Academic literature on the topic 'Capitalization effects'
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Journal articles on the topic "Capitalization effects"
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Hendershott, Patric H., and Bengt Turner. "Estimating constant-quality capitalization rates and capitalization effects of below market financing." Journal of Property Research 16, no. 2 (1999): 109–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/095999199368175.
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Triki Damak, Sana. "Research and development accounting treatment: effects of CEO characteristics and corporate governance mechanisms." International Journal of Accounting and Economics Studies 5, no. 2 (2017): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijaes.v5i2.8091.
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This study aims to examine empirically the influence of Chief Executive Officer (CEO) characteristics and corporate governance mechanisms on Research and Development (R&D) capitalization in France.Using data drawn from a sample of non-financial firms listed in SBF 120, this study provides empirical evidence for the influence of CEO characteristics and audit quality on R&D capitalization. As results, we find that R&D capitalization is likely to be increased in firms managed by younger managers, CEOs with higher ownership, shorter tenure and higher educational level. Also, R&D capitalization is likely to be increased in firms with lower audit quality, in higher leveraged firms, in less performed and larger firms.This study offers insights to investors and accounting standard setters interested about the subject of R&D capitalization determinants. Importantly, it confirms that some CEO characteristics and corporate governance mechanisms are likely to affect the CEO’s behavior regarding the R&D accounting treatment.
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Lee, Sang, Matthew Alford, John Cresson, and Lara Gardner. "The Effects of Information Communication Technology on Stock Market Capitalization: A Panel Data Analysis." Business and Economic Research 7, no. 1 (2017): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ber.v7i1.10936.
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The level of investment in information communication technologies (ICT) that may affect stock market capitalization varies substantially across countries. Using data on 81 countries from 1998 to 2014, we use a country-fixed effects model to estimate the relationship between ICTs and stock market capitalization. Our empirical model is built on the premise that (1) increased deployment of ICT allows financial market participants to make more informed decisions at reduced inherent risks associated with deficient information or uncertainty in financial markets; and (2) increased access to and use of information communication technologies is expected to improve a country's economic fundamentals. The empirical results support our hypothesis that ICT expansions are positively associated with stock market capitalization.
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Ruf, Martin, and Dirk Schindler. "Debt Shifting and Thin-Capitalization Rules – German Experience and Alternative Approaches." Nordic Tax Journal 2015, no. 1 (2015): 17–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntaxj-2015-0002.
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Abstract This paper presents the general design of thin-capitalization rules and summarizes the economic effects of such rules as identified in theoretical models. We review empirical studies providing evidence on the experience with (German) thin-capitalization rules as well as on the adjustment of German multinationals to foreign thin-capitalization rules. Special emphasis is given to the development in Germany, because Germany went a long way in limiting interest deductibility by enacting a drastic change in its thin-capitalization rules in 2008, and because superb German data on multinational finance allows for testing several aspects consistently. We then discuss the experience of the Nordic countries with thin-capitalization rules. Briefly reviewing potential alternatives as well, we believe that the arm’s-length principle is administratively too costly and impracticable, whereas we argue that controlled-foreign-company rules might be another promising avenue for limiting internal debt shifting. Fundamental tax reforms towards a system with either "allowance for corporate equity" (ACE) or a "comprehensive business income tax" (CBIT) should also eliminate any thin-capitalization incentive.
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Vallée, Boris. "Contingent Capital Trigger Effects: Evidence from Liability Management Exercises." Review of Corporate Finance Studies 8, no. 2 (2019): 235–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rcfs/cfz004.
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AbstractThis paper studies liability management exercises (LME) by banks, which have comparable regulatory capital effects than contingent capital triggers. LMEs are concentrated on low capitalization situations, both in the cross-section and in the time series and are frequently associated with equity issuances. These exercises prove effective at improving bank capitalization levels. The market reaction to LMEs is positive and mostly accrues to debt holders. These findings strengthen the case for innovative liabilities securities as a tool to improve bank resilience.Received February 8, 2019; editorial decision May 16, 2019 by Editor Andrew Ellul. Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
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Witchel, Harry J., Georgina A. Thompson, Christopher I. Jones, et al. "Spelling Errors and Shouting Capitalization Lead to Additive Penalties to Trustworthiness of Online Health Information: Randomized Experiment With Laypersons." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 6 (2020): e15171. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/15171.
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Background The written format and literacy competence of screen-based texts can interfere with the perceived trustworthiness of health information in online forums, independent of the semantic content. Unlike in professional content, the format in unmoderated forums can regularly hint at incivility, perceived as deliberate rudeness or casual disregard toward the reader, for example, through spelling errors and unnecessary emphatic capitalization of whole words (online shouting). Objective This study aimed to quantify the comparative effects of spelling errors and inappropriate capitalization on ratings of trustworthiness independently of lay insight and to determine whether these changes act synergistically or additively on the ratings. Methods In web-based experiments, 301 UK-recruited participants rated 36 randomized short stimulus excerpts (in the format of information from an unmoderated health forum about multiple sclerosis) for trustworthiness using a semantic differential slider. A total of 9 control excerpts were compared with matching error-containing excerpts. Each matching error-containing excerpt included 5 instances of misspelling, or 5 instances of inappropriate capitalization (shouting), or a combination of 5 misspelling plus 5 inappropriate capitalization errors. Data were analyzed in a linear mixed effects model. Results The mean trustworthiness ratings of the control excerpts ranged from 32.59 to 62.31 (rating scale 0-100). Compared with the control excerpts, excerpts containing only misspellings were rated as being 8.86 points less trustworthy, those containing inappropriate capitalization were rated as 6.41 points less trustworthy, and those containing the combination of misspelling and capitalization were rated as 14.33 points less trustworthy (P<.001 for all). Misspelling and inappropriate capitalization show an additive effect. Conclusions Distinct indicators of incivility independently and additively penalize the perceived trustworthiness of online text independently of lay insight, eliciting a medium effect size.
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Durbach, I., D. Katshunga, and H. Parker. "Community structure and centrality effects in the South African company network." South African Journal of Business Management 44, no. 2 (2013): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v44i2.154.
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This paper conducts a search for community structure in the South African company network, a social network whose elements are South African companies listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange. Companies are connected in this network if they share one or more directors on their respective boards. Discovered clusters, called communities, can be considered to be compartments of the network working relatively independently of one another, making their distribution and composition of some interest. We test whether the discovered communities of companies are (a) statistically significant, and (b) related to other attributes such as sector membership or market capitalization. We also investigate the relationship between the centrality of a company’s position in the network and its market capitalization.
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Gouin, Jean-Philippe, Warren C. Caldwell, Sasha L. MacNeil, and Charlotte M. Roddick. "Respiratory sinus arrhythmia reactivity moderates within-person associations of daily capitalization with positive affect and relationship quality." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 36, no. 9 (2018): 2896–917. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407518804669.
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Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) has been conceptualized as a biomarker of a neurophysiological system supporting social behaviors. Capitalization, the interpersonal process of sharing positive experiences with close others, has been associated with improved intrapersonal and interpersonal functioning. The present study examined whether RSA moderated the within-person associations of daily capitalization with positive affect and relationship quality. Participants ( N = 149) completed an electrocardiogram recording during a resting baseline and a worry induction period, as well as a 14-day daily diary assessment of capitalization, positive affect, and relationship quality. Results indicated that RSA reactivity moderated the within-person effects of daily capitalization on positive affect and relationship quality. On days when they did not capitalize, individuals with higher RSA reactivity experienced lower positive affect and poorer relationship quality than their counterparts with lower RSA reactivity. In contrast, no significant differences were observed between participants with lower and higher RSA reactivity on days when they capitalized. These results provide further evidence that RSA reactivity shapes sensitivity to social context, including one’s responses to the lack of usual capitalization interactions.
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Garvey, Philip M., Martin T. Pietrucha, and Donald Meeker. "Effects of Font and Capitalization on Legibility of Guide Signs." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1605, no. 1 (1997): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1605-09.
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The research objective was to improve highway guide sign legibility by replacing the 40-year-old guide sign font with a new font called Clearview. It was believed that the current guide sign font’s thick stroke design, made with high-brightness materials and displayed to older vehicle operators, exhibited a phenomenon known as irradiation or halation. Irradiation becomes a problem if a stroke is so bright that it visually bleeds into the character’s open spaces, creating a blobbing effect that reduces legibility. The Clearview font’s wider open spaces allow irradiation without decreasing the distance at which the alphabet is legible. Results are presented of two daytime and two nighttime controlled field experiments that exposed 48 older drivers to high-brightness guide signs displaying either the current or the Clearview font. The Clearview font allowed nighttime recognition distances 16 percent greater than those allowed by the Standard Highway Series E(M) font, without increasing overall sign dimensions.
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Golub, Aaron, Subhrajit Guhathakurta, and Bharath Sollapuram. "Spatial and Temporal Capitalization Effects of Light Rail in Phoenix." Journal of Planning Education and Research 32, no. 4 (2012): 415–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0739456x12455523.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Capitalization effects"
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Graham, Barbara Elizabeth Anne. "Capitalization effects of creative mortgage financing." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/24397.
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This thesis studies the impact of creative financing on single family house prices, focussing on instruments such as Agreements-for-Sale, assumed mortgages and vendor-financed loans. Benefits from financing at below-market interest rates are expected to be capitalized into higher sale prices of houses, however, the literature is not clear on the appropriate adjustment. If the purchase price of houses increased by an amount equal to the present value of the payment savings, there would be no direct benefit for purchasers and they would effectively be using a financing scheme similar to a graduated payment mortgage.
A Canadian sample of housing transactions has been used, specifically in the Lower Mainland area of British Columbia between 1980 and 1982. The sample was selected to include home sales at different price levels and during different periods of market activity. In this way, the capitalization effect of creative financing instruments could be tested at different house price levels and market conditions, as well as for alternative types of creative funds.
Creative financing arrangements can be classified as institutional or non-institutional depending on the loan origination source, and it was hypothesized that assumption loans (institutional origination) would be properly capitalized in the price while vendor-financed loans (non-institutional origination) would be overcapitalized in house prices. The reason for the dual pricing response hinges on the discount rate used to calculate the benefit of below-market financing; it should be higher for vendor-financed loans due to the higher costs in loan origination and servicing for the seller as compared to a financial intermediary.
The results indicated that assumption loans were properly capitalized in the price of single family homes as the coefficient of the creative financing variable assumed a value of approximately 1. The vendor-financed sample revealed that the benefit for below-market financing was overcapitalized in the price as the coefficient
was generally in excess of 3. The research suggests that the market interest rate is not the appropriate discount rate to use in deriving the benefit from vendor-financed loans and possibly a higher rate should be used. This is an area which requires further study. A sample of house sales which includes information on the secondary yields of vendor-financing from sellers to other mortgage market participants should help to identify the true market rate for these non-institutional loans and provide for a more precise calculation of the present value of the payment savings in the case of vendor-financed loans.<br>Business, Sauder School of<br>Real Estate Division<br>Graduate
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Zhang, Pei. "Experience capitalization to support inventive design studies." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAD002.
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L'expérience joue un rôle crucial dans la résolution de problèmes. Dans les activités inventives de résolution de problèmes, l’expérience est composée de deux parties : l’une est le savoir-faire spécifique acquis dans la pratique de la résolution de problèmes passés, l’autre est la connaissance supplémentaire provenant d’autres domaines dans lesquels la résolution de problèmes a déjà été acquise et est utilisée pour résoudre. Cette thèse propose une nouvelle façon de résoudre des problèmes d’invention en capitalisant l’expérience tirée d’activités de résolution de problèmes antérieures. La première contribution est basée sur l'utilisation du raisonnement à partir de cas pour collecter et accéder rapidement aux expériences. La deuxième contribution consiste à proposer une nouvelle façon de classer les effets physiques basé sur l'utilisation de Wikipédia. Pour mettre en œuvre l'approche proposée dans la thèse, une application Web appelée CBRID (Raisonnement à partir de cas pour la Conception Inventive) est développée. Par ailleurs, nous avons mené une série d’expériences pour évaluer notre approche en termes d’efficacité et d’efficience<br>Experience plays a crucial role in the resolution of problems. When in inventive problem solving activities, experience is composed of two parts: one is the specific know-how knowledge acquired in the practice of solving previous problems, the other is the additional knowledge from other domains where the problem solver is previously acquired and is used for problem solving. This thesis aims at proposing a new way to solve new inventive problems by capitalizing experience obtained from past problem solving activities. The first contribution is based on the use of the case-based reasoning for collecting and rapidly accessing the experiences. The second contribution consists in proposing a new way to classify the physical effects using Wikipedia. To implement the proposed approach, a web-based application called CBRID (Case-based reasoning for Inventive Design) is developed. A particular case of ''cloth hanger'' is studied to illustrate the problem solving process based on the proposed approach. In addition to that, we conducted a set of experiments to evaluate our approach in terms of effectiveness and efficiency
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Walker, Jerry V. III. "Effects of a brief character strengths intervention| A comparison of capitalization and compensation models." Thesis, The Florida State University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3612520.
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<p> The purpose of this study was to investigate the differential effects of the Capitalization vs. Compensation model applied to a brief, group-based intervention that focused on Character Strengths, as defined by Peterson and Seligman (2004). Traditional Character Strengths interventions in Positive Psychology apply a Capitalization model, in which individuals engage their top-ranked strengths of character, and this approach has amassed substantial empirical support. However, it is not known whether a Compensation model, in which individuals engage their bottom-ranked strengths, can offer similar benefits. One hundred and eighty-seven employees from eighteen small organizations were randomized at the group level to receive one of four psychoeducational interventions: Top Strengths, Bottom Strengths, Placebo (behavioral health), or a delayed-treatment Control. Participants completed the VIA Survey of Character Strengths and a pre-treatment battery of outcome measures that assessed both positive psychological variables, such as life satisfaction and psychological well-being, and negative life functioning variables, such as depression and negative affect. Post-treatment outcome measures and a compliance measure were completed approximately one month following the psychoeducational presentations. Results revealed few differences between experimental conditions for most measures; however, participants in the Bottom Strengths condition experienced a decrease in symptom distress and an increase in emotional well-being relative to those in the Placebo and Control conditions. Regression analyses revealed several interesting relationships between Character Strengths and outcome measures, with implications for applications in multiple fields. A discussion of methods to strengthen brief group-based interventions, as well as the future direction of Character Strengths interventions, concludes the paper.</p>
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Zahirovic-Herbert, Velma. "School Quality, House Prices, and Liquidity: The Effects of Public School Reform in Baton Rouge." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2007. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/econ_diss/30.
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After a court imposed desegregation plan ended in 1996, the Baton Rouge, Louisiana school district created neighborhood attendance zones for its schools, followed by a series of attendance zone changes. We use data from 1994 to 2002 to examine the impact of changes in school characteristics on simultaneous determination of house prices and liquidity in the market. A simultaneous equations model of sales price and tine-on-market is adopted that extends the hedonic price model by controlling for localized neighborhood market conditions. Our empirical results show that improving and declining school performance can have asymmetric capitalization effects. Further, as indicated by the search-market model, liquidity absorbs part of the capitalization of school quality; for example, declining school performance prolongs houses’ marketing time.
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Destefano, Leonard G. "Commercial mortgage market liquidity and its effect on capitalization rates." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1395.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.<br>Bachelors<br>Business Administration<br>Real Estate
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Mourato, Pedro. "How differently do our non-large companies listed on the Portuguese stock exchange perform?" Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/9905.
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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Economics from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics<br>Behind the glamour of the largest and more mature companies listed on Stock Exchanges all
over the world there is a much larger segment of companies also listed that tend to perform
differently from the most visible ones. This visibility is also magnified by the fact that those large
companies are part of the sample indices computed for most markets in order to translate the
entire listed market with a small but manageable sample of companies.
However, on many exchanges new indices have been created to place the different segments of
the remaining listed market – micro, small and medium capitalization companies – under the
spotlight of investors. This not only brings more visibility to these non-large firms, but also
contributes to improving the liquidity of these companies and, more importantly, to uncovering the
so-called Size Effect. Through the construction of a new MidCap share Index, this work aims to
bring visibility to our companies that are not included in the PSI20 Index and check the existence
of the above mentioned Size Effect in our market.
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Ramos, López Alexis Juan de Dios. "Efecto de la capitalización y tamaño de las instituciones financieras sobre el riesgo de liquidez en Perú para los años 2013-2019." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/653658.
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El presente trabajo investiga el efecto presente del tamaño y la capitalización de las instituciones financieras sobre el riesgo de liquidez medido de dos maneras: el ratio LTD, créditos/depósitos, y el que brinda la SBS, activos líquidos/pasivos de corto plazo, se toma en cuenta 34 instituciones financieras con datos de frecuencia mensual para los años 2013-2019 en Perú. Para propósito de la investigación se utiliza una regresión panel de efectos fijos para capturar el efecto conjunto, posteriormente se desagrega la muestra por tipo de institución financiera para evaluar el impacto desagregado de las variables por especialización bancaria. Los resultados muestran que ambas variables tienen un efecto directo (LTD) e inverso (RL) con el riesgo de liquidez, sin embargo, en cuanto a la capitalización el efecto no es el esperado, incluso cuando se desagrega por la especialización bancaria.
El trabajo está dividido en 6 secciones: (1) introducción, (2) marco teórico donde se aborda al sistema financiero y el análisis de los estudios previos, (3) los objetivos e hipótesis de la investigación, (4) la presentación y análisis de los datos, (5) los resultados, la metodología empleada y el análisis con los estudios previos, y por último (6) las conclusiones del presente trabajo.<br>This paper investigates the present effect of the size and capitalization of financial institutions on liquidity risk measured in two ways: the LTD ratio (loans / deposits), and the one provided by the SBS (liquid assets / short-term liabilities). 34 institutions are taken into account with monthly frequency data for the years 2013-2019 in Peru. For the purpose of the research, a fixed effects panel regression is used to capture the joint effect, then the sample is disaggregated by type of financial institution to evaluate the disaggregated impact of the variables by banking specialization. The results show that both variables have a direct (LTD) and inverse (RL) effect with liquidity risk, however, regarding capitalization, the effect is not as expected, even when broken down by bank specialization.
The paper is divided into 6 sections: (1) introduction, (2) theoretical framework, where the financial system and the analysis of previous studies are addressed, (3) the objectives and hypotheses of the research, (4) the presentation and analysis of the data, (5) the results, the methodology used and the analysis with the previous studies, and finally (6) the conclusions of the present paper.<br>Trabajo de investigación
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Pauly, Dennis Nikolas [Verfasser], Guido [Akademischer Betreuer] Nottbusch, Guido [Gutachter] Nottbusch, and Eva [Gutachter] Belke. "The effect of noun capitalization when reading German and English / Dennis Nikolas Pauly ; Gutachter: Guido Nottbusch, Eva Belke ; Betreuer: Guido Nottbusch." Potsdam : Universität Potsdam, 2021. http://d-nb.info/122950396X/34.
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Alberternst, Stephan, and Caren Sureth-Sloane. "The Effect of Taxes on Corporate Financing Decisions - Evidence from the German Interest Barrier." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, Universität Wien, 2015. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4884/1/SSRN%2Did2563572.pdf.
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The literature suggests that when taking tax effects into account, debt ought to be preferable
to equity. Thus, with all else being equal, levered firms are expected to show higher firm values.
However, there are no uniform predictions of the size of this tax benefit from interest deductibility
nor on the effect of changes in interest deductibility. We believe that the German corporate tax reform
in 2008, which introduced an interest barrier, can serve as a promising "quasiexperiment" to investigate the effects from a reform of interest deductibility. A study of this reform on the basis of German financial statement data is of general interest because, first, similar interest barriers have been introduced in several countries and proposed by the OECD to fight BEPS. Second, the major
characteristics of the German tax system can be regarded as representative for most European and major Asian countries. Third, single entity financial statements for German companies allows us to capture tax and capital structure details that have not been available in most prior studies. With significance at the 5% level, we find evidence that the companies that are affected by the interest barrier reduce their leverage by 4.7 percentage points more than companies that are not affected by the interest barrier. We are the first to employ a detailed matching approach to the underlying rich dataset, which enables us to overcome several limitations of previous studies. Our results imply that capital structure reactions most likely have been underestimated in previous studies.<br>Series: WU International Taxation Research Paper Series
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Wang, Tsui Ying, and 王翠霙. "A study of the capitalization effects from local public services on housing price." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/68777527134693913591.
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碩士<br>逢甲大學<br>建築及都市計畫研究所<br>81<br>According to the Tiebout hypothesis, people seek for a ba-
lance between the level of local services and tax burden.If
this point of view is acceptable, the level of the entire
local ser- vices makes a notable impact on individual''s
selection of his residential location. In fact, the benefit
from the local ser- vices are determined within a limited
range of standard public goods. Hence, the benefit shared
differ among the various resi- dential districts. In other
words, the quality of local services have a great effect on
the demand of the housing price. The higher the level of
local services are, the greater the effects are. Nevertheless,
the local services are proposed according to the government
decree, it doesn''t exist in the practical trading market. The
increasing effects can''t be estimated with the usual cost or
income approach. It is termed positive capitalization effects
if the housing price increases. As a result, the positive
capitalization effects are found. The level of local service
shows positively correlated with the housing price. However it
differs from locations、 the charac- teristics of the
neighborhood unit sand the elements of the time in Taichung
City. It also differs according to the development of the
interjurisdiction location; the capitalization effects in the
higher developed Western District is comparatively lower than
the less developed Northern District.
Book chapters on the topic "Capitalization effects"
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Akbulut, Destan Halit. "The Effects of Operating Leases Capitalization on Financial Statements and Accounting Ratios: A Literature Survey." In Eurasian Studies in Business and Economics. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54112-9_1.
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Yinger, John. "Capitalization and Equalization: The Feedback Effects of Foundation Aid for Schools." In Poverty and Proficiency. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789811201615_0015.
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Sett, Kiranjit, and Debabrata Mukhopadhyay. "The Role of Market Sentiment in Stock Price Movements." In Handbook of Research on Globalization, Investment, and Growth-Implications of Confidence and Governance. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8274-0.ch002.
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In an efficient capital market, the prices of securities always fully reflect all available information implying that prices always reflect the fundamental values. When there is under reaction or over reaction to new information, competition among the arbitrageurs quickly brings the price of an asset back to its fair value. But, if the asymmetry of information about a stock is high and there is a ‘limit to arbitrage', sentiment of the noise traders is likely to influence the price of that stock. This chapter aims at studying the role of market sentiment, during the period which starts with June 2003 and ends with July 2011, in influencing the return from investment in small capitalization stocks listed on Indian stock exchanges. We have found the presence of ARCH (1) in the time series on returns. Market sentiment, rate of interest and inflation are found to have significant influence on return from investment in small capitalization stocks. The presence of month effects in returns from such stocks has also been detected.
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Öz, Semih N. "International Tax Competition and Its Reflections in Turkey." In Handbook of Research on Public Finance in Europe and the MENA Region. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0053-7.ch009.
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International tax competition has been significantly increased since 1980s as a result of liberalized financial and fiscal policies, while this leads sovereign nations faced budgetary deficit problems and public finance related considerations. This paper aims to analyze how Turkish tax system is affected by international tax competition, services submitted by tax havens and facilities used by multinationals. In 2006, a new Corporate Income Tax Law was introduced in Turkey. One of its purposes is to combat against harmful tax competition and therefore it covered defensive measures such as controlled foreign company (CFC), thin capitalization rule and transfer pricing regulation, to prevent companies from leaving their income abroad. This study aims to analyze effects of international tax competition in Turkey whether there are change in tax rates, tax structure, and tax revenue; and how the government respond it, as a beneficiary; or, a loser.
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Kalra, Aashish, and Vinode B. Ramgopal. "Capitalizing the world." In Handbook of BRICS and Emerging Economies. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827535.003.0006.
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In capital-poor economies, redistributing what little capital there is can leave everyone poorer. In such societies, the challenge of getting capital to the poor can seem truly hopeless. Capitalization of public sector especially in the context of public–private partnerships can be crucial. India’s case shows that India did not jump on the bandwagon of privatization in the early 1990s. Increasing capitalization in India seen from the capital account suggests that the multiplier effect of capital on economic growth must be significant. Capitalization is a powerful mechanism to rebuild institutional authority. It capitalizes the bottom of the pyramid in a bold singular act; however, many challenges remain.
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Yu, Liguo. "E-Commerce Models, Players, and Its Future." In Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fourth Edition. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2255-3.ch238.
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This chapter describes e-commerce, a trading business built on top of the Internet. Different e-commerce models, such as B2B, B2C, C2C, and their major players are described. E-commerce companies like Amazon and Alibaba, are used to explain the effect of e-commerce on our economy, society, and beyond. GMV, MAU, market capitalization, and other business data are presented and analyzed. Influential factors, such as user retention, government policy, payment method, and logistics are also discussed. Finally, the emerging e-commerce model, emerging e-commerce market, and the future of e-commerce are illustrated.
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Yu, Liguo. "E-Commerce Models, Players, and Its Future." In Advances in Marketing, Customer Relationship Management, and E-Services. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7766-9.ch015.
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This chapter describes e-commerce, a trading business built on top of the internet. Different e-commerce models, such as B2B, B2C, C2C, and their major players are described. E-commerce companies like Amazon and Alibaba are used to explain the effect of e-commerce on the economy, society, and beyond. GMV, MAU, market capitalization, and other business data are presented and analyzed. Influential factors, such as user retention, government policy, payment method, and logistics, are also discussed. Finally, the emerging e-commerce model, emerging e-commerce market, and the future of e-commerce are illustrated.
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Bleoju, Gianita, Alexandru Capatina, Marius Geru, and Bogdan Pana. "Entrepreneurial Initiative to Develop a Web-Based Knowledge Hub." In Key Challenges and Opportunities in Web Entrepreneurship. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2466-3.ch003.
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Extracting, use and reuse of knowledge from academic specific environment (embedded knowledge of interactional processes as intangible asset) is becoming a challenge for actionable knowledge initiatives to enhance academic expertise based on educational technology. This chapter addresses a web entrepreneurial initiative concretized in a knowledge hub, whose architecture is articulated on four dimensions of any business model innovation: content-new activities, structure-new linkages, context-new markets and governance-network partnerships. The multi framing hub construct, enhancing new knowledge creation and protection, aims at facilitating the capitalization upon academic-business partnerships and further instantiating the multiplication effect through upgrading knowledge-based environments. Its methodology ambition – to become a self-sustainable platform – will allow an experimental adjustment of the self-learning capability in order to monitor and develop mechanisms for early diagnosis and to adjust the dissonances arising from interactional process in building new knowledge.
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Mohamad, Mohammad Taqiuddin, and Munazza Saeed. "Does Inter-Bank Investments Restraints Financing Performance of Islamic Banks?" In Advanced Methodologies and Technologies in Business Operations and Management. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7362-3.ch003.
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The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of interbank investment and changes in monetary policy on financing behavior of Islamic banks in Malaysia. The change occurring in bank specifications and changes in monetary policy will lead financial authorities generally, banking management specifically, to make modifications on financing. In order to achieve the objective, this study employs a panel data estimation of 17 Malaysian banks for the period of 1994-2014. Findings revealed that the pattern and behavior of Islamic banking in offering financing is influenced by the investment in interbank investment and also by the factors such as level of past financing, the exposure to risk, size and structure of the capitalization level. While for monetary policy factor, financing behavior of Islamic banking is influenced by Malaysian government securities (MGS). Next to the economic environment, the study showed no significant relationship to the behavior of the Malaysian Islamic banking financing.
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Volkov, Yury G. "New Social Elevators in the Regional Space." In Russia in Reform: Year-Book [collection of scientific articles]. Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/ezheg.2020.6.
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The problem of new social elevators in Russian society has entered the public space and has become abdiscussion space not only for the expert community, but also for practical managers. It is obvious that the social class and socio-territorial (spatial) barriers to upward social mobility generate abmultiplicative effect of social stagnation. According to the author of the article, new social elevators in the regional space are mechanisms of upward social mobility of subjects of the regional space (volunteer movements, social networks, subcultural practices), focused on changes in social status positions according to the criteria of social utility, social creativity, and social self-determination. Applying the principles of the resource approach (volume of capital, diversity capital, resource potential regional space, resursoemkost regional elite and non-elite actors of the regional space) on the basis of the results of all-Russian and regional sociological researches devoted to different aspects of the problem, it is concluded that the formation of abnew social mobility is the result of ab“social contract” with regional elites focus on social “capitalization” and the regional space, forming new social elevators within the framework of converting social and cultural-symbolic capital not for inclusion in regional elites, but for acquiring abresource of influence on making vital decisions for regional development.
Conference papers on the topic "Capitalization effects"
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Hsu, L. L. "Total Corrosion Control for Industrial Gas Turbines: Airborne Contaminants and Their Impact on Air/Fuel/Water Management." In ASME 1988 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/88-gt-65.
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Turbine longevity in the field is determined by the extent of its operation within design limits under mechanical and thermal loads as well as the environmental effects that undermine material properties on component surfaces. It is standard practice for the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) to specify maximum concentrations of harmful contaminants in the fuel for corrosion control. Some manufacturers have deployed on-line, in-service monitoring systems designed to incorporate data, such as temperature, speeds and start-stop cycles, into a functional, quasi-empirical equation, with an environmental factor, to continuously assess the condition of the turbine package for maintenance and overhaul purposes. This environmental factor simply categorizes fuel types in some generic correlation of fuel with hot section degradation. This paper discusses the concept of air, fuel and water management, an approach that has evolved at the author’s Company as a focused and cost-effective means of assessing the total turbomachinery environment. The ultimate objective is to employ the methodology described above for hot section corrosion life prediction and optimized maintenance planning with minimal capitalization and operating costs for maximum economic payback. The fundamental principle of this approach is represented schematically in Fig. 1 and discussed in more detail in Ref. 1. For total corrosion control, the engine environment is the sum of all contaminants present in the air, fuel and water (or steam). Tradeoffs in fluid quality can be tolerated provided the combined total concentration of a critical contaminant does not exceed the maximum allowable limits. Instead of separate restrictions on air, fuel and water quality, combined limits on total concentrations should be defined which then allows each fluid to vary in quality, thus providing greater flexibility for accommodating customer requirements or site specific conditions.
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Ulrich, Patrick, and Dennis Anselmann. "Insider trading on the German capital market — Can insiders achieve excess returns through their information advantage?" In Corporate governance: A search for emerging trends in the pandemic times. Virtus Interpress, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cgsetpt17.
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This study investigates whether corporate insiders can generate excess returns on the German capital market due to their information advantage. This is done with the help of an event study based on a market model that estimates the expected returns. Furthermore, the effect size of individual aspects is examined in a multiple regression. It is shown that insiders can achieve short-term excess returns of up to 2.1% after purchases and of up to -2.95% after sales. Moreover, these are strikingly high for, relative to market capitalization, transactions of smaller firms and transactions of other executives. The greatest influence on the excess return of a transaction is the market capitalization of the company in the case of buy transactions, while the excess return of sell transactions is largely determined by the share of trading volume in the outstanding shares. An imitation of insider transactions by outsiders may allow for excess returns, but this strongly depends on the share to be traded due to the bid-ask spread as well as the trading commissions. Despite the existence of regulation, it is evident that insiders can achieve significant excess returns, presumably on the basis of non-public information
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Lee, Younghan, and Steve Globerman. "An Empirical Study of the Securities Transaction Tax (STT) in the South Korean Capital Market - Focus on Volatility Effect, Trading Volume, and Tax Capitalization -." In Annual International Conference on Accounting and Finance (AF 2017). Global Science & Technology Forum (GSTF), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2251-1997_af17.57.
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Aseinov, Dastan. "Factors Affecting Cost Efficiency in the Banking Sector of Kyrgyzstan." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c08.01907.
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Instabilities in the banking sector have had an adverse effect on the economy as a whole, since the largest share in the financial system and financial intermediation in Kyrgyzstan have been captured by banking sector. Economic efficiency in banking can be viewed as a source of financial stability of banking system. Economic efficiency of the banking is more important challenge not only for shareholders and managers of banks, and also for regulation and supervision authorities, and public and potential investors. 
 The aim of this study is to examine factors affecting the banking cost efficiency for Kyrgyz banks. It is also important to choose the appropriate approach in measurement of banking cost efficiency, since there are many different methods. In this study preferred stochastic frontier approach which assumes random error term which captures sampling, measurement and specification errors. We adopted stochastic cost frontier model proposed by Battese ve Coelli (1995) which also allow to examine investigate the impact of variables on efficiency. 
 We used unbalanced panel data set captured 17-23 Kyrgyz commercial banks for period of 2000-2013. Obtained results suggest that capitalization, foreign ownership, credit risk, liquidity risk and currency risk have most influence on cost efficiency scores of banks calculated averagely at level of 0,766. Overall results indicate that domestic banks more cost efficient than domestic private and foreign banks. Average cost efficiency scores of domestic banks, foreign and separately public banks are 0,848; 0,649 and 0,875, respectively.