Academic literature on the topic 'Capital tied up'
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Journal articles on the topic "Capital tied up"
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Hannan, Tasawar. "FACEBOOK ‘SELFICIDE’: ARE THEY MODERN-DAY TRAGIC ATTEMPTS OF OUR SYMBOLIC CAPITAL?" European Journal of Sociology 3, no. 1 (November 16, 2020): 22–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ejs.526.
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Purpose: This article addresses this novel area tied to social networking sites, like Facebook and our Symbolic Capital, claiming that Facebook activities like extreme selfies reflect the participants’ desire for honor or Symbolic Capital thus opening up a new connection between Facebook usage and Symbolic Capital. Methodology: This research methodology is based on qualitative data analysis from prior research activities, real world evidences, PWM of death incidents regarding extreme selfies, and finally, sociological and philosophical analysis of capitals from Pierre Bourdieu. Findings: We are proposing a correlation between our desire for Symbolic Capital (collecting honor, trophy, and pride) for taking extreme Facebook selfies, explained by the PWM (Prototype Willingness Model) behavior model.
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Mcbain, Richard. "Appreciating the Value of Human and Social Capital." Henley Manager Update 16, no. 3 (March 2005): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/174578660501600303.
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Much of the value of organisations is tied up in human and social capital. But how can we make these intangible assets more tangible and can we make this complex subject easier to understand? And once understood, how can managers set about enhancing human and social capital? Richard McBain explores the latest research from different organisational sectors to answer these questions.
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Herdinata, Christian, Cliff Kohardinata, and Meidiahna Kusuma. "Kebijakan Dan Strategi Pengelolaan Manajemen Modal Kerja." BIP's JURNAL BISNIS PERSPEKTIF 9, no. 2 (July 31, 2017): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.37477/bip.v9i2.45.
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Working capital (capital) ie cash, accounts receivable, inventory. Companies follow a working capital cycle. Some things related to this are: (1) the cash conversion cycle is how much time the funds are tied up in working capital or how much time between the payment for working capital and cash collection from the sale of working capital (Brigham and Houston, 2014 ); (2) the average collection period is the average time required to convert raw materials into finished goods and sell them (Brigham and Houston, 2014); (3) the average collection period is the average time required to change a company's receivables into cash or to collect cash after a sale; (4) the payable period (payables deferral period) is the average time between the purchase of raw materials and labor with cash payments. The results of this study explain the strategies and policies that can be used in medium-sized businesses.
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Otcenášková, Tereza, and Vladimír Bureš. "Self-assessment of intellectual capital in an organisation." Journal of Intellectual Capital 19, no. 2 (March 12, 2018): 387–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jic-12-2016-0135.
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Purpose Intellectual capital represents an integral part of evaluation in many companies. Applied methods do not consider three crucial aspects of intellectual capital, which are up-to-date research topics, dynamic nature, and internal perspective. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to propose a novel intellectual capital self-evaluation method, addressing this issue. Design/methodology/approach Analysis of topics is based on collocation, correspondence, and co-occurrence analyses. Method construction stage is grounded in knowledge processes and deploys a panel of expert evaluations, Saaty’s decision matrix, based on pairwise comparison and the stakeholders’ estimates. Findings A new method for evaluation enables complex internal view on the status of intellectual capital in an organisation, as it is based on up-to-date research topics, a self-evaluation approach, and the dynamics of knowledge processes. Research limitations/implications The list of applied criteria is extendable, and the set weights are adjusted. Estimates are subjective in their nature. Provided results are tied with the specifics of self-evaluated organisations and cannot be used for inter-organisational comparison. Practical implications Presented system enables organisational self-evaluation, focussed on the complex and dynamic internal view, based on up-to-date topics. Despite the limitations, this self-evaluation can be conducted for various types of economic systems. Originality/value Proposed method is patterned on the current research topics and offers dynamic- and internal-oriented approach to self-evaluation of intellectual capital status.
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Halla, Francos, and Walihi Mang’waru. "Implications of landed and tied-up capital on urban development: the unfinished and unoccupied buildings of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania." Habitat International 28, no. 3 (September 2004): 369–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0197-3975(03)00038-9.
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Houpt, Stefan, and Juan Carlos Rojo Cagigal. "Capital market integration in Spain? Introducing the Bilbao Stock Exchange, 1891-1936." Revista de Historia Económica / Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History 28, no. 3 (December 2010): 535–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0212610910000145.
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AbstractThis paper presents the first results of our most recent research on the Bilbao Stock Exchange (BSE) from its foundation in 1890 up to the Spanish Civil War. We examine the origin of the Exchange and follow its evolution over the first half-century of existence. To this end we introduce some of the stock exchange indexes we have calculated for Bilbao and put them into comparative perspective with the existing series on general economic and industrial activity and the indexes for other Spanish exchanges for the period considered. These comparisons show Bilbao’s evolution from a public debt-dominated market to an industrial exchange very much tied to regional development. Finally, we contrast the degree of financial market integration associated with the existing Spanish exchange indexes. Our analysis finds strong support for considering the BSE index as an industrial index and little evidence of capital market integration between the principal Spanish exchanges before the 1920s.
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Holmen, Martin, and Jonas Råsbrant. "Owner-managers’ equity portfolio choice." Corporate Ownership and Control 4, no. 1 (2006): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv4i1p3.
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Some studies have shown that managers concentrate large fractions of their wealth in the equity of their own firm. In this paper we use a unique dataset and investigate how Swedish owner-managers invest remaining wealth conditional on a major investment in their own firm. We find no evidence that owner-managers seek diversification benefits when they invest remaining wealth. Instead some owner-managers invest remaining wealth in the industry where they already have a substantial capital investment. We conclude that some owner-managers seek to exploit their industry-specific superior information when they invest wealth not tied up in their own firms
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Buzałek, Przemysław, and Iwona Dorota Czechowska. "Effect of capital conversion in the form of a reverse mortgage on benefits for senior citizens in major cities of Poland." Finanse i Prawo Finansowe 1, no. 25 (March 31, 2020): 11–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/2391-6478.1.25.02.
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The aging of population is a common problem in the modern economy and finance. Reverse mortgage is one of alternative ways of raising citizens’ standard of living after retiring by obtaining financial benefits accumulated in a residential property. The aim of the study is to evaluate a role of equity release service in providing additional household income for senior citizens illustrated by the case of a reverse mortgage. This type of service consists in transformation of non-liquid, tied-up in property capital into liquid financial resources. Thanks to capital conversion, senior citizens can supplement retirement benefits without a need to leave their property. The research hypothesis verified in the study stated that benefits paid as equity release in the form of a reverse mortgage provided greater support for women than for men. That hypothesis was rejected.
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Hakkarainen, Kari, and Tapani Talonen. "The Innovation Funnel Fallacy." International Journal of Innovation Science 6, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1757-2223.6.2.63.
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The traditional innovation process - consisting of a funnel coupled with project screening - suffers from several practical shortcomings and flaws. Overemphasis on the role of early stages, such as idea generation, overshadows subsequent phases of equal importance. The drive to feed as many ideas as possible into the funnel may cause congestion that slows down overall progress. Furthermore, the yield may be of low quality if ineffective gates allow too many infertile ideas to pass through the funnel. Processes may be inflexible and slow to react, especially if tied to the corporate planning calendar as often proposed. This is not to imply that these problems are inherent; they are instead the consequences of poor practices.The authors discuss the disadvantages and suggest an alternative to overcome them. The proposed approach is driven by strategic business options and also introduces additional benefits. It produces savings in sunk costs and prematurely tied-up capital. It contributes to effective and economical use of resources, because a company commits irrevocably to only one step at a time. Lastly, options enable, and by their very nature even demand, active and adaptive management.
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Chattopadhyay, Soumyadip. "Social Sector Expenditure in India in the 2000s: Trends and Implications." Journal of Development Policy and Practice 3, no. 1 (December 26, 2017): 16–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2455133317740449.
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Acknowledging the contribution of social infrastructure towards building up human capital, this article analyses the trend and pattern of social sector expenditure in India in the 2000s. Rhetorical commitment of successive Indian governments towards inclusive social development and poverty alleviation in the 2000s has not been backed up by adequate financial allocations and this has merely served to maintain the status quo on social sector spending. The new pattern of tax shares between the centre and states has resulted in higher inflow of ‘untied fund’ from the central government accompanied by lower allocations of ‘tied fund’. Subsequently, states have not exhibited any definitive sign of using their newly accrued fiscal autonomy to prioritise social sector expenditure. Along with greater public investment for development of human resources, this article emphasises on the need for appropriate monitoring and evaluation framework, and change in the budget making policy with greater involvement of people directly affected by changes in public policies related to social sector.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Capital tied up"
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Ladekrans, Christian, and Niclas Leinmark. "Analysis of tied up capital at Rejmes Lastvagnar." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-138691.
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Detta examensarbete har utförts vid Linköpings Tekniska Högskola och Tage Rejmes Lastvagnar AB i Norrköping under vårterminen 2016. Tage Rejmes Lastvagnar AB säljer och reparerar lastvagnar och bussar samt erbjuder leasing från företagets lokaler i Butängen, Norrköping. Branschen ställer höga krav på servicenivåer och flexibilitet kopplat till verksamhetens reparation och service av lastbilar, varpå behov av lagerhållna artiklar uppstår för företaget. Majoriteten av dessa artiklar köps in från en enskild leverantör som ensamt styr prognostisering av efterfrågan och inköpskvantiteter. Förändringar i företagets omsättning och förändringar i leverantörens beställningssystem har skapat en ökad kapitalbindning på Tage Rejmes Lastvagnar ABs lager under de senaste åren. Denna studie har därför genom datainsamling, observationer och intervjuer jämfört det nuvarande beställningssystemet med teoretiska modeller, och genom artikelklassificering föreslagit alternativa tillvägagångssätt för företagets lagerstyrning. Resultatet av ABC-klassificeringen som utförts har kategoriserat företagets artiklar baserat på dess efterfrågan och volymvärde, varpå en differentiering av servicenivån för dessa kategorier gör att kapitalbindningen kan sänkas. Artiklar med låg efterfrågan och höga priser blir i det nya systemet beställningsvaror till priset av en sänkt servicenivå. Studiens analys visar dock att förändrade partiformningar kan öka det totala antalet transporter från beställaren, vilket i sig kan resultera i både en ökad miljöpåverkan och förhöjda orderkostnader.
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Kiani, Amirkiarash. "Study of Tied-up Capital Level in Supply Chain in Vehicle Sector." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Ingenjörshögskolan, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-16641.
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In vehicle industry, it has been trends towards focusing on pull-basedsystems and elimination of waste (Lean), which decrease the tied-up capitallevel in the focal factory. Research by Holweg & Miemczyk (2002)showed that the relevant supply chain has low inventory level in the focalfactory, but at upstream and especially downstream; the tied-up capitallevel is dramatically higher in comparison to the focal factory.By conducting research and extensive literature reviews, this volatilityof tied-up capital level has been studied and analysed with regard topush and pull systems. As the three main causes of this unevenness; bullwhipeffect, CODP position in supply chain and intensity level of supplierrelationship have been identified and explained.As a practical solution for decreasing the tied-up capital level of finishedvehicles, implementation of centralised warehouse structure hasbeen suggested and discussed.Moreover, as an application of game theory in logistics, iterated prisoners’dilemma has been discussed as the base for a progressive relationshipwith suppliers (upgrading to win-win game) which is requisite for the successof pull-based supply chains.Program: BSc in Industrial Engineering - International Business Engineering
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Redzanovic, Naida, and Laura Hadzic. "Working Capital Management : En studie av SME:s inom fordonsindustrin." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-39678.
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Denna kvalitativa studie syftar till att få en djupare förståelse för hur små- till medelstora företag inom fordonsindustrin arbetar med Working Capital Management och hur användbara teorier kopplade till rörelsekapital är inom praktiken. Working Capital Management, som på svenska innebär styrning av rörelsekapitalet, syftar till att hitta en effektiv balans mellan rörelsekapitalets olika delar. Datainsamling till studien har skett via primära och sekundära källor, där de primära källorna är intervjuer och de sekundära tidigare empiriska studier samt tryckta källor. Fyra bolag som uppfyllt studiens krav har valts ut där två utav respondenterna var VD för respektive bolag och de andra två ekonomichefer. Intervjufrågorna baserades på den teoretiska referensramen där den empiriska datan sedan sammanställdes. Utifrån den teoretiska referensramen och den empiriska datan analyserades huruvida teorierna stämde överens med samtliga bolag. Slutsatsen av den här studien är att bolagen påverkas mycket av de större aktörerna inom fordonsindustrin vilket styr deras arbete med Working Capital Management. Däremot påverkas de olika mycket beroende på vilka kredittider bolagen har. Bolagen styrs också mycket av andra externa faktorer, där ett dotterbolag är mer styrt från övriga koncernen än vad ett moderbolag är. Slutligen kan arbetet med Working Capital Management ses som en påverkande faktor i bolagens val av finansiering, där bolagens tankesätt ligger mest i enlighet med POT.
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Wennberg, Johannes, Ajdin Mlivic, and Ville Melgén. "Analys av en Aluminiumprofils Flödesväg : Reducerad Kapitalbindning och Kapitalkostnad på Profilgruppen Extrusions AB." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-76125.
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This bachelor thesis was composed by the initiative of a large aluminium profile producer in southern Sweden. Together, the authors and the company analyzed and mapped the current production flow of a selected item. The lead time and total output for a selected article was determined in order to examine the possibility of reducing the amount of tied up capital and related costs. Findings showed that reducing tied up capital and associated costs could be done through adjustment of production layout, production efficiency as well as alterations of produced quantities. By combining these three proposals for improvement, an overall recommendation for future course of action for the company was composed.Bakgrund: Det problem som utgör grunden för uppsatsen är förankrat i ProfilGruppens osäkerhet gällande vart i en artikels flödesväg kapitalbindning uppstår. Flödesvägar anses kunna ha onödiga delprocesser, samtidigt som använd lager- samt produktionskvantitet inte är teoretiskt förankrad. Potentiellt skulle kapitalbindning och kapitalkostnad kunna reduceras genom analys av dessa aspekter. Syfte: Uppsatsens syfte är att utreda förbättringsmöjligheter i termer av reducerad kapitalbindning och kapitalkostnad inom en typartikels flödesväg. Metod: Studien följer en kombination av de kvalitativa och kvantitativa forskningsstrategierna. Arbetet präglas av ett positivistiskt synsätt, eftersom målet är att nå en kvantitativ reduktion av företagets kostnader. Samtidigt är uppsatsen en fallstudie, en design tätt kopplad till kvalitativ forskning. Studien utmärks av ett ständig förhållande till teoretisk relevans, i syfte att kunna applicera genomförd analys på andra företag försatta i liknande situation. Slutsats: Forskningens resultat visar att tre av de fyra analyserade förbättringsförslagen är av intresse att implementera i företagets verksamhet. Genom att kombinera samtliga förslag till en sammanställd rekommendation presenteras en övergripande framtida handlingsplan för ProfilGruppen att vidta.
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Petersson, Ann-Marie, and Susanne Thörn. "Kassaflöde och Kapitalbindning. En studie av vilka åtgärder och faktorer som vägs in i beslutssituationer i bygg- och anläggningsbranschen." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2361.
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Background: Today there are high claims on organizations to show a positive economic view. To satisfy the demands and expectations from interested parties it is very important to carefully plan the companies tied up capital and cash flows.
Purpose: The purpose with the thesis is to describe what actions organizations take to resolve the conflict between showing a positive cash flow and the need to tie up capital.The purpose is also to explain the different factors that must be considered when making decisions regarding cash flow and capital tied up.
Method: A qualitative study of the actions and factors wich must be considered when decisions in swedish construction companies are made regarding cash flow and capital tied up.
Results: A model of the factors and actions that affect cash flow and capital tied up in projects. This is based on a a priori-model, wich can be used to describe and explain relations in the construction industry.
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Karlsson, Madelene, and Sandra Hagevall. "Effektiviserad lagerhantering av reservdelar för minskad kapitalbindning." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Industriell ekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-30295.
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Spare parts are, for many companies, a complex product to logistically handle. This is in part due to the varying characteristics and sporadic demand patterns of spare parts. Obstacles can often arise when companies utilize the same approach to their spare parts stock as they do with their general warehouse manufacturing inventory. By using the same approach, companies risk neglecting the widespread variation of the spare parts. With the help of established routines, a clear set of guidelines and factors, the chances of a successful handling of spare parts inventory is increased. The study is a qualitative case study with the purpose of identifying specific factors and to make recommendations of models for companies to take into account when evaluating and storing spare parts. Through unstructured/semi-structured interviews conducted with four case company employees, information was gathered which was used to assist in identifying these specific factors and models for companies. A theoretical frame of reference was produced through analyzing research articles and was compared to the compiled empirical data in an analysis. The departments within the case study based their work on single factor which were considered important for each specific department, without inter-departmental communication. The factors that were identified in the study include service, competitive advantage, tied up capital, size capacity, complexity, sales frequency and material. Four of these were considered to be a priority for the case company. The study showed that different models for spare parts management and outsourcing could be implemented in the case company. By integrating the different models for spare parts management and outsourcing, combined with communication, a new model has been proposed for handling the spare parts storage.Reservdelar är för många företag en komplex produkt att hantera utifrån dess varierande egenskaper och sporadiska efterfrågemönster. Problematiken härstammar ofta från att många företag hanterar reservdelslager utifrån samma förutsättningar som dess allmänna lagerhantering, därigenom försummas reservdelarnas olika egenskaper. Förutbestämda riktlinjer och faktorer krävs vid hantering av reservdelar och en viktig komponent för att lyckas med detta är kommunikation. Arbetet är en kvalitativ fallstudie med syftet att ta fram faktorer och rekommendationer av modeller att ta hänsyn till vid värdering och lagerhantering av reservdelar. För att besvara syftet och frågeställningarna utfördes ostrukturerade/semistrukturerade intervjuer med fyra medarbetare på fallföretaget. En teoretisk referensram togs fram genom litteratursökningar som sedan ställdes i en jämförelse mot den sammanställda empirin i en analys. Studien visade att de olika avdelningarna på fallföretaget främst utgått från en enda faktor som ansetts vara viktig för den specifika avdelningen. Utifrån de framtagna faktorerna i studien; service, konkurrensfördel, kapitalbindning, fyllnadsgrad, komplexitet, försäljningsfrekvens och material, ansågs fyra av dessa vara av prioritet för fallföretaget. Studien visade att olika modeller för reservdelshantering och outsourcing skulle kunna implementeras på fallföretaget. Genom att integrera de olika modellerna för reservdelshantering och outsourcing, kombinerat med kommunikation, har en ny modell föreslagits för hantering av reservdelslager.
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Bolsöy, Alfred, Marcus Thelin, and Nils Håkansson. "Lageromsättning i EMS-branschen : En fallstudie om kund- och leverantörsförhållanden." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Industriell ekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-27905.
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Most producing companies aim to reduce tied up capital, which is meant to increase inventory turnover. In this study, an EMS (Electronic manufacturing service) -company, a contract manufacturer, will be studied. The company does not own the products themselves, but is a service company that manufactures to customers. The business has a problem that existed for a long period of time, they have a low inventory turnover among their component inventory. The company therefore wants to increase its inventory turnover in order to reduce its tied-up capital. The aim is to develop knowledge about supplier and customer relationships that affect the stock turnover rate in component stocks. In order to make calculations, it is profitable for the company to order materials multiple times for increased inventory turnover or fewer times to keep down the order cost. Case study is based on qualitative data in the form of interviews and observations. A large part of this study is also based on quantitative data from the company's MRP (material requirements planning) system. The literature is based on articles that deals with key concepts such as EOQ (economic order quantity), customer and supplier relationships. The conclusion of this study suggests that the company should use EOQ to reduce overall order cost while reducing the tied-up capital.
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Svensson, Gustav, and Jesper Nilsson. "Sänka bundet kapital i ett mellanlager : -En studie utförd i syfte att finna orsaken till varför lager bildas för att därefter presentera en eller flera åtgärder som bidrar till minskat bundet kapital i lager." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Industriell organisation och produktion, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-41535.
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Purpose – Globalization affects all producing companies with increased complexity in production, stock management and never ending customer demands. The customers of today have a greater range of suppliers than before with even more products to choose from which puts the customer in a strong position. One of many important subjects that companies need to work with to keep their competitiveness strong against each other is to work with continuous improvements in production- and inventory management. This study therefore reviews tied up capital in stock and suggest adequate procedures, which could be applied to decrease the tied up capital. Method –In order to fulfil the purpose a case study is conducted. Two central research questions are chosen for the study to investigate in a case company. The data collected contains of secondary data, observations and interviews. To accomplish the purpose a theoretical framework has been put together. Findings – Reducing variations in production and re-designing of the daily production plan is presented as the two procedures with the purpose to achieve a decrease in tied up capital for stock kept units. The study describes these two procedures in general in order to make the solution applicable into various manufacturing company. Further the study claims that gaining flow efficiency should be prioritized instead of resource efficiency, which could be accomplished by the two procedures. Implications – The study contributes to verifying production theories, foremost about variations in production, Lean manufacturing and the technique of Lead-time mapping. Limitations – In order to apply the procedures with precision and efficiency some further data and extended studies needs to be performed. This study is performed in a generalizing point of view, which may influence the results. The study does not capture every aspect of affecting circumstances that might be needed for a successful implementation of suggested procedures. Keywords – Tied up capital, Lead-time, Lean, Lead-time mapping, Variations, Flow efficiency, Postponement, Just-in-Time, Make-to-stock and Make-to-order.Syfte – Globaliseringen har gjort att kunden har ett högre utbud att välja mellan och kan därmed ställa högre krav på tillverkande verksamheter. För att fortsatt vara konkurrenskraftig måste verksamheter ständigt utveckla den interna produktion- och materialstyrningen. Studiens ämnar därmed undersöka orsaken till uppkomsten av bundet kapital i lager samt finna potentiella åtgärder som kan vidtas inom verksamheten för att på ett hållbart sätt minska bundet kapital i lager. Metod – För att uppfylla studiens syfte tillämpas fallstudie. Studien utgår från två frågeställningar som besvaras med hjälp av data från ett fallföretag. Data som samlas är hämtad från sekundärdata, observationer och intervjuer. Därtill har ett teoretiskt ramverk upprättats vilken studien utgår ifrån. Resultat – Minska variationer samt utförande av en mer detaljerad planering presenteras som studiens två åtgärdsförslag för att minska bundet kapital i lager. Studien beskriver övergripande potentiella tillvägagångssätt för att åstadkomma förslagen. Studien konstaterar att flödeseffektivitet med fördel bör prioriteras framför resurseffektiviteten i verksamheten, vilket uppfylls med hjälp av åtgärdsförslagen. Implikationer – Studien bidrar inte till nya teorier men verifierar befintliga teorier främst kring variationer i tillverkning, Lean och ledtidskartläggning. Begränsningar – För att åtgärdsförslagen i studiens resultat ska kunna tillämpas krävs ytterligare data och fördjupade studier för att garantera att samtliga aspekter ska fångas in samt att orsak och påverkan av åtgärderna ska kunna kartläggas. Studien bygger på generaliserande antaganden vilket ger ett generaliserat resultat. Nyckelord – Lean, Ledtid, Ledtidskartläggning, Variationer, Flödeseffektivitet, Senareläggning, Just-in-Time, Make-to-order och Bundet kapital.
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Lidner, Beatrice, and Emilia Grenstadius. "Optimeringsmetod för färdigvarulager : En fallstudie hos Emballator Växjöplast." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-76400.
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Uppsatsen undersöker hur Emballator Växjöplast prioriterar och resonerar kring aspekterna volymutnyttjande, plocktid, säkerhet, kapitalbindning och servicenivå vid optimering av deras färdigvarulager. Författarna kom fram till följande slutsats: Fallföretaget prioriterar säkerhet högst för att skydda individen Servicenivå prioriteras efter säkerhet då de arbetar kundfokuserat. Efter servicenivå prioriteras volymutnyttjande för att minska sin externlagring. Plocktid prioriteras efter volymutnyttjande där målsättningen är att undvika nyanställningar. Sist prioriteras kapitalbindning då denna inte är fokus för logistikfunktionen. Vidare undersöker författarna hur en multi-criteria optimization av aspekterna vid optimering av färdigvarulagret kan gå till. Författarna kommer fram till följande slutsatser: The main criteria method är bäst lämpad optimeringsmetod. Volymutnyttjande ska minimeras givet att resterande aspekter uppfyller respektive bivillkor. De flesta förvaringsmetoder och artikelplaceringar uppfyller aspekternas bivillkor Bäst lämpad förvaringsmetod och artikelplacering grundas därför på vilken som möjliggör bäst volymutnyttjande. Slutligen utvärderas Emballator Växjöplasts nuvarande färdigvarulager sett till aspekterna utifrån analysen för frågeställning 2. Här presenteras även kortsiktiga och långsiktiga förbättringsförslag. Författarna kom fram till följande slutsats: Deras nuvarande förpackning, förvaringsmetod samt artikelplacering tillgodoser respektive bivillkor men kan förbättras sett till the main criteria, volymutnyttjande. Ett kortsiktigt förbättringsförslag genom att utföra en liknande artikelplacering på bättre sätt kan upp till 38-57 fler pallar rymmas på färdigvarulagret. Ett långsiktigt förbättringsförslag genom att kombinera traditionella pallställage och drive-through eller push-back-hyllor, kan totala antal pallplatser på färdigvarulagret öka med 18,4 %.The essay examines how Emballator Växjöplast prioritize and reason among the aspects safety, service level, utilization rate, order picking time and capital tied up in inventory when optimizing their finished goods warehouse. The authors came to the following conclusion: Firstly, they prioritize safety the highest to protect the individuals within the warehouse. Service level is prioritized secondly because they operate with a customer focus. After service level utilization rate is prioritized to lower their need for external storage. Order picking time is prioritized after utilization rate with the goal to avoid the need for employing more operators within the warehouse. Lastly capital tied up in inventory is prioritized because the aspect is not in focus for the logistics department. Moreover, the authors investigate how multi-criteria optimization as an optimization method can be used when optimizing a finished goods warehouse considering several contradictive aspects and the conclusion is: The main criteria method is best suited in optimization method. Utilization rate is the main criteria and the other aspects are constraints. The majority of storage systems and storage assignment policy are within the constraints. The best storage systems and storage assignment policy is therefore mainly determined by the main criteria. Lastly a discussion regarding the finished goods warehouse is held and both short term and long term improvements regarding the aspects are presented. The conclusions made by the authors are as follows: Their current packaging, storage systems and storage assignment policy is sufficient in terms of the different constraints but the main criteria can be improved. Short term improvements are to use a similar storage assignment policy in a better way and enable room for 38-57 more pallets in the finished goods warehouse. Long term improvements are to improve both storage assignment policy and the storage system. By combining traditional racks with some other storage system such as drive-through or push-back-shelves the number of pallets that can fit within the warehouse can increase by 18,4%.
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Lindgren, Johan, and Linus Näslund. "Batch eller Print-on-demand? : En analys kring för- och nackdelar med make to stock och make to order vid outsourcad print on demand av böcker." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för Industriell utveckling, IT och Samhällsbyggnad, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-22046.
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Mossberg (1998) bekräftar att batch-baserad logstik inom bokbranschen har flertalet negativa konsekvenser. Mossberg (1998) skriver följande; ”ETT PÅGÅENDE RESURSSLÖSERI De osålda böckerna drar på sig transport- och lagerkostnader… …överskottet -- inte sällan mer än halva upplagan! -- makuleras inom en treårsperiod. Bortsett från det stötande i detta resursslöseri bidrar förfarandet till att den svenska bokmarknaden har fått den ’’färskvaruprägel’’ som tidigare berörts -- och som innebär en tidsmässig begränsning av den svenskspråkiga litteraturen.” (Mossberg, 1998) Mossbergs (1998) iakttagelser stödjer även de observationer vi gjort på fallföretaget. Detta är också grunden till vårt projekt där vi bidrar till ett mera effektivt och hållbart arbetssätt hos en av Sveriges största ekonomiboksproducenter. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka vilka fördelar som enligt teorin kan uppnås vid en övergång från en batch-baserad till en print-on-demand baserad logistikhantering av böcker. Målet är att presentera rekommendationer för beslutsfattande och framtida strategi för fallföretaget, men också för att hjälpa andra företag med liknande krav och behov. Denna fallstudie genomförs på ett svenskt företag där man i huvudsak arbetar med kundservice/support till företag som använder sig av deras bokföringsprogram och servicetjänster. En viktig del i deras tjänst innebär publicering samt e-försäljning av informationsböcker. Vi har dock kunnat se att ytterst lite görs för att förbättra sin kvalitet inom detta område. Vår undersökning visar att fallföretaget sammantaget skulle vinna flera fördelar genom att använda sig utav en print-on-demand-lösning. Detta eftersom man skulle förbättra sin kvalitet i alla de avseenden vi fokuserat på, med en lägre totalkostnad, ingen kapitalbindning och en minskad påverkan på miljön.Mossberg (1998) confirms that batch-based logistics in the book industry has several negative consequences. Mossberg (1998) writes the following; "AN ONGOING WASTE OF RESOURCES The unsold books are incurring transportation and inventory costs ... ... surplus - often more than half the recipients edition! -- canceled within three years. Aside from the offensive in this waste of resources, this procedure contributes to the fact that the Swedish book market has got the '' fresh character '' as mentioned earlier -- and as entails a temporal limitation of the Swedish-language literature" (Mossberg, 1998) Mossberg's (1998) findings also support the observations we have made in this study. This constitutes the foundation of this survey, where we contributes for a more effective and sustainable operation at one of Sweden's largest economy book producers. The purpose of this study is to examine the advantages and disadvantages that come with make-to-stock and a batch based logistics management of books. But also to identify the advantages that, according to the theory, can be achieved in a transition to make-to-order with a print-on-demand solution. The goal is to present recommendations for decision-making and future strategy for the company where this study took place, as well as to help other companies with similar needs and requirements. This case study is conducted at a Swedish company which essentially work with customer service / support to businesses using their accounting software and services. An important part of their service means publishing as well as e-books sale of information books. We have noticed that little is done to improve their efficiency and quality in this area. Our study shows that this company would gain several benefits by making use out of a print-on-demand solution. This because it would improve their quality in all respects we’ve focused on, with a lower total cost, no tied up capital and en reduced environmental impact.
Books on the topic "Capital tied up"
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Guthrie, Graeme. With one hand tied behind their back. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190641184.003.0008.
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This chapter uses the New York cable television provider Cablevision to describe the way in which boards can delegate some of the task of monitoring management to participants in external capital markets. Unlike a firm’s current shareholders, who have little say over how their funds are allocated, external capital markets provide their funds only if the investment returns are adequate. This chapter shows how managers of firms with substantial cash-generating assets in place can use the collateral that these assets provide to weaken the discipline of external capital markets. It shows how their ability to do this is restricted if the board authorizes share repurchases or special dividends funded by increased borrowing, as these replace “soft” payouts to shareholders with “hard” payouts to bondholders. Managers’ ability to exploit collateral is further restricted if the board uses spinoffs to break up the firm’s internal capital market.
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Simon, Gleeson. Part I The Elements of Bank Financial Supervision, 4 The Composition of Bank Capital. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198793410.003.0004.
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This chapter discusses the concept of bank capital. The essence of regulatory capital requirements as originally conceived was to procure that banks had sufficient capital to absorb both expected and unexpected losses. However, recent market developments have indicated two different but important functions of capital. Going Concern Capital is that capital which can absorb losses, both when the firm is in a state of financial health and during periods of financial stress, thus maintaining market confidence in the financial system and avoiding disruption to depositors. Gone Concern Capital is that capital which absorbs losses on the failure of a firm, protecting depositors in a winding up or resolution. The remainder of the chapter covers Tier 1 and Tier 2 capital; deductions; bank holdings in banking, financial, and insurance entities; provisioning, expected loss and revaluation; and capital monitoring.
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Epstein, Rachel A. Catching Up in the Global Economy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198809968.003.0004.
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This chapter examines the developmental consequences of highly marketized bank–state ties in East Central Europe. The literature suggests that catching up in the global economy requires—among other things—access to capital and control over its allocation. East Central Europe, as a region, therefore, is not poised to catch up with its West European counterparts, measured in terms of income convergence. But this chapter also highlights why not all, or even most, of the post-communist countries would be well-served by asserting more political control over their banks. Measures of domestic banks’ risk containment and credit provision through the US and European economic crises show which countries had the institutional and ideational wherewithal to deploy their banks for political goals. While domestically controlled banks in Poland and Hungary served as countercyclical stabilizers, their counterparts in Latvia, Slovenia, and Bulgaria did outright damage to their economies.
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Griffith-Jones, Stephany, María Luz Martínez Sola, and Javiera Petersen Muga. The Role of CORFO in Chile’s Development. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827948.003.0006.
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CORFO was one of the first national development banks in Latin America, and played a decisive role in Chile’s national development strategy. In recent decades, its relative scale has diminished significantly. Its financial support currently represents only 1% of Chile’s GDP and has switched from giving credit directly to becoming a second-tier institution whose main instruments are not loans but guarantees. Its support for strategic sectors has been decisive to incentivize innovative, value-added activities, such as the Start-Up programme or renewable energy projects. Nonetheless, its limited scale severely reduces its potential ability to transform Chile’s economy or deploy a countercyclical role in a crisis scenario. This study suggests that CORFO could take advantage of Chile’s mature capital market, by raising additional funds through bond issues.
Book chapters on the topic "Capital tied up"
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Brown, Phillip. "The High Tide." In The Death of Human Capital?, 31–46. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190644307.003.0003.
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This chapter examines the enduring appeal of orthodox human capital theory. It looks at the reasons why, in the life cycles of theories, it reached its high tide before the global financial crisis in 2007 but continues to enjoy widespread policy appeal. The chapter illustrates two closely related themes brought together in the 1980s which gave some credence to Becker’s claim that the world had entered an “age of human capital.” The first describes the political ascendency of neoliberalism, which shares common ground with Becker’s economic approach. The second shows that what made neoliberalism a viable, if inherently flawed approach to public policy was the idea of a fundamental transformation in economic organization, wherein human capital is viewed as the most important driver of economic development. This chapter also considers how these themes were taken up and developed into an international framework of human capital development, perpetuating the view that education and the skills upgrading of the workforce remain the key to individual prosperity, improved productivity, and economic growth.
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Ghosh, Atish R., Jonathan D. Ostry, and Mahvash S. Qureshi. "Regulating Capital Flows: A Historical Perspective." In Taming the Tide of Capital Flows. The MIT Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262037167.003.0002.
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This chapter summarizes how thinking about capital flows and their management has evolved in both policymaking and academic circles. Many advanced economies used restrictions on capital inflows for prudential purposes—even as they pursued financial liberalization more broadly—until the 1980s, when capital account restrictions began to be swept away as part of broader liberalization efforts. Likewise, many emerging markets that had inflow controls for prudential reasons dismantled them when liberalizing domestic financial markets and controls over outflows. That the use of capital controls as a means of managing inflows is often viewed with suspicion may be partly a “guilt by association” with outflow controls and exchange restrictions. Historically, these have been more prevalent and more intensive, and their purpose has been to prop up authoritarian regimes or poor macroeconomic policies, often affecting both current and capital transactions.
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Ghosh, Atish R., Jonathan D. Ostry, and Mahvash S. Qureshi. "Concluding Thoughts." In Taming the Tide of Capital Flows. The MIT Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262037167.003.0012.
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This concluding chapter argues that the policy makers' vade mecum laid out in the previous chapter raises broader issues for the global monetary system. Notwithstanding the fact that some of the emerging markets may have liberalized their capital accounts prematurely, it questions whether emerging markets have further to gain from opening up, or indeed whether they would not be better off retaining restrictions on at least the riskiest forms of foreign liabilities and transactions. This is particularly pertinent since most of these countries do not enjoy the liquidity insurance provided by swap facilities let alone the reserve currency status. They are forced to self-insure through reserve accumulation, which is costly both to the country and to the international monetary system. Alternative forms of insurance could arguably yield favorable benefit–cost trade-offs, particularly if they result in a safer mix of flows that makes economies less prone to risks from changes in global push factors.
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Wisniewski, Piotr. "The Management and Performance of Social Media Initial Public Offerings (IPOs)." In Analyzing the Strategic Role of Social Networking in Firm Growth and Productivity, 1–21. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0559-4.ch001.
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Social media companies have increasingly used global stock exchanges to raise fresh capital needed to expand and commercialise their business models. Despite the soaring proliferation of social media interactions and improving economic fundamentals, many of the high-profile IPOs have underperformed on debut and in secondary trading. This chapter seeks to identify success and failure factors of social media stock market flotations from the operational, industrial and financial perspectives. The research features flagship social media IPOs comprised by the most representative social media Exchange Traded Fund (ETF), the Global X Social Media Index ETF (SOCL), which replicates the price and return performance of the globally recognised Solactive Social Media Total Return Index. The analysis sums up the early evidence of IPO organisation with regard to social media issuers and posits three decisive factors in this process related to: flotation timing, pricing and pre-IPO business integration. The research offers some practical recommendations for future social media IPOs as well as directions for further academic studies at the interface of social media industrial, economic and capital market activity. The following takeaways concerning social media IPOs emerge from the study: 1) Staging and timing: social media companies should mull flotations when a clear-cut path toward cash generation and accrual profits is observable (chronically cash deficient and unprofitable social media tend to underperform on debut and in post-IPO trading) and amid protracted bull markets so as to raise the odds of a propitious IPO climate; 2) Organisation and management: the success of social media going public decisions is a function of seamless IPO organisation (including conservative pricing, share dilution tied to envisaged liquidity and capital expenditure as well as trading and clearing system reliability); 3) Issuer characteristics: social media IPOs are facilitated by businesses commanding a dominant position on the home market, having a diversified core business (including exposure to non-media operations), coming on the stock market either as industry trendsetters or in the wake of successfully executed IPO benchmarks; 4) Factor coalescence: no isolated factor discussed in this chapter can fully explain the performance of a social media IPO – it is rather their combination and interconnectivity that can comprehensively attest to the success or failure of a going public strategy employed by a social media company. From the investment standpoint, the case study analysis demonstrates that a case-by-case (rather than sectoral) approach needs to be adopted for investors seeking to derive gains from social media IPOs, as passive exposure to the entire industry (e.g. via index tracking) is not per se a guarantor of market competitive investment performance.
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Vejby, Mara. "Enduring Past: Megalithic Tombs of Brittany and the Roman Occupation in Western France." In The Lives of Prehistoric Monuments in Iron Age, Roman, and Medieval Europe. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198724605.003.0016.
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The extended lives of prehistoric monuments, whether or not they were interacted with once their initial phase of use had ended and how they were treated, can reveal valuable details about a culture. To interact with a place means that the action or influence is reciprocal. The individual, or group of individuals, is somehow affected by the physical contact they’ve had with the site, and the place in turn has been altered. Interactions are more than just reuse of a space. In fact, missing pieces of monuments’ biographies, evidence of subsequent use and treatment, are details that may tell us how a people dealt with their own past as well as that of others. The focus of this study is a region in which the biographies of a group of monuments appear to be intimately tied to clashing cultures during the Roman occupation: Morbihan, Brittany. Brittany is the westernmost province of France, roughly 30 kilometres north-west of the mouth of the Loire river, and extending over 200 kilometres westward into the Celtic Sea. The south-easternmost department of this province is Morbihan, which makes up over 6,800 square kilometres and centres on the Gulf of Morbihan, a few kilometres south of Vannes (Darioritum), the Roman-period civitas-capital of the Veneti. Darioritum was not only a port for commercial ships, but was also on the major road network connecting the Coriosolitae (Corseul), Osismes (Carhaix-Plouguer) and Namnetes (Nantes) civitates (Galliou and Jones 1991, 77, 81, 84). Evidence found in a thorough survey of Iron Age and Roman materials at megalithic tombs in Atlantic Europe revealed that Brittany is by far the region with the highest concentration of direct Roman period interactions, despite both the distribution of megalithic tombs across the peninsula and subsequent habitation patterns during the Iron Age and Roman periods (Scarre 2011, 29–33; Vejby 2012) . It also revealed that this activity is a major shift from the comparatively low number of megalithic tombs at which Iron Age materials have been found.
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Thomas, Brychan Celfyn. "Organizational Ecosystems." In Innovation and Social Capital in Organizational Ecosystems, 23–42. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7721-8.ch002.
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The aim of this chapter is to compile an up-to-date and academically grounded study into organizational ecosystems in terms of innovation and social capital dimensions. The authors are concerned with the dimensions of innovation involving traditionally measured forms of innovation, hidden innovation and social innovation, and social capital including collaboration, cooperation, as well as bridging and bonding social capital and network ties. The methodology used involved systems model formulation following the stages of the identification of the main structures, relationships and components, model building, development of an evolved organizational ecosystem model, and analysis of the model. The research question addressed the question, What are the main components of organizational ecosystems in terms of innovation and social capital dimensions? The contribution of the chapter is to bring together findings on the characteristics of organizational ecosystems in terms of the dimensions of innovation, and social capital including trust, collaboration, cooperation, and social network ties.
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Murphy, Lyndon John. "Social Capital and Innovation." In Innovation and Social Capital in Organizational Ecosystems, 1–22. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7721-8.ch001.
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There is a considerable body of literature available to aid understanding of the concept of social capital and the identification of its presence. Overall objectives and mission of the chapter are to compile an up-to-date and academically grounded study providing a theoretical perspective taking into consideration the theories, concepts and processes in the area of social capital and innovation. The methodology used involves the construction of a conceptual framework regarding theories, concepts and processes. This involved a thematic analysis of social capital, innovation, and related concepts. The qualitative method for building the conceptual framework involved phenomena linked to the multidisciplinary body of work in the areas of social capital and innovation. The potential contribution of the chapter has been to bring together findings on the facets of social capital which are generally acknowledged to include trust, collaboration, cooperation, as well as bridging and bonding social network ties, and reciprocity, in terms of innovation.
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Górniak, Katarzyna. "Działania organizacji społecznych wobec osób biednych i wykluczonych społecznie – odbudowywanie czy tworzenie sieci społecznych." In Więzi społeczne, sieci społeczne w perspektywie procesów inkluzji i wykluczenia społecznego. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/7969-483-9.10.
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Social/non-governmental organizations are one of important social actors operating in the field of poverty and social exclusion and taking active part in the discourse pertaining to these issues. Traditionally they are expected to undertake actions that support and facilitate „getting out of poverty”, including rebuilding social ties. Therefore, the purpose of my paper is to examine how contemporary non-governmental organizations see their own role in the context of constructing definitions of poverty and exclusion, in particular in relation to the task of equipping the beneficiaries of their activities with this important capital of ties and social relations. I analyze the extent to which this role is defined as a particular interface connecting the poor with the society and its networks, opening them up to new challenges and experience, rebuilding the world of belonging (ties), and how much it is perceived as an independent system that offers alternative solutions and rules of the game, creating its own social network, which in consequence can result in rendering the social ties/networks a barrier to the process of inclusion. Niklas Luhmann’s perspective and structure of analytical categories will be helpful in responding to these questions. It will allow me to describe the mechanisms of reconstructing and/or forming social ties within the framework of action of social organizations.
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Watt, Gary. "6. Public policy limitations on the formation of trusts." In Equity & Trusts Law Directions, 127–49. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198804703.003.0006.
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Without assuming prior legal knowledge, books in the Directions series introduce and guide readers through key points of law and legal debate. Questions, diagrams and exercises help readers to engage fully with each subject and check their understanding as they progress. If a person sets up a trust to protect himself from creditors in case of insolvency, the trust will be void. Public policy does not permit private trusts to defeat public interests. In addition to a trust prejudicing one’s creditors, other examples of trusts that are void on grounds of public policy are trusts that promote racial or sexual prejudice, trusts which tie up wealth for too long, trusts that restrain marriage and ‘sham’ trusts. This chapter, which focuses on public policy limitations on the formation of trusts, first outlines the rules against perpetuities, the rule against remoteness of vesting, the rule against inalienability of capital and the rules against perpetuity and charities. It then considers private trusts, a breach of the rules against perpetuity and excessive accumulation of income, situations in which a trust designed to shield assets from creditors will and will not be void, the Perpetuities and Accumulations Act 1964, proposals for reform of the rules against perpetuities and gifts subject to conditions.
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Watt, Gary. "6. Public policy limitations on the formation of trusts." In Equity & Trusts Law Directions, 126–48. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198869382.003.0006.
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Without assuming prior legal knowledge, books in the Directions series introduce and guide readers through key points of law and legal debate. Questions, diagrams and exercises help readers to engage fully with each subject and check their understanding as they progress. If a person sets up a trust to protect himself from creditors in case of insolvency, the trust will be void. Public policy does not permit private trusts to defeat public interests. In addition to a trust prejudicing one’s creditors, other examples of trusts that are void on grounds of public policy are trusts that promote racial or sexual prejudice, trusts which tie up wealth for too long, trusts that restrain marriage and ‘sham’ trusts. This chapter, which focuses on public policy limitations on the formation of trusts, first outlines the rules against perpetuities, the rule against remoteness of vesting, the rule against inalienability of capital and the rules against perpetuity and charities. It then considers private trusts, a breach of the rules against perpetuity and excessive accumulation of income, situations in which a trust designed to shield assets from creditors will and will not be void, the Perpetuities and Accumulations Act 1964, proposals for reform of the rules against perpetuities and gifts subject to conditions.
Conference papers on the topic "Capital tied up"
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Căpraru, Mădălina. "TRADITIONAL CULTURAL CAPITAL ELEMENTS IN ADVERTISING – CASE STUDY: NAPOLACT AND COVALACT." In NORDSCI International Conference. SAIMA Consult Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/nordsci2020/b2/v3/08.
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The advertising of Romanian brands has known a sterling `invasion` of traditional themed messages. One of the most prominent adverts belongs to the `Undelemn de la Bunica` brand, which took off in the 1998. The creators of this brand were the ones that set a trend of using traditional themed messages in the field of advertising. The communist era has forced a fake, populist traditional image to justify its political discourse. In a society fed up with such traditional populist messages, a new brand that uses the idyllic `Bunica (Grandma)` appears. `Undelemn de la Bunica` brings forth the childhood existence of the grandmother that makes food better than `mama makes it`, using only natural and trustworthy ingredients Even though the basic message was not clearly traditional, the `bunica` was closely linked to the world of the typical Romanian grandmother, with ties to traditions, rituals and, most importantly, to the rural world. `Bunica` has started a race of `authenticity` in publicity, race in which other brands like `Boromir`, `Pate Ardealul`, `Napolact`, `Covalact` and so on, entered. From the years of 2000, the national brands’ marketing messages have begun to introduce new and more complex traditional symbols in their communication strategies. Good examples of such elements are the usage of the collocations `tradițional (traditional)`, `ca la țară (from the rural village)’, of images or symbols from the local folklore ornamentics, of brand characters which `conjure` tradition. The main purpose of this paper is to identify the relations between traditional cultural capital elements, the brand’s communication efforts and the receiving public. For the research conducted in this article, two local dairy brands, with tradition in Romania, have been chosen. The data analyzed is collected from secondary sources.
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Gasparetto, Vinicius, Thierry Hernalsteens, Joao Francisco Fleck Heck Britto, Joab Flavio Araujo Leao, Thiago Duarte Fonseca Dos Santos, and Ricardo Caldeira De Oliveira. "Optimization Applied to Buzios Flexible Riser Systems and Subsea Layout." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/30972-ms.
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Abstract Buzios is a super-giant ultra-deep-water pre-salt oil and gas field located in the Santos Basin off Brazil's Southeastern coast. There are four production systems already installed in the field. Designed to use flexible pipes to tie back the production and injection wells to the FPSOs (Floating Production Storage and Offloading), these systems have taken advantage from several lessons learned in the previous projects installed by Petrobras in Santos Basin pre-salt areas since 2010. This knowledge, combined with advances in flexible pipe technology, use of long-term contracts and early engagement with suppliers, made it possible to optimize the field development, minimizing the risks and reducing the capital expenditure (CAPEX) initially planned. This paper presents the first four Buzios subsea system developments, highlighting some of the technological achievements applied in the field, as the first wide application of 8" Internal Diameter (ID) flexible production pipes for ultra-deep water, leading to faster ramp-ups and higher production flowrates. It describes how the supply chain strategy provided flexibility to cover the remaining project uncertainties, and reports the optimizations carried out in flexible riser systems and subsea layouts. The flexible risers, usually installed in lazy wave configurations at such water depths, were optimized reducing the total buoyancy necessary. For water injection and service lines, the buoyancy modules were completely removed, and thus the lines were installed in a free-hanging configuration. Riser configuration optimizations promoted a drop of around 25% on total riser CAPEX and allowed the riser anchor position to be placed closer to the floating production unit, promoting opportunities for reducing the subsea tieback lengths. Standardization of pipe specifications and the riser configurations allowed the projects to exchange the lines, increasing flexibility and avoiding riser interference in a scenario with multiple suppliers. Furthermore, Buzios was the first ultra-deep-water project to install a flexible line, riser, and flowline, with fully Controlled Annulus Solution (CAS). This system, developed by TechnipFMC, allows pipe integrity management from the topside, which reduces subsea inspections. As an outcome of the technological improvements and the optimizations applied to the Buzios subsea system, a vast reduction in subsea CAPEX it was achieved, with a swift production ramp-up.