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1
Rosian-Schikuta, Ingrid, Julia Bobek, Anja Laschkolnig, Herwig Ostermann, Stephan Mildschuh, Daniela Pertl, Heidi Stürzlinger, Johannes Zsifkovits, and Martin Zuba. "OP01 Cross Border Cooperation On High-Cost-Capital Investments In Health." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 33, S1 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026646231700112x.
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INTRODUCTION:The medical equipment sector is characterized by a large share of overall health budgets spent for the provision of capital investment goods such as medical scanners and radiotherapy units. A high variability in provision and utilization rates of medical equipment can be observed too. The objective for this study was to contribute to effective cross-border cooperation between European Union (EU)-Member States by pooling resources for high-cost medical equipment investments (1).METHODS:Potential cost-intensive and highly specialised medical equipment, where cross-border investment resource pooling may be recommended, were identified by a combined evidence search and expert consultation. An efficiency assessment of medical equipment potential savings for EU-countries was done by a benchmark-approach and a best-practice-approach. Furthermore six examples for cross-border cooperation were investigated and two surveys have been conducted.RESULTS:The following medical equipment can be considered as cost-intensive and highly specialized across EU-Member States: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scanners, Computed Tomography (CT) scanners, Stereotactic systems and Surgical robots.The efficiency assessment using the benchmark approach was performed for MRI, CT scanners, Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scanners, Angiography units, Gamma cameras and Lithotriptors. The results of the best-practice approach showed potential cost savings due to under-or overutilization per device group and EU-Member State. However, as this analysis offers a view on health systems on a very macro level it was not possible to give detailed insights at the country-level.The six selected cross-border examples demonstrated a wide variety of options regarding the structure, extent and organization of cross-border cooperation: Five of six cross-border examples were cooperation close to the border, in four of six examples EU funds played an important role.CONCLUSIONS:The study highlighted that cross-border cooperation in the field of cost-intensive/highly specialized medical equipment could bring economic advantages for many EU-Member States. Despite this, still only little is done by EU-Member States in terms of cooperation. Reasons are diverse and can be ascribed to lacking information, differences of national health systems, organizational and administrative hurdles, and lacking political support.
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Kim, Salim, Cha, and Park. "Development of Total Capital Investment Estimation Module for Waste Heat Power Plant." Energies 12, no. 8 (April 19, 2019): 1492. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12081492.
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Power plants with waste heat collection and utilization have gained increasing interest in the high energy-consuming industries, such as steel-making and cement manufacturing, due to its energy efficiency. Waste heat power plants possess some intrinsic characteristics, for instance, the main equipment and the working fluids. However, at the time of this research, we could not find an economic analysis suitable to address the specialized aspects of waste heat power plant, making it difficult to measure the total capital investment needed for the business feasibility assessment. In this paper, we introduced our total capital investment estimation module developed for a waste heat power plant by considering its intrinsic features. We followed a systems engineering approach in designing and developing our module. We performed a requirements analysis of the stakeholders related to the waste heat power plant. Simultaneously, we consider the technical aspects by exploring the working fluids and main equipment implemented in the plant. Then, we developed the cost models for each equipment and used them as the basis of the proposed total capital investment estimation module. The performance verification showed that our proposed method achieved the initial accuracy target of a 5.78% error range when compared to the real data from the reference case study.
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Тулинов, Андрей, Andrey Tulinov, Алексей Корнеев, Aleksey Korneev, Ирина Шпагина, and Irina Shpagina. "Specialized service centers as the basis for sustainable development of industrial service in Russian Federation." Services in Russia and abroad 10, no. 2 (June 16, 2016): 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/19732.
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The authors define the concept of "an industrial service", consider the specific features of the industrial service and give its classification. The authors also confirm that services for reconditioning, modernization and maintenance of the equipment of enterprises and life support systems are currently most in demand. Execution of these works requires creating specialized service centers. The main their tasks include reconditioning and modernization of equipment, consultation, exchange of used equipment on the restored or new, post-warranty maintenance, diagnostic, fabrication of equipment parts on request. The development factors of service centers are identified and justified; they include specialization of service centers, a labor division between the functional of customer and service center, as well as large investments in research and development of new technologies. The article shows that an important role in promoting the service center plays a well-developed marketing system. The authors propose the algorithm of work with the customer service centers, discuss in detail all the stages, and also state that correct assessment of possible risks has considerable importance. Correct organization of the service centers work contributes to the formation of capital-intensive and profitable industrial services market, in which will invest as the large service companies, as their customers. All this will create an extensive network of specialized service centers that perform high quality repair work using innovative technologies and, as a consequence, the conditions for sustainable development of industrial services in the Russian Federation.
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Ahluwalia, Rashpal, and Denis Pinha. "Decision Support System for Production Planning in the Ship Repair Industry." Industrial and Systems Engineering Review 2, no. 1 (July 8, 2014): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.37266/iser.2014v2i1.pp52-61.
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All ships and offshore platforms, however large or small, undergo scheduled or unscheduled repair and maintenance. The bidding process for ship repair jobs is highly competitive and global in scope. The ship repair industry is also prone to significant risks due to high level of capital investment in skilled labor, specialized equipment, and facilities such as dry docks. Several decision support tools have been utilized by the ship repair and maintenance industry with limited success. The focus of these tools is on mid or long-term planning. They view the system as various cost centers and attempt to minimize cost at each center. This paper proposes a decision support system for short term planning. It is oriented towards day to day decision making by ship yard personnel. Its focus is on enhancing system throughput and minimizing total cost. It utilizes a common corporate database to store and retrieve information and to generate timely reports for the management. By focusing on system throughput and overall cost, unnecessary internal completion between cost centers can be avoided, resulting in fewer delays and resource overloading.
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Girfanova, L. R., and R. R. Abdyrasulova. "SPECIALIZATION AS A SYSTEMIC TOOL FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE GARMENT INDUSTRY IN DIGITALIZATION." Bulletin USPTU Science education economy Series economy 2, no. 32 (2020): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17122/2541-8904-2020-2-32-68-74.
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The development of digital technologies offers a wide range of opportunities to increase production efficiency, which relies on known tools and methods that transform in modern conditions. Many researchers note that the specialization most characteristic of complex knowledge-intensive industries has high prospects and is evident in all sectors of the national economy. Its combination with cooperation and outsourcing brings momentum to the development of both individual enterprises and the industry as a whole. It has been found that in light industry, which had a developed system of specializations, the return to this practice is difficult due to significant changes in the industries related to the liquidation of large mass production enterprises and the lag in the creation of digital twins, which are the basis at the stage of production preparation. Lost in the process of transition to a market economy, large production with a complete cycle is now successfully replaced by specialized small and medium-sized production, using high-performance equipment combined with modern digital technologies. It is obvious that the garment industry has entered a new cycle of development characterized by a high degree of specialization against the background of the application of digital technologies at all stages of the product life cycle. The significant lag in the application of digital technologies at the stage of production of light industry products is overcome, especially in the transition to additive technologies. It is noted that the digital shadow complements the information digital twin, which is especially relevant from the point of view of production. The introduction of digital technologies in specialized industries allows to achieve higher productivity and payback of invested capital than in standard production, where such investment is "blurred" due to the lag of related processes of the enterprise. It has been revealed that the modern stage of development of light industry is characterized by the application of fundamentally new technologies based on the creation of a digital twin and digital shadow, which create prerequisites for industrial application of additive technologies in industry. Key words: specialization, cooperation, digitalization, development of light industry
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Girfanova, L. R., and R. R. Abdyrasulova. "SPECIALIZATION AS A SYSTEMIC TOOL FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE GARMENT INDUSTRY IN DIGITALIZATION." Bulletin USPTU Science education economy Series economy 2, no. 32 (2020): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17122/2541-8904-2020-2-32-68-74.
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The development of digital technologies offers a wide range of opportunities to increase production efficiency, which relies on known tools and methods that transform in modern conditions. Many researchers note that the specialization most characteristic of complex knowledge-intensive industries has high prospects and is evident in all sectors of the national economy. Its combination with cooperation and outsourcing brings momentum to the development of both individual enterprises and the industry as a whole. It has been found that in light industry, which had a developed system of specializations, the return to this practice is difficult due to significant changes in the industries related to the liquidation of large mass production enterprises and the lag in the creation of digital twins, which are the basis at the stage of production preparation. Lost in the process of transition to a market economy, large production with a complete cycle is now successfully replaced by specialized small and medium-sized production, using high-performance equipment combined with modern digital technologies. It is obvious that the garment industry has entered a new cycle of development characterized by a high degree of specialization against the background of the application of digital technologies at all stages of the product life cycle. The significant lag in the application of digital technologies at the stage of production of light industry products is overcome, especially in the transition to additive technologies. It is noted that the digital shadow complements the information digital twin, which is especially relevant from the point of view of production. The introduction of digital technologies in specialized industries allows to achieve higher productivity and payback of invested capital than in standard production, where such investment is "blurred" due to the lag of related processes of the enterprise. It has been revealed that the modern stage of development of light industry is characterized by the application of fundamentally new technologies based on the creation of a digital twin and digital shadow, which create prerequisites for industrial application of additive technologies in industry. Key words: specialization, cooperation, digitalization, development of light industry
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Quan, Jing. "Visualization and Analysis Model of Industrial Economy Status and Development Based on Knowledge Graph and Deep Neural Network." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (April 28, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7008093.
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This paper adopts knowledge mapping combined with a deep neural network algorithm to conduct in-depth research and analysis on the current situation and development of the industrial economy and designs a visual analysis model of economic development based on knowledge mapping combined with a deep neural network algorithm. Cultivate the concept of coordinated development and legal system of the subject, improve the awareness of network security and integrity self-discipline of the subject, improve the level of network hardware equipment manufacturing, improve the level of network platform construction, build a network security technology prevention system, improve the repair system of network information alienation, set up a specialized agency setting for the coordinated development of network ecology and industrial economy, and increase the capital investment in network infrastructure and network information technology research and development. A framework of breadth and depth recommendation ranking based on a knowledge graph is proposed and implemented. This paper provides a visual analysis method to sort and classify multivariate data. The method first determines users’ preferences through their interactive operations, calculates the weights of each attribute according to the users’ preference model, then uses the obtained attribute weight sets to sort the whole data set, and finally completes the category classification according to the sorting results and the users’ markings on some data. The visual display allows users to intuitively perform data sorting and classification operations and quickly understand the characteristics and category features of the data. The framework achieves modeling and integration of knowledge graph neighborhood information from breadth dimension and depth dimension to realize personalized recommendation sorting and improves the F1 metrics by 8.59%, 14.36%, and 15.22% on the public datasets Amazon-book, Yelp2018, and ILast-FM compared with the previous optimal model.
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Sharma, Kirthana, Refeletswe Lebelonyane, Tlotlo Ralefela, Peter Vuylsteke, Reena Antony, Morongwa Legwaila, Tapologo Leselwa, Tiny Masupe, Tendani Gaolathe, and Richard Marlink. "Findings of a Nationwide Mixed-Methods Assessment of Cancer Care and Prevention Needs in Botswana." JCO Global Oncology 8, Supplement_1 (May 2022): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/go.22.45000.
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PURPOSE High-level investment in cancer prevention and control in low- and middle-income countries is urgently needed to address the predicted surge in cancer incidence, yet few assessments of health systems have systematically identified gaps in infrastructure, training, and patient care in sub-Saharan Africa. In Botswana, we evaluated the current state of cancer care and prevention, to understand the strengths, weaknesses, and needs regarding the provision of comprehensive cancer services. METHODS The study evaluated four regional hospitals designated as cancer sites by the Botswana Ministry of Health and Wellness to decentralize cancer services. A multi-site, cross-sectional evaluation using qualitative and quantitative methods was conducted. Focus Group Discussions with cancer patients, cancer survivors, caregivers, the general population, and healthcare workers were analyzed for emergent themes. Quantitative surveys assessed knowledge, attitudes and practices of health workers and hospital management staff, and cancer service gaps at health facilities. RESULTS Knowledge gaps included low awareness of cancer signs and symptoms among the general population, poor knowledge of early detection and treatment among health workers, and caregivers lacked skills to support cancer patients. Cancer screening services, other than cervical screening, were limited in all sites. Diagnosis and treatment barriers included lack of specialized personnel, equipment, timely pathology services, and drug stockouts. There were low levels of confidence in cancer management, including chemotherapy, without support from oncologists. Providers reported low patient screening uptake due lack of access and patients reported fear of diagnosis. Health facilities did not routinely notify cancers to the national registry. Radiotherapy was limited to one private hospital in the capital. CONCLUSION Decentralization of cancer services to regions will require substantial capacity building at district hospitals to strengthen fragmented screening, early diagnosis and treatment services. Health provider training needs and infrastructure gaps were substantial, with low public awareness of cancer signs, symptoms and causes.
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Łukaszuk, Krzysztof. "Agriculture Loans in Cooperative Banks of the Podlaskie Voivodeship." Economic and Regional Studies / Studia Ekonomiczne i Regionalne 13, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 473–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ers-2020-0035.
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Summary Subject and purpose of work: Running an agricultural activity requires acquiring funds necessary for its functioning and proper development. The most classic examples of financing agricultural activity include all kinds of bank loans used by farmers for the purchase of agricultural land, construction and modernization of buildings, the purchase of machinery and equipment, as well as the establishment of perennial plantations or the purchase of a herd. The aim of the study is to present the possibilities of financing agricultural activity by cooperative banks in the Podlaskie Voivodeship. Materials and methods: The study used the method of observation and analysis of banking materials. The source of information was the data of cooperative banks, the Agency for Restructuring and Modernization of Agriculture and the Central Statistical Office. Results: Over the centuries, cooperative banks have developed techniques, methods and practices in the field of agricultural lending. They have somehow specialized in this area and offer farmers a full range of commercial loans. They have also actively participated in the redistribution of funds under the implementation of the EU Common Agricultural Policy. for many years. Currently operating farms have access to many forms of financing (the most developed and available in banks, however, are loans) depending on their financial needs or planned investments. Conclusions: Among many forms of foreign capital in agriculture, it is preferential loans that play a significant role as a stimulus to improve farm activities. Granting loans by cooperative banks is one of the basic tasks in their operations. Bank loans play an important role in changes taking place in agriculture. They generally do not violate the principles of market economy and financing rules, provided that the financial and credit policy takes into account the needs and limitations resulting from the current and forecast economic situation of farms.
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Temple, Jonathan, and Hans-Joachim Voth. "Human capital, equipment investment, and industrialization." European Economic Review 42, no. 7 (July 1998): 1343–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0014-2921(97)00082-2.
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Handayani, Nur, and Budi Sasongko. "Human Capital and Business Growth in Indonesia." SPLASH Magz 1, no. 2 (April 21, 2021): 25–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.54204/splashmagzvol1no1pp25to27.
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This study investigates 84 companies in Bandung and Jakarta (Indonesia) related to business growth, human capital investment including education investment, health investment and work equipment using secondary data collection methods from related companies and in-depth interviews with 84 employees who are very familiar with the company's business operations then quantified using the autoregression moving average method. We found that investment in education and investment in health had a significant positive relationship with business growth. However, investment in work equipment is negatively related. This shows that the higher human capital in the company is related to the efficiency of investment in work equipment.
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Deeble, John. "Capital investment in public hospitals." Australian Health Review 25, no. 5 (2002): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah020045.
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Capital investment is a major concern for public hospitals.Relative to operating expenditures,it has been almost constant for 40 years,despite great changes in technology and patient throughputs.Research studies during the last decade suggest that over that time almost all investment has been on simply replacing existing assets.Per person,the total capital stock has actually declined. However most replacement outlays are predictable.Although major building outlays may still need some central supervision, equipment replacement can be projected with enough confidence to fund it through operating grants.Using data from several surveys,some capital-weighted DRGs have been developed and a funding system suggested.
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Xiao, Hanxiong, Jianhui Liao, and Xiaobin Lin. "Construction of the Performance Evaluation System of State-owned Capital Investment Company." E3S Web of Conferences 275 (2021): 03052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127503052.
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The functional differences between state-owned capital investment companies and production-oriented state-owned enterprises determine the need to reconstruct the performance evaluation system of state-owned capital specialized operation. Based on the goal of specialized operation of state-owned capital, this paper puts forward the ideas and principles of selecting performance indicators, and constructs the evaluation index system.
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Aukutsionek, S. "Investment behavior of enterprises in 2019-2020." Russian Economic Barometer, no. 4 (2020): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/2307-0390-2020-4-3-11.
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The article outlines the trends of 2019 – the first half of 2020 in the field of investment behavior of enterprises. There are examined: the level of investment activity both in terms of equipment purchases and total capital investment; the rating of factors limiting capital investment; the main sources of funds for investment and principal motives to invest; the features of borrowings from banks to finance investment.
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Aukutsionek, S. "Investment Behavior of Enterprises in 2019–2020." Russian Economic Barometer (QuE), no. 4 (2020): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0202-179x-2020-4-3-17.
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The article outlines the trends of 2019 – the first half of 2020 in the field of investment behavior of enterprises. The following aspects are examined: the level of investment activity both in terms of equipment purchases and total capital investment; the rating of factors limiting capital investment; the main sources of funds for investment and principal motives to invest; the features of borrowings from banks to finance investment.
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Chan, Andrew. "The Role Of Cash Holdings, Working Capital, Dividend Payout On Capital Investment." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 34, no. 3 (May 7, 2018): 419–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v34i3.10165.
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An objective of this paper is to investigate the relationship between firms' capital investment spending, cash holdings, and working capital in an expanding Asian financial market. A sample of publicly traded manufacturing firms on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange was examined during the period 2005-2014. The empirical results provide strong and statistically significant evidence on the effect of cash flow on investment. Working capital also exhibits significant relationship with capital investment spending, though the relationship is not as strong and significant as that with cash flow and cash holding. Firms with low dividend payout policy over the sample period depended heavily on cash flow, changes in cash flow and, to a lesser extent, on working capital to finance spending on fixed plant and equipment. These results suggest that the effect of capital investment spending financed by internal cash flow on firm value may depend on a firm's dividend payout.
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Choi, Sung. "Hospital Capital Investment During the Great Recession." INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 54 (January 1, 2017): 004695801770839. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0046958017708399.
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Hospital capital investment is important for acquiring and maintaining technology and equipment needed to provide health care. Reduction in capital investment by a hospital has negative implications for patient outcomes. Most hospitals rely on debt and internal cash flow to fund capital investment. The great recession may have made it difficult for hospitals to borrow, thus reducing their capital investment. I investigated the impact of the great recession on capital investment made by California hospitals. Modeling how hospital capital investment may have been liquidity constrained during the recession is a novel contribution to the literature. I estimated the model with California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development data and system generalized method of moments. Findings suggest that not-for-profit and public hospitals were liquidity constrained during the recession. Comparing the changes in hospital capital investment between 2006 and 2009 showed that hospitals used cash flow to increase capital investment by $2.45 million, other things equal.
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Cruz, Julio, and Ariel Singerman. "Understanding Investment Analysis for Farm Management." EDIS 2019, no. 4 (August 1, 2019): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-fe1060-2019.
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Investment decisions are among the most important decisions growers make. In many cases, those investments are in capital assets such as establishing a new orchard or purchasing a new piece of equipment. The process for evaluating those investments is called investment analysis or capital budgeting. This 4-page fact sheet written by Julio Cruz and Ariel Singerman and published by the UF/IFAS Food and Resource Economics Department reviews net present value and the internal rate of return, the two main criteria for decision making when evaluating a decision to invest in a capital asset. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fe1060
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Wang, Yiwei, and Zipeng Yu. "Research on the impact of R&D investment on the international competitiveness of communication and electronic equipment industry in Hubei Province." E3S Web of Conferences 256 (2021): 02013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125602013.
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R&D investment has always been one of the most active factors in the economic development of China’s manufacturing industry. Therefore, this paper analyzes the communication and electronic equipment industry in Hubei Province from all aspects of R&D investment, explores the competitive advantages in the development process of the industry, and looks for the future development direction of the industry in Hubei Province, so as to better complete the transformation and upgrading of the industry. Based on the current international competitiveness evaluation index system, the research on the development status of the communication and electronic equipment industry can be analyzed from the perspective of industrial international competitiveness. The industrial R&D investment is divided into three parts: personnel, capital and efficiency. R&D personnel investment and R&D capital investment have a positive impact on the international competitiveness of the industry, and R&D input-output efficiency has a positive impact on the international competitiveness of the industry There is a slight negative effect. It is pointed out that the future development direction of Hubei electronic technology industry in R&D investment should focus on personnel investment and capital investment.
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Eremchenko, О. А. "Specialized Venture Capital Funds as a Tool for Supporting Investment in Advanced Technologies." Economics of Science 7, no. 3 (November 5, 2021): 217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2410-132x-2021-7-3-217-226.
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An overview of the most common and proven in world practice types of budgetary support for the venture industry, including the creation of venture capital funds, is carried out. The Russian experience of state support for the venture capital sector is analyzed, and a positive assessment of the work of closed-end mutual investment funds created by RVC in 2007–2009 is given. The principles for the formation of mechanisms for increasing the venture activity of state institutions, particularly state programs for creating venture capital funds, have been formulated. It is shown that the funds of specialized venture funds can become a decisive factor in supporting startups at the expense of budgetary funds and lead to the organization of additional high-tech jobs, equal spatial economic development of the country, and the achievement of other social goals.
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Zwick, Eric, and James Mahon. "Tax Policy and Heterogeneous Investment Behavior." American Economic Review 107, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 217–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20140855.
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We estimate the effect of temporary tax incentives on equipment investment using shifts in accelerated depreciation. Analyzing data for over 120,000 firms, we present three findings. First, bonus depreciation raised investment in eligible capital relative to ineligible capital by 10.4 percent between 2001 and 2004 and 16.9 percent between 2008 and 2010. Second, small firms respond 95 percent more than big firms. Third, firms respond strongly when the policy generates immediate cash flows, but not when cash flows only come in the future. This heterogeneity materially affects investment-weighted estimates and supports models in which financial frictions or fixed costs amplify investment responses. (JEL D21, D22, D92, G31, H25, H32)
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Kueh, Y. Y. "Foreign Investment and Economic Change in China." China Quarterly 131 (September 1992): 637–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000046324.
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Foreign direct investment (FDI) in China is the most dramatic manifestation of China's open-door policy. Together with continuous import and export expansion, FDI has increasingly exposed the Chinese economy to the western world during the past decade. There are, however, several differences between FDI and foreign trade in terms of their implications for the domestic economy. The most obvious is that FDI directly helps to relieve domestic capital supply bottlenecks and to promote employment and economic growth. By contrast, increased capital formation through imports of machinery and equipment must be financed by extra export earnings.
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Lian, Weicheng, Natalija Novta, Evgenia Pugacheva, Yannick Timmer, and Petia Topalova. "The Price of Capital Goods." IMF Working Papers 19, no. 134 (June 28, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781498317429.001.
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Over the past three decades, the price of machinery and equipment fell dramatically relative to other prices in advanced and emerging market and developing economies. Using cross-country and sectoral data, we show that the decline in the relative price of tangible tradable capital goods provided a significant impetus to the capital deepening that took place during the same time period. The broad-based decline in the relative price of machinery and equipment, in turn, was driven by the faster productivity growth in the capital goods producing sectors relative to the rest of the economy, and deeper trade integration, which induced domestic producers to lower prices and increase their efficiency. Our findings suggest an additional channel through which rising trade tensions and sluggish productivity could threaten real investment growth going forward.
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Pradas, Francisco. "Foreign Investment Opportunities in the Venezuelan Upstream Industry." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 13, no. 5 (October 1995): 539–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014459879501300511.
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Venezuela with 64 billion barrels of proven reserves, estimates that 40 billion barrels of light and medium crudes are to be discovered. Petroleos de Venezuela medium term plans call for big investments and includes the establishment of associations with private enterprises which can provide capital, specialized technology and markets in order to accomplish its goals, one of which is to reach 4 MMBD of production by the end of the century.
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Škare, Marinko, and Dean Sinković. "EQUIPMENT INVESTMENTS AND GROWTH NEXUS – EVIDENCE FROM SOCIALIST AND TRANSITION CROATIA." Technological and Economic Development of Economy 18, no. 3 (October 1, 2012): 504–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20294913.2012.705253.
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New growth theories during the 1990s stress the importance of exploring a link between investments and growth. Using standard growth equations, we look into the correlation between investment in technical structure and growth in Croatia for two periods – socialist (1960–1989) and transition (1990–2009). Results suggest that equipment investments can boost growth rates through total factor productivity (TFP). This is consistent with the work of De Long and Summers (1991, 1992, 1993, 1994) and Temple (1998). In Croatia the equipment investments – growth link appears to be stronger than the structure investment – growth link for both periods. We also find a strong positive correlation between human capital and growth. Tests confirm the consistency and robustness of the regression results, suggesting inclusion of new variables in standard growth models. The structure of technical investments, real capital stock (not proxies) and estimated human capital stock (not schooling proxies) should have an important role in explaining international growth differences.
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C. Leung, Lawrence. "Present value expressions for capital equipment investment — the hong kong tax systems." Engineering Costs and Production Economics 11, no. 3 (June 1987): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-188x(87)80027-7.
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Gutierrez, Eric, Padraig Richard Warde, Dianne Belfour-Barnett, Garth Matheson, Elaine Meertens, and Lisa Favell. "Development of a capital investment strategy for radiation (RT) equipment in Ontario." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 31_suppl (November 1, 2013): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.31_suppl.279.
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279 Background: To ensure appropriate access to radiation treatment (RT) for Ontario cancer patients for the next decade and that future capital investments in radiation equipment are appropriately timed and strategically placed, Cancer Care Ontario (CCO) has updated its RT Capital Investment Strategy. The strategy was designed around 4 core principles: i) recognizing treatment machine capacity should match the demand resulting from increasing cancer incidence rates and increasing utilization rates as per CCO goals; ii) keeping pace with advancing technology; iii) ensuring value for money by maximising the use of current infrastructure; and iv) minimizing costs through centralized planning and procurement processes. Methods: A multidisciplinary provincial expert panel reviewed and revised the planning parameters used to project treatment demand and required capacity (including fractions of RT per treated case, number of cases treated per hour, uptime of treatment units). The panel reviewed current practice, impact of new and emerging treatment technologies and benchmarks from other jurisdictions. To project the future demand for radiation therapy, growth in cancer incidence (by county) as well as modest improvement in RT utilization rates were assumed. Results: Recommendations included: i) moving to 12-hour treatment days in all large centres and on 50% of equipment in centres operating fewer than 6 treatment units; ii) ensuring appropriate funding for the replacement of existing RT equipment; iii) equipping constructed rooms in 4 regional cancer centers – thereby adding 6 linacs; iv) equipping swing bunkers across the province – thereby adding 10 linacs; and v) planning for the construction of new facilities to add RT capacity in 3 regions of the province. Conclusions: Funding to implement recommendations from previous capital investment strategies has resulted in an equitable distribution of RT resources across the province. We believe the planning strategies and recommendations outlined in the strategy will improve access to quality RT care as close to home as feasible for Ontario patients.
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Yates, Barbara M., and David E. Tinius. "The effects of management control mechanisms on firm level capital equipment investment." Managerial Finance 24, no. 2 (February 1998): 44–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03074359810765372.
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Leung, Lawrence C. "Present value expressions for capital equipment investment — The Hong Kong tax systems." Engineering Costs and Production Economics 11, no. 1 (April 1987): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-188x(87)90040-1.
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Sherris, Michael. "Leveraged Leasing: An Example of the use of Investment Appraisal Techniques." Journal of the Staple Inn Actuarial Society 30 (December 1987): 97–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020269x00010094.
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The origins of leveraged leasing are the trust arrangements used in the 1870's in the United States of America by railroad companies to finance the acquisition of rolling stock (Fritch, 1977, p. 98). A trust was established to purchase the equipment. The trustee issued trust certificates to investors who provided the funds for the equipment acquisition. The trust certificates provided for the repayment of principal and interest at specified dates. The trust then leased the equipment to the railroad company and the rental paid by the railroad company was used to repay the trust certificates as they fell due. These arrangements were in reality conditional sale agreements and not leveraged leases. Leveraged leasing as we know it today was introduced in the U.S.A in 1963 after the Comptroller of the Currency permitted national and state chartered banks to own and lease personal property (Weston, 1983, p. 271). The arrangement was used initially by railroad and airline companies to finance the acquisition of large items of capital equipment. Companies within capital intensive industries could not absorb the tax benefits of ownership whereas the banks could. Leveraged leasing meant that the banks owned the equipment and claimed depreciation and other tax deductions associated with ownership. These benefits were passed onto the railroad companies through lower rentals which reflected the value of these taxation benefits.
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Kerr, Rhonda, Delia V. Hendrie, and Rachael Moorin. "Investing in acute health services: is it time to change the paradigm?" Australian Health Review 38, no. 5 (2014): 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah13226.
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Objective Capital is an essential enabler of contemporary public hospital services funding hospital buildings, medical equipment, information technology and communications. Capital investment is best understood within the context of the services it is designed and funded to facilitate. The aim of the present study was to explore the information on capital investment in Australian public hospitals and the relationship between investment and acute care service delivery in the context of efficient pricing for hospital services. Methods This paper examines the investment in Australian public hospitals relative to the growth in recurrent hospital costs since 2000–01 drawing from the available data, the grey literature and the reports of six major reviews of hospital services in Australia since 2004. Results Although the average annual capital investment over the decade from 2000–01 represents 7.1% of recurrent expenditure on hospitals, the most recent estimate of the cost of capital consumed delivering services is 9% per annum. Five of six major inquiries into health care delivery required increased capital funding to bring clinical service delivery to an acceptable standard. The sixth inquiry lamented the quality of information on capital for public hospitals. In 2012–13, capital investment was equivalent to 6.2% of recurrent expenditure, 31% lower than the cost of capital consumed in that year. Conclusions Capital is a vital enabler of hospital service delivery and innovation, but there is a poor alignment between the available information on the capital investment in public hospitals and contemporary clinical requirements. The policy to have capital included in activity-based payments for hospital services necessitates an accurate value for capital at the diagnosis-related group (DRG) level relevant to contemporary clinical care, rather than the replacement value of the asset stock. What is known about the topic? Deeble’s comprehensive hospital-based review of capital investment and costs, published in 2002, found that investment averages of between 7.1% and 7.9% of recurrent costs primarily replaced existing assets. In 2009, the Productivity Commission and the National Health and Hospitals Reform Commission (NHHRC) recommended capital, for the replacement of buildings and medical equipment, be included in activity-based funding. However, there have been persistent concerns about the reliability and quality of the information on the value of hospital capital assets. What does this paper add? This is the first paper for over a decade to look at hospital capital costs and investment in terms of the services they support. Although health services seek to reap dividends from technology in health care, this study demonstrates that investment relative to services costs has been below sustainable levels for most of the past 10 years. The study questions the helpfulness of the highly aggregated information on capital for public hospital managers striving to improve on the efficient price for services. What are the implications for practitioners? Using specific and accurate information on capital allocations at the DRG level assists health services managers advance their production functions for the efficient delivery of services.
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Ferrary, Michel. "Investing in transferable strategic human capital through alliances in the luxury hotel industry." Journal of Knowledge Management 19, no. 5 (September 14, 2015): 1007–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jkm-01-2015-0045.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is explore an organizational design that allows firms to invest in transferable strategic human capital. Strategic human capital requires considerable investment in training costs, effective compensation, opportunities for professional development and expectancy of long employment relationship within a firm. A firm can undertake investment in strategic knowledge and workers can engage in learning only in these circumstances. However, there are a number of risks that are associated with investment in strategic human capital within a firm. In this paper, the author argues that providing strategic human capital to other firms within alliances could be a strategy for leveraging resource. Strategic knowledge facilitates transactions between firms possessing co-specialized human capital and tangible resources. Organizational design of an alliance based on co-specialization allows to balance costs and returns for the human capital supplier, as well as for beneficiary and workers. Within an alliance, the human capital supplier provides workers to a beneficiary firm and coordinates their activities. Supplier specialized in human capital investment ensures improved performance, productivity and efficiency of workers. Possibility to form a greater pool of labor force and to centralize training allows optimizing cost and sharing risks associated with investment activity among alliance participants. Human resource practices in an alliance system foster long-term employment relationship. Entering an alliance increases number of job positions, professional development opportunities through horizontal mobility, promotion and learning opportunities for workers. Finally, alliances allow leveraging investment in human capital beyond a single organization. Design/methodology/approach – This paper conceptualizes the use of alliance based on co-specialization as a strategy to optimize investment in strategic human capital resource. It draws upon the resource-based view (Barney, 1991; Wernerfelt, 1995) and transaction cost theory (Coase, 1937; Williamson, 1981) to examine an alliance as a strategy for leveraging the human capital resources for accessing new markets, building reputation and sharing the risks across more than one organization. Findings – First, the paper reviews the theoretical literature on human capital as a strategic resource (Becker, 1962; Coff, 1997), its sourcing on internal and external labor markets and respective employment systems (Delery and Doty, 1996; Doeringer and Piore, 1971). Second, it focuses on the features of human capital resource (Barney, 1986; Chi, 1994; Doz and Hamel, 1998). Third, it conceptualizes the use of alliances based on co-specialization as organizational structures for investment in human capital across organizations and examines respective employment system and HR practices (Delery and Doty, 1996; Doeringer and Piore, 1971). As result, the author argues that an alliance can be an alternative mean to optimize returns on investment in human capital with strategic transferable knowledge. By consequence, the author describes an alliance employment system and illustrates the arguments with a case of human capital trading in a co-specialization alliance under a long-term management contract in the luxury hotel industry. Originality/value – This paper discusses collaborative ventures as a sourcing strategy of the human capital. An alliance strategy is relevant for sourcing the strategic human capital resources. Human capital resource can be accessed by firms through transfer of skills and organizational routines within collaborative agreements, such as alliances based on co-specialization. In this case, alliance is an organizational architecture between organizations that improves the efficiency and productivity, reduces marginal cost on training due to larger scale of operations and reduces risk by splitting investment in human capital and by offering more career and development opportunities for strategic knowledge workers.
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Yu, Li Min. "Study on Safety Status and Improvement Measures of Ship Construction." Applied Mechanics and Materials 401-403 (September 2013): 2238–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.401-403.2238.
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Overheating investment of private capital in the shipbuilding industry. Many shipyards to appear the low level expansion of investment, innovation ability is low, the renewal of equipment is slow, frequent accidents, restrict the development of the company. Ship safety production and prevent the accident is occurred, excluding all is not conducive to safe, should take the following measures: to gradually improve the safety production management level of enterprises; increase the industry leadership efforts; the establishment of safety production capital; set up the mechanism of safety supervision.
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Shchinnikov, Pavel, Alina Frantseva, and Ivan Sadkin. "Aggregate estimation of investments in power plant units using a parametric power function." Science Bulletin of the Novosibirsk State Technical University, no. 2-3 (November 13, 2020): 123–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17212/1814-1196-2020-2-3-123-138.
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In the course of designing new generating equipment for power plants and their thermal circuits, in the absence of information about their cost, analog indicators and/or expert assessments are used in the design practice. This approach allows us to compare various options if they can be brought to a comparable form and when the same type of equipment is used. When it is necessary to compare options that differ not only in the specified capacity, but also in the equipment configuration, a more accurate assessment of investment is required. The article proposes a method for estimating capital investment in power plants using a power parametric function. Capital investment is assessed for each unit of the power plant and its engineering system. A special feature of the approach is that the higher the cost of the unit is, the higher its thermodynamic characteristics, power, time of load use, etc. These factors are taken into account by the exponent in the power function. In addition, the correction coefficients take into account the configuration of the equipment, its climatic design, and configuration features. The combination of factors that are taken into account in the power function makes it possible to obtain an estimate of the cost of equipment in different versions. The uniformity of the problem statement makes it possible to apply the approach both to design tasks and to scientific and applied tasks of comparing the existing, newly developed and promising technologies. This paper presents the updating and development of the method developed in previous years at the department of thermal power plants of NSTU. Equations for determining investment in the main units and technical systems of power plants are presented. Estimates of investment in power plants currently under construction in Russia are made. It is shown that investment in power plants in Russia is 20-50% lower than in the USA and Europe, and 20-30% higher than in China.
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Mammadov, Tural, and Aleksandra Dmitrievna Zvereva. "Foreign direct investment as a factor of socioeconomic development of the EAEU member-states." Национальная безопасность / nota bene, no. 5 (May 2021): 41–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0668.2021.5.36706.
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The goal of this research lies in assessment of the role of foreign direct investment in socioeconomic development of the EAEU member-states in the current context. The research methodology employs such approaches as scientific abstraction, logical generalization, statistical and factor analysis. Based on examination of the relevant theories of international capital movement, the author outlines positive factors in attracting long-term foreign investment. The article explores the key indicators of economic development of the EAEU member-states at the current stage. Analysis is conducted on the peculiarities of foreign direct investment in the region. It is noted that the Russian Federation is the most active investor within the EAEU. The author determines the common factors that limit the development of investment relations between the partner countries; as well as reveals the dominant disproportions in attraction of foreign investment capital. Consideration is given to the experience of Shenzhen in formation of the global special economic zone in the EAEU countries. The conclusion is formulated that the key factor of socioeconomic development of the EAEU member-states is the attraction of foreign direct investment capital. The following measures in the sphere of foreign investment are proposed: development of direct investment funds; formation of special economic zones; implementation of intergovernmental earmarked programs; creation of specialized centers for the development of small and medium business bases on the market principles.
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Mahmood, Mir Annice. "UNCTAD. World Investment Report 2000: Cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions and Development. New York: UNCTAD, 2000. xviii+337 pages. Paperback. Price not given." Pakistan Development Review 40, no. 1 (March 1, 2001): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v40i1pp.79-82.
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Foreign aid has given way to foreign direct investment (FDI) as a means of stimulating growth in not only the developed countries but also the developing ones. FDI can be divided into two components: direct and portfolio. Direct investment is concerned with the establishment of physical assets in the shape of plants and equipment which in turn are used to produce commodities. The establishment of plants and equipment involves technology and raises the issue of technology transfer. Portfolio investment, on the other hand, is largely financial, with investments being made on the stock market. These investments, given the interlinkages between the main financial centres these days, are volatile because international capital is highly mobile. Both direct and portfolio investment can be made by public authorities, multinational firms, and individuals.
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Khan, Ali Nawaz, Zaheer Iqbal Cheema, and Jawwad Riaz. "Role of Actors and Factors for the Emergence of Contemporary Regime of Investor-State Dispute Settlement." Global Management Sciences Review V, no. IV (December 30, 2020): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gmsr.2020(v-iv).05.
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Dispute resolution mechanism happened to be the fundamental aspect of the protectionist discourse of foreign investment. The consistent efforts were rolled out on behalf of international economic organizations such as UNO, OECD and IBRD of World Bank Group for the establishment of an impartial forum for the settlement of investment disputes. The opposite approaches of capital-exporting developed economies and less developed recipients of foreign capital lead certain attempts to failure to build consensus for dispute resolution mechanism relating to foreign investments. The World Bank started its effort for a specialized forum for investor-state dispute settlements in 1961. This effort remained successful in building consensus for exclusive jurisdiction for investment disputes. The members of the World Bank Group adopted the international convention on the settlement of investment disputes between states and nationals of other states, 1965, i.e. ICSID Convention. The paper has concluded that the efforts of international organizations and the large-scale recognition of the ICSID mechanism have ensured the legitimacy of the system.
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Doan, Nguyen Thanh. "On the performance of state capital and investment corporation." Science & Technology Development Journal - Economics - Law and Management 4, no. 2 (April 30, 2020): First. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjelm.v4i2.618.
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State Capital and Investment Corporation (SCIC) is a sovereign wealth fund (SWF) operating as a governmental specialized economic entity. SCIC serves two main functions: first, manage and represent the equity share of state at public companies, limited companies, and second, invest state capital into strategic industries and fields of the economy. This study compares the impacts of the ownership of SCIC and the state on the performance of target firms in Vietnam. In addition, the current study aims to extend the extant literature by examining the impact of sovereign wealth fund (SWF, in this case, SCIC in Vietnam) on the performance of target firms in Vietnam. Previous studies only consider the influence of SWF on target firms’ operating performance without considering the country where the target firms reside. Finally, the research investigates the influence of the ownership of SCIC and the state not only on financial but also on the non-financial performance of target firms, whereas previous research chiefly discusses the financial impact of SWFs. The author uses the Generalized System Method of Moments for a sample of listed firms collected from Thomson Reuters for the period of 2008-2017 to deal with the potential endogeneity issue as well as other defects such as heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation. The results show that SCIC ownership has a positive impact on target firms’ financial performance, compared to state ownership. However, SCIC ownership exerts a more negative impact on target firms’ non-financial performance, compared to state one. This finding implies that SCIC may prioritize financial indicators over non-financial (or social) ones. This could justify the reason why SCIC ownership has a better financial but lower non-financial performance compared with state ownership.
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Meyer, Laurence H., Joel L. Prakken, and Chris P. Varvares. "Policy Watch: Designing an Effective Investment Tax Credit." Journal of Economic Perspectives 7, no. 2 (May 1, 1993): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.7.2.189.
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The investment tax credit (ITC) allows firms to reduce their tax liability by an amount related to their expenditures on equipment, and thus reduces the cost of acquiring capital. An investment tax credit can be introduced temporarily to stimulate investment as part of a countercyclical fiscal policy or permanently as part of a strategy to enhance capital formation, raise labor productivity, and so speed longer-term economic growth. The discussion in this paper will focus mainly on the permanent ITC, although it will include some comments on the temporary version. As this paper is being written, President-elect Bill Clinton is widely expected to propose an ITC (of some sort) to Congress soon after taking office. Since the federal deficit continues to constrain fiscal policy, attention has been focused on designing an ITC that delivers the greatest stimulus per dollar loss of revenue.
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Ouyang, Wenjing, and Peter E. Hilsenrath. "Merger & Acquisition and Capital Expenditure in Health Care." INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 54 (January 1, 2017): 004695801769227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0046958017692275.
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Investment, especially through merger and acquisition (M&A), is a leading topic of concern among health care managers. In addition, the implications of this activity for organization and market concentration are of great interest to policy makers. Using a sample of 2256 firm-year observations in the health care industry during the period from 1985 to 2011, this article provides novel evidence that managers learn from financial markets in making capital expenditure (CAPEX) and M&A investment decisions. Within the industry, managers in the Drugs subsector are most likely to do so, whereas managers in the Medical Equipment and Supplies are least likely to do so. We find informative stock prices improve firm financial performance. This article highlights the importance of financial markets for real economic activity in the health care industry.
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Auerbach, Alan J. "The Tax Reform Act of 1986 and the Cost of Capital." Journal of Economic Perspectives 1, no. 1 (August 1, 1987): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.1.1.73.
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The broad outlines of the recently passed Tax Reform Act of 1986 suggest a shift in the tax burden toward business. Over the five-year period 1987-1991, corporate tax revenues are projected to increase by $120.3 billion with individual tax revenues declining by $121.9 billion. It is natural to conclude that business investment in plant and equipment will be discouraged by this shift. Yet the relationship between tax revenues and investment incentives is a complicated one, particularly when the change in business tax revenues is accompanied by a major change in the tax structure producing these revenues. This paper's primary aim is to discuss the channels through which this major change in the tax structure will affect the incentives for business investment. Among the related questions discussed are the law's impact on the efficiency of capital allocation; corporate debt-equity ratios; corporate mergers and takeovers; tax shelter activity and the nonpayment of taxes by individuals and corporations; the strength of foreign investment in the United States; and the market value of the equity shares of U.S. corporations.
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Galanov, Vladimir, and A. Galanova. "Development Trends of Joint Stock Companies." Scientific Research and Development. Economics of the Firm 10, no. 4 (December 27, 2021): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2306-627x-2021-10-4-55-62.
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Joint-stock company is the pinnacle of development of organizational forms of functioning of private capital. Having emerged at a certain stage in the development of the market, a joint-stock company has become the leading form of concentration of private capital and the main source of their further growth including the form of citizens' money savings. The expansion of the size and circle of private capital owners, in turn, required further development of the specific composition of joint-stock companies, on the one hand, towards increasing their publicity and increasing the number of shareholders, and, on the other hand, in order to ensure the processes of the fastest, cheapest, complete and the relatively “safe” inclusion of small private savings in total equity. This revealed the specific process of the division of labor in the field of investment. Investment funds that specialized in "collecting" private savings for their investment in stakes in different companies have emerged, and professional financial intermediaries have developed in order to provide all the necessary services to ensure the process of mass investment in shares. Taken together, all these processes reflect the growth of the social character of modern private capital uniting in joint-stock companies and similar organizations. However, this process of growth of "socialization" of private capital has its own internal limit, which is that any form of pooling of private capital should not cease to be a source of growth of private capital and personal wealth of members of modern society.
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Pavlov, P., and A. Kaukin. "Import substitution of investment goods in Russia." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 8 (August 20, 2017): 92–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2017-8-92-103.
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This paper investigates the sensitivity of the demand for imported capital goods to the influence of various factors of the investment dynamics with the aim to generate evidence-based recommendations for the import substitution policy in the Russian Federation. It provides a forecast of the dynamics of the demand for imported machinery, equipment, components and vehicles in various macroeconomic scenario conditions. The article estimates the influence of the EU and US sectoral sanctions on the volume of Russian imports of investment goods. We characterize different approaches to the import substitution policy in the Russian Federation and conditions for their implementation.
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Edwards, David J., and Gary D. Holt. "Protecting capital investment in plant and equipment: case study observations of post‐theft recovery." Journal of Financial Management of Property and Construction 13, no. 2 (August 22, 2008): 96–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13664380810898113.
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Pokrovskaya, N. V., and A. A. Razuvaeva. "Demand for tax instruments encouraging capital investment by Russian organizations." Finance and Credit 26, no. 8 (August 28, 2020): 1846–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/fc.26.8.1846.
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Subject. The article addresses tax incentives for capital investment in the framework of corporate income tax, and their effectiveness, estimated as the scale of application of incentive instruments. Objectives. We explore tax instruments intended to boost the investment activity of businesses in Russia, in the context of their demand by Russian organizations. Methods. To estimate the efficiency of tax incentives for boosting investment, we calculate absolute and relative values of reduction in the tax base, according to the data of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, the Federal Tax Service of Russia, and Rosstat, and the number of companies, using these tax instruments. Results. The set of tax incentives and preferences focused on stimulating the investment activity within the income tax is quite wide, however, their application imposes significant restrictions on taxpayers. The effectiveness of applied tax incentives remains rather low. A relatively modest number of organizations use early depreciation mechanisms for acquired fixed assets to reduce income tax. Bonus depreciation is more common, however, it is applied by a sufficiently low number of taxpayers, although to a significant proportion of newly entered items of property, plant and equipment. Accelerated depreciation, both the declining method of depreciation and increasing coefficients, are used less frequently than bonus depreciation. Conclusions. Prospects for expanding the investment activity of a business can be associated with investment tax deduction. Its effectiveness assessment is possible only in the medium term.
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Gritsenko, Serhii, and Mariia Volosjachyk. "Using of the Investment Marketing in the Formation of the Diversified Supply Chain Enterprises in the Realm of Clinical Research in Ukraine." Herald of the Economic Sciences of Ukraine, no. 1(38) (2020): 160–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.37405/1729-7206.2020.1(38).160-165.
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Using of the investment marketing in the formation of the diversified supply chain enterprises in the realm of clinical research in Ukraine contributes to solving the problem of capital attraction. The diversified supply chain provides an opportunity to compensate for the decline in market share of some pharmaceuticals by the increase in others. Thus diversified supply chain enterprises are more resilient and competitive, than highly specialized. The diversified supply chains have the opportunity, using the investment marketing tools to transfer capital to the most profitable industries. The use of marketing strategies can greatly enhance the effectiveness of efforts to attract capital to the diversified supply chains and able to ensure high ratio of profitability and risk for investors and lenders. The purpose of the article is to justify the need to introduce modern technologies and marketing and logistics tools for clinical investment attraction research and ensuring the necessary quality and efficiency. In this article proposes the ways of increasing the competitiveness of Ukraine in research and developments on the global pharmaceutical scene. Using of the investment marketing in the formation of the diversified supply chain enterprises in the realm of clinical research in Ukraine was substantiated. Clinical marketing logistics development opportunities in Ukraine were revealed. Features of innovations of logistics companies in medicine have been identified, that form of supply chain. The principles and the factors for investment decision-making were presented. Using of the investment marketing in the formation of the diversified supply chain enterprises in the realm of clinical research in Ukraine can significantly improve the efficiency of efforts to attract capital. The investment marketing allows for a demanding approach to identifying the best suppliers of capital and providing them with an incentive in the form of a higher ratio of profitability to risk.
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Fadli, Heru, Khumedi Ja'fa, and Iskandar Syukur. "REVIEW OF SHARIA ECONOMIC LAW ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MURABAHAH ACCOUNT AT MANDIRI SYARIAH BANK BANDAR LAMPUNG CITY." PRANATA HUKUM 16, no. 01 (January 31, 2021): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.36448/pranatahukum.v16i01.240.
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Ba'imurabahah is applied as a financing product to finance the purchase ofconsumer goods (consumption), working capital needs, and investment needs.Financing in the form of consumers (consumption) are asuch as the purchase ofvehicles, houses, and multipurpose goods (electronic goods, household equipment, and other consumer goods). For example, working capital financing to purchase paper raw materials for printing orders, mercantile inventory, raw material inventory, and capital goods, as well as unsustainable working capital. Likewise, financing for investment are such as to buy machinery and equipment for technological upgrades and updates. The Implementation of the MurabahahAgreement at Bank Mandiri Syariah, Bandar Lampung City was considered from the Perspective of Sharia Economic Law. In practice, Islamic Banks do not sell goods to customers, but Islamic Banks only provide an authorized amount of money to customers to buy goods for themselves. This seems as if the Islamic Bank does not want to take the risk, even though it should be the seller of the Islamic bank to be ready to face the risk of loss. Based on the results of this study, the implementation of the Murabahah Agreement at Bank Mandiri Syariah Bandar Lampung City did not fulfill one of the pillars of the contract.
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Patro, Epari Ritesh, Teegala Srinivasa Kishore, and Ali Torabi Haghighi. "Levelized Cost of Electricity Generation by Small Hydropower Projects under Clean Development Mechanism in India." Energies 15, no. 4 (February 17, 2022): 1473. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15041473.
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Contrary to conventional fossil fuel-based electricity generation technologies, renewable energy centered technologies, specifically small hydropower, release a lesser amount of anthropogenic greenhouse gases but are normally more expensive. A major segment of the capital investment in the current small hydropower scenario accounts for equipment and construction process costs. The construction and cost administration process are generally limited to analysis of the capital cost of civil constructions, electro-mechanical equipment works, neglecting the costs related to operating and maintaining the plant, replacement or refurbishment, certified emission reductions, among others. Contemporary studies indicate that these costs form a substantial fraction of the total capital investment. Consequently, for cost management and investment decision making, small hydropower plant developers are drawing increased attention in recent years towards conducting life cycle costing studies that take into account the ignored costs. In addition, small hydropower plants in developing nations can become more competitive by trading the emission reductions achieved under the provision of the Clean Development Mechanism, an outcome of the Kyoto Protocol proposed at the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. In this paper, a modest attempt has been made to determine the Levelized cost of electricity generation using life cycle costing methodology, which accounts for all the costs over operating lifetime on a range of small hydropower plants and the results are analyzed.
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Angsana, Kantama, Chaiwat Prapainainar, Phavanee Narataruksa, and Hupinnyo Piyapong. "Feasibility Study of Bio-Hydrogenated Diesel (BHD) Production: A Case Study in Thailand." Advanced Materials Research 931-932 (May 2014): 162–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.931-932.162.
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It founded that crude palm oil, CPO, could be changed to Bio-hydrogenated Diesel, BHD, which has a potential to replace the petroleum-derived diesel. Therefore, techno-economic feasibility of BHD production for Thailand was studied with a capacity of 1 million liters per day (MLD) of BHD. In this work, a conceptual design of BHD process was developed by using process simulator, ASPEN Plus. Calculation of mass and energy balance, equipment sizing and cost estimation in five major unit operations were performed. The total capital investment was calculated and used for economic analysis to estimate the return on investment, price value and payback period. The results showed that total capital investment cost was 174.34 millions USD with 1 MLD of BHD, PBP was 5 years with 17.02% ROI. BHD price of 1.16 USD/L.
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Lisin, Evgeny, Wadim Strielkowski, Ivan Komarov, and Ivan Garanin. "Improving the methodology of main power equipment choice for the gas turbine plants." Electronics ETF 19, no. 2 (July 15, 2016): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.7251/els1519080l.
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Our paper considers the problem of economic substantiation of the choice of the main power equipment at the stage of functional studies of investment projects in conditions of uncertainty and incompleteness of initial data. As a solution to the designated problem we suggest using the method of the best equipment for gas turbine power plant choice. The method is based on an optimality criterion of power equipment choice which allows us to determine the best solution for the gas turbine from the perspective of capital and operating costs minimizing.