basis for decision-making regarding the design of a district cooling network in Framtidsdalen in Borlänge. To demonstrate the usefulness of the calculation program, profitability calculations and a sensitivity analysis have been carried out on a proposal for the expansion of the district cooling network developed by INTEC.The study was carried out by processing literature on the function of a district cooling network and methods for investment calculation. This was done by searching for relevant information in databases as well as recommendations and guidelines from authorities. Other essential books on the given topic were also used. Profitability calculations were performed using the developed calculation tool in Excel and were based on given assumptions.Although the figures in the study should not be seen as definitive and should be regarded as an indicator of whether there is reason to proceed with a deeper investigation, the results show that there is only just economic profitability for Borlänge Energi to invest in a small-scale district cooling network without taking consideration of soft parameters. For customers, it will be more economically profitable over a longer time horizon to join district cooling in comparison with investing in an individual cooling system. The results assume, however, that the operating cost of the absorption cooling machine is kept low and is dependent on a larger connection fee from one of the customers. The operating cost of the absorption cooling machine is an uncertainty factor as the production cost may increase in the future due to a reduced supply of industrial waste heat.
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Славіхіна, А. Г. "Доходи Державного бюджету України: проблеми мобілізації та резерви зростання." Thesis, Одеський національний економічний університет, 2021. http://local.lib/diploma/Slavikhina.pdf.
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Доступ до роботи тільки на території бібліотеки ОНЕУ, для переходу натисніть на посилання нижчеУ першому розділі роботи досліджено сутність, принципи формування та роль доходів державного бюджету, розглянуто класифікацію та структуру доходів державного бюджету, визначено організаційно-правові основи формування та управління доходами державного бюджету; У другому розділі роботи проаналізовано макроекономічні показники та загальні тенденції формування доходів Державного бюджету України у 2016-2020 рр. у розрізі податкових та неподаткових надходжень. У третьому розділі роботи проведено узагальнення зарубіжного досвіду формування та управління доходами державного бюджету; окреслено резерви збільшення доходів Державного бюджету за рахунок податкових платежів і напрями підвищення ефективності формування та управління доходами Державного бюджету.
The master's thesis consists of three sections. The object of the study is the revenues of the State Budget of Ukraine, in terms of their formation and identification of growth reserves. In the first section of the work the essence, principles of formation and role of state budget revenues are investigated, the classification and structure of state budget revenues are considered, organizational and legal bases of formation and management of state budget revenues are determined; The second section analyzes the macroeconomic indicators and general trends in the formation of revenues of the State Budget of Ukraine in 2016-2020 in terms of tax and non-tax revenues. In the third section of the work the generalization of foreign experience of formation and management of state budget revenues is carried out; outlines the reserves for increasing the revenues of the State budget due to tax payments and areas for improving the efficiency of formation and management of revenues of the State budget.
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Morales, Burgos Jaime Antonio. "Capital budgeting decision making, national culture and bounded rationality : a regional comparative study of Canadian and Mexican entrepreneurs." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/25954.
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This study is located in the rather young area of international entrepreneurship research. Despite the vast literature in Western countries exploring the nexuses on entrepreneurship-national culture and entrepreneurship-decision making, we know very little about how bounded rationality and national culture affect the entrepreneur’s capital budgeting decision making in emerging economies. Past research on small business and capital budgeting shows a predominance of quantitative approaches to identify which capital budgeting techniques were used and why they are used. Through qualitative interviews with 20 Mexican and 20 Canadian participants, this study looks at how Mexican and Canadian entrepreneurs approach capital budgeting decisions in small businesses in the food sector industry. This study confirms that capital budgeting decisions are taken under conditions of bounded rationality, but also suggests that context affects how bounded rationality is used. For instance, Mexican entrepreneurs rely more on “gut feeling”, while Canadian entrepreneurs tend to combine intuition with business plans. The differences observed for both national samples are further discussed through a Hofstedian and a GLOBE lens. I argue that national culture affects how capital budgeting decisions are made throughout the decision making process (planning, identifying, evaluating, selecting and authorizing) and also that national culture plays a role for who influences the entrepreneurs’ decisions. By contextualizing capital budgeting decisions and using a constructivist logic of discovery, this study provides insights into entrepreneurs’ capital budgeting decision making in small businesses and suggests that national cultural differences play a valuable part in understanding this important aspect of entrepreneurial activity. This thesis also adds to our understanding of entrepreneurs in emerging economies.
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Strýček, Jakub. "Migrační krize 2016 - Analýza současných a budoucích dopadů na ekonomiku ČR." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-264701.
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Thesis focuses on quantitative and qualitative analysis of incoming migrants and their human capital. Through this analysis and economic calculations, final fiscal deficit is revealed. Research is conducted by analyzing publicly available statistical data and submitting surveys to ministries and nonprofit organizations. On these data, model is bulit involving broad scope of variables for accurate quantification of any implications of the migration crisis. Main contribution of this thesis is building a model with unique basis of data providing domestic fiscal implications of a European migration crisis.
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Fernandes, Andressa Guimarães Torquato. "Direito financeiro aplicado ao setor do petróleo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2133/tde-22082014-092712/.
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Busca-se, por meio da presente tese, rever a natureza jurídica atribuída aos royalties do petróleo pela doutrina majoritária no Brasil, que os caracteriza como um preço público devido pelas companhias petrolíferas à União, em contraprestação a um direito de exploração de bem público, do qual este ente político detém a propriedade. Intenta-se demonstrar que se trata, na verdade, de um pagamento realizado em contraprestação à alienação de um bem público (o petróleo) ao particular, o que traz consequências profundas à forma como tais receitas serão classificadas na Lei Orçamentária Anual dos três entes federativos, bem como ao grau de restrição a sua aplicação. Aceita essa posição, os royalties passarão a ser classificados nas Leis Orçamentárias como receitas de capital, fruto da alienação de um bem público, e não mais como uma receita corrente patrimonial, decorrente da exploração de um bem público. Assim, uma vez classificados como receitas de capital, somente poderão ser aplicados em despesas de capital, ou seja, basicamente em investimentos e inversões financeiras, de acordo com o artigo 44 da Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal, ficando vedada a possibilidade, tal qual tem sido feito, de serem utilizados no custeio da máquina pública, aplicação contrária a uma lógica de uso sustentável dessas receitasThe objective of this thesis is to review the nature of royalties given by the majority doctrine in Brazil, which characterize it as a public price payable by oil companies to the Union, in consideration of a right to explore a public good. We aim to demonstrate that it is actually a payment made in consideration for the sale of a public good (oil), which has profound consequences on how such revenues shall be classified in the Annual Budget Law of the three political entities in Brazil (Union, states and municipalities), as well as the degree of restriction to their application. Accepted our position, the royalties will be classified in Budgetary Laws as capital revenue, resulting from the sale of a public asset and not as a current revenue, due to an use of a public good. So, once classified as a capital revenue, royalties may only be used in capital expenditures, like investments, in accordance with Article 44 of the Fiscal Responsibility Law, not in current expenditures that represents an application contrary to the logic of sustainable use of these revenues
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Soukup, Petr. "Analýza výdajů státního rozpočtu v letech 1993-2014." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-360190.
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This thesis deals with the analysis of state budget in 1993 to 2014. Firstly the state budget and public expenditures are theoretically defined. Secondly the analysis of state budget expenditures of the Czech Republic at the level of budget chapters, current and capital expenditures is elaborated in the practical part. The comparison of state budget expenditures follows based on the classification COFOG with selected EU members. In the last part of the thesis the political-economic cycle is defined and the analysis in a form of testing hypotheses of basis of literature related to the political-economic cycle is performed. The testing was carried out in Eviews using the autoregressive process. The analysis follows the partial theory of political-economic cycles in the Czech Republic, positive results of the comparison and the growing trend of state budget expenditures of the Czech Republic.
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Панченко, А. В. "Ліквідність як складова фінансового управління діяльністю підприємства." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/33021.
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При фінансовому аналізі здійснюється оцінка фінансового стану підприємства, досліджується його ліквідність, оскільки, ліквідність виступає важливим показником, який відображає фінансовий стан підприємства.
При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/33021
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Russo, Marcelo Moreira. "Are real options a real option for real-world finance professionals? Case study: the application of real options to evaluate investment projects in the latin american oil and gas field services industry." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/10375.
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Brazil and other emerging markets will continue to present many investment opportunities in the coming years. Finance professionals who manage the company’s capital budgeting processes will face challenges. Specific characteristics of these projects as commodity-linked prices (e.g., the case of oil and gas and agricultural projects) and the customary uncertainties related to emerging markets are additional challenges. In this scenario, a more sophisticated capital budgeting framework, Real Options, offers a more robust theory to deal with uncertainty, managerial flexibility, and volatile outcomes imbedded in these opportunities. Real Options theory assumes that the managers’ involvement in the project generates value so they might capitalize on good outcomes or reduce losses by abandoning projects with bad results. The primary objective of this research was to apply Real Options valuation analysis for an investment project valuation and discuss the process and the results of such methodology. The case study retroactively analyzed an investment project in Colombia and compared the results under traditional NPV methodology and Real Options. The valuation techniques were performed as if they had been applied at the time the project was approved and then compared with the project's actual performance. The case study evaluated two types of real options: first, the effect of an option to cancel a contract that is assessed from the perspective of the client; and second, the option to abandon and defer from the perspective of the company that will perform the investment.
Brasil e outros mercados emergentes continuarão a apresentar muitas oportunidades de investimento nos próximos anos. Profissionais financeiros que gerenciam os processos de orçamento de capital nas empresas terão grandes desafios a enfrentar. Características específicas destes projetos como preços ligados a commodities (por exemplo: petróleo e gás e projetos agrícolas) e as incertezas habituais relacionadas com os mercados emergentes são desafios adicionais. Neste cenário, ferramentas mais sofisticadas de orçamento de capital como Opções Reais, oferece uma teoria mais robusta para lidar com incerteza, flexibilidade gerencial, e os resultados voláteis embutidas nestas oportunidades. A teoria de Opções Reais assume que o envolvimento dos gestores nos projetos gera valor à medida que potencializam os bons resultados ou reduzem as perdas por abandonar projetos com maus resultados. O objetivo principal desta pesquisa foi aplicar a análise de Opções Reais para um projeto de investimento e discutir o processo e os resultados da metodologia. O estudo de caso analisa retroativamente um projeto de investimento na Colômbia e compara os resultados sob o tradicional VPL e Opções Reais. As técnicas de avaliação foram realizadas como se estivessem sendo aplicadas no momento em que o projeto foi aprovado, e depois comparadas com o desempenho real do projeto. O estudo de caso avaliado possui dois tipos de Opções Reais: primeiro, o efeito de uma opção para cancelar um contrato que é analisado a partir da perspectiva do cliente que pode exercer essa opção, e o segundo, a opção de abandonar e adiar a partir da perspectiva da empresa que irá executar a investimento.
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Bosi, José Alfredo. "Democracia participativa: uma alternativa para novos desenhos institucionais - a experiência na área orçamentária." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2007. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/1200.
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Previous issue date: 2007-05-02Considering the State s remarkable importance for Brazilian society and the acknowledgement that it hasn t being working well, the need to think about alternatives to overcome this challenge arises. How can civil society have more control over a State that administrates nearly 40% of our economy? The aim of this paper is to make an account of some important tools that would guarantee, possibly, a new kind of relationship between civil society and the State in Brazil. Although we live in an institutional framework where representative democracy predominates, certain elements of participative democracy can emerge. This research is a reflexion about the use of popular participation mechanisms implemented in a recent period and within municipal scope. Among them, the participatory budget has a privileged role
Diante da notável importância do Estado para a sociedade brasileira e a constatação de que o mesmo não tem funcionado adequadamente, surge a necessidade de pensar alternativas para superar este desafio. Como a sociedade civil pode ter mais controle sobre um Estado que administra quase 40% da nossa economia? O objetivo deste trabalho é realizar um balanço de alguns instrumentos importantes que proporcionariam, em hipótese, um novo tipo de relação entre a sociedade civil e o Estado no Brasil. Considerando-se que vivemos em um quadro institucional onde predomina a democracia representativa, mas que abre espaço para elementos de democracia participativa, esta dissertação é uma reflexão sobre a utilização de mecanismos de participação popular implantados em um período recente e no âmbito municipal. Dentre estes, o Orçamento Participativo tem um papel privilegiado
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Vitolo, Guilherme Ferracin. "Avaliação de indicadores para seleção de portfólios de projetos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3142/tde-16112015-114855/.
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As organizações enfrentam pressão por geração de valor e, para tanto, buscam posicionar-se favoravelmente em seus setores de atuação, o que impõe a necessidade de definir uma estratégia clara e realizar investimentos alinhados a ela. Os investimentos são concretizados por meio de projetos, cuja seleção deve ser conduzida por um processo rigoroso, transparente e objetivo o que pode ser obtido com a definição de critérios de seleção baseados em indicadores quantitativos financeiros. Apesar da existência de muitos trabalhos com foco no alinhamento da carteira de projetos à estratégia do negócio, as discussões são conduzidas de modo qualitativo ou baseadas em exemplos específicos e aplicação de poucos critérios. O presente trabalho avalia, por meio de simulações, as implicações estratégicas dos diferentes tipos de critérios de seleção, incluindo visão de risco e retorno. Em resumo, o critério de maximizar o Valor Presente Líquido seleciona projetos de mais longa duração e fluxos de caixas positivos no longo prazo, o que favorece o crescimento da organização. Uma carteira desta natureza pode adequar-se a empresas que competem em indústrias em ritmo acelerado de crescimento. Os critérios, baseados na Taxa Interna de Retorno e no Índice de Lucratividade, selecionam projetos de elevado retorno sobre o capital investido, o que tende a privilegiar rentabilidade em vez de crescimento. Carteiras com estas características podem favorecer a atuação em indústrias de expressivo volume de mercado, porém baixas taxas de crescimento. Em contrapartida, os critérios baseados no Período de Retorno selecionam projetos de menor duração, cujos retornos ocorrem no curto prazo, característica que pode ser desejada quando a organização atua em uma indústria em declínio ou em linhas de negócio em que pretende desinvestir.Organizations face pressure for value creation and seek a favorable position in their industry segments, what demands a clear strategy and investments aligned to it. Such investments are implemented through projects, which should be selected by a rigorous, transparent and objective process what can be achieved using quantitative financial criteria for project selection. Although there are several studies focused on the alignment of Project Portfolio to Corporate Strategy, discussions are qualitative in most cases or they are based on few specific selection criteria. In order to present a broader study on the field, this work simulates the strategic implication of different selection criteria, using a risk-reward framework. Major conclusion could be achieved on that way. For example, maximizing the Net Present Value selects long lasting projects with strong cash flow generation in the long term. Such portfolios have good fit for companies competing in high growth industries. Selection criteria based on the Internal Rate of Return or the Profitability Index select high return on investment projects, which drive more profitability than growth. Such portfolios are applicable for companies competing in high volume but low growth industries. On the other hand, criteria based on the Payback Period select short term return projects, which are applicable for companies competing in shrinking industries or in divesting business lines.
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Яблонський, Є. О. "Механізм оподаткування прибутку підприємств." Thesis, Одеський національний економічний університет, 2020. http://dspace.oneu.edu.ua/jspui/handle/123456789/12736.
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У роботі розглядаються теоретичні основи прибуткового оподаткування
підприємств. Проаналізовано нормативно-правове забезпечення механізму
стягнення податку на прибуток. Визначено роль податку на прибуток
підприємств у формуванні доходів бюджету. Проведено аналіз ефективності
діяльності малих та мікропідприємств в Україні.
Запропоновано введення диференційованої шкали ставок податку на
прибуток юридичний осіб, запровадження механізму інвестиційної податкової
знижки та інвестиційного податкового кредиту, зниження ризиків
надонадходження податку на прибуток через офшоризацію національної
економіки, існування ринку віртуальних активів, контрабанду, ухилення від
оподаткування тощо.The paper considers the theoretical basis of corporate income taxation. The normative-legal framework of the mechanism for collecting the tax on profit is analyzed. The role of the corporate profit tax in the formation of budget revenues is determined. The analysis of efficiency of activity of small and microenterprises in Ukraine is carried out. The proposed introduction of a regression scale for rates of income tax legal entities, the introduction of the mechanism of investment tax rebate and investment tax credit, reduction of risks of income tax due to offshoring of the national economy, the existence of a market for virtual assets, smuggling, tax evasion, etc.
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Kaufmannová, Jana. "Návrh na zlepšení finančního hospodaření obecního úřadu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-221613.
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This thesis deals with money management in municipality Libchavy in years 2005 - 2007. Its theoretical part sums sup the most important pieces of knowledge concerning municipality functioning and money management of municipality. The practical part comprises the analyses of the status of municipality money management in the field of budget receipts and budget expenditures. In terms of previous pieces of knowledge, there are defined proposals for improving money management and contribution of municipality.
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Мойсеєв, М. С. "Доходи державного бюджету: проблеми мобілізації та шляхи збільшення." Thesis, Одеський національний економічний університет, 2021. http://local.lib/diploma/Moiseiev.pdf.
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Доступ до роботи тільки на території бібліотеки ОНЕУ, для переходу натисніть на посилання нижчеУ роботі розглянуто теоретичні засади формування дохідної частини Державного бюджету, у тому числі досліджено економічну сутність, призначення та методи мобілізації доходів, їх склад, структуру та класифікацію, визначено проблеми та особливості формування Державного бюджету. Проведено моніторинг формування дохідної частини Державного бюджету, визначено вплив основних макроекономічних показників на формування державного бюджету України. Розглянуто зарубіжний досвід формування бюджету та можливості його імплементації у вітчизняну практику, а також запропоновано напрямки оптимізації та шляхи збільшення дохідної частини Державного бюджету. Зроблено висновки.
The paper considers the theoretical foundations of the revenue side of the State Budget, including the economic essence, purpose and role of revenues, their composition, structure and classification, identified problems and features of the State Budget. The formation of the revenue part of the State Budget was monitored, the influence of the main macroeconomic indicators on the formation of the state budget of Ukraine was determined. The foreign experience of budget formation and possibilities of its implementation in domestic practice are considered, and also the directions of optimization and ways of increase of a revenue part of the State budget are offered. Conclusions are made.
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Starck, Markus O. "Delegated investing and optimal risk budgets /." Hamburg : Kovač, 2008. http://www.verlagdrkovac.de/978-3-8300-3612-8.htm.
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Čáp, Vilém. "Analýza a zhodnocení dopadů do hospodaření při případném osamostatnění městských částí Hlavního města Prahy do podoby samostatných obcí." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-264437.
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The aim of this work is to analyze and evaluate the impacts on the economy in the eventual independence of a size different boroughs of the City of Prague into separate villages in the years 2001-2015. This topic is very timely considering the frequent discussions on financing municipal districts of Prague. Prague is also the economic center of the Czech Republic. Topicality is enhanced by the fact that the model of subsidy relations between Prague and its city districts often changes. In the theoretical part are listed and explained basic terms and definitions relating to the issue. This section deals mainly with the economic theories of the budgetary determining taxes, financing municipalities and boroughs in Prague. They did not omit the legislative requirements of the functioning of municipalities and boroughs of Prague. In the practical part is evaluated development funds that flowed into the budgets of different sized urban areas and that the budgets of such units in a given period of time passed, if those units were part of the capital Prague. Part of this work is part of a proposal for legislative changes that would empower any Prague districts only allow a referendum. Finally, the comparison of the current state and the independence of the aforementioned boroughs of the capital, and in terms of income of the urban areas and in terms of financing certain obligations boroughs based on current legislation.
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Harris, Elaine Pamela. "An insight into strategic investment appraisal : project risk assessment." Thesis, Henley Business School, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311275.
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Ashuri, Baabak. "A Real Options Approach to Modeling Investments in Competitive, Dynamic Retail Markets." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24608.
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The retail industry is considered to be a very competitive industry in the United States since there are so many players in the almost saturated retail markets that provide similar products and services at similar price levels to customers. Market selection has been identified as an important strategy to differentiate a retailer in this competitive market. Therefore in this thesis, we describe a conceptual framework to evaluate retailers investment opportunities in dynamic, competitive retail markets. The objective is to describe a conceptual investment analysis framework to address the strategic aspects of a retailer s investment opportunity as well as the dynamic uncertainty of a retail market in a single framework. This conceptual framework outlines a strategic view towards retail stores as flexible assets of a retail enterprise. This conceptual framework is general and can be adjusted and applied to investments options in other services.
In addition, we develop an integrated investment analysis approach based on dynamic programming to explore retailers investment behaviors in dynamic markets. The objective is to determine retailers optimal investment thresholds in noncompetitive and competitive markets. We consider two retailers to illustrate our approach and use a simple game theory treatment to address competition in retail markets. We use our integrated investment analysis model based on a real options methodology to evaluate the apparent tendency for the small discount retailer invests earlier in a new developing market due to the competition effect from the large discount retailer. This early entry gives the small retail a first-mover advantage and delays the big retailer s entry into the competitive market. In addition, we conduct sensitivity analysis to characterize how significantly the values of our model parameters impact the retailers investment decisions.
We also develop an integrated investment analysis approach based on contingent claims analysis to explore retailers investment behaviors in dynamic markets. The objective is to determine retailers optimal investment thresholds in noncompetitive and competitive markets. The equivalent risk neutral evaluation approach is presented in this thesis as an extended version of the contingent claims analysis approach, which facilitates the market-oriented valuation of the retailer s investment option in dynamic markets. Sensitivity analysis is conducted to study how retailers optimal investment thresholds change as the values of parameters in this equivalent risk neutral evaluation approach change. The relationship between the dynamic programming and the equivalent risk neutral evaluation approach is also summarized in this thesis to identify the similarities and the differences between these two investment analysis approaches. One of the most important objectives of this comparison is to determine in what market conditions the choice of investment analysis approach is critical and dramatically changes the retailer s optimal investment threshold.
Finally, we empirically examine an important aspect of our theoretical work that the big retailer invests and opens a store relatively later in markets with a small retailer compared to markets without a small retailer. In addition, the big retailer opens a store at relatively higher retail market potential in markets with a small retailer compared to markets without a small retailer. In this thesis, we discuss some empirical evidence to support these theoretical results. We chose Wal-Mart and Dollar General as the big and small retailers, respectively, in our empirical study. Our empirical results do not validate the theory and just provide supporting evidence for our theoretical works.
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Rachid, Amira. "Orçamento participativo : perspectivas para o mundo rural." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257083.
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Orientador: Nilson Antonio Modesto ArraesDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola
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Resumo: Este trabalho analisa a relação entre o OP e o Capital Social, a partir do envolvimento das organizações no processo de mudança de comportamento cívico de seus delegados. A realização desse estudo de caso se dá em oito comunidades rurais no município de Jacareí, estado de São Paulo. O trabalho também busca caracterizar os OP?s municipais das áreas rurais de cinco municípios brasileiros (Serra ? ES, Cabo de Santo Agostinho ? PE, Rio das Ostras ? RJ e Caxias do Sul e Gravataí - RS) quanto às dimensões institucionais, operacionais e seus resultados. A caracterização dos OP?s no rural desses cinco municípios possibilita avaliar quanto a participação da população rural no programa tem sido alta. A média desses municípios aponta para a formação de 12,43% de delegados rurais, chegando a compor os conselhos de OP em 15,23% do total de conselheiros. Contudo, os investimentos estão aquém do esperado em relação ao mundo rural, uma vez que as demandas discutidas nos COP?s (Conselhos de Orçamentos Participativos), ainda se resumem no atendimento de demandas reprimidas da área urbana, onde de fato são mais volumosas nesses municípios, onde a média da população rural está abaixo de 9,6%. As conclusões produzidas pelo estudo de caso nas oito comunidades rurais de Jacareí permitem afirmar que o OP não foi capaz de alterar o comportamento cívico dos delegados e participantes entrevistados, visto pela óptica dos indicadores participação cívica, igualdade política e sentimento de solidariedade, confiança e tolerância. Conclui-se que o OP não envolveu as organizações ligadas ao setor rural em nenhuma etapa de seu processo, demonstrando-se assim uma desarticulação entre a Prefeitura e essas, segmento tão imprescindível no programa, onde certamente atuariam como intermediárias, fazendo a mediação entre o Poder Público e a Sociedade Civil
Abstract: This study analyzes the relation between Participatory Budget (PB) and Social Capital, based on participation of the organizations on the changing process of civic behavior of their delegates. The survey took place at eight rural communities at Jacarei city and five rural cities: Serra, Cabo de Santo Agostinho, Rio das Ostras, Caxias do Sul and Gravataí, in different States of Brazil. This Case Study intent to characterizer the Participatory Budget as far as institutional dimensions, operation and results at these sites. The characterization of PBs at the five rural cities makes possible evaluate how big has been the participation of the rural population. The average of these cities points to 12,43% of rural members as delegates and 15,23% of rural members as counselor at council. Although the investments are not satisfactory at rural area, it is because the needs presented at Participative Budget Council focus at urban area, where in fact urban area is bigger at these municipalities, and rural population is under 9,6% of the total. The conclusions made by this Case Study at eight rural communities of Jacarei city allows us to affirm that PB was not able to produce changing at civic comportment of delegates and interviewed participants, viewed by civic participation, political equality, solidarity, confidence and tolerance indicators. What make us conclude that PB does not involve rural organizations at any process step, presenting a real disarticulation between the Public Administration and the rural organizations, although these organizations would be very important in this process as intermediary between government and civic society
Mestrado
Planejamento e Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável
Mestre em Engenharia Agrícola
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Boadu, Bernard. "An Analysis of the Flypaper and Fungibility Effects of Intergovernmental Revenue on Municipal Operating and Capital Budgets." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2020. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1703428/.
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The flypaper effect states that grants-in-aid increases public spending more than a comparable increase in personal income. If aid increases spending, then there is the possibility that it displaces own-source revenue or a portion of the aid itself is used to meet other priorities of governments, fungibility. Different local government structures have the tendency to prioritize either the operating or capital budget. Empirical evidence shows that federal and state grants have different flypaper effect. While fungible state aid is allocated to the operating budget, that of federal goes to the capital budget. Council-manager and mayor-council form of governments do not allocate fungible intergovernmental aid differently between the capital and operating budgets.
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Bekink, Bernard. "The Restructuring (Systemization) of Local Government under the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996." Thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-12042006-163249/.
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Meissonnier, Joël. "Les provinciliens : étude stratégique d'un comportement de déplacements quotidiens et alternants en train, entre capitale et province." Paris 5, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA054015.
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Les "provinciliens" résident en province mais travaillent à paris ou ils se rendent quotidiennement, en train. L'emploi est une "bonne raison" de partir à Paris. Les "bonnes raisons" de revenir quotidiennement s'appuient sur des contraintes familiales et financières, des calculs, ainsi que des représentations sociales concernant les choix de vie. Lorsque la "pendularité" est provisoire, elle s'inscrit comme une "étape intermédiaire" au sein d'une dynamique historique centrifuge - fuir Paris - ou centripète - s'en rapprocher -. Lorsqu'elle est durable, la "pendularité" correspond à un "équilibre" à long terme. Malgré la mobilité induite, les acteurs demeurent "sédentaires" et paradoxalement, c'est parmi les moins mobiles que nous repérons les plus "nomades". Dans le train, certains acteurs demeurent solitaires, alors que d'autres se rencontrent. De petits groupes d'abonnés se constituent suite à une transgression de la règle de "coopération par évitement". Ces groupes contrôlent les "règles du jeu" leur permettant de réserver une place assise ne l'ayant pas été par l'autorité légitime. Les activités pratiquées dans le train révèlent une stratégie qui consiste à "gommer" le temps, ou à agir "en temps masqué". Elles nous amènent à qualifier ce lieu d'"extension" du bureau ou d'"extension" du cadre domestique (le salon, la salle de bain, la cuisine. . . ). Le wagon est un espace-temps réinterprété par les acteurs, selon leurs contraintes extérieures, tout en étant une frontière imperméable matérialisant la rupture entre deux réseaux de relations qu'il relie pourtant. Au cours de la journée de travail parisienne, nous identifions plusieurs "zones de marchandage" du temps, dont l'enjeu consiste invariablement à acquérir une "marge de manœuvre" que nous appelons "flexibilité". Les acteurs sont "gagnants" ou "perdants" du sous-jeu professionnel, suivant qu'ils parviennent ou non à monter à bord du train. Symétriquement, nous avons étudié le sous-jeu domestique se greffant autour de la contrainte de déplacement. Nous y identifions aussi, des stratégies d'optimisation du temps qui montrent comment l'acteur évite de "perdre" le temps qu'il consacre a des activités domestiques "accessoires", pour le mettre au service d'activités jugées plus "essentielles". La gestion du temps est au cœur de la problématique du provinciliens car le temps représente la principale <
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Brůček, Tomáš. "Legislativní změny v oblasti loterií a jejich fiskální dopady." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-192625.
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The thesis is focused on changes in legislation in the field of lotteries and their impact on the budgets of selected municipalities. The gaming industry is a specific part of the economy which is connected with the unique taxation system. Since 2012, a new taxation system has been applied - it has consequences on public budgets. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate these changes and to qualify their impact on the amount and the structure of income from gambling in selected Prague city districts. The development of income from gambling is strongly influenced by city districts' attitude towards gambling. In city districts with zero tolerance of gambling, income from gambling dropped. On the contrary, city districts with high concentration of gambling increased their income. Due to existence of the Capital City of Prague, the position of city districts is different in comparison with the other cities and villages.
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Georgiou, Jonathan. "Exploring the benefits of attracting, recruiting and retaining mature age employees up to and beyond the traditional age of retirement: Perspectives from Western Australia." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2015. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1632.
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There has been a recent upsurge in media attention surrounding Australia’s ageing workforce. A review of academic, media and grey literature highlighted inadequacies in existing workplace polices, as well as flaws in financial and social security schemes. Of particular concern were persistent negative attitudes and counterproductive policies regarding mature age employees (MAEs). Poor retention rates among this cohort of workers aged 45 years and over are leading to skilled labour shortages and losses in corporate knowledge. This expected mass exodus of mature cohorts into retirement has been predicted to negatively impact the socio-economic sustainability of ageing societies world-wide and is a pertinent issue for Western Australia (WA).
The overarching objective of this study was to identify the ‘place’ of mature cohorts within WA workplaces and promote strategies that will improve the employment conditions and overall quality of life of ageing workforces. Research questions aimed to address the need for greater mature age employment up to and beyond pensionable age; identify ‘gaps’ in policies and programmes; and explore how mature cohorts were perceived (valued) and the extent their departure may affect WA society (labour force).
By using a mixed methods research design, this Doctoral dissertation developed a conceptual framework for limiting significant issues individuals, businesses and society may experience as a result of WA’s ageing workforce; whilst simultaneously promoting the benefits of maturity and mature age employment. This Re-Model draws upon the community development work principles of social justice, empowerment and social capital; and is further contextualised by methods of best practice identified from the triangulation of secondary sources, quantitative data and qualitative inquiry. Primary data collection involved the completion of 362 surveys, followed by 27 semistructured interviews and four focus group activities, with a cross section of MAEs, volunteers, their employers, retirees and unemployed cohorts from across WA.
Over one-third of current MAEs, employers and volunteers in this study reported they intended working later than the traditional age of retirement, with 71 per cent of this sample planning to semi-retire. Furthermore, almost 60 per cent of a sample that had previously exited the labour force was working at the time of data collection as semi-retirees or rehired retirees (rehirees). Collectively, these statistics indicated that despite predictions of mass disengagement among mature cohorts, most of this crosssection of Western Australians are seeking to remain in (or re-enter) the WA workforce beyond pensionable age. However, quantitative and qualitative findings revealed several barriers to their continued engagement, including access to ‘age-friendly’ workplaces; a dearth of targeted training (career) development and employment assistance; and a lack of value attributed to mature age skills and experience, particularly deleterious in WA’s youth-centric culture.
Primary data also highlighted several enabling factors for mature age employment. ‘Flexibility’ and ‘autonomy of choice’ were cited as key dimensions across all aspects of paid work, volunteering and retirement – whether in terms of worklife- balance; the individuation of training and development; or options available to those transitioning out of traditional employment. Data indicated that sustainable cultural change required more than just the removal of negative policies or introduction of punitive legislation. Maintaining a positive outlook among mature age individuals and simultaneously educating (younger) co-workers, employers, policy-makers (stakeholders) and society about the virtues of maturity and non-traditional work (skills) were considered essential to changing societal attitudes, behaviour and culture.
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Senate, University of Arizona Faculty. "Faculty Senate Minutes December 4, 2017." University of Arizona Faculty Senate (Tucson, AZ), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626507.
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Di, Stefano Massimo. "Lieux pieux aumôniers, nobles, finance publique et privée : interactions et ambiguïtés relationnelles dans le Milanais moderne (1615-1801)." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ2018.
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Cette étude, couvrant près de deux siècles d'histoire du Milanais, saisit les institutions caritatives, les nobles, les monastères, les opérateurs privés, l'État et les villes, unis par le mince filet de la finance. D'autres types de relations se développent également autour des rapports dette-crédit, liées à la gestion du pouvoir, que le patriarcat milanais tient fermement entre ses mains pendant presque tout l'ère moderne. A ce propos, les lieux pieux aumôniers jouent un rôle non marginal, la preuve en est l'occupation totale de leurs Chapitres (conseils d'administration) par la noblesse milanaise, prête à défendre ses privilèges de caste, quelle que soit l'alternance des dirigeants étrangers.Au fil du temps, les lieux pieux deviennent le siège des intérêts des classes aisées et développent, en plus de celle institutionnelle de la charité, d’autres fonctions: assise pour le contrôle du welfare milanais; nœud du réseau tissé par les familles nobles milanaises pour l'affirmation de leur rôle et la défense de leurs prérogatives; outil permettant de garantir une rente à ses héritiers ou de protéger le patrimoine des risques de perte.Les lieux pieux aumôniers, grands propriétaires fonciers et opérateurs financiers d'une certaine importance, subventionnent l'Etat et surtout les villes, qui ont besoin d'argent pour payer la part des dépenses militaires qui leur sont imposées par le souverain. Les prêts accordés sont - normalement - des accords de longue durée, parfois complexes et même ambigus. Les institutions caritatives participent volontairement au soutien du secteur public, mais y sont parfois induits, voire forcés.La recherche tente de faire ressortir ces multiples aspects liés à l'action des lieux pieux de Milan et aux familles qui les ont contrôlés pour longtempsThis research, which includes almost two centuries of Milan's history, is about charities, aristocrats, monasteries, private entities, the State and the city, all of which were connected by the invisible link of finance. It was around the debit-credit dynamics that different types of connections came to life, which were connected to political and financial power, a stronghold of Milanese patricians throughout almost all the modern era. In those circumstances charities entities had a relevant role, which is proven by the fact that their administrative boards (Capitoli) were entirely taken care of by the Milanese aristocrats, whose priority was to defend their own privileges, without regard for the change of the different foreign rulers that rotated in power. As time goes by, charities entities became the crucial for the activities of the nobles, and started to perform a variety of functions outside their institutional role: court of justice for the control of the Milanese welfare, hub of the aristocrats network aimed to guaranteed their role in society and to defend their Status, as well as a toll that would grant an income to their heirs, or to protect their assets from loss. Charities organisations were also land owners and relevant financial operators and subsidised the government and cities that were in need of money to support the military expenses imposed by the sovereign. The loans were normally long term and the arrangements often complicated and even ambiguous.Charity bodies usually willingly participated to the funding of public sector, however at times they were persuaded or even forced to do so. This study aims to highlight various aspects connected to the role played by the Milanese charities entities and the families whom were widely in control of these institutions
Questo studio, che abbraccia quasi due secoli di storia del Milanese, coglie gli enti elemosinieri, i nobili, i monasteri, gli operatori privati, lo Stato e le città, uniti dal sottile filo della finanza. Attorno ai rapporti di debito-credito si sviluppano anche relazioni di altra natura, connesse alla gestione del potere, che il patriziato milanese tiene saldamente nelle proprie mani per quasi tutta l’età moderna. In tal senso, i luoghi pii elemosinieri rivestono un ruolo non marginale, prova ne è la totale occupazione dei loro Capitoli (consigli di amministrazione) da parte della nobiltà milanese, pronta a difendere i propri privilegi di casta, indipendentemente dall’avvicendamento dei dominatori stranieri. Gli enti elemosinieri divengono, con il passare del tempo, la sede degli interessi delle classi agiate, ed assolvono – oltre a quella istituzionale della carità – diverse altre funzioni: assise per il controllo del welfare milanese; nodo della rete tessuta dalle famiglie nobili milanesi per l’affermazione del proprio ruolo e la difesa delle proprie prerogative; strumento attraverso il quale garantire ai propri eredi una rendita o mettere al riparo il patrimonio da rischi di perdita. I luoghi pii elemosinieri, che sono grandi proprietari terrieri e operatori finanziari di un certo rilievo, sovvenzionano lo Stato e soprattutto le città, bisognose di denaro per pagare la quota di spese militari loro imposta dal sovrano. I prestiti concessi sono – normalmente – di lunga durata, e gli accordi talvolta complessi e, persino, ambigui. Gli enti elemosinieri partecipano al sostegno del settore pubblico volontariamente, ma talora vi sono indotti, se non addirittura costretti. La ricerca tenta di far affiorare questi molteplici aspetti legati all’azione dei luoghi pii elemosinieri milanesi e alle famiglie che, maggiormente, ne detengono il controllo
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Srithongrung, Arwiphawee. "The impact of state capital budget and management programs on state capital budget decisions and economic performance /." Diss., 2006.
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Napier, Jason. "Capital budgeting techniques : principle versus practice in South Africa." Thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/3822.
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Yi-Chun, Lin, and 林逸群. "The Application of Real Option on Capital Budget of Rubber Industry." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41151153554769424292.
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碩士國立臺灣科技大學
管理研究所企業管理學程
87
All industries need to make some valuable investment projects in order to recreate their market values and keep their management ongoing as well. With reference to any amount of fund, we''d ignore the flexibility in strategy and in management if judging by the traditional way of investment. The traditional NPV method in valuing the value of investment project can''t properly capture management''s flexibility in order to make the deviation of project value. In recent years, the concept of real options is provided an option thinking to the application of investment decision. It provides management a method of flexible and contingent decision to reduce the probability of wrong decision and solute the real NPV of the project. In this research, we apply the option-pricing model to evaluate the flexibility embedded in projects. With this risk-neutral valuation approach, we can deal with the problem of uncertainties of the investment project. We also can utilize the information available in the market and avoid some subjective assessments in the pricing model. With some appropriate modifications, it is also applicable for evaluating strategic capital investment projects in other industries.
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Chen, Po-Chih, and 陳柏志. "The Study of Inducting Intellectual Capital Concept into Defense Budget Management." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51307743557255727562.
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碩士國防管理學院
國防財務資源研究所
95
This research regards the defense budget management unit as the research subject. By using Structural Equation Model(SEM), we investigates the relationship between the factors of the intellectual capital of defense budget proformance, and check the influence of intellectual capital and defense budget proformance. The first important capital of intellectual capital connotation the takes the concern of budget management unit is “Human capital” ,and the second one is “Relationship capital” .The recognization of budget management units about intellectual capital and budget proformance has significant difference. This study shows that “Human capital” has significant influence to“Structural capital”and “Relationship capital” and directly effect to budget proformance in the budget management units. It shows that reinforcing the “Human capital” of the budget units is the most directly and effective way to better the proformance. By the mediated effect of budget proformance we find that the path (human capital through structural and relationship capital to affect budget proformance) has significant effect. The human capital accumulation of the budget management units can indirectly through the structural and relationship capital to make postive effect to budget proformance.
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BAI, KUN-RONG, and 白崑榮. "Capital budget decisions and estimations of the cast of capital for the listed shipping companies in Taiwan." Thesis, 1992. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45556921569702658218.
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