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Academic literature on the topic 'Capri pox virus'
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Journal articles on the topic "Capri pox virus"
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K., Padmaja K. Ushasree K. Lakshmi. "Lumpy skin disease: an overview." Vet Farm Frontier 02, no. 04 (2025): 92–95. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15385754.
Full textAbstract:
LUMPY SKIN DISEASE is caused by capri pox virus, that was reported at first in India in year 2020 in Orissa state, then spread to other regions of India,has the significant morbidity and less mortality, but significant economic loss due to appearance of hide in leather industry and loss of milk production due to the decrease in appetite. <strong> </strong> <strong>KEYWORDS</strong>: , , .
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Aruna, Maramulla* Latha Carey1 and Ahesh2. "Lumpy Skin Disease." Science World a monthly e magazine 3, no. 7 (2023): 1627–35. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8190179.
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Lumpy skin disease is a vector born unnoticed viral disease caused by the lumpy skin disease virus under the family Poxviridae. Currently, the disease has emerged emerging threat to large domesticated ruminants (cattle and water buffalo). The severity of clinical signs of LSD depends on the strain of Capri pox virus and the host cattle breed. Lumpy skin disease (LSD) causes huge economic losses in the livestock industry. It is caused by the Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) which belongs to the family Poxviridae, with the Neethling strain as the prototype. LSDV belongs to the genus Capri poxvirus which includes sheep pox virus and goat pox virus. LSD is an enzootic infectious, eruptive and seldom fatal disease of cattle characterized by nodules on the skin. Cattle and water buffalo are the only animal species affected, with a high morbidity rate, but low mortality, however, death rates are higher among calves. LSD causes loss of milk and beef production, abortions in females and sterility in males. The original foci of LSD are from Zambia in 1929. LSD is considered an endemic disease in the African continent. However, the disease has been moved beyond Africa in 1984. It is reported in Madagascar and some countries in the Arab Gulf Peninsula and the Middle East. Recently, the disease is reported in LSD-free countries (Jordan, Syria, Lebanon, Turkey, Iran and Iraq) with potential economic loss to the livestock industry. This review article intends to discuss LSD in light of the recent situation that raises concerns about the spreading of the disease in LSD-free countries.
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Shubham, Kumar1 Dhaval J. Kamothi2* Manju Gari3 Anshuk Sharma4 Meemansha Sharma5 Thakur Uttam Singh6 Dinesh Kumar7. "Lumpy Skin Disease: A Review." Trends In Agriculture Science 2, no. 1 (2023): 13–19. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7548336.
Full textAbstract:
Lumpy skin disease is a disease caused by the capri pox virus belonging to the family pox viridae. The disease has recently created havoc in the livestock sector by causing high mortality in cattle. This disease was first reported in India on 18<sup>th</sup> of November, 2019 in Odisha. The disease was responsible for great economic loss in terms of mortality, decreased milk production and other dairy products. The diagnosis of the disease was carried out by viral isolation and confirmation was made using different molecular techniques such as the fluorescent antibody test, polymerase chain reaction, ELISA and other techniques. The treatment protocol followed consisted of the conventional and ethno-veterinary approach as per the guidelines of the national dairy development board (NDDB). Through different approaches, efforts were made to control the transmission of the virus and improve the health of the livestock.
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Dubey, Anubhav. "A review on current epidemiology and molecular studies of lumpy skin disease virus-an emerging worldwide threat to domestic animals." Journal of medical pharmaceutical and allied sciences 12, no. 1 (2023): 5635–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.55522/jmpas.v12i1.4583.
Full textAbstract:
In South Asia, cattle are afflicted by the expanding virulent condition known as Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD), and sheep pox and goat pox are caused by the Capri virus. These illnesses endanger worldwide trade. Due to inadequate immunisations and poverty in rural areas, Capricorn poxviruses are spreading. This is due to the economic repercussions of the COVID-19 epidemic, debilitating sanctions in endemic countries, a growth in the legal and criminal trade of live animals and animal products, and global climate change. Skin spores are the main route of infection; however, the virus is also excreted through bodily fluids and semen. As a result, the virus is transmitted to susceptible hosts by biting flies, mosquitoes, and other insects. Insects can be transstadial and transovarial. Lumpy skin disease lesions can swell and rupture after 7 to 14 days in experimental settings, but it usually takes 2 to 5 weeks in a normal infection. Lumpy skin disease is characterised by hard, constrictive, few (mild forms) to numerous (severe forms) skin nodules that may encompass respiratory, urogenital, and other organ mucous membranes. Consequently, milk output decreases, and in countries that raise cattle, there are more abortions, cases of temporary or permanent infertility, hide damage, and mortality, all of which result in a financial loss. The best method for limiting the spread and monetary impacts of lumpy skin disease is mass immunisation and other management measures. This review provides the latest information on lumpy skin disease's viral biology, transmission, clinical, and pathological aspects.
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G, Zewdie. "A Review on: Lumpy Skin Disease: Enhance Awareness on the Epidemiological situation and Diagnosis; Prevention and Control Measures in Ethiopia." Virology & Immunology Journal 5, no. 1 (2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/vij-16000268.
Full textAbstract:
Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an economically significant viral disease of cattle and caused by lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV). The virus is belonging to the genus Capri poxvirus (CaPV) of the family Poxviridae. Recently, the disease has been rapidly spreading to the Middle East, South east Europe and parts of Russian federation. The disease causes significant economic loss due to hide damage, loss of milk production, mastitis, infertility and death. Clinically, LSD is characterized by circumscribed skin nodules, fever, and abortions in females and sterility in males. LSD damages hides and causes death due to secondary bacterial infections. LSD is principally transmitted by blood-feeding arthropod vectors. However, transmission of the disease between animals is inefficient. Diagnosis is mainly based on observation of clinical signs and identification of the agent using conventional and real-time PCR methods, electron microscopy, and isolation of the virus in cell cultures, and using conventional serological tests. In endemic countries, vaccination is the only effective method to control the disease using live attenuated vaccines derived from Kenyan sheep and goat pox virus (KSGP) strains. However, there are reports of insufficient protection of the existing vaccines. Therefore; there is a need for more extensive data from the field and for larger-scale clinical trials to ensure the efficacy and safety of the current vaccines
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Mosad, Samah M., Nesma Rasheed, Hanaa S. Ali, Khaled A. S. El-Khabaz, Eman A. M. Shosha, and Mohamed El-Diasty. "Incidence of lumpy skin disease virus with its characterization in vaccinated pregnant Holstein cows in Dakahlia governorate, Egypt." German Journal of Veterinary Research 1, no. 4 (2021): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.51585/gjvr.2021.4.0027.
Full textAbstract:
Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an infectious economically important viral disease of cattle. Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) is still circulating in Egypt, despite the annual mass vaccination with sheep pox virus vaccine recommended by the Egyptian authorities. This study was carried out on two farms of pregnant Holstein cows vaccinated with Bovivax LSD-N® Vaccine (farm I) and Servac Capri-C vaccine® (farm II). After 40-60 days post-vaccination, mild clinical signs were detected in 3% of cows on the farm I whereas a more severe clinical infection was developed in 40% of cows on farm II. LSDV was isolated on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of 11 days old embryonated chicken egg (ECEs) and Madin Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) tissue culture. LSDV was identified in collected skin tissues by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and histopathological examination. Finally, LSDV was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification at 192 base pair (bp) of the P32 gene and two samples were selected for DNA sequencing. LSDV developed characteristic pock lesions in inoculated ECEs. MDBK cell culture developed a prominent LSDV cytopathic effect at the 3rd passage. Viral particles were detected in the cytoplasm of both epidermal cells and dermal macrophages by TEM. Histopathological examination revealed different lesions correlated withLSDV infection age. LSDV was confirmed in all tested samples by PCR. Our strains (Dakahlia- 2020-1 and Dakahlia- 2020-2) were closely related to other Egyptian LSDV strains on GenBank with 98.2%-100% identity. The present study proved conclusive evidence that the live attenuated sheep poxvirus vaccine poorly protects Egyptian cattle against LSDV, while the LSDV Neethling strain vaccine gave a promising and sufficient protection rate
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KARABASANAVAR, NAGAPPA, PRASHANTH S. BAGALKOTE, D. B. RAJASHEKARA, S. S. MANJUNATHA, and K. C. VEERANNA. "Phylogenetic analysis of Orf virus associated with contagious ecthyma (orf) outbreak in Tellicherry goats (Capra hircus)." Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 88, no. 2 (2018): 144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v88i2.79288.
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Orf virus (ORFV) is a member of genus Parapoxvirus that causes contagious ecthyma in goats. A pox-like disease was investigated in Tellicherry goats (31 female) maintained at a semi-organized farm. History revealed recent introduction of Tellicherry goats for breeding purpose and housing of the new entrants in to a farm already having a mild form of pox-like disease. Newly introduced and stressed Tellicherry goats developed severe form of infection with 100% morbidity. Affected goats showed lesions around lips (100%), commissure (53%) and oral cavity (65%); exanthematic dermatitis was evident in 94% of the affected goats followed by ulceration (47%) and nodular lesions (24%). Scab samples were collected from affected goats to confirm the clinical diagnosis. Genus Parapoxvirus was confirmed by the amplification of specific 594 bp and 235 bp amplicons. Further, Orf virus specific amplicon of size 1,206 bp was also amplified for the confirmation. Sequence analysis of PCR amplicons showed close resemblance of the outbreak strain with reported Indian Orf virus isolates. Based on the homology of the outer envelope protein B2L gene sequence of Orf virus, the source of infection to the Tellicherry goats was traced to the local goat. Although Orf virus is zoonotic; however, no occupational transmission was noticed in the present outbreak.
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"Sero-Prevalence and Risk Factors for Sheep Pox and Its Comparison to Capri pox Double Antigen Multispecies Elisa in Kordofan States in Sudan." Journal of Veterinary Health Science 3, no. 4 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.33140/jvhs.03.04.01.
Full textAbstract:
A cross-sectional survey was performed in the Kordofan region, from March to September 2011 was compared to Capripox Double Ag ELISA for multispecies. The estimated overall sero-prevalence of sheep pox in Kordofan region was 73.4% determined by virus neutralization and was prevalent in both South and North Kordofan states at 85% and 63.6% respectively. However, Seroprevalence for lumpy skin disease was 5% and 62% for sheep pox by using Capripox Double Ag ELISA. The serological information was used to identify potential risk factors associated with sheep pox outbreaks. The risk factors identified were the breed, age, sex, species, movement patterns, herd size and geographic region. In addition, a questionnaire explored producer’s knowledge about the disease in the Sudan. The results of the questionnaire were that both nomadic as well as fixed farmers were generally aware of sheep pox as a disease, but most did not have full knowledge about the disease. Greater than half of producers experienced the disease in the past 2 years and did not have their sheep vaccinated.
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Roy, Parimal S., T. Ravimurugan, N. Pazhanivel, et al. "An outbreak of sheep pox in an organized farm of Tamil Nadu, India." Indian Journal of Animal Research, no. 0f (October 4, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.18805/ijar.v0i0f.3782.
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Outbreak of sheep pox was noticed in flocks of Khilakaraisal in an organized government farm of Tirunelveli district during 2013. Mortality and morbidity rates were 4.17% and 80.00%, respectively. Both the sexes of sheep between 6 months to 2 years old were affected. DNA extracted from the scab specimens (n=5) were amplified using Capri pox specific p32 gene primers and yielded 192 bp product. In order to differentiate between sheep pox and goat pox PCR – RFLP was carried out. Digestion of PCR product with EcoRI enzyme yielded two fragments with a size of 123 bp and 63 bp which confirmed the presence of sheep pox virus. Histopathological examination of tissues revealed extensive hydropic degeneration of proliferating epidermal cells with presence of large number of intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion bodies in the keratinocytes of epidermal cells in skin. Lung revealed large infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages with presence of intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions in the macrophages, proliferation of type II pneumocytes were prominent along with bronchiolar epithelial hyperplasia. The outbreak was controlled by effective preventive measures like vaccination of healthy animals, affected animals were treated with a course of antibiotic for 7 days, contaminated areas were disinfected and restricted the movement of animals from unaffected areas to infected areas.
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Mathivanan, Elavarasan, Kavitha Raju, and Rajaganapathy Murugan. "Outbreak of Lumpy skin disease in India 2022- an emerging threat to livestock & livelihoods." Global Biosecurity 5 (February 9, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.31646/gbio.187.
Full textAbstract:
An ongoing outbreak of Lumpy skin disease (LSD) has affected many states in India since May 2022. The disease originated in Zambia in 1929. The disease first appeared in South Asia in July 2019, with Bangladesh reporting an outbreak. India reported its first ever Lumpy skin disease outbreak in August 2019. LSD is a contagious epizootic disease caused by the Capri pox virus, which spreads among cattle. The major mode of transmission is vector-borne. There is no specific treatment for LSD. The current preventive measure include vaccination, movement control of bovine animals and quarantining, implementing biosecurity through vector control. There is no evidence that it can affect humans. The current outbreak in India has a wide range of morbidity rates, and higher range of mortality rates among cattle, comparing to the previous outbreak. The outbreak has resulted in huge economic implications for dairy farmers, which is exacerbated by the spread of misinformation through social media.