Academic literature on the topic 'Capital Capabilities'

Наступившая цифровая эра во многом отличается от предыдущей промышленной парадигмы и предыдущих этапов цифровизации с точки зрения охвата, сложности, технологий и результатов. В настоящих реалиях для процветания требуются новые умонастроения, стратегии и наборы инструментов. Поэтому людям необходимо успешно наращивать цифровые возможности для своего пути цифровой трансформации. Статья посвящена актуальной на сегодняшний день проблеме приобретения навыков, необходимых в цифровой экономике. В качестве исследовательской задачи авторами была определена попытка оценить цифровые возможности развития человеческого капитала. В статье приведен анализ взглядов исследователей на определение понятия навыков, их уровней. Данное направление дополняется также рассмотрением смежных понятий «способности» и «компетенции», предпринята попытка дефинирования терминов и выявления основных различий между ними. The new digital era differs in many ways from the previous industrial paradigm and previous stages of digitalization in terms of coverage, complexity, technologies and results. In the present realities, new mindsets, strategies and tool sets are required for prosperity. Therefore, people need to successfully increase digital opportunities for their path of digital transformation. The article is devoted to the current problem of acquiring skills necessary in the digital economy. As a research task, the authors identified an attempt to assess the digital capabilities of human capital development. The article analyzes the views of researchers on the definition of the concept of skills, their levels. This direction is also supplemented by the consideration of the related concepts of "abilities" and "competencies", an attempt is made to define the terms and identify the main differences between them.

Earlier studies in investigating the determinants of poverty in Nigeria have n0t explicitly considered the importance of capabilities as determinants of poverty despite the fact that capabilities dictate the state of deprivation and poverty among households. This paper examines the link between human capitol, capabilities, and poverty in the rural sector of the Nigerian economy. The study uses data from the 1996 General Household Survey (GHS) conducted by the Federal Office of Statistics, The analysis indicates that poverty is widespread in rural Nigeria and probit regression estimates emphasize the significant effects of human capital and capabilities in determining poverty status of rural households in Nigeria. These findings, therefore, suggest the need for a conscious effort at the policy level to redress poverty by increasing the human capital of individuals through provision of adequate education and other social sector services to individuals especially in rural areas.

<em>The purpose of this research was obtained empirical evidences and found the intelligibility of the phenomenon of the effect&nbsp;</em><em>C</em><em>apital and Marketing Capabilities and Implications on Performance and Women Welfare Recipient Business Group (KUBE).. The research method used descriptive and verification method. The independent variables were : The influence&nbsp;</em><em>of&nbsp;</em><em>Creativity</em><em>,&nbsp;</em><em>Innovation</em><em>,&nbsp;</em><em>and Skills. Capital Capabilities and Marketing Capabilities (Y2)</em><em>&nbsp;</em><em>as intervening variable and the dependent variable was&nbsp;</em><em>Performance&nbsp; and Welfare.&nbsp;</em><em>SEM analysis was used to examine the models and hypothesis.</em> <em>The results of this study show that: (1) Creativity, Innovation and Skills simultaneously have a significant and positive impact on the ability of capital, (2) Creativity, Innovation and Skills simultaneously have a significant and positive impact on the ability of marketing, (3) Capital and Capabilities Marketing Capabilities&nbsp;</em><em>have&nbsp;</em><em>positive influence on the performance of management KUBE</em><em>;</em>&nbsp;<em>(4) the performance&nbsp;</em><em>has&nbsp;</em><em>positive effect on the welfare of KUBE management.</em>

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between intellectual capital, organizational capabilities, Innovations and firm performance through the moderating role of GSP Plus status. The findings show that intellectual capital, organizational capabilities, and Innovations have a significant impact on firm performance. Additionally, the GSP Plus moderates the relationship between intellectual capital and firm performance. The GSP Plus also moderates the relationship between Innovation and firm performance. However, GSP Plus does not moderate the relationship between organizational capabilities and firm performance. The findings of this study would guide the textile exporters to understand how to enhance a firm’s performance by giving preference to the intellectual capitals, Organizational Capabilities and Innovations and how to utilize the GSP Plus status effectively

Submitted by Antonio Grieco (guto@espm.br) on 2017-07-25T14:52:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Final-tese-guto-fgv-22-7-2017-com a ficha catalografica.pdf: 5292536 bytes, checksum: 9defb5c0c8e04e6a3c264aea22f3757b (MD5)<br>Rejected by Pamela Beltran Tonsa (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br), reason: Guto, Confirmo o recebimento do seu trabalho, porem está faltando o AGRADECIMENTO. Por gentileza, apague o seu arquivo e faça novamente a submissão. Fico no aguardo para darmos andamento ao processo. Qualquer dúvida estamos à disposição. Att, Pâmela Tonsa on 2017-07-25T15:13:06Z (GMT)<br>Submitted by Antonio Grieco (guto@espm.br) on 2017-07-25T15:48:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Final2-Tese-Guto-Nova-22-7-2017.pdf: 2207836 bytes, checksum: f0ea83f03f423c9cfa8664f85ec8b259 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Pamela Beltran Tonsa (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br) on 2017-07-25T18:41:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Final2-Tese-Guto-Nova-22-7-2017.pdf: 2207836 bytes, checksum: f0ea83f03f423c9cfa8664f85ec8b259 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-26T12:29:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Final2-Tese-Guto-Nova-22-7-2017.pdf: 2207836 bytes, checksum: f0ea83f03f423c9cfa8664f85ec8b259 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-27<br>Innovation is considered one of the key capabilities required for organizations to achieve success. Previous research has claimed that social capital influences innovation capabilities, yet not the extent of its dimensions (cognitive, relational and structural). This study addressed this research gap by a survey performed among ANPEI (Research and Development Nacional Association of Innovative Companies) members, specifically innovation managers from Brazilian and multinational companies from several sectors, operating in Brasil. 440 innovation managers from 220 companies during the period from December/2016 and January/2017 participated. An instrument with 24 items was designed to measure the independent and dependent variables. A web-based survey was created on QuestionPro Platform, to disseminate the survey through a link and collect data easily. The software SmartPLS 3 was used to treat the data as main analysis tool. It estimates PLS path models for the empirical validation of Theoretical model. The results showed that both cognitive, relational and structural dimensions of social capital affect positvelly the generation of innovation capability, but we found out that the structural social capital has a higher impact on the generation of innovation capability. We verified that R&D also affects positevly in the generation of Innovation Capability.<br>A inovação é um dos principais recursos para alcançar o sucesso nas organizações. Por meio de estudos anteriores, sabe-se que o capital social influencia as capacidades de inovação da firma, todavia ainda não foi medido o impacto de suas dimensões cognitiva, relacional e estrutural na capacidade de inovação da empresa. Este estudo aborda esta lacuna de pesquisa por uma pesquisa realizada com os membros da ANPEI (Associação Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Empresas Inovadoras), especificamente os gerentes de inovação, de empresas Brasileiras e multinacionais de diversos. Participaram da pesquisa 440 gerentes de inovação de 220 empresas no período de dezembro 2016 e janeiro 2017. Um instrumento com 24 itens foi projetado para medir as variáveis independentes e dependentes. A pesquisa foi criada na plataforma QuestionPro. A pesquisa foi disseminada através de um link e coletar dados com facilidade. O software SmartPLS 3 foi usado para tratar os dados como principal ferramenta de análise. Ele calculou Path coefficients para a validação empírica do modelo teórico. Os resultados confirmam que tanto as dimensões cognitivas, relacionais e estruturais do capital social afetam positivamente a geração da capacidade de inovação, mas descobrimos que o capital social estrutural tem um maior impacto na geração de capacidade de inovação. Verificamos que a existência de R & D também afeta de forma positiva a geração de Capacidade de Inovação

Dynamic managerial capabilities are frequently viewed as a source of influence among decision-making managers within environments of volatility. Conversely, managers postulate that decision-making in rapidly changing environments is never perfect and faces a variety of influencing factors. In addition, industries represent a collection of firms that produce similar goods or services for a particular market. This recipe is often recognized by all industry related firms and adapted accordingly. Similarly, firms comprised as “incumbents” and “challengers” are firms that are well established in the industry and firms that seek to change the industry. Recognizing which influencers affect the managerial decision-making process is necessary to adapt and evolve a firm’s decision-making logic. This thesis presents a detailed study of the Hollywood Film Industry Recipe as it relates to the influencing factors within the green lighting process of feature films among incumbent and challenger studios. An inductive research approach is used to investigate four case studies throughout the Hollywood Film Industry. Two case studies are recognized as industry incumbents while the other two are recognized as industry challengers. The analysis identifies an industry recipe, firm adopted industry and adaptations, and dynamic managerial capabilities utilized through the influence of the process. In addition, an illustration of the industry recipes influence dynamic managerial capabilities adopted by firms. Findings suggest that dynamic managerial capabilities is an output of industry recipes adopted amongst firms, and that refinement of those capabilities is a circular renewal process between managerial judgement and firm/managerial dominant logics. In addition, industry recipes influence the way in which dynamic managerial capabilities are acquired, processed, and absorbed. This study contributes to the field of strategy as it suggests a coherent framework that illustrates how industry recipes influence incumbent and challenger studios within a given industry. Additionally, it also demonstrates how dynamic managerial capabilities are formed and structured based on the adopted industry recipe. Finally, it outlines how decisions are made by managers within incumbent and challenger firms, highlighting a circular process of decision-making with regards to the creation an distribution of an industry related product.

Undercapitalization is a major impediment for the growth and survival of Canadian life sciences firms. Proficient management teams are the 'sine qua non' criteria in the venture capital decision-making processes. The purpose of this multicase study was to explore strategies successful venture capitalists use to improve their evaluation processes of life sciences management teams' drug development capabilities. The conceptual framework for this study was based on business process management. The purposeful sample consisted of 10 venture capitalists located in the United States and Canada who had expertise evaluating life sciences management teams. The data were triangulated from semistructured interviews, annual reports, company websites, and articles. Collected data were coded to identify underlying themes. Several themes emerged from the analysis process: begin with the exit in mind, collapse learning timelines, conduct systematic due diligence, and cultivate and critique one's drug development expertise. The findings may provide venture capitalists and other investors such as angel investors with a refined framework for improving investment decisions. Life sciences management teams may also attract more private equity financing by understanding the vicissitudes of investor expectations. Increased investment and venture capital support for life sciences companies may revitalize the development of new therapies and effect social change by improving patient lives and investment outcomes.

Ces trois dernières décennies, de multiples recherches ont été menées sur le capital social afin de comprendre son fonctionnement, son importance sur l’être humain, son impact sur le bien-être de l’individu et son implication dans le bon fonctionnement de la société. De son côté, la théorie des capacités développée par Amartya Sen met en exergue des concepts essentiels pour l’économie du développement. Cette approche est centrée sur l’individu et laisse de côté le versant collectif de la problématique du développement. L’importance et l’impact des réseaux sociaux sont ignorés dans l’approche des capacités. Les réseaux sociaux, en manifestant l’implication des individus dans des groupements et des actions collectives, offrent un lien évident avec les capacités des individus aussi bien qu’avec leur capital social. Cet aspect a été développé par Giraud et al. (2013). Un autre déterminant ne doit pas être négligé dans le processus de développement : le bonheur ou bien-être subjectif. L’un des intérêts majeurs du capital social n’est-il pas de contribuer au bien-être subjectif des individus ? Ce dernier n’est-il pas une mesure, parmi d’autres, du «développement» ? A quoi bon accumuler du capital social ou déployer des capacités, fussent-elles relationnelles, si cela n’ajoute rien au bonheur ? Ces différents concepts et les liens qui les unissent, ne sont pas suffisamment approfondis dans la littérature. Cette thèse propose de tester différentes réponses possibles à la question : quels sont les liens entre capital social, capacités relationnelles, bonheur et développement économique ?<br>Welfare economics in a behavioral world is gaining increasing traction for research in economics and social sciences at large. Especially the last three decades, ever more research efforts have been directed to understand welfare better. Social capital has been one of the prime candidates and now a domain of research. Research is undertaken to understand its importance, how it operates, and what impact it has on the well-being of an individual and the health of a society. The capabilities approach developed by Amartya Sen highlights the fundamental role of economic development that focuses on the improving individual capabilities and expanding choice sets of each individual. However, this capability approach is individual-centric and inadvertently leaves out the shared or the collective nature of an individual’s existence. The social networks/interconnectedness is not addressed in the capability approach of Sen. At the same time, the social networks embody the mobilization of individuals in groups, association, and civic action. This aspect is developed by Giraud et al. (2013), called the relational capability approach. Another major research domain that cannot be neglected in the economic or human development evaluation is happiness (or subjective well-being). The concept of subject well-being is closely related to the social capital domain. In the literature, these concepts of social capital, relational capabilities, subjective well-being and development, and especially the linkages between them are not well explored or explicitly studied. This is the primary motivation for this dissertation

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Management, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.<br>Committee Chair: Frank T. Rothaermel; Committee Member: J. Jeongsik Lee; Committee Member: John Walsh; Committee Member: Luis Martins; Committee Member: Matt Higgins.

Venture capital (VC) is widely perceived by UK policymakers to be a key requirement for the growth and development of successful and innovative early stage firms. This thesis examines how government policy has impacted the emergence of VC sectors in the UK and US. Using historical, qualitative and quantitative methods it argues that the public rationale behind UK policy has been largely framed in ways that underestimate the importance of capabilities, demand for capital, and institutional differences. The thesis examines venture capitalists' key supply‐demand relationships: with funded firms; with limited partners; and with the markets that allow exit via IPO. It argues that the US VC sector has developed unique capabilities enabling the assembly of complementary assets to bring firms to successful IPO. In the UK, policy aimed at addressing the ‘equity gap' has focused on the provision of capital rather than developing the capabilities that have characterised the US sector. We perform quantitative analysis examining the effectiveness of recent UK schemes at providing VC funding to small firms. Drawing upon two proprietary datasets, including one new hand‐collected dataset of all investments made under the Venture Capital Trust scheme, the thesis provides new quantitative evidence on the success of government policy interventions, demand for capital by firms, and investment exit opportunities. The thesis then compares principal‐agent and evolutionary framing perspectives of the VC sector, arguing the evolutionary view explains some nuances more readily than a pure principal‐agent view. It concludes by discussing the theoretical and policy implications of the research.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Kelley School of Business, 2008.<br>Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Jul 21, 2009). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-10, Section: A, page: 4033. Advisers: Carol V. Brown; Alan R. Dennis.

L'amélioration des conditions des femmes et des hommes s'est accompagnée de l'émergence des différentes approches et théories économiques. Cette nouvelle donne a également conduit à l'échange entre les pays du Nord et du Sud qui a enrichi le corpus théorique économique en faveur des PVD en particulier. Cette thèse se situe dans le cadre de l'économie du développement. Elle a pour objectif principal de chercher les conditions pour mettre en œuvre l'égalité dans les rapports sociaux de sexe au service du développement au Maroc. Il s'agit d'identifier à travers l'expérience des élues des collectivités territoriales et du capital humain du ministère de l'intérieur marocain la situation des rapports sociaux de sexe, la place et les rôles des femmes et des hommes dans la participation au développement. La première partie présente le cadre théorique général des approches économiques indispensables pour notre travail de recherche doctorale. La deuxième partie expose les outils méthodologiques mobilisés à travers l'approche des « capabilités », du capital humain et de la discrimination. Cette partie tente de présenter le développement par le bas avec le rôle des élues des collectivités territoriales et le développement par le haut à travers les fonctionnaires des services centraux du ministère de l'intérieur, afin de mettre en marche dans la pratique l'égalité dans les rapports sociaux de sexe<br>Improving the conditions of women and men is accompanied by the emergence of different approaches and economic theories. This new situation has also led to an exchange between the North and South. Thus, the economic and theoretical corpus has been enriched in favor of developing countries in particular. Despite the efforts that have been made terms of equality of gender relations and changing laws, it is still difficult to identify this equality in the development. This thesis is part of development economics. Its main objective is to seek the equality of gender relations and their implementation for development in Morocco, through the experience of elected local authorities and the human capital of the Ministry of the Interior. The first part presents the general theoretical framework of economic approaches that are essential for our work of doctoral research. The second part describes the methodological and mobilized tools through the capabilities approach, human capital and discrimination. This section attempts to present the development from below by the role of elected local authorities and development across the top officials of the Central services of the ministry of interior so as to practice the equal gender relations

Purpose: The purpose of our research was to study the role and impact that ‘information and communication technologies’ and the MEC centers might have on the Uruguayan society. We want to examine how MEC and ICT usage could affect daily lives of marginalized people in Uruguay. We want to explore how it might benefit individuals living in small communities by evaluating indicators of positive impact of how ICT usage could strengthen capitals and increase freedom. Furthermore, our aim is to understand how digital literacy and the access to ICT’s can be related to democracy, and try to understand if greater individual empowerment also could enhance democracy. Method: For a period of eight weeks, from March 3rd to 28th of April 2014, we were in Montevideo and vicinity to gather material that we later have analyzed qualitatively. The material is based on observations in the field, interviews with various stakeholders, manuals and national policy documents concerning MEC, as well answers we received from an online survey. Main conclusions:We have found that the MEC centers and ICT, combined with education, could be an important tool to facilitate the inclusion of marginalized groups in the Uruguayan society. Our findings indicate that the MEC centers in Uruguay could contribute to the decentralization of the country and have a positive impact on gender- and generation equality. The result suggests that the centers could have a positive impact on democracy in Uruguay by teaching participants how to use e-governmental services as well as encouraging them to participate in online governmental websites. Furthermore, we found that MEC lets the local communities be in charge of their own development, which indicate that the sustainability of the project is increased as well as the positive development outcome. Through the MEC centers we found that both the freedom and the social capital of the participants were positively affected.

The textbook outlines the most important aspects of accounting and analysis of assets, liabilities and capital of the organization. The presented material consists of two parts. The first part sets out the concept, tasks and functions of accounting, regulatory regulation of accounting in the Russian Federation, ethical requirements for an accountant; describes the subject and method of accounting, types and structure of accounting accounts and rules for the formation of correspondence accounts; organizational and methodological foundations of economic analysis are considered.&#x0D; The second part describes the methods of accounting and analysis of assets, liabilities and capital of the organization — fixed assets, intangible assets, inventory, settlements with personnel on wages,&#x0D; costs of production and sale of products (works, services), etc. Attention is paid to the basics of the formation of accounting statements, as well as the information capabilities of the analysis of accounting (financial) statements of the company.&#x0D; It is intended for students of the specialty program "Economic Security", bachelor's degree programs "Economics" and "Management", as well as students of the system of additional professional education.

Abstract Industrial cooling water systems are key enablers of unit processes. Maximizing cooling system performance serves to realize primary business goals such as production throughput and yield, energy and water conservation, capital asset preservation, environmental compliance and the protection of human health. The management of corrosion is inextricably linked to successful control of scale and deposits, as well as microbiological activity. Throughout the past 30 years, industry has benefited from a steady progression of developments technological advancements in the automation and control of critical water system parameters. Today, measurement of all three crucial elements of effective cooling water treatment (i.e. corrosion, deposition and microbiological activity) is possible with a single instrument platform that is reliable and cost-effective. In addition, that same platform is capable of controlling critical variables for corrosion and deposit control that takes full advantage of these new measurement capabilities. This paper discusses the most recent and complimentary developments in automation and process control technologies, in both on-line and off-line modes, and the convergence of their development with the changing needs and challenges of operators of industrial cooling water systems. Case reviews of real-world field applications of on-line technologies in practical, every-day situations also are presented.

Abstract Rapidly aging oil and gas infrastructure is forcing operators to seek creative ways to maintain pipeline integrity with minimal capital investment and interruption to production. Rising material costs, excessive installation times, and numerous permitting challenges limit the feasibility and profitability of full replacement methods. Composite flexible steel-reinforced pipe products offer unique solutions to these challenging scenarios. Long package lengths, high tensile capabilities, and unbonded, flexible designs offer an ideal solution for the rapid rehabilitation of these dilapidated systems. In many applications, steel-reinforced spoolable composites require minimal disturbance to existing infrastructure and, in some cases, can be installed at lengths exceeding one mile. Relying upon its own inherent strength and mechanical properties, flexible steel pipe uses the existing infrastructure as a conduit and does not rely on the integrity of the host pipe for future operation. Equipped with a high-density polyethylene inner layer, composite steel pipes also offer greater flow characteristics than new steel alternatives, minimizing the effects of most diameter reductions. This paper highlights a successful rehabilitation of a regulated steel line with flexible steel pipe. The pipeline resides under jurisdiction and was approved by both state and federal pipeline safety administrations. Upon completion, the rehabilitated system restored transmission while also reducing overall operating risk. Use of the flexible steel pipe allowed the operator to utilize a dual-containment design while also implementing real-time continuous annulus monitoring on multiple interfaces, effectively reducing risk to environment and local residents.

Abstract Rapidly aging oil and gas infrastructure is forcing operators to seek creative ways to maintain pipeline integrity with minimal capital investment and interruption to production. Rising material costs, excessive installation times, and numerous permitting challenges limit the feasibility and profitability of full replacement methods. Composite flexible steel-reinforced pipe products offer unique solutions to these challenging scenarios. Long package lengths, high tensile capabilities, and unbonded, flexible designs offer an ideal solution for the rapid rehabilitation of these dilapidated systems. In many applications, steel-reinforced spoolable composites require minimal disturbance to existing infrastructure and, in some cases, can be installed at lengths exceeding one mile. Relying upon its own inherent strength and mechanical properties, flexible steel pipe uses the existing infrastructure as a conduit and does not rely on the integrity of the host pipe for future operation. Equipped with a high-density polyethylene inner layer, composite steel pipes also offer greater flow characteristics than new steel alternatives, minimizing the effects of most diameter reductions. This paper highlights the successful rehabilitation of a 49 CFR 195 regulated steel line in southern Louisiana. The status of the pipeline after one year of operation is detailed, providing updates to product integrity, results of scheduled material testing, and economic benefits realized by the Operator. The pipeline traverses a navigable waterway and rehabilitation using steel-reinforced thermoplastic pipe was approved by both state and federal pipeline safety administrations. Upon completion, the rehabilitated system restored crude transmission while also reducing overall operating risk. Use of the flexible steel pipe allowed the operator to utilize a dual-containment design and implement real-time continuous annulus monitoring on multiple interfaces, effectively reducing risk to the environment and residents.

In accordance with the requirements of the "Local Self-Government Code", for the purpose of equal socio-economic development of the entire territory of the country, the relevant state authorities should establish relevant state standards and technical regulations in the field of self-governments' own and delegated powers. In local self-governments, the issue of budgetary independence and sustainable development of the municipal economy is even more difficult considering the Russia-Ukraine war and the unpredictable processes taking place in the world. Based on the current situation, local self-governments should develop an economic policy designed for internal and external risks. It is necessary to increase the competence of civil servants of local self-governments and accordingly to increase the share of local self-governments' own revenues in the total municipal budget. Local self-governments, in order to ensure the implementation of their powers, should support the local business sector as much as possible in order to additionally create new jobs. Local self-governments should develop such local development plans that take into account local capabilities as much as possible and ensure sustainable socio-economic development of citizens living in local self-governments. When drawing up local development plans, the experience of foreign developed countries and local self-governments should be used as much as possible. If necessary, local self-governments of Georgia should establish joint ventures with friendly foreign cities. Mutual sharing of experience and introduction of modern European innovations and innovations in local self-governments of Georgia should be done as much as possible. There are important measures to be taken in local self-governments, in the direction of reducing corruption, nepotism and shadow economy. One of the important problems in local self-governments is low competence of civil servants, lack of local initiatives, underestimation of successful civil servants. The created situation significantly worsens the quality of work of local self-governments and promotes the outflow of professional staff from local self-governments. The situation is further complicated by the fact that the demographic situation in the local governments (as well as in the whole country) has significantly deteriorated. If we do not confront the created situation with a sound and effective demographic policy, then the situation will become even more complicated in the near future, which may lead to a national catastrophe. The situation created in the world and in the region is very unusual, hence the socio-economic policy developed by the local self-governments is also unusual and should be calculated on external and internal risks. Article in Georgian.

The article discusses the changes that have taken place in the process of globalization and public life in the post-pandemic period. It is emphasized that there is not the end of globalization, but the transformation of the globalization process, the slowing down of the globalization process instead of hyper-globalization and the formation of new political, military and regional ties and alliances under its roof: the process of aggressive globalization is replaced by the open protectionism of countries, the formation of financial and economic blocs and the corresponding With an industrial policy based on a regional principle and a certain ideological concept, narrative, value system and segmental or systemic convergence of economic interests. This was caused by such processes and events of global importance, such as the Covid pandemic, the growing US-China competition and the Russia-Ukraine war. In the mentioned conditions, the national states are not gradually regaining their political positions, but they are moving to a "strategic attack" in terms of exercising their rights, capabilities and influence and control over the members of the society. At the same time, the role and importance of transnational corporations is growing significantly. All this leads to an increase in the contradiction between, on the one hand, the practical realization of the spheres of personal freedom and sovereignty, and, on the other hand, the strengthening of the role of the state and transnational corporations. The activation of the state and its growing role in redistributing the national product also has a negative effect: the growing role of the state not only restricts the market, but also seriously damages competition as a development factor. - Guaranteed orders, provision of keys to products produced on the basis of state funds, etc., puts certain privileged businesses and others in a priori unequal conditions, strengthens the feeling of injustice in society and has a negative effect on ensuring social stability and sustainable development. Under the conditions of using modern technologies, on the one hand, the speed of movement of resources from one corner of the earth to another will increase, and on the other hand, the role of local resources in achieving the final results of production will increase, which is expressed in the transition from absolute globalization of production to relative localization. The pandemic gave a powerful impetus to such innovations, technological innovations as Internet-trade, delivery of goods by order, delivery of goods by parcels; Drones are increasingly being used to deliver goods to their destination, robotics and artificial intelligence are being used in virtually every field of activity. This leads to significant changes not only in the structure of jobs and employment. - At this time, along with the increase in the profits of companies and their shareholders, a considerable part of the working people remains unemployed, they become impoverished. The scale of social elevators, their speed and "carrying capacity" are decreasing. Consequently, the threat of property polarization and growing opposition between different layers of society becomes real. Rising inequality can lead to a "crisis of the means of existence". This, in turn, will lead to an increase in the number of IDPs. Forced migration may become one of the most serious global challenges in the next decade, which will act as a provoking factor for geopolitical conflicts and social tensions within countries, and will be a direct reputational and economic blow to globalization processes. It can already be safely said that the period needed to fully overcome its negative consequences will be longer than the duration of the Covid-pandemic period. Article in Georgian.

This study explores the complementary capabilities in PSS development by MedTech firms and how it drives interorganizational relations. The findings indicate three categories of complementary capabilities: health-related, data-driven, and social capital capabilities. They are attracted with formal contracts and additional benefits, remote support, and exploration of partners’ networks.

The 2016 Quality Payment Program (QPP) is a Medicare reimbursement reform designed to incentivize value-based care over volume-based care. A core tenet of the QPP is integrated utilization of certified electronic health record technology (CEHRT). Adopting and implementing CEHRT is a resource-intensive process, requiring both financial capital and human capital (in the form of knowledge and time). Adoption can be especially challenging for small or rural practices that may not have access to such capital. In this issue brief, we discuss the role of CEHRT in the QPP and offer policy recommendations to help small and rural practices improve their health information technology (IT) capabilities with regards to participation in value-based care. The QPP requires practices to have health IT capabilities, both as a requirement for a complete performance score and to facilitate reporting. Practices that are unable to implement CEHRT will have difficulty complying with the new reimbursement system, and will likely incur financial losses. We recommend monetary support and staff training to small and rural practices for the adoption of CEHRT, and we recommend assistance to help practices comply with the requirements of the QPP and coordinate with other small and rural practices for reporting purposes.

The purpose of this concept note is to serve as a background document for an internal discussion of the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) about a new approach to address social problems by combining the experience and capabilities of the Bank's public and private sector windows. This document calls for the creation of the Social Innovation Fund (SIF) as an IDB country-specific program that would leverage public and private funds for the purpose of scaling up high-impact social innovation by combining citizens' ideas, governments' enabling mechanisms, and the private sector's flexibility, drive, and capital for innovation.

Transportation is an inherently crucial factor in supporting economic activities as well as providing opportunities for economic development. As such, the provision of transport infrastructures is a common priority in capital investment, particularly in Latin America and the Caribbean where infrastructural capabilities are often lacking. The purpose of this report is to underline the key dimensions behind the benefits of logistics investments. It particularly focuses on port / hinterland supply chains in which the setting of logistics zones, transport and logistics corridors and inland ports provide a salient example of the multiplying effects of transport infrastructure and freight logistics investments.

The Army Installations of the Future Industry Day was held on 23 May 2019 at the Renaissance Capital View hotel in Arlington, VA to identify the availability and maturity of specific commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) “smart installation” capabilities, technologies, and products; and to seek interest from industry in exploring potential approaches, requirements, standards, and/or specifications for pilot demonstrations at Army installations focused on 10 use-case technology areas. The Industry Day event included approximately 336 participants comprised of Academia (5), Industry (226), and Government (105). This report presents “road maps” that outline the Army’s desired outcomes for the target technology areas and potential pilot technology demonstrations.

This project is a study to provide operators with research on satellite remote sensing systems and how they may address specified pipeline threats. The output is recommendations on satellite monitoring programs that can address those threats and the extent to which they are cost effective. The benefits include a common terminology/understanding of the threats that concern operators and how satellite technologies can help to improve the monitoring, response, and potential mitigation of those threats. This project includes the satellite remote sensing applications for 3rd party damage threats, hazards, and leak detection. The current and near-launch satellite capabilities are mapped against the various potential threats, and operators are provided with a guide on which satellite systems provide the best value against specific threats. The project studies the value of recent 'free and open' missions, the traditional commercial missions, and the emergence of several venture capital funded SmallSat missions that are proving to be disruptive to the benefit of the industry. Modeling and simulation of scenarios on a selected pipeline system highlight gaps in satellite technology capabilities (sensor or monitoring coverage) to provide operators with a clear understanding of the limitations of the current missions and where other technologies may provide a better solution. A review of current suppliers is also presented. In addition to the RFP Scope of Work, the primary input into developing the satellite approaches is a series of interviews with operators, and research from previous studies in this area.

This study is a first contribution to prioritization across productivity determinant capabilities that attempts to obtain the equivalent of a "shadow price" for each of these capabilities by estimating their impact on the success a country may have in reaching higher income per capita groups. The prioritization of these determinants-spanning different sectors-seems to be specific to the income per capita group to which a country belongs. Moreover, empirical estimates reveal that interactions among sectors matter for increasing the probability of climbing up the income-per-capita ladder, reflecting the existence of complementarities across sectors, thus indicating that the joint improvement of some of them may be necessary before effects are noticeable. Results also indicate that the identification of priorities by looking at the impact that sectors have on increasing the likelihood of advancing to a better income per capita group may or may not coincide with the size of sector gaps typically used for the determination of priorities, as larger gaps do not necessarily capture the relevance of sectoral restrictions and their interactions.

This report critically examines, for the first time, the capacity of Canada’s water sector with respect to meeting and helping other countries meet the water-related targets of the UN’s global sustainable development agenda. Several components of this capacity are examined, including water education and research, investment in water projects that Canada makes internally and externally, and experiences in water technology and governance. Analysis of the water education system suggests that there is a broad capability in institutions of higher learning in Canada to offer training in the diverse subject areas important in water. In most cases, however, this has not led to the establishment of specific water study programmes. Only a few universities provide integrated water education. There is a need for a comprehensive listing of water-related educational activities in universities and colleges — a useful resource for potential students and employers. A review of recent Canadian water research directions and highlights reveals strong and diverse water research capacity and placed the country among global leaders in this field. Canada appears to be within the top 10 countries in terms of water research productivity (publications) and research impact (citations). Research capacity has been traditionally strong in the restoration and protection of the lakes, prediction of changes in climate, water and cryosphere (areas where water is in solid forms such as ice and snow), prediction and management of floods and droughts. There is also a range of other strong water research directions. Canada is not among the top 10 global water aid donors in absolute dollar numbers; the forerunners are, as a rule, the countries with higher GDP per capita. Canadian investments in Africa water development were consistently higher over the years than investments in other regions of the global South. The contributions dropped significantly in recent years overall, also with a decline in aid flow to Africa. Given government support for the right business model and access to resources, there is significant capacity within the Canadian water sector to deliver water technology projects with effective sustainable outcomes for the developing world. The report recommends several potential avenues to elevate Canada’s role on the global water stage, i.e. innovative, diverse and specific approaches such as developing a national inventory of available water professional capacity, and ranking Universities on the strength of their water programmes coordinating national contributions to global sustainability processes around the largest ever university-led water research programme in the world – the 7-year Global Water Futures program targeting specific developmental or regional challenges through overseas development aid to achieve quick wins that may require only modest investments resolving such chronic internal water challenges as water supply and sanitation of First Nations, and illustrating how this can be achieved within a limited period with good will strengthening and expanding links with UN-Water and other UN organisations involved in global water policy work To improve water management at home, and to promote water Canadian competence abroad, the diverse efforts of the country’s water sector need better coordination. There is a significant role for government at all levels, but especially federally, in this process.

Banco de la República is celebrating its 100th anniversary in 2023. This is a very significant anniversary and one that provides an opportunity to highlight the contribution the Bank has made to the country’s development. Its track record as guarantor of monetary stability has established it as the one independent state institution that generates the greatest confidence among Colombians due to its transparency, management capabilities, and effective compliance with the central banking and cultural responsibilities entrusted to it by the Constitution and the Law. On a date as important as this, the Board of Directors of Banco de la República (BDBR) pays tribute to the generations of governors and officers whose commitment and dedication have contributed to the growth of this institution.1 Banco de la República’s mandate was confirmed in the National Constitutional Assembly of 1991 where the citizens had the opportunity to elect the seventy people who would have the task of drafting a new constitution. The leaders of the three political movements with the most votes were elected as chairs to the Assembly, and this tripartite presidency reflected the plurality and the need for consensus among the different political groups to move the reform forward. Among the issues considered, the National Constitutional Assembly gave special importance to monetary stability. That is why they decided to include central banking and to provide Banco de la República with the necessary autonomy to use the instruments for which they are responsible without interference from other authorities. The constituent members understood that ensuring price stability is a state duty and that the entity responsible for this task must be enshrined in the Constitution and have the technical capability and institutional autonomy necessary to adopt the decisions they deem appropriate to achieve this fundamental objective in coordination with the general economic policy. In particular, Article 373 established that “the State, through Banco de la República, shall ensure the maintenance of the purchasing power of the currency,” a provision that coincided with the central banking system adopted by countries that have been successful in controlling inflation. In 1999, in Ruling 481, the Constitutional Court stated that “the duty to maintain the purchasing power of the currency applies to not only the monetary, credit, and exchange authority, i.e., the Board of Banco de la República, but also those who have responsibilities in the formulation and implementation of the general economic policy of the country” and that “the basic constitutional purpose of Banco de la República is the protection of a sound currency. However, this authority must take the other economic objectives of state intervention such as full employment into consideration in their decisions since these functions must be coordinated with the general economic policy.” The reforms to Banco de la República agreed upon in the Constitutional Assembly of 1991 and in Act 31/1992 can be summarized in the following aspects: i) the Bank was assigned a specific mandate: to maintain the purchasing power of the currency in coordination with the general economic policy; ii) the BDBR was designatedas the monetary, foreign exchange, and credit authority; iii) the Bank and its Board of Directors were granted a significant degree of independence from the government; iv) the Bank was prohibited from granting credit to the private sector except in the case of the financial sector; v) established that in order to grant credit to the government, the unanimous vote of its Board of Directors was required except in the case of open market transactions; vi) determined that the legislature may, in no case, order credit quotas in favor of the State or individuals; vii) Congress was appointed, on behalf of society, as the main addressee of the Bank’s reporting exercise; and viii) the responsibility for inspection, surveillance, and control over Banco de la República was delegated to the President of the Republic. The members of the National Constitutional Assembly clearly understood that the benefits of low and stable inflation extend to the whole of society and contribute mto the smooth functioning of the economic system. Among the most important of these is that low inflation promotes the efficient use of productive resources by allowing relative prices to better guide the allocation of resources since this promotes economic growth and increases the welfare of the population. Likewise, low inflation reduces uncertainty about the expected return on investment and future asset prices. This increases the confidence of economic agents, facilitates long-term financing, and stimulates investment. Since the low-income population is unable to protect itself from inflation by diversifying its assets, and a high proportion of its income is concentrated in the purchase of food and other basic goods that are generally the most affected by inflationary shocks, low inflation avoids arbitrary redistribution of income and wealth.2 Moreover, low inflation facilitates wage negotiations, creates a good labor climate, and reduces the volatility of employment levels. Finally, low inflation helps to make the tax system more transparent and equitable by avoiding the distortions that inflation introduces into the value of assets and income that make up the tax base. From the monetary authority’s point of view, one of the most relevant benefits of low inflation is the credibility that economic agents acquire in inflation targeting, which turns it into an effective nominal anchor on price levels. Upon receiving its mandate, and using its autonomy, Banco de la República began to announce specific annual inflation targets as of 1992. Although the proposed inflation targets were not met precisely during this first stage, a downward trend in inflation was achieved that took it from 32.4% in 1990 to 16.7% in 1998. At that time, the exchange rate was kept within a band. This limited the effectiveness of monetary policy, which simultaneously sought to meet an inflation target and an exchange rate target. The Asian crisis spread to emerging economies and significantly affected the Colombian economy. The exchange rate came under strong pressure to depreciate as access to foreign financing was cut off under conditions of a high foreign imbalance. This, together with the lack of exchange rate flexibility, prevented a countercyclical monetary policy and led to a 4.2% contraction in GDP that year. In this context of economic slowdown, annual inflation fell to 9.2% at the end of 1999, thus falling below the 15% target set for that year. This episode fully revealed how costly it could be, in terms of economic activity, to have inflation and exchange rate targets simultaneously. Towards the end of 1999, Banco de la República announced the adoption of a new monetary policy regime called the Inflation Targeting Plan. This regime, known internationally as ‘Inflation Targeting,’ has been gaining increasing acceptance in developed countries, having been adopted in 1991 by New Zealand, Canada, and England, among others, and has achieved significant advances in the management of inflation without incurring costs in terms of economic activity. In Latin America, Brazil and Chile also adopted it in 1999. In the case of Colombia, the last remaining requirement to be fulfilled in order to adopt said policy was exchange rate flexibility. This was realized around September 1999, when the BDBR decided to abandon the exchange-rate bands to allow the exchange rate to be freely determined in the market.Consistent with the constitutional mandate, the fundamental objective of this new policy approach was “the achievement of an inflation target that contributes to maintaining output growth around its potential.”3 This potential capacity was understood as the GDP growth that the economy can obtain if it fully utilizes its productive resources. To meet this objective, monetary policy must of necessity play a countercyclical role in the economy. This is because when economic activity is below its potential and there are idle resources, the monetary authority can reduce the interest rate in the absence of inflationary pressure to stimulate the economy and, when output exceeds its potential capacity, raise it. This policy principle, which is immersed in the models for guiding the monetary policy stance, makes the following two objectives fully compatible in the medium term: meeting the inflation target and achieving a level of economic activity that is consistent with its productive capacity. To achieve this purpose, the inflation targeting system uses the money market interest rate (at which the central bank supplies primary liquidity to commercial banks) as the primary policy instrument. This replaced the quantity of money as an intermediate monetary policy target that Banco de la República, like several other central banks, had used for a long time. In the case of Colombia, the objective of the new monetary policy approach implied, in practical terms, that the recovery of the economy after the 1999 contraction should be achieved while complying with the decreasing inflation targets established by the BDBR. The accomplishment of this purpose was remarkable. In the first half of the first decade of the 2000s, economic activity recovered significantly and reached a growth rate of 6.8% in 2006. Meanwhile, inflation gradually declined in line with inflation targets. That was how the inflation rate went from 9.2% in 1999 to 4.5% in 2006, thus meeting the inflation target established for that year while GDP reached its potential level. After this balance was achieved in 2006, inflation rebounded to 5.7% in 2007, above the 4.0% target for that year due to the fact that the 7.5% GDP growth exceeded the potential capacity of the economy.4 After proving the effectiveness of the inflation targeting system in its first years of operation, this policy regime continued to consolidate as the BDBR and the technical staff gained experience in its management and state-of-the-art economic models were incorporated to diagnose the present and future state of the economy and to assess the persistence of inflation deviations and expectations with respect to the inflation target. Beginning in 2010, the BDBR established the long-term 3.0% annual inflation target, which remains in effect today. Lower inflation has contributed to making the macroeconomic environment more stable, and this has favored sustained economic growth, financial stability, capital market development, and the functioning of payment systems. As a result, reductions in the inflationary risk premia and lower TES and credit interest rates were achieved. At the same time, the duration of public domestic debt increased significantly going from 2.27 years in December 2002 to 5.86 years in December 2022, and financial deepening, measured as the level of the portfolio as a percentage of GDP, went from around 20% in the mid-1990s to values above 45% in recent years in a healthy context for credit institutions.Having been granted autonomy by the Constitution to fulfill the mandate of preserving the purchasing power of the currency, the tangible achievements made by Banco de la República in managing inflation together with the significant benefits derived from the process of bringing inflation to its long-term target, make the BDBR’s current challenge to return inflation to the 3.0% target even more demanding and pressing. As is well known, starting in 2021, and especially in 2022, inflation in Colombia once again became a serious economic problem with high welfare costs. The inflationary phenomenon has not been exclusive to Colombia and many other developed and emerging countries have seen their inflation rates move away from the targets proposed by their central banks.5 The reasons for this phenomenon have been analyzed in recent Reports to Congress, and this new edition delves deeper into the subject with updated information. The solid institutional and technical base that supports the inflation targeting approach under which the monetary policy strategy operates gives the BDBR the necessary elements to face this difficult challenge with confidence. In this regard, the BDBR reiterated its commitment to the 3.0% inflation target in its November 25 communiqué and expects it to be reached by the end of 2024.6 Monetary policy will continue to focus on meeting this objective while ensuring the sustainability of economic activity, as mandated by the Constitution. Analyst surveys done in March showed a significant increase (from 32.3% in January to 48.5% in March) in the percentage of responses placing inflation expectations two years or more ahead in a range between 3.0% and 4.0%. This is a clear indication of the recovery of credibility in the medium-term inflation target and is consistent with the BDBR’s announcement made in November 2022. The moderation of the upward trend in inflation seen in January, and especially in February, will help to reinforce this revision of inflation expectations and will help to meet the proposed targets. After reaching 5.6% at the end of 2021, inflation maintained an upward trend throughout 2022 due to inflationary pressures from both external sources, associated with the aftermath of the pandemic and the consequences of the war in Ukraine, and domestic sources, resulting from: strengthening of local demand; price indexation processes stimulated by the increase in inflation expectations; the impact on food production caused by the mid-2021 strike; and the pass-through of depreciation to prices. The 10% increase in the minimum wage in 2021 and the 16% increase in 2022, both of which exceeded the actual inflation and the increase in productivity, accentuated the indexation processes by establishing a high nominal adjustment benchmark. Thus, total inflation went to 13.1% by the end of 2022. The annual change in food prices, which went from 17.2% to 27.8% between those two years, was the most influential factor in the surge in the Consumer Price Index (CPI). Another segment that contributed significantly to price increases was regulated products, which saw the annual change go from 7.1% in December 2021 to 11.8% by the end of 2022. The measure of core inflation excluding food and regulated items, in turn, went from 2.5% to 9.5% between the end of 2021 and the end of 2022. The substantial increase in core inflation shows that inflationary pressure has spread to most of the items in the household basket, which is characteristic of inflationary processes with generalized price indexation as is the case in Colombia. Monetary policy began to react early to this inflationary pressure. Thus, starting with its September 2021 session, the BDBR began a progressive change in the monetary policy stance moving away from the historical low of a 1.75% policy rate that had intended to stimulate the recovery of the economy. This adjustment process continued without interruption throughout 2022 and into the beginning of 2023 when the monetary policy rate reached 12.75% last January, thus accumulating an increase of 11 percentage points (pp). The public and the markets have been surprised that inflation continued to rise despite significant interest rate increases. However, as the BDBR has explained in its various communiqués, monetary policy works with a lag. Just as in 2022 economic activity recovered to a level above the pre-pandemic level, driven, along with other factors, by the monetary stimulus granted during the pandemic period and subsequent months, so too the effects of the current restrictive monetary policy will gradually take effect. This will allow us to expect the inflation rate to converge to 3.0% by the end of 2024 as is the BDBR’s purpose.Inflation results for January and February of this year showed declining marginal increases (13 bp and 3 bp respectively) compared to the change seen in December (59 bp). This suggests that a turning point in the inflation trend is approaching. In other Latin American countries such as Chile, Brazil, Perú, and Mexico, inflation has peaked and has begun to decline slowly, albeit with some ups and downs. It is to be expected that a similar process will take place in Colombia in the coming months. The expected decline in inflation in 2023 will be due, along with other factors, to lower cost pressure from abroad as a result of the gradual normalization of supply chains, the overcoming of supply shocks caused by the weather, and road blockades in previous years. This will be reflected in lower adjustments in food prices, as has already been seen in the first two months of the year and, of course, the lagged effect of monetary policy. The process of inflation convergence to the target will be gradual and will extend beyond 2023. This process will be facilitated if devaluation pressure is reversed. To this end, it is essential to continue consolidating fiscal sustainability and avoid messages on different public policy fronts that generate uncertainty and distrust. 1 This Report to Congress includes Box 1, which summarizes the trajectory of Banco de la República over the past 100 years. In addition, under the Bank’s auspices, several books that delve into various aspects of the history of this institution have been published in recent years. See, for example: Historia del Banco de la República 1923-2015; Tres banqueros centrales; Junta Directiva del Banco de la República: grandes episodios en 30 años de historia; Banco de la República: 90 años de la banca central en Colombia. 2 This is why lower inflation has been reflected in a reduction of income inequality as measured by the Gini coefficient that went from 58.7 in 1998 to 51.3 in the year prior to the pandemic. 3 See Gómez Javier, Uribe José Darío, Vargas Hernando (2002). “The Implementation of Inflation Targeting in Colombia”. Borradores de Economía, No. 202, March, available at: https://repositorio.banrep.gov.co/handle/20.500.12134/5220 4 See López-Enciso Enrique A.; Vargas-Herrera Hernando and Rodríguez-Niño Norberto (2016). “The inflation targeting strategy in Colombia. An historical view.” Borradores de Economía, No. 952. https://repositorio.banrep.gov.co/handle/20.500.12134/6263 5 According to the IMF, the percentage change in consumer prices between 2021 and 2022 went from 3.1% to 7.3% for advanced economies, and from 5.9% to 9.9% for emerging market and developing economies. 6 https://www.banrep.gov.co/es/noticias/junta-directiva-banco-republica-reitera-meta-inflacion-3