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Journal articles on the topic 'Capital-intensive technologies'
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1
Swanson, Dan. "ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY OF TWO TECHNOLOGIES FOR PRODUCTION OF A MYCOPESTICIDE IN MADAGASCAR." Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 129, S171 (1997): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/entm129171101-1.
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AbstractThe net present value (NPV) approach to capital budgeting is used to determine the relative economic feasibility of two production models capable of manufacturing a fungi-based biopesticide in Madagascar. Sales revenues are projected at $10–12 per hectare for 20 000–80 000 ha annually, with recurrent costs estimated in Madagascar and investment costs from IITA (Cotonou, Benin) and Mycotech Corporation (Butte, Montana). These cash flows are discounted by an appropriate interest rate and risk factor, with positive results for both the labour-intensive model and the capital-intensive model under several scenarios. Cost advantages for the two models depend on both technology and scale. The labour-intensive model achieves a higher NPV in a market of 20 000 ha per annum as compared with the capital-intensive model. The capital-intensive model achieves a higher NPV in a market of 80 000 ha (including exports to southern Africa). Both models benefit from scale economies, although this benefit is relatively greater for the capital-intensive model. Consumers of mycopesticides in Madagascar could realize nearly 20% savings under a higher output scenario with a capital-intensive technology, than under a lower output scenario with a labour-intensive technology. Large-scale producers, however, would require nearly four times as much investment capital, and could find it difficult to produce for export from Madagascar. In the absence of a large-scale producer, small-scale production would be appropriate and feasible based on lower investment costs. Malagasy production is also protected from foreign competition because of current phytosanitary regulations.
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Pietola, Kyosti, and Anna-Maija Heikkila. "Switching toward capital-intensive technologies in Finnish dairy farms." Agricultural Economics 33, s3 (2005): 381–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-0864.2005.00078.x.
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Haque, Israrul. "The Significant Variables of Full Employment and their Explanatory Values." Pakistan Development Review 33, no. 4II (1994): 1345–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v33i4iipp.1345-1356.
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Technology in the nineteenth century was designed according to the prevailing resource endowment and was labour intensive as industrialised countries in the 19th century invented their own technology as their resource endowment demanded -capital had to be found from personal savings of the investors-which acted as a check on development of technologies making high demand on capital. In such an economic environment there was a direct and positive linkage between output and employment. Employment being thus a linear function of output, the employment optimisation path coincided with the output optimisation path. Not so now. The latecomers in the industrial field in the twentieth century have to select from the available capital-intensive technologies designed for a labour saving mode of production. A conflict between output and employment thus arose because of (1) the labour-intensive technologies higher capital input and higher price per unit of output arising out of the limited scale of production, as against the capital-intensive technologies, lower capital input and lower price per unit of output arising out of larger scale of economy. The resulting trade-off between output and employment involves a more complex question of the weightage to be given to current as against future output compared with the weightage to be given to current as against future employment. Optimum welfare would therefore result from maximising current output and employment by maximising the present value of the entire streams of output and employment over time.
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Zhao, Dandan, and Hong Zhou. "Livelihoods, Technological Constraints, and Low-Carbon Agricultural Technology Preferences of Farmers: Analytical Frameworks of Technology Adoption and Farmer Livelihoods." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 24 (2021): 13364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413364.
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In the context of achieving carbon neutrality, it is scientifically important to quantitatively explore the relationships among livelihoods, technological property constraints, and the selection of low-carbon technologies by farmers to promote agricultural modernization and carbon neutrality in the agricultural sector of China. Based on the scientific classifications of farmer capital and low-carbon agricultural technologies, a farmer technology selection theory model considering capital constraints was developed in this study. Microcosmic survey data were collected from farmers in the Jiangsu province for empirical testing and analyses. A total of four low-carbon technologies related to fertilizer usage and three types of farmers’ livelihoods and their relationships were examined by using a logistic model. The results showed the existence of a significant coupling relationship between the intrinsic decision mechanism involved in selecting low-carbon agricultural technology and the properties of low-carbon agricultural technology for different types of farmers. Significant differences exist in the selection of different low-carbon technologies among large-scale farmers, mid-level part-time farmers, and low-level (generally small) part-time farmers. (1) When selecting technology, large-scale farmers are more inclined to accept capital-intensive, low-carbon technologies, such as new varieties, straw recycling, soil testing, and formulated fertilization. Mid-level part-time farmers are more inclined to accept capital intensive, labor saving, or low risk low-carbon agricultural technologies. In contrast, low-level part-time farmers are inclined to accept labor intensive technologies to reduce capital constraints and agricultural risks. (2) Large-scale farmers and low-level part-time farmers are influenced by household and plot characteristics, while mid-level part-time farmers are more influenced by plot characteristics. (3) Households with capital constraints created by differentiated livelihoods face challenges adopting capital-intensive low-carbon agricultural technologies, such as straw recycling, new varieties, soil testing, and formulated fertilization. However, farmers with stronger constraints in the areas of land and labor are more inclined to accept labor-saving technologies, such as soil testing and formulated fertilization technology. Moreover, farmers with stronger risk preferences tend to accept high-risk technologies, such as new technologies like straw recycling. The results of this study can provide a scientific basis for formulating carbon emission reduction policies and low-carbon technology policies for the agricultural sector.
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Kortelainen, Helena, Jyri Hanski, and Pasi Valkokari. "Advanced technologies for effective asset management - two cases in capital intensive branches." IFAC-PapersOnLine 53, no. 3 (2020): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2020.11.002.
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ENGEL, STEFANIE, and RAMÓN LÓPEZ. "Exploiting common resources with capital-intensive technologies: the role of external forces." Environment and Development Economics 13, no. 5 (2008): 565–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x08004725.
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ABSTRACTThis paper focuses on the interactions between local communities having at least some degree of informal claims over natural resources and firms interested in commercially exploiting such resources, explicitly allowing for interventions by third parties interested in community welfare and environmental outcomes. Integrating conflict and bargaining theories, we develop a bargaining model with endogenous inside and outside options, in which the feasibility and outcomes of a potential bargaining game depend on the unraveling of a conflict stage and vice versa. The model implies that, contrary to the conventional bargaining model, distribution and efficiency cease to be separable. We show that certain third-party interventions in the bargaining process may have unexpected and counterproductive effects.
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Kang, Meiling, Yucheng Li, Zhongkuang Zhao, Minjuan Zheng, and Han Wu. "Does Human Capital Homogeneously Improve the Corporate Innovation: Evidence from China’s Higher Education Expansion in the Late 1990s." Sustainability 14, no. 19 (2022): 12352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141912352.
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The effect of human capital on corporate innovation varies with the distribution of human capital intensity among industries. To analyze this heterogenous effect, we utilized the variation of college enrollment expansion across different regions in China as an exogenous human capital shock. Using a sample of Chinese industrial enterprises from 1998 to 2008 and the difference-in-difference strategy, we found that industries with intensive human capital significantly increase the number of patent applications after the expansion policy. The effect is pronounced in invention patents and significantly positive in exporting and capital-intensive corporates. As for the channels, corporates in these industries are apt to adopt new technologies and increase R&D expenditures. Moreover, the agglomeration of new graduates accelerates knowledge spillover, thus promoting innovation in knowledge-intensive industries. In sum, this paper verifies the importance of policy intervention on skilled labor supply towards corporate innovation and supports the talent introduction plan of local government in China.
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Domashenko, Svitlana, Svitlana Hres-Yevreinova, Yurii Zadoia, Dmytro Starostenko, and Serhii Salin. "Blockchain and fintech technologies in the digital space of financial and industrial companies." Sustainable Engineering and Innovation 5, no. 2 (2023): 281–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.37868/sei.v5i2.id232.
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The relevance of the article lies in examining the functional relationship between blockchain and fintech technologies in the innovative digital space of financial and industrial companies. The research aims to investigate the directions for the development of large integrated systems of financial and industrial capital, based on the principles of intensive production. The research methodology included the following methods: analytical (literature review, quantitative analysis), methods of comparison, generalization, and systematization. In particular, quantitative analysis was applied to calculate the index of digital cyber protection, which serves as an indicator and summarizes the safe properties of information resources in the digital space of banking institutions and their ability to prevent cyber-attacks on the financial and industrial capital of subjects in united spheres of economic activity. The results of the research have shown that the optimal criteria for the index of digital cyber protection are financially linked to industrial capital. The article substantiates the macroprudential policy of Ukraine’s banking sector based on blockchain regulators and fintech technologies from the EU, which foster the intensive development of technological competitiveness among financial institutions. The article can be useful for financial and industrial executives, banking institutions, consulting firms, and educators seeking insights into the integration of blockchain and fintech technologies.
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Barroco, Jose, and Peerapat Vithayasrichareon. "Accelerating the Energy Transition through Power Purchase Agreement Design: A Philippines Off-Grid Case Study." Energies 16, no. 18 (2023): 6645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16186645.
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As renewable energy (RE) costs decrease, private non-subsidized revenue sources, such as power purchase agreements (PPA), will increase in off-grid areas. This paper’s objective is to improve policymakers’ and utilities’ understanding of PPA’s role in mitigating private investors’ risks in off-grid areas to accelerate the energy transition. The paper built a PPA dataset for the largest off-grid area in the Philippines and developed novel and efficient techniques to evaluate the risk mitigation ability of a PPA. While oil-based technologies are expensive, they are low-capital-intensive, and the fuel, the bulk of the cost, is passed through to consumers and primarily funded by subsidies. In contrast, the most affordable energy source, RE, requires higher upfront capital investments, financed primarily with equity. Investors chose low-capital-intensive technologies (oil), rehabilitated power plants, and utilized old equipment, all investment decisions to mitigate residual PPA risks, i.e., distribution utilities’ low creditworthiness and capital recovery uncertainty. Presenting the investment as a PPA residual mitigation tool is one of the paper’s contributions to the literature. The distribution utility needs to reduce investors’ uncertainty by covering reasonable investors’ costs. Policymakers need to level the playing field between fossil fuels and RE by reducing subsidies and strengthening distribution utility creditworthiness.
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Afontsev, S. "World Economy: A Quest for the New Growth Model." World Economy and International Relations, no. 2 (2014): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2014-2-3-12.
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As a consequence of the global crisis, a major shift to the new growth model is under way in the world economy. The article analyses principal changes in the role of resources, technologies, institutions, and economic policies in shaping new growth patterns in developed as well as developing markets. With human capital and capital intensive technologies replacing cheap labor and natural resources as principal sources of comparative advantage, global economy is likely to be rebalanced in favor of richer countries. The resulting adjustment calls for more flexible regulatory rules and social institutions, while growth-friendly economic policies at subnational level are expected to complement (and sometimes substitute for) more traditional national policies.
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Barlow, Colin, and Corrine Condie. "Changing Economic Relationships in Southeast Asian Agriculture, and their Implications for Small Farmers." Outlook on Agriculture 15, no. 4 (1986): 167–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072708601500402.
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The last 25 years have seen radical changes in agriculture in Southeast Asia. The traditional labour-intensive subsistence farming on small holdings has been increasingly replaced by new technologies involving capital inputs, such as fertilizers, agrochemicals, and machinery. This article reviews these developments and their economic, political, and social implications.
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Horii, Ryo, Ryoji Ohdoi, and Kazuhiro Yamamoto. "FINANCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE, TECHNOLOGICAL SHIFT, AND INEQUALITY IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT." Macroeconomic Dynamics 17, no. 3 (2012): 531–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100511000356.
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This paper presents an overlapping generations model with technology choice and imperfect financial markets, and examines the evolution of the income distribution in economic development. The model shows that improvements in financial infrastructure facilitate economic development both by raising the aggregate capital–labor ratio and by causing a technological shift to more capital-intensive technologies. Although a higher capital–labor ratio under a given technology reduces inequality, a technological shift can lead to a concentration of economic rents among a smaller number of agents. We derive the condition under which an improvement in financial infrastructure actually decreases the average utility of agents.
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Gregory, N. G. "Intensive Farming of Animals in 2020." Outlook on Agriculture 29, no. 1 (2000): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000000101293004.
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Several factors will be important in determining the future of the intensive livestock industry. One is the way in which world population changes. Today, there are about 5.9 billion people in the world, 800 million of whom are hungry. In the future, the world population is expected to stabilize somewhere between 8 and 11 billion. Food production will have to increase by at least 40%, and maybe as much as 80%, to meet this increase. The demand for meat from feedlot cattle and intensively reared pigs and poultry is likely to rise. A second influence is the way investments are made in new technologies. Today's investments will yield tomorrow's technologies, and we should be able to identify some imminent changes by examining present venture capital investment portfolios. Another factor is the attitude that the large corporate meat and livestock companies have towards their industry. These large companies control and own a large part of the industry, and their attitudes and business structure help to determine the behaviour of the rest of the industry. Their behaviour is being affected by public attitudes towards big business and modern technologies. This paper focuses on some of the up-and-coming technologies within the context of that social and business structure. The technologies and potential changes described in this paper are new animal feed technologies, growth hormone transgenics, livestock breeding, nutraceuticals, livestock pharmaceuticals, segregated early weaning, legislation on biotechnology, the structure of the intensive livestock industry, and public attitudes towards biotechnology and the intensive livestock industry.
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Kiuila, Olga, and Emilia Lewczuk. "Economic Dynamic Modelling of Climate Policy in Poland." Central European Economic Journal 8, no. 55 (2021): 246–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ceej-2021-0018.
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Abstract Poland is responsible for 9% of CO2 emission in the European Union (EU), making it the fifth biggest emitter in the region. The energy sector is dominated by electricity produced from coal (around 70%). The country currently uses massive subsidies to boost the coal sector. We propose a dynamic intertemporal hybrid general equilibrium model to simulate the economic effects of sector regulations and new policy targets within environmental taxation scenarios, by accounting for a complex set of linkages between the energy sector and other components of the economy. Our simulation results suggest that positive economic growth is possible with a realistic energy mix, but it will not offer considerable emission reduction, as required by the European Commission. In the short-time horizon, the best choice is renewable energy sources indicated by less capital-intensive technologies (such as biomass). In the long-time horizon, more capital-intensive technologies (such as wind turbines) will be a better choice for economic growth. Carbon tax plays a crucial role in optimal energy mix targets, since its elimination ceteris paribus implies negative economic growth.
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Hurtado, Diego. "Semi-periphery and capital-intensive advanced technologies: the construction of Argentina as a nuclear proliferation country." Journal of Science Communication 14, no. 02 (2015): A05. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/2.14020205.
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Throughout the second half of the twentieth century a varied collection of pressure mechanisms were deployed from nuclear technology exporting countries — mainly from the US — to obstruct the development of a group of semi-peripheral countries’ autonomous nuclear capabilities. Argentina was part of this group. This article focuses on how “fear” of nuclear proliferation was used by US foreign policy as one of the most effective political artifacts to construct and protect an oligopolistic nuclear market. Spread by the press and by some prestigious social science sectors from the US and some European countries, a persistent and dense discourse production was devoted over several decades to the bizarre practice of “calculating” the alleged hidden intentions of those semi-peripheral countries which aspired to dominate as many technologies of the nuclear fuel cycle as possible.
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López-Iturriaga, Félix J. "Capital markets, financial intermediaries and financing of new technologies: International evidence from industry data." Corporate Ownership and Control 8, no. 2 (2011): 407–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv8i2c4p1.
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Using a sample of 18 industries from 18 OECD countries, I perform an industry-level analysis of the influence of the country’s financial-system orientation, i.e., bank- or market-oriented, on R&D intensity. Using OLS, GMM, and VAR methods, my results show a positive relation between capital market development and the importance of the most R&D-intensive sectors. Nevertheless, there are some exceptions to this pattern, which may be related to the legal and institutional framework of each country.
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Sharp, Julie T., and C. Clare Hinrichs. "Farmer support for publicly funded sustainable agriculture research: The case of hoop structures for swine." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 16, no. 2 (2001): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300008973.
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AbstractEnvironmental and social concerns about the use of capital-intensive agricultural technologies have fueled questions about the process, impact, and future direction of the system that is largely responsible for developing these technologies; that is, publicly funded agricultural research at U.S. land-grant universities. Although social scientists have analyzed the public agricultural research system and farmers' attitudes towards various capital-intensive agricultural technologies, there has been less research on farmers' attitudes toward publicly funded research that focuses specifically on lowerinput agricultural technologies that contribute to sustainability goals. This research examines farmers' attitudes toward publicly funded research on one such low-input technology, deep-bedded hoop structures for swine production. With lower capital costs and purported environmental and management advantages, hoop structures have been promoted to and adopted by growing numbers of Midwest swine producers. The study hypotheses draw on published theories of the treadmill of technology, and of innovation adoption and diffusion. Using a 1997 mail survey of Iowa swine producers (n = 298), we examined factors associated with producers' attitudes toward publicly funded research on hoop structures and found that 40% were supportive of the research, 40% were opposed, and 20% were undecided. Of the variables examined, the producer's assessment of hoop structures' contribution to sustainability, number of external knowledge sources about hoop structures, and formal education were each significantly related to support for publicly funded hoop-structure research. Two farm structure variables, marketings and percentage of income from farming, were not significantly related in this study. Future research on farmers' attitudes toward public sector agricultural research should take account of farmers' views of potential impacts of the specific technologies being researched and developed, and the nature of farmers' ties to the land-grant university system. This study clarifies the importance of farmers' perceptions and concerns about specific agricultural technologies in directing public agricultural research planning and policy toward broader sustainability goals.
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Yurenkov, Denis V. "FORMATION OF AN INNOVATION CLUSTER BASED ON INDUSTRIAL INTERNET OF THINGS TECHNOLOGIES." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 12/12, no. 141 (2023): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2023.12.12.016.
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The era of digitalization has necessitated a comprehensive transition of all spheres of economic activity to a digital format. First of all, it affected the most capital-intensive sectors of the economy, the most effective in terms of the introduction of innovative technologies. Due to the intangible nature of the added value from digitalization, it can be argued that this will affect existing traditional services, providing them with a qualitatively new level. The Internet of Things is one of such spheres of activity developing on the basis of a regional ecosystem or an industrial cluster [1].
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Freedman, David. "Market-driven considerations affecting the prospects of alternative road fuels." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 372, no. 2006 (2014): 20120326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2012.0326.
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Without significant intervention, demand for crude oil could rise by a further 25% by 2035, stemming from its use for transportation, particularly road transport. Many technologies for alternative fuels and substitute transport energy carriers are being researched, but successful implementation of these technologies at scale will require attention to consumer-behavioural and policy challenges as well as adapting existing or introducing new commercial value chains. In particular, there will be new capital-intensive roles for which there are no obvious contenders as yet. The legacy of diverse urban planning and fuel taxation policies and varying degrees of consumer inertia will lead to different rates of adoption of different alternative technologies in regional markets. In the absence of technology that provides a compelling consumer proposition, substitution of crude demand in mature markets will be challenging, as will be channelling exponential growth from growing markets like China into less crude-intensive road transport solutions.
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Shi, Junli, and Tingdong Wang. "The Siphon Effect of Consumption End on Production End in the Value Chain under the Data Factor Flow: Evidence from the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Region." Sustainability 14, no. 21 (2022): 13726. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142113726.
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The data factor strengthens the power of the consumption end, and its high liquidity alters the relationship between the consumption end of the value chain (CEVC) and the production end of the value chain (PEVC). In this paper, we used an interaction term model to empirically analyze the role of the data factor flow in the impact of the CEVC on the PEVC at the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) functional integration stage. The results indicate that the data factor flow facilitates the effect of CEVC on PEVC, which brings about the siphon effect (SE). We conducted heterogeneity tests at the national and industrial levels, which revealed the following: (1) The SEs of data capital flow in larger economies and data researcher flow in smaller economies are significant. (2) In most instances, technology-intensive industries suppress the SE because they control the flow of core technologies. (3) Due to the integration and penetration of the data factor with conventional factors, the SE is most prevalent in capital-intensive industries. (4) In labor-intensive industries, the SE is not evident and is even suppressed due to capital substitution for labor. This study provides policy recommendations that would help to reduce the RCEP region’s reliance on external demand and foster regional sustainable development.
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'Ula, Mahfudlotul, and Nunung Kusnadi. "ANALISIS USAHA BUDIDAYA TAMBAK BANDENG PADA TEKNOLOGI TRADISIONAL DAN SEMI_INTENSIF DI KABUPATEN KARAWANG." Forum Agribisnis 7, no. 1 (2017): 49–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/fagb.7.1.49-66.
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The low productivity of milkfish produced by traditional technology encourage the development of new farming technologies to increase productivity. Semi-intensive technology has evolved since the 2000s. However, this technology increases the cost of production because of the additional input of artificial feed. One of the regencies which produce milkfish using both traditional and semi-intensive technology is Karawang Regency. The objective of this research were to analyze profit and cost efficiency in traditional and semi-intensive techonology. The method of data collection conducted purposive as many as 30 milkfish farmers with traditional technology and 33 milkfish farmers with semi-intensive technology. The results show that semi-intensive technology provides a higher level of productivity and higher profitability. However, traditional technology was more efficient than semi-intensive technology. This condition causes the milkfish cultivation with traditional technology are still exist because it provides a higher return to capital.
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Borodako, Krzysztof, Jadwiga Berbeka, Michał Rudnicki, and Mariusz Łapczyński. "The contribution of Human Capital to the performance of Knowledge-Intensive Business Services." Annals of Management and Organization Research 1, no. 2 (2020): 141–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.35912/amor.v1i2.338.
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Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relation between human capital and the performance of the various types of knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS). Research Methodology: The analysis conducted on business services industry level took into account the role of education in knowledge transfer, a major factor enriching the KIBS industry. A conceptual framework based on cluster analysis (CA) and classification and regression trees (CART) was developed to analyse human capital, the main asset in the KIBS sector (according to the resource-based theory), and its relations with the performance of KIBS providers. Results: The results pointed to the significant differences between various types of knowledge-based services. Findings suggest that there could be applied additional approach to classifying the KIBS services into three clusters according to the business characteristics (including human capital). Our third cluster closely related to human capital (HC) and information and communication technologies (ICT) demonstrated the best business performance. The results confirmed that KIBS providers with high average remuneration and high wage growth dynamic noted over doubled performance indicator (measured as profit growth). In that group of KIBS providers were (a) Software and IT companies, (b) Temporary employment agency activities and (c) Other human resources provision. Limitations: Our analysis is based on statistical data gathered by a public entity covered 3125 firms aggregated into twenty service types, which limits the scope of the research questions. Contribution: This study contributes to the state of knowledge of the performance dynamics of the various business services. Keywords: Business Services (BS), Human Capital (HC), Performance, Knowledge, Education
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Masi, Margherita, Jorgelina Di Pasquale, Yari Vecchio, and Fabian Capitanio. "Precision Farming: Barriers of Variable Rate Technology Adoption in Italy." Land 12, no. 5 (2023): 1084. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12051084.
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Research dealing with the adoption of various precision agriculture technologies has shown that guidance and recording tools are more widespread than reactive ones (such as variable rate technology), with much lower utilization rates in European case studies. This study aims to analyze the propensity to innovate variable rate technologies among young Italian farmers. A cluster analysis was carried out revealing four groups. The first two groups represent non-adopters who think technological innovation is very complex from a technical point of view, as well as not very accessible as capital-intensive technology. The third and fourth groups represent adopters. The third reports an early level of adoption, still considering the cost of access a major barrier to technology implementation. The fourth, on the other hand, shows a more intensive level and considers the lack of institutional support a major limitation. The cluster with the most intensive adoption is characterized by the youngest age group, the farms with the largest size, and a prevalence of female entrepreneurs. The need for management training in day-to-day business operations upon adoption is detected for all groups. This paper identified relevant drivers and barriers in characterizing the adopting farm of variable rate technologies. Results may offer insights to the policy maker to better calibrate support interventions.
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Du, Jiaying. "Venture Capital Investment Decisions in Artificial Intelligence: Opportunities, Trends, and Challenges." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 143, no. 1 (2024): 161–66. https://doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/2024.ga18968.
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In the contemporary society, the rapid growth of the artificial intelligence industry presents significant opportunities for venture capital investment, driven by advancements in machine learning, robotics, neural networks, and generative AI. With a projected market size of $184 billion by 2024, demand for AI technologies is attracting growing investor attention. This paper explores key trends in AI venture capital, highlighting regional differences. U.S. investments emphasize growth in sectors like healthcare and autonomous vehicles, while Chinese investors focus on capital-intensive areas like mobility and robotics, prioritizing relationships and government alignment. Despite opportunities, AI investment faces challenges like information asymmetry, security risks, and a lack of deep tech expertise. Short venture capital funding cycles further complicate long-term returns for investing in the AI industry. The paper also outlines the venture capital decision-making process, underscoring the need for expertise, regional awareness, and strategic risk management to effectively navigate the complexities of AI investment.
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Ray, Tyler R. "(Invited) Revolutionizing Diagnostic Access: Emerging Advanced Manufacturing Technologies for Wearable Sensors." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-01, no. 33 (2024): 1597. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-01331597mtgabs.
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Persistent disparities exist in access to state-of-the-art healthcare disproportionately affecting underserved and vulnerable populations. Advances in wearable sensors enabled by additive manufacturing (AM) offer new opportunities to address such disparities and enhance equitable access advanced diagnostic technologies. Such technologies provide a pathway to rapidly prototype bespoke, multifunctional wearable sensors thereby circumventing traditional barriers in resource-limited environments, such as the necessity for specialized facilities, technical expertise, and capital-intensive processes. Here, we highlight several emerging areas of innovation that are revolutionizing the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of sensor development. In this context this talk will present our recent efforts concentrated on developing (A) enhanced methodologies for fabricating laser-induced graphene (LIG)-based sensors, (B) 3D-printing technologies for fabricating high-resolution flexible electronics, and (C) new modalities for wearable microfluidic sensing platforms.
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Fu, MuTaiLi, HaLi Ke, Ting-Ting Wu, and Gang Zhou. "Surveying Technology and Planning Design in Hydropower Engineering." Academic Frontiers Publishing Group 1, no. 1 (2024): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.62989/jetm.2024.1.1.6.
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Hydropower engineering, being a technology-intensive and capital-intensive infrastructure project, relies heavily on accurate surveying technology and meticulous planning and design to ensure success. This paper explores the fundamental concepts of surveying technology and its significance in hydropower projects, reviewing the historical development of surveying techniques. It focuses on the application of modern surveying technologies in hydropower engineering and their role in monitoring and providing feedback throughout the construction process. The paper also delves into the planning and design of hydropower projects, covering the main aspects of planning, the application of modern technologies in design, and the optimization and evaluation of planning efforts. Finally, the paper discusses the interrelationship between surveying and planning design, emphasizing the critical role of survey data in planning and the demands that planning design places on surveying technology. The importance of integrating surveying with planning design is also highlighted.
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Despotović, Danijela, Miloš Dimitrijević, and Marko Savićević. "Effects of sectoral structure of foreign direct investment on economic development: The case of European developing countries." Serbian Journal of Management 19, no. 1 (2024): 149–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/sjm19-41239.
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The inflow of foreign capital from multinational companies from all over the world, in the form of foreign direct investments (FDI), intensified economic dynamics and contributed to the improvement of macroeconomic performance. In certain economic sectors and activities, FDI has become the carrier of economic growth, encouraged by intensive processes of deindustrialization and reindustrialization. Namely, FDI can have both positive and negative impact on economic growth and development. This depends on the ability of the economic sectors to overcome the negative effects of FDI in a certain period of time, which can only be achieved if the sectors are exportoriented and introduce new technologies into their operations, thereby increasing productivity and competitiveness. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) panel regression showed this was not the case in the primary and secondary sectors in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and the Western Balkans (WBs), which are still predominantly labor-intensive and therefore have a negative impact on economic development. As opposed to the agricultural and industrial sectors, the services, under the influence of technological progress, is profiled as a capital-intensive sector with a statistically significant positive impact on economic growth and development.
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Koshanov, Amanjol, and Zaure Chulanova. "Some approaches to assessing the state of human capital (on the example of Kazakhstan)." Moscow University Economics Bulletin, no. 4 (August 31, 2021): 49–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.38050/01300105202163.
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The efficiency of economic development in the context of globalization and international integration is largely determined by the human capital accumulated and realized in the country. Modern science-intensive technologies require highly skilled specialists, engineers, and workers of technical professions. This becomes possible when using human capital of a new qualitative level, which makes it necessary to solve a number of methodological problems in terms of qualitative changes in the process of its formation. The aim of the study is to analyze the main approaches to the assessment of human capital and to develop proposals for its most objective assessment at various levels of manifestation — individual, micro- and macroeconomic. The article discusses the main methods for evaluating human capital: retrospective (based on the costs of its production) and perspective (based on income derived from the use of this capital). The proposed indicators of the qualitative state of human capital are aimed at its assessment from a new perspective, taking into consideration current global trends in the formation of innovative economy and digitalization.
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Koshanov, Amanjol, and Zaure Chulanova. "Some approaches to assessing the state of human capital (on the example of Kazakhstan)." Moscow University Economics Bulletin, no. 4 (August 31, 2021): 49–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.38050/01300105202143.
Full textAbstract:
The efficiency of economic development in the context of globalization and international integration is largely determined by the human capital accumulated and realized in the country. Modern science-intensive technologies require highly skilled specialists, engineers, and workers of technical professions. This becomes possible when using human capital of a new qualitative level, which makes it necessary to solve a number of methodological problems in terms of qualitative changes in the process of its formation. The aim of the study is to analyze the main approaches to the assessment of human capital and to develop proposals for its most objective assessment at various levels of manifestation — individual, micro- and macroeconomic. The article discusses the main methods for evaluating human capital: retrospective (based on the costs of its production) and perspective (based on income derived from the use of this capital). The proposed indicators of the qualitative state of human capital are aimed at its assessment from a new perspective, taking into consideration current global trends in the formation of innovative economy and digitalization.
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Hatzenbuehler, Patrick, and Luis Peña-Lévano. "Adoption Potential of Sustainability-Related Agriculture Technologies for Smallholder Farmers in the Global South." Sustainability 14, no. 20 (2022): 13176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142013176.
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This paper describes several sustainability-related agriculture technologies that are being used by farmers in the U.S. and Europe that could plausibly be adopted by smallholder farmers in the Global South. Their unifying attributes are that they do not require capital-intensive complementary technologies and can be used effectively by a single operator. We categorize the technologies related to “soil health and moisture” and “crop production and nutrient management”. After describing the technologies, we discuss several barriers to adoption and strategies to lessen these barriers. Lastly, we propose that there are several food and nutrition security implications of facilitating adoption of the technologies. The main takeaway message of our propositions is that adoption of the technologies would mainly affect food availability and stability, but have little direct impact on utilization. Thus, adoption-enhancing initiatives will need supplementation with other simultaneous ones that facilitate proper utilization (e.g., food safety, food preparation, and nutrition trainings) to achieved nutrition security goals.
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Choudhury, Farhana Jhuma, and Md Ashraful Haque. "Intensity of Khasi Production: Understanding the Challenges of Modern Agriculture System in Betel Leaf Cultivation." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 8, no. 5 (2021): 630–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.85.10255.
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The intensive agriculture system is prominent in the mainstream production technique of Bangladesh. The paper illustrates the contests of the traditional production system of Khasi about mainstream social and economic expectations of resource use. The specific Khasi adaptation process and the patterned dependency on available environmental resources can be observed in the traditional Khasi production practices. Meanwhile, the logic on the need for intensive production has been rising in the changing socio-economic resource maximization process towards sustainability. The impact of the mainstream trends of agriculture practices on a small-scale economy has been analyzed here with the changes in labor mobility, mechanism of labor control, production cost, and hierarchy issues of the traditional production system. The research findings reflect that modernity initiatives have changed the social and natural support system in production, and changes occur in the system through the market-induced priority of development. The production process is trending towards intensive cultivation. Whether a generalized community, i.e., dependent on multiple natural yielding, diversified forest resources, and social value-oriented cultivation system, can continue the traditional living in a staple food dominated mainstream agro-economy. The study shows that intensive production is growing in the traditional production field of Khasi with modern technologies. As the ongoing production process is found segmented and capital intensive, the research suggests the community-based production behavior to defend the vulnerability of the economic capital-poor Khasis of Bangladesh.
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Okhlopkov, V.E. "CRITERIA OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF THE REGIONAL STAFF TRAINING SYSTEM AS A SOCIAL INSTITUTION." Sociology of Power, no. 4 (June 5, 2003): 83–93. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13237031.
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The personnel training system as a social institution and one of the most important factors in the socialization of the individual is the object of close attention of representatives of various social sciences. One of the main problems of modernizing the personnel training system is the adequacy of theoretical approaches and the organizational and economic model of its management. Today, it is recognized that the personnel training system is gradually becoming one of the decisive resources for the formation of human capital in the country and its constituent regions. In particular, changes are taking place in the global economy associated, first of all, with an increase in the share of intellectual potential. Modern trends are such that cost is determined not so much by material resources as by knowledge, new technologies, and skills. Accordingly, along with traditional factors (land, labor, and capital), knowledge1 is acquiring great importance in modern economic processes. This circumstance is due to the growing importance of science-intensive technologies and the gradual formation of a single information space. Therefore, theories and views of researchers who consider the education system as production, with output, have become widespread abroad; the corresponding terminology has been developed; scientists raise the issue of investments in education, in human capital.
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Yanosek, Kassia. "Policies for Financing the Energy Transition." Daedalus 141, no. 2 (2012): 94–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00149.
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Historically, energy transitions have occurred gradually over the span of several decades, marked by incremental improvements in technologies. In recent years, public interest in accelerating the next energy transition has fueled a clean-energy policy agenda intended to underpin the development of a decarbonized energy economy. However, policies to date have encouraged investors to fund renewable energy projects utilizing proven technologies that are not competitive without the help of government subsidies. A true transition of the energy mix requires innovations that can compete with conventional energy over the long term. Investments in innovative technology projects are scarce because of the “commercialization gap,” which affects projects that are too capital-intensive for venture capital yet too risky for private equity, project, or corporate debt financing. Accelerating innovation through the commercialization gap will require governments to allocate public dollars to, and encourage private investment in, these riskier projects. Policy-makers will face a trade-off between prioritizing policies for accelerating the energy transition and accounting for the risks associated with innovation funding in a tight budgetary environment.
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Dong, Jinglin, and Jai S. Mah. "Technology Acquisition in China’s Automobile Industry: Focusing on the Local Producers." China Report 56, no. 3 (2020): 393–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009445520930397.
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China’s automobile industry has succeeded remarkably since the 1980s. The Chinese government welcomed foreign automobile companies to form joint ventures. The local automobile companies began to enter the market in the late 1990s. To compete with the foreign rivals, they needed to acquire advanced technologies. Meanwhile, technology transfer through foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows was not so successful. Some of the local automobile producers developed their technologies through FDI outflows. The large local automobile producers have paid much attention to their own research and development (R&D) activities. China has tried hard to build its human capital. Acquiring intellectual property rights from foreign manufacturers has been another way for the local producers to acquire advanced technologies. They have also tried to establish partnerships with the local technology groups. The ways in which the local automobile companies acquired advanced technologies may provide meaningful policy implications for the other technology-intensive industries and developing countries trying to develop the automobile industry.
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Sukharev, Oleg. "Development of Russia’s industry: Some regularities and prospects." Journal of New Economy 25, no. 1 (2024): 6–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.29141/2658-5081-2024-25-1-1.
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Industry is the substratum of material production and the economy as a whole. Numerous discussions about the need for new industrialisation make us turn again to the analysis of the state of industrial potential and results of industrial development in Russia. The study aims to explain the performance of the Russian industry in terms of the most relevant and aggregated indicators characterising its functioning, and to formulate its long-term development tasks. The methodological basis of the study is the theory of industrial development. Methods of planning and industrial analysis are used. The evidence is the data for 2012–2022 retrieved from the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation and the Unified Interdepartmental Statistical Information System. The research concludes about the ‘contracted’ development of the Russian industry. The growth rate of the gross value added is more significantly impacted by the dynamics of fixed capital rather than that of labour. Yet the labour contributed greatly to the creation of the new value, which indicates the predominance of labour-intensive technologies, or obsolete capital-intensive technologies. The study empirically confirms that some periods saw a ‘paradox of rapid industrialisation’, that is, a substantially lower rate of economic growth against a higher growth of industry and modernisation of its fixed assets. The general conclusion is that when conducting industrial policy, it is necessary to influence the state of the labour and capital factors in the manufacturing sectors. The industrialisation of the Russian economy needs to be oriented towards the technological substitution through the creation of new fixed assets; in addition, the losses of greatly reduced labour potential should be compensated. A promising avenue is the organisation of analytical planning for the state-owned industry and indicative planning for private industries along with the adoption of a law on the state sector.
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Lemekh, U. V. "Venture-based sociosystem of the agroindustrial complex of the Republic of Belarus: conception and perspective." Agrarian Economics, no. 7 (July 29, 2023): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1818-9806-2023-7-57-69.
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According to a number of influential consultants on business models and new technology economics, the market system of innovative projects and technology startups is not capable of producing or benefiting from disruptive technologies, generating significant efficiency, long-term growth or providing well-paying jobs for employees. Stimulation of this business model by the state leads to uncontrolled privatization of the benefits and preferences provided, and their detachment from positive change. Therefore, the state policy in the field of venture capital activity should solve the key question: how to combine the goals of Belarusian society related to the development of knowledge-intensive industries and new technologies in agribusiness with the goals of the entrepreneurs themselves, whose main incentive is the efficiency of investment.
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Rahimli, H. "Evaluation of the role of intellectual capital in innovative economic growth in the framework of knowledge economy." UKRAINIAN BLACK SEA REGION AGRARIAN SCIENCE 110, no. 2 (2021): 110–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31521/2313-092x/2021-2(110)-14.
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H. Rahimli. Evaluation of the role of intellectual capital in innovative economic growth in the framework of knowledge economy The COVID – 19 pandemic has had and continues to have a profound effect on all areas of our lives. One of the main areas affected by the pandemic is agriculture. The article emphasizes the need to apply science-intensive technologies and expand innovative activities to ensure sustainable development of agriculture in the current pandemic. The importance of new generation technologies in accelerating the innovative development of the agricultural sector is also studied. Positive results have been obtained on issues that need to be solved when organizing and developing an economy based on an innovation system in the agricultural sector in a pandemic. Keywords: agricultural sector, innovation, COVID-19 pandemic, entrepreneurship, digital transformation, economic activity.
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Musa, Mohammed Ali, and Syazwani Idrus. "Physical and Biological Treatment Technologies of Slaughterhouse Wastewater: A Review." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (2021): 4656. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13094656.
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Physical and biological treatment technology are considered a highly feasible and economic way to treat slaughterhouse wastewater. To achieve the desired effluent quality for disposal or reuse, various technological options were reviewed. However, most practical operations are accompanied by several advantages and disadvantages. Nevertheless, due to the presence of biodegradable organic matter in slaughterhouse waste, anaerobic digestion technology is commonly applied for economic gain. In this paper, the common technologies used for slaughterhouse wastewater treatment and their suitability were reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of the different processes were evaluated. Physical treatments (dissolved air floatation (DAF), coagulation–flocculation and sedimentation, electrocoagulation process and membrane technology) were found to be more effective but required a large space to operate and intensive capital investment. However, some biological treatments such as anaerobic, facultative lagoons, activated sludge process and trickling filters were also effective but required longer start-up periods. This review further explores the various strategies being used in the treatment of other wastewater for the production of valuable by-products through anaerobic digestion.
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Hasanli, Yadulla, Elkhan Richard Sadik-Zada, Simrah Ismayilova, Günay Rahimli, and Farida Ismayilova. "Could the Lacking Absorption Capacity of the Inflowing Capital Be the Real Cause of the Resource Curse?—A Case Study of Transition Economies." Sustainability 15, no. 14 (2023): 10837. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151410837.
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The present study proposes an alternative explanation for the negative natural-resource-growth nexus. Based on the theoretical analysis, the study shows that a balanced capital–labor ratio plays an essential role in the absorption of complex capital goods. It estimates the parameters of the constant elasticity of the substitution production function in Mathcad using nonlinear least squares, i.e., an approximate Marquardt method of optimization. The empirical analysis is based on the time-series data of these countries for the time interval between 2000 and 2020. We conducted analyses by calculating the elasticity of substitution between capital and labor. Specifically, for these countries, the elasticity of substitution of capital and labor appeared to be less than one, which indicates a lack of labor, or, more precisely, a qualified labor force. Each of these countries receives windfall profits from the exploitation of natural resources, which greatly influences the import of capital-intensive products of complex technologies—in other words, the import of capital. However, the lack of an adequate labor force that could utilize the increased capital led to a decrease in the elasticity of capital and labor substitution. A comparison of the optimal and the observed capital–labor ratio coefficient shows that this coefficient is significantly higher than optimal in all three countries. Therefore, while keeping the wage fund in balance with fixed capital costs, investments in the knowledge economy and human capital appear to be the preferred areas for the efficient allocation of oil revenues.
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Adepoju, Omoseni Oyindamola, Love Opeyemi David, and Nnamdi Ikechi Nwulu. "Analysing the Impact of Human Capital on Renewable Energy Penetration: A Bibliometric Reviews." Sustainability 14, no. 14 (2022): 8852. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14148852.
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In contributing to reducing the adverse effects of non-renewable energy sources, this paper researched how human capital can enhance the penetration level of renewable energy, which is highly abundant in Nigeria, Sub-Saharan Africa. This paper, using qualitative research methodology through Bibliometric analysis, reviewed three hundred and three (303) papers published between the year 2000 and March 2022. The bibliometric study covered publications per author, publications per country, research focus based on co-occurrence keywords, and research thread. The findings revealed that publications on how human capital can aid renewable energy penetration have been slow and in an infant stage in the past two decades. It also shows that there have been eighteen (18) papers on the subject papers in the last twenty years, showing the low level of human capital development in the energy sector. The intellectual patterns via the co-occurrence of keywords shows five (5) clusters, which are economics of renewable energy sources, human capital factors in environmental management, economic factors in energy supply and demand, sustainable energy factors, and human capital development and economy. These cluster areas revealed how human capital could be developed to increase the penetration level of the abundant renewable energy in the world. Thus, this paper recommends intensive efforts in optimizing human capital through inter-organizational collaboration on renewable energy technologies and periodic training.
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Yanti, Bayu Vita Indah, and Zahri Nasution. "KETEPATGUNAAN TEKNOLOGI BUDIDAYA UDANG SECARA INTENSIF DI TAMBAK." Jurnal Kebijakan Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan 4, no. 2 (2014): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jksekp.v4i2.607.
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Ketepatgunaan teknologi merupakan salah satu indikator bahwa teknologi yang diintroduksi dapatdimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat sesuai dengan kondisi yang ada pada masyarakat. Untuk megetahuiketepatgunaan teknologi yang diterima oleh pengguna, dapat digunakan 7 (tujuh) indikator ketepatgunaanteknologi yang dikembangkan dari sifat dan ciri teknologi diintroduksi. Penelitian ini menggunakanpendekatan analisis kebijakan. Teknologi yang dievaluasi adalah teknologi yang diperkenalkan olehKementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan (KKP) melalui Direktorat Jenderal Perikanan Budidaya (DJPB)pada demfarm budidaya udang di tambak secara intensif. Studi ini dilakukan sejak April hingga Juni2014, termasuk verifikasi lapang ke lokasi percontohan di wilayah Kabupaten Karawang, Jawa Barat.Analisis dan interpretasi data dilakukan secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teknologibudidaya udang secara intensif dapat dikatakan hanya tepat dikembangkan pada petambak yangmemiliki modal besar dan memiliki pengetahuan dan pengalaman dalam melaksanakan budidaya udang.Pengembangan budidaya udang secara intensif harus dilakukan melalui kerjasama antara petambakudang dan investor dan pemerintah melalui suatu pola yang disepakati secara bersama.Title: Efficiency Technology Intensive Shrimp Farming In PondTechnology efficiency is one indicator to show introduced technology can utilize by the communityproperly. To determine the efficiency of the technology acceptable to users, it can be viewed by 7 (seven)indicators that developed based on nature and characteristic of introduced technologies. This researchwas conducted using the approach of policy analysis.Evaluated technologies are technologies that wereintroduced by the Ministry of Marine and Fisheries Affairs (MMAF) through the Directorate General ofAquaculture (DJPB) in shrimp farming in ponds demfarm intensive. The study was conducted from Aprilto June 2014, including field verification to the pilot sites in Karawang Regency, West Java. Analysisand interpretation of the data was done descriptively. The results showed that intensive shrimp farmingtechnology only proper to develope on farmers who have big capital and have knowledge and experiencein implementing shrimp farming. Intensive shrimp aquaculture development should be done throughcooperation between shrimp farmers and investors and government through an agreed pattern.
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Basovskiy, Leonid. "Political Economy of Development of Modern Russia." Scientific Research and Development. Economics 13, no. 2 (2025): 4–9. https://doi.org/10.12737/2587-9111-2025-13-2-4-9.
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The paper is devoted to assessing trends in the distribution of income between labor and capital in modern Russia, the nature and prospects of these trends. The research was car-ried out using Rosstat data on the Russian economy and regional economic systems. The estimates were made based on the construction of linear econometric models obtained by regression analysis. The obtained results of the study indicate that in the distribution of Russia's GDP there was an increase in the share of capital and a decrease in the share of labor. This is due to the preservation of industrial development trends, despite the spread of post-industrial technological structures in the economy. In recent years, there has been a decrease in the impact of labor growth and capital growth on economic growth, a transition from extensive to intensive development, the basis of which is the growth of labor productivity due to the expanded use of human capital of highly quali-fied specialists - complex labor and new automated technologies - new capital. This pro-cess gives rise to contradictions observed in the labor market and manifested in a drop in unemployment, labor shortage and an increase in wages. The growth of wages is natural, since the use of new technologies, such as robotic systems, is economically feasible if the savings due to the costs of the released labor force are large enough. This determines the prospects for an increase in the share of labor in GDP. But to achieve this effect, ap-propriate institutional conditions are needed, which can be formed as a result of ade-quate economic policy.
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Shyu, Yih-Wen, and William Reinfeld. "Inotera Memories: Leader or Dreamer." Asian Case Research Journal 20, no. 01 (2016): 111–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021892751650005x.
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This case can be divided into two sections. The first section focuses on how Inotera Memories can effectively analyze capital expenditure and return on investment for long-term capital budgeting in a capital-intensive, highly volatile and competitive industry. The following section is to highlight the strategy shift of Inotera. The DRAM business environment is highly volatile, and continuously requires large amounts of capital to improve process technologies, reduce production costs and achieve economies of scale. The challenge is greater because Inotera Memories is a joint venture of two entities with very different backgrounds, cultures and objectives, but which are not necessarily incompatible. Fei Lin, an assistant vice president in Inotera, and Charles Kau, the president of Inotera, play the central roles in this case study. Fei has been instructed to prepare a report to the board of directors that presents an effective investment evaluation model to ensure the success of Inotera's business model and expansion project. On the other hand, Charles proposed the issue of strategy shift to determine how it has been implemented and whether it needs replacement by a new strategy to meet changed circumstances, new technology, and new market segments.
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Golub, A. A., and V. Yu Potashnikov. "Theoretical analysis of development traps: On the example of Russia." Journal of the New Economic Association 54, no. 2 (2022): 56–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31737/2221-2264-2022-54-2-3.
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Russia still has a large pool of high-quality human capital and, despite certain limitations, access to the advanced technologies needed for transition from a resource-based to a knowledge-based economy. Despite this potential, the gap between Russia and the developed countries was not narrowing for the last ten years. Russian economy falls into a development trap. The paper offers a theoretical analysis of the development trap. It provides solutions that may help to escape the development trap and close the income gap with the developed countries. The Ramsey model with a convex-concave production function is used for the paper. The convexity of the function is the cause of multiple equilibria. Country may move to a higher equilibrium, but under certain conditions a country cannot overcome the “gravity” of a lower equilibrium and remain in development trap. High investment risks, dependence on the export of fossil fuels and excessive investment in resource and energy-intensive industries led the Russian economy into a development trap. Convergence Russia with the most developed countries with high per capita incomes requires a profound diversification of the Russian economy grounded on a massive replacing natural resources and resource-intensive industries with the human capital.
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Cheng, Xiwu, and Gang Ji. "Analysis of the Impact of Digital Transformation on Non-Financial Performance of Manufacturing Enterprises." Proceedings of Business and Economic Studies 7, no. 4 (2024): 160–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/pbes.v7i4.8070.
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As one of the important pillars of China’s national economy, the development of the manufacturing industry has attracted much attention. The manufacturing industry has become a key development area due to its high technology content, capital-intensive, knowledge-intensive, and many more characteristics. With the rapid development of big data information technology, emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence have brought a lot of convenience to people’s lives, and manufacturing enterprises have also realized the importance of reform and innovation, and have begun to carry out digital transformation. Based on the study of the motivation of digital transformation of manufacturing enterprises, this paper explores the transformation path of manufacturing enterprises to meet the needs of social development, and deeply analyzes the impact of digital transformation of manufacturing enterprises on enterprise performance, with a view to improving the unbalanced industrial structure and lagging technological development at the present stage through digital transformation.
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Ayobola Olufolake, Charles, Anthony Onogiese Osobase, Wilson Friday Ohioze, Samuel Olayinka Musa, and Tope Joshua Ojo. "Analysis of the impact of natural resources and globalization on environmental quality and economic growth: The study of SANE nations." ECONOMICS AND POLICY OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT, no. 2 (May 2023): 219–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/efe2022-002010.
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The outcome of resources and globalization on growth and the quality of the environment among SANE (South Africa, Algeria and Nigeria) nations from 1990 to 2020 was investigated in this study. Economic growth and environmental degradation are the dependent variables, whereas the independent variables are natural resources, population, foreign direct invest- ment, trade openness, globalization, domestic credit to private sector by banks and investment. The study utilizes FMOLS and Granger Causality estimation procedure. Findings from the environmental degradation outcome suggest that per capita gross domestic product, gross fixed capital formation and globalization have positive significant impact on the regressand while trade openness has adverse significant impact on environmental degradation. The result from the economic growth model indicates that natural resources and total population posi- tively and significantly influence per capita gross domestic product. The Granger causality outcome predicts a uni-directional relationship that runs from environmental degradation to globalization, and a one-way causality from globalization to per capita gross domestic prod- uct. Also, a uni-directional causal relationship was observed from natural resources to glob- alization. Based on the outcome, the study recommends that investment in clean technologies should be given high precedence, and since these greener technologies are capital intensive, there is a need for the provision of adequate finance to the private sector to procure these technologies as these would help to alleviate the challenge of degradation of the environment, and increase the value of the environment in the SANE nations.
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Aldhaferi. "User Cost Accounting in Extractive Industries: A Value-Based Framework for Sustainable Income Measurement." Journal of Finance and Accounting 13, no. 2 (2025): 26–41. https://doi.org/10.12691/jfa-13-2-1.
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Conventional accounting practices in extractive industries systematically overstate income by failing to deduct the economic cost of non-renewable resource depletion. This leads to financial statements that present unsustainable earnings as if they were genuine profits, misinforming stakeholders and undermining capital maintenance. This paper addresses this deficiency by proposing a comprehensive user cost accounting framework that integrates natural capital depreciation, carbon budget constraints, and reinvestment behavior into corporate financial reporting. Inspired by Keynes and El Serafy, the user cost approach differentiates between true sustainable income and asset liquidation, allocating a portion of resource rents for capital replacement to ensure intergenerational equity. The framework is developed in eight dimensions: (1) a critical review of traditional vs. sustainable accounting, (2) creation of a Reinvestment Scorecard to measure capital replenishment performance, (3) introduction of a Sustainability-Weighted Cost of Capital (SWACC) to align discounting with long-term societal preferences, (4) construction of dual financial statements contrasting conventional and sustainable reporting, (5) extension to carbon budget accounting as an emissions depletion model, (6) integration of human and social capital depreciation metrics, (7) exploration of blockchain technologies to secure ESG data transparency, and (8) policy recommendations for standard-setters and regulators. Empirical validation includes case studies of Freeport-McMoRan, Anglo American, and Ørsted, with analysis of reinvestment, reserve trends, and financial outcomes under both accounting regimes. Findings reveal significant discrepancies between conventional and sustainable income, particularly in capital-intensive and carbon-intensive operations. Companies with high reinvestment and low-carbon strategies (e.g., Ørsted) demonstrate more future-proof business models, while others risk financial and reputational liabilities from unsustainable profit extraction. The study contributes a novel, operationalizable framework for sustainability accounting in extractive sectors, aligning corporate financial metrics with long-term resource stewardship and climate constraints. Recommendations include the adoption of mandatory supplemental “Statements of Resource Earnings and Reinvestment”, integration of sustainability-adjusted discounting practices, and use of digital tools for real-time ESG assurance. This research advances sustainable income measurement theory and offers practical tools to redefine corporate value in the resource-constrained 21st century.
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Cheng, Xiwu, Zhongbao Tang, and Gang Ji. "Economic Effect Analysis of Manufacturing Digital Transformation from the Perspective of Value Chain." Scientific and Social Research 6, no. 12 (2024): 132–39. https://doi.org/10.26689/ssr.v6i12.9091.
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With the vigorous development of digital technologies such as big data and artificial intelligence, emerging information technologies continue to pour in and bring great convenience to people’s lives, and manufacturing enterprises gradually enter the era of the digital economy and begin to carry out digital transformation. As one of the important pillars of China’s real economy, the manufacturing industry is an important force to promote the development of the digital economy. The manufacturing industry has become a key development area because of its strong cyclical industry, high technology content, and capital-intensive characteristics. Based on the study of the digital transformation of manufacturing enterprises, this paper discusses the transformation path of the manufacturing industry to meet the needs of social development from the perspective of the value chain and finally analyzes the impact of digital transformation of manufacturing enterprises on the economic effect from the perspective of the value chain.
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Shahbaz, Muhammad, Samia Nasreen, Chong Hui Ling, and Rashid Sbia. "Causality between Trade Openness and Energy Consumption: What Causes What in High, Middle and Low Income Countries." Pakistan Development Review 53, no. 4II (2014): 423–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v53i4iipp.423-459.
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Trade liberalisation has affected the flow of trade (goods and services) between developed and developing countries. The Heckscher-Ohlin trade theory reveals that under free trade, developing countries would specialise in the production of those goods that are produced by relatively abundant factors of production such as labour and natural resources. Developed countries would specialise in the production of those goods that are produced by human capital and manufactured in capital-intensive activities. Trade openness entails movement of goods produced in one country for either consumption or further processing to other country. Production of those goods is not possible without the effective use of energy. Trade openness affects energy demand via scale effect, technique effect and composite effect. Other things being same, trade openness increases economic activities, thus stimulates domestic production and hence economic growth. A surge in domestic production increases energy demand , which is commonly referred as scale effect. Such scale effect is caused by trade openness. Economic condition of the country and extent of relationship between economic growth and trade openness determine the impact of trade openness on energy consumption [Shahbaz, et al. (2013); Cole (2006)]. Trade openness enables developing economies to import advanced technologies from developed economies. The adoption of advanced technology lowers energy intensity. The use of advanced technologies result in less energy consumption and more output that is usually referred to as technique effect [Arrow (1962)]. Composite effect reveals the shift of production structure from agriculture to industry with the use of energy intensive production techniques. In initial stages of economic development economy is based largely on agriculture sector, thus the use of energy is relatively less. As economy starts shifting from agriculture to industry, the energy consumption increases.
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Kritskaia, Tatiana, Mykhailo Sukach, and Yevgen Bazhenov. "Quartz sand is an affordable inexpensive raw material for technologies of electronics and photovoltaics." Pidvodni tehnologii, no. 12 (March 21, 2023): 63–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/uwt.2022.12.1801.
Full textAbstract:
Based on the analysis of modern methods for obtaining semiconductor silicon, critical factors influencing the prospects for the development of the industry are identified. The basic component of the production scheme for producing silicon of semiconductor quality today is the carbothermal technology for producing metallurgical silicon. The dominance of this scheme is largely dictated by economic reasons for the development of capital-intensive industries. The accumulation of objective needs over time predetermine the need to overcome the inertial barrier of evolutionary steps in the development of semiconductor quality silicon technology.
 First of all, the problems of raw material supply and high energy intensity of traditional production processes are actualized. The task is formulated in the direction of searching for a source of raw materials that removes in the time perspective the problems of ensuring a potential increase in the volume of production of semiconductor quality silicon, as well as the problems of energy supply for this growth process. As a promising solution, a method is proposed for obtaining silicon of semiconductor quality directly from quartz sand, excluding the use of expensive and scarce quartzites and charcoal. The prospects for quartz sand as a raw material replacing quartzite are objectively predetermined by the high similarity of the physicochemical characteristics of these materials. The objective prerequisites for the process of replacing quartzite are supported by the existing practice of testing the proposed technological solutions on an industrial scale.For this purpose, low energy-intensive processes for the production and purification of silanes, utilization and reversal of intermediate technological products are used. The energy efficiency of the method is ensured by the exclusion from the technology of a large-tonnage, energy-intensive process for obtaining metallurgical silicon, as well as energy-consuming methods associated with the use of low temperatures (–30 ... –80 ° C). The technological solution eliminates the need for the synthesis of hydrogen chloride and, accordingly, eliminates the explosive high-temperature process from production. The proposed solutions open up possibilities for the variable use of known technologies in relation to the current consumer requirements for the quality of polycrystalline silicon.